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高級(jí)中學(xué)名校試卷PAGEPAGE1湖北省某中學(xué)2024-2025學(xué)年高二上學(xué)期開(kāi)學(xué)英語(yǔ)試題第一部分聽(tīng)力(共略)第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié),滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分,滿分37.5分)ANewChiefExecutiveWantedTheEconomistEducationalFoundationisanindependentcharitythatwasestablishedfrominsideTheEconomistGroupin2012.Wesupportchildrenfromunderservedbackgroundstohaveinspiringdiscussionsaboutthenews,whichteachthemtocreativelysolveproblems,listenwithanopenmindandspeakwithconfidence.Childrenwhotakepartinourprogramme,TopicalTalk,canmakesignificantmeasurableprogresscomparedwiththeirpeersintheseessentialskills,whichsupportthemtothriveatschool,inemploymentandascitizens.Theypractisetheseskillstoengagewiththenews,learningtoformnuancedviewsoncomplexissuesandconstructivelyhavetheirsay.Thisisespeciallyimportantatatimeofmisinformationandpolarisation.OurfoundingChiefExecutive,EmilyEvans,hasdecidedtomoveontotacklenewchallenges.Shewillstepdownnextsummer,andweareseekinganewChiefExecutivetoleadthecharityasitembarksonahugelyexcitingnextphaseofglobalgrowth.TopicalTalkhasexpandedfromaUKpilotin2013toreachingover200,000childrenacrosstheworldtoday,andwehaveambitiousplansforthenextdecade.Wehaveanextraordinaryplatformtosupportourgrowthambitions:atalented,highlymotivatedandsupportiveteam;acollaborative,professional,high-trustculture;andclearstrategicfocus.Wearelookingforaleaderwhocanbuildonthisplatformandrealiseourpotentialforscaleatthesametimeasdeepeningourimpact,ensuringthatwealwaysstayfocusedonmakingameaningfuldifferenceinthelivesofchildrenwhoaremostinneedofextrasupport.Ifyouhaveexperienceofscalinganorganizationwhiletakingacollaborative,inclusiveandempoweringapproachtoleadership,andyouarekeenonourmission,wewouldlovetohearfromyou.TheroleisbasedinTheEconomist’sheadquartersinLondonatleasttwodaysperweek.Findmoreinformation,includingdetailsofhowtoapply,here:economistfoundation.org/chiefexecutive1.WhatistheaimofTheEconomistEducationalFoundation?A.Toinvolvemorecitizensinaneducationalcause.B.Tocreativelysolveglobalproblems.C.Tohelpdisadvantagedchildrendevelopsomecoreskills.D.Toworldwideengagechildreninwipingoutmisinformation.2.Whatisthecharity’sfutureambition?A.Toboostitsgrowthandinfluence. B.Tocopewithnewchallenges.C.Toadoptaninclusiveway. D.TomoveitsbasetoLondon.3.WhatkeyqualitiesareexpectedinthenewChiefExecutive?A.Beingcapableandbossy. B.Beingmodestandexperienced.C.Beingtalentedanddiligent. D.Beingenthusiasticandcooperative.【答案】1.C2.A3.D【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章是一則經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人教育基金會(huì)招聘新行政長(zhǎng)官的公告,說(shuō)明了組織的一些情況和招聘要求。【1題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Wesupportchildrenfromunderservedbackgroundstohaveinspiringdiscussionsaboutthenews,whichteachthemtocreativelysolveproblems,listenwithanopenmindandspeakwithconfidence.(我們支持來(lái)自弱勢(shì)背景的孩子們就新聞進(jìn)行鼓舞人心的討論,教會(huì)他們創(chuàng)造性地解決問(wèn)題,以開(kāi)放的心態(tài)傾聽(tīng),自信地說(shuō)話)”以及第二段“Childrenwhotakepartinourprogramme,TopicalTalk,canmakesignificantmeasurableprogresscomparedwiththeirpeersintheseessentialskills,whichsupportthemtothriveatschool,inemploymentandascitizens.(參加我們的專題談話項(xiàng)目的孩子們,在這些基本技能方面可以比他們的同齡人取得顯著的可衡量的進(jìn)步,這些技能支持他們?cè)趯W(xué)校、就業(yè)和作為公民茁壯成長(zhǎng))”可知,經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人教育基金會(huì)的目標(biāo)是幫助弱勢(shì)兒童發(fā)展一些核心技能。故選C。【2題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段“Wearelookingforaleaderwhocanbuildonthisplatformandrealiseourpotentialforscaleatthesametimeasdeepeningourimpact,ensuringthatwealwaysstayfocusedonmakingameaningfuldifferenceinthelivesofchildrenwhoaremostinneedofextrasupport.(我們正在尋找一位領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者,他能夠在這個(gè)平臺(tái)的基礎(chǔ)上,在深化我們影響力的同時(shí),實(shí)現(xiàn)我們的規(guī)模潛力,確保我們始終專注于為最需要額外支持的兒童的生活帶來(lái)有意義的改變)”可知,慈善機(jī)構(gòu)未來(lái)的目標(biāo)是促進(jìn)其發(fā)展和影響力。故選A?!?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Ifyouhaveexperienceofscalinganorganizationwhiletakingacollaborative,inclusiveandempoweringapproachtoleadership,andyouarekeenonourmission,wewouldlovetohearfromyou.(如果你有組織擴(kuò)張的經(jīng)驗(yàn),同時(shí)采取協(xié)作、包容和授權(quán)的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)方式,并且你熱衷于我們的使命,我們很樂(lè)意聽(tīng)到你的聲音)”可知,新任行政長(zhǎng)官應(yīng)熱情和有合作精神。故選D。BIn1983,HowardBlatt,anelectricalengineeratMITandamarriedfather,collapsedinhiskitchenduetoastroke(中風(fēng)).Thislefthimwithaparalyzedarmandlegandsevereaphasia.Aphasiadoesnotaffectintellect,sosomeaphasiasuffererslikenittolivinginaprisonwithintheirownbrain;theirmindswork,yettheyareunabletoexpressthemselvesorunderstandspokenorwrittenlanguage.Theconditioncanpreventthemfromspeaking,reading,writingorcomprehending,sometimesacombinationofthose,sometimesallofthem.Atleast2millionpeopleintheU.S.haveaphasia,commonlyasaresultofstroke.Describinghiscondition,Blattsaid:“Notalking—zip.Speech—zip.Oneincident.Changedlife.”Blattadaptedtohisphysicaldisabilitiesbutneverfullyrecovered.Discoveringaidnetworksforpeoplewithaphasiawereararityintheearly1980s,heco-foundedtheAphasiaCommunityGroupin1990withhiswifeandothers.It’soneoftheoldestandlargestsupportgroupsforaphasiapatientsandtheirfamilies,offeringserviceslikeconcerts,bookgroups,healthinformation,andcompanionship.MaryBorelli,astrokesurvivor,describedthegroupasalifesaver,providingunderstandingandasenseofbelonging.Thegrouphelpsbreaktheisolation.JerryKaplan,aco-founderandBostonUniversityspeech-languagepathologist,notedthatnewcomersoftenexpressreliefatfindingotherswhosharetheirstruggles.Thousandshaveattendedsinceitsfounding,findingasafe,comfortablespacetoconnect.Blattfocusedonregainingfunction.Hemovedfromawheelchairtoalegbrace,re-camedhisdriver’slicense,anddocumentedcross-countrytrips.Healsopursuedsculpting,houserestorations,andcreatedanewslettercalledTheAphasiaAdvocate.WithintheGroup,hewasarolemodelofadaptabilityanddetermination.TheAphasiaCommunityGroup,whichwillcelebrateits35thanniversarynextyear,remainsoneofBlatt’senduringlegacies.KaplanemphasizedBlatt’sdetermination,saying“Thoughgivenatoughbreakinmidlife,withyoungchildren,atthetopofhisgameinhisprofession,andhiscommunicationgiftswerelargelywipedout,hedidnotgiveintothisfor40-plusyears.Andnotonlydidhesurvive;hethrived.”4.Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout?A.Theconsequencesofastroke. B.Thehugeaphasiasufferers.C.Thecausesofastroke. D.Thesymptomsofaphasia.5.WhydidtheysetuptheAphasiaCommunityGroup?A.Toprovidescompanionshipforlonelypeople.B.Toaddressthelackofsupportforaphasiasufferers.C.Toworkonamedicalcureforaphasia.D.ToanswerthecallofMIT.6.Accordingtothemembers,whatisthesignificanceoftheAphasiaCommunityGroup?A.Itoffersthemfinancialassistance.B.Ithelpsthemregaintheirspeechcompletely.C.Itcreatesacaringcommunityforthem.D.Itconductsextensiveresearchontheirconditions.7.WhichsayingeffectivelyhighlightsHowardBlatt’slifestory?A.Turnlemonsintolemonade. B.Letnaturetakeitscourse.C.Asyousow,soshallyoureap. D.Nothingventured,nothinggained.【答案】4.D5.B6.C7.A【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇記敘文。主要講述了霍華德?布拉特經(jīng)歷中風(fēng)后患有嚴(yán)重的失語(yǔ),他發(fā)現(xiàn)社會(huì)上缺少對(duì)失語(yǔ)癥患者的支持組織,于是成立了失語(yǔ)癥社區(qū)組織,幫助了許多患者?!?題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段“Aphasiadoesnotaffectintellect,sosomeaphasiasuffererslikenittolivinginaprisonwithintheirownbrain;theirmindswork,yettheyareunabletoexpressthemselvesorunderstandspokenorwrittenlanguage.Theconditioncanpreventthemfromspeaking,reading,writingorcomprehending,sometimesacombinationofthose,sometimesallofthem.Atleast2millionpeopleintheU.S.haveaphasia,commonlyasaresultofstroke.(失語(yǔ)癥并不影響智力,所以一些失語(yǔ)癥患者把它比作住在自己大腦中的監(jiān)獄里;他們的大腦工作,但他們無(wú)法表達(dá)自己或理解口頭或書(shū)面語(yǔ)言。這種情況會(huì)阻止他們說(shuō)、讀、寫(xiě)或理解,有時(shí)是這些的組合,有時(shí)是全部。美國(guó)至少有200萬(wàn)人患有失語(yǔ)癥,通常是由中風(fēng)引起的)”可知,第二段的主要內(nèi)容是失語(yǔ)癥的癥狀。故選D?!?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Discoveringaidnetworksforpeoplewithaphasiawereararityintheearly1980s,heco-foundedtheAphasiaCommunityGroupin1990withhiswifeandothers.It’soneoftheoldestandlargestsupportgroupsforaphasiapatientsandtheirfamilies,offeringserviceslikeconcerts,bookgroups,healthinformation,andcompanionship.(在20世紀(jì)80年代早期,他發(fā)現(xiàn)對(duì)失語(yǔ)癥患者的援助網(wǎng)絡(luò)是罕見(jiàn)的,于是他在1990年與妻子和其他人共同創(chuàng)立了失語(yǔ)癥社區(qū)組織。它是歷史最悠久、規(guī)模最大的失語(yǔ)癥患者及其家屬支持團(tuán)體之一,提供音樂(lè)會(huì)、讀書(shū)小組、健康信息和陪伴等服務(wù))”可知,他們成立失語(yǔ)癥社區(qū)小組是為了解決失語(yǔ)癥患者缺乏支持的問(wèn)題。故選B。【6題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“MaryBorelli,astrokesurvivor,describedthegroupasalifesaver,providingunderstandingandasenseofbelonging.Thegrouphelpsbreaktheisolation.JerryKaplan,aco-founderandBostonUniversityspeech-languagepathologist,notedthatnewcomersoftenexpressreliefatfindingotherswhosharetheirstruggles.Thousandshaveattendedsinceitsfounding,findingasafe,comfortablespacetoconnect.(中風(fēng)幸存者瑪麗·博雷利將這個(gè)團(tuán)體描述為救星,提供理解和歸屬感。這個(gè)團(tuán)體幫助打破了孤立。聯(lián)合創(chuàng)始人、波士頓大學(xué)語(yǔ)言病理學(xué)家杰里·卡普蘭指出,新來(lái)者通常在找到與他們有共同奮斗經(jīng)歷的人時(shí)表示寬慰。自成立以來(lái),成千上萬(wàn)的人參加了這個(gè)活動(dòng),他們找到了一個(gè)安全、舒適的空間來(lái)交流)”可知,根據(jù)成員的說(shuō)法,失語(yǔ)癥社區(qū)小組的意義是它為他們創(chuàng)造了一個(gè)充滿愛(ài)心的社區(qū)。故選C?!?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“KaplanemphasizedBlatt’sdetermination,saying“Thoughgivenatoughbreakinmidlife,withyoungchildren,atthetopofhisgameinhisprofession,andhiscommunicationgiftswerelargelywipedout,hedidnotgiveintothisfor40-plusyears.Andnotonlydidhesurvive;hethrived.”(卡普蘭強(qiáng)調(diào)了布拉特的決心,他說(shuō):“盡管在中年時(shí)期經(jīng)歷了艱難的轉(zhuǎn)折,有了年幼的孩子,在他的職業(yè)生涯中處于頂峰,他的溝通天賦基本上被摧毀了,但他在40多年里沒(méi)有屈服于這一點(diǎn)。他不僅活了下來(lái);他還茁壯成長(zhǎng)起來(lái)?!?”結(jié)合文章主要講述了霍華德?布拉特經(jīng)歷中風(fēng)后患有嚴(yán)重的失語(yǔ),于是成立了失語(yǔ)癥社區(qū)組織,幫助了許多患者??芍?,霍華德·布拉特的人生故事體現(xiàn)了“把檸檬變成檸檬水”即通過(guò)自身努力,轉(zhuǎn)變不利條件,實(shí)現(xiàn)逆風(fēng)翻盤(pán)的道理。故選A。CWhatiftherewerenolemonadestandssellingacupforaquarter?Nopaychecksforparentsandnoallowancesforkids?Nolibraryfinesandnolotteryjackpots?Howaboutnotollboothsorparkingmetersorcarpayments—nocarsatallforthatmatter,butwe’llgettothatlater.Imagine,too,iftherewerenocointