初中英語動詞用法及時(shí)態(tài)專項(xiàng)練習(xí)動詞，作為英語句子的“心臟”，其用法的掌握程度直接關(guān)系到語言表達(dá)的準(zhǔn)確性和流利度。在初中階段，我們不僅要理解動詞的基本含義，更要熟練掌握其不同時(shí)態(tài)的構(gòu)成與運(yùn)用。本文將結(jié)合初中英語的核心考點(diǎn)，梳理動詞的基礎(chǔ)用法，并通過專項(xiàng)練習(xí)幫助同學(xué)們鞏固動詞時(shí)態(tài)的知識，提升在具體語境中靈活運(yùn)用的能力。一、動詞的基本用法概覽在深入時(shí)態(tài)之前，我們先來回顧一下動詞的一些基本分類和用法，這是理解時(shí)態(tài)的基礎(chǔ)。1.及物動詞與不及物動詞*及物動詞(TransitiveVerbs)：這類動詞后面必須跟賓語，才能表達(dá)完整的意思。*例如：Shereadsabookeveryday.(read后接賓語"abook")*Heboughtanewpenyesterday.(bought后接賓語"anewpen")*不及物動詞(IntransitiveVerbs)：這類動詞本身意義完整，后面不需要跟賓語。*例如：Thesunrisesintheeast.(rise后無賓語)*Theylaughedloudly.(laughed后無賓語)**注意：有些動詞既可以作及物動詞，也可以作不及物動詞，具體含義可能略有不同。*例如：Hestudieshard.(不及物，“學(xué)習(xí)”)/HestudiesEnglish.(及物，“學(xué)習(xí)……科目”)2.系動詞(LinkingVerbs)系動詞本身有一定意義，但不能單獨(dú)作謂語，其后必須接表語（通常是形容詞、名詞或介詞短語），構(gòu)成“主系表”結(jié)構(gòu)，說明主語的狀態(tài)、性質(zhì)或特征。*例如：Theflowerssmellsweet.(smell是系動詞，后接形容詞sweet作表語)*Shebecameateacherlastyear.(became是系動詞，后接名詞ateacher作表語)*Theweathergetscolderinwinter.(gets是系動詞，后接形容詞比較級colder作表語)3.情態(tài)動詞(ModalVerbs)情態(tài)動詞表示說話人的語氣、情感或態(tài)度，如能力、許可、可能性、必要性等。它們本身有一定意義，但不能單獨(dú)作謂語，其后必須接動詞原形。*常見的情態(tài)動詞：can(could),may(might),must,should,would,need(在肯定句中多為實(shí)義動詞)等。*例如：Youcanswimverywell.(能力)*Wemustobeytheschoolrules.(必要性)*Youshouldstudyharder.(建議)二、初中英語核心動詞時(shí)態(tài)詳解與練習(xí)時(shí)態(tài)是英語動詞的重要特征，它通過動詞形式的變化來表示動作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生的時(shí)間和所處的狀態(tài)。初中階段我們主要學(xué)習(xí)以下幾種基本時(shí)態(tài)：1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)(SimplePresentTense)*構(gòu)成：*主語為第一、二人稱及復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)：動詞原形。*主語為第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)：動詞后加-s或-es(具體規(guī)則需牢記)。*基本用法：*表示經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。*例句：Igotoschoolatseveneverymorning./Sheisastudent.*表示客觀真理、科學(xué)事實(shí)或格言警句。*例句：Theearthgoesaroundthesun./Practicemakesperfect.*時(shí)間狀語標(biāo)志：often,usually,always,sometimes,everyday/week/month/year,onSundays,etc.即時(shí)小練1：用括號內(nèi)動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1.Myfatheroften______(read)newspapersafterdinner.2.They______(play)basketballontheplaygroundeveryafternoon.3.Thesun______(rise)intheeastand______(set)inthewest.2.一般過去時(shí)(SimplePastTense)*構(gòu)成：動詞的過去式(規(guī)則動詞加-ed，不規(guī)則動詞需熟記)。*基本用法：*表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。*例句：Iwenttotheparkyesterday./Hewashappylastnight.*表示過去經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動作。*例句：WhenIwasachild,Ioften______(swim)intheriver.(此處應(yīng)用swam)*時(shí)間狀語標(biāo)志：yesterday,thedaybeforeyesterday,lastweek/month/year,...ago,in2020(過去的年份),justnow,etc.即時(shí)小練2：用括號內(nèi)動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1.Tom______(watch)TVwithhisfamilylastnight.2.They______(visit)theGreatWalltwoyearsago.3.I______(be)borninasmalltown.3.一般將來時(shí)(SimpleFutureTense)*構(gòu)成：*will/shall+動詞原形(shall多用于第一人稱，口語中常用will)。*begoingto+動詞原形(表示計(jì)劃、打算或根據(jù)跡象判斷即將發(fā)生)。*基本用法：*表示將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。*例句：Iwill/shallgotoBeijingtomorrow./Itisgoingtorainsoon.(看天色判斷)*表示計(jì)劃、打算做某事。*例句：Sheisgoingtolearntoplaythepianonextterm.*時(shí)間狀語標(biāo)志：tomorrow,thedayaftertomorrow,nextweek/month/year,soon,in+一段時(shí)間(如inthreedays),etc.即時(shí)小練3：用括號內(nèi)動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1.We______(have)apicnicintheparknextSunday.2.There______(be)afootballmatchonTVthisevening.3.She______(buy)anewdressforherbirthday.(計(jì)劃)4.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)(PresentContinuousTense)*構(gòu)成：am/is/are+動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞(V-ing形式)。*基本用法：*表示此時(shí)此刻正在進(jìn)行的動作。*例句：Listen!Someone______(sing)inthenextroom.(此處應(yīng)用issinging)*表示現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動作(說話時(shí)不一定正在進(jìn)行)。*例句：They______(study)Englishveryhardthesedays.(此處應(yīng)用arestudying)*時(shí)間狀語標(biāo)志：now,atthemoment,look!,listen!等。*注意：有些動詞通常不用于進(jìn)行時(shí)，如表示感官、狀態(tài)、心理活動的動詞(see,hear,smell,taste,feel,like,love,hate,know,understand,believe,want,need等)。即時(shí)小練4：用括號內(nèi)動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1.Look!Thechildren______(play)happilyinthegarden.2.Mymother______(cook)dinnerinthekitchennow.3.He______(read)astorybookatthemoment.5.過去進(jìn)行時(shí)(PastContinuousTense)*構(gòu)成：was/were+動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞(V-ing形式)。*基本用法：*表示過去某一時(shí)刻或某一段時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動作。*例句：I______(do)myhomeworkateightlastnight.(此處應(yīng)用wasdoing)*They______(watch)TVfromseventonineyesterdayevening.(此處應(yīng)用werewatching)*常與一般過去時(shí)連用，表示一個(gè)動作發(fā)生時(shí)，另一個(gè)動作正在進(jìn)行。*例句：Whilemyfather______(read)newspapers,I______(do)myhomework.(此處應(yīng)用wasreading,wasdoing)*時(shí)間狀語標(biāo)志：at8o'clocklastnight,from7to9yesterday,when,while引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句等。即時(shí)小練4：用括號內(nèi)動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1.I______(listen)tomusicwhenmybrothercamein.2.What______you______(do)atthistimeyesterday?3.They______(play)cardswhentheteacherwalkedintotheclassroom.6.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)(PresentPerfectTense)*構(gòu)成：have/has+動詞的過去分詞(V-ed形式，不規(guī)則動詞需熟記)。*基本用法：*表示過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。*例句：Ihavefinishedmyhomework.(結(jié)果是現(xiàn)在可以玩了)/Shehaslostherkey.(影響是現(xiàn)在進(jìn)不了門)*表示從過去某一時(shí)間開始，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)，常與for,since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語連用。*例句：Wehavelivedherefortenyears./HehasstudiedEnglishsincehewasfive.*時(shí)間狀語標(biāo)志：already,yet,just,ever,never,before,recently,sofar,inthepastfewyears,for+一段時(shí)間,since+過去時(shí)間點(diǎn)/從句(一般過去時(shí))等。*注意：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)過去動作與現(xiàn)在的聯(lián)系，不能與表示過去的具體時(shí)間狀語(如yesterday,lastweek,in2020)連用。即時(shí)小練6：用括號內(nèi)動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1.I______(see)thisfilmbefore.2.She______(notfinish)herhomeworkyet.3.We______(live)inthiscitysince2015.三、綜合能力提升：動詞時(shí)態(tài)專項(xiàng)練習(xí)A.單項(xiàng)選擇(Choosethebestanswer)1.Mybrotherusually______upearly,butthismorninghe______uplate.A.get;getB.gets;gotC.got;getsD.isgetting;gets2.Listen!Thebirds______beautifullyinthetree.A.singB.sangC.aresingingD.willsing3.They______totheGreatWallifit______tomorrow.A.go;doesn'trainB.willgo;won'trainC.willgo;doesn'trainD.go;won'train4.I______myhomeworkwhenmymother______intomyroom.5.He______inthisschoolforfiveyears.He______herein2018.B.用括號內(nèi)所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空(Fillintheblankswiththeproperformsoftheverbsgiven)1.Heoften______(help)hismotherwithhouseworkonSundays.2.Look!Thegirl______(dance)overthere.3.We______(visit)themuseumifitisfinetomorrow.4.She______(notgo)toschoolyesterdaybecauseshewasill.5.Myfather______(work)inthisfactoryforovertwentyyears.He______(start)toworkherewhenhewasyoung.6.WhileTom______(watch)TV,hissister______(do)herhomeworklastnight.7.I______(alreadyfinish)myhomework.Let'sgoouttoplay.8.There______(be)alotofchangesinourcitysince2010.四、練習(xí)答案與解析即時(shí)小練答案：*小練1:1.reads2.play3.rises,sets*小練2:1.watched2.visited3.was*小練3:1.willhave/aregoingtohave2.willbe/isgoingtobe3.isgoingtobuy*小練4:1.areplaying2.iscooking3.isreading*小練5:1.waslistening2.were,doing3.wereplaying綜合能力提升練習(xí)答案與解析：*A.單項(xiàng)選擇1.B(usually提示一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主語mybrother是三單；thismorning提示一般過去時(shí))2.C(Listen!提示現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí))3.C(if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句，主將從現(xiàn))4.B(when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句，主句用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，從句用一般過去時(shí)，表示一個(gè)動作發(fā)生時(shí)另一個(gè)動作正在進(jìn)行)5.A(forfiveyears提示現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)；in2018提示一般過去時(shí))*B.用括號內(nèi)所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1.helps(often,onSundays提示一般現(xiàn)在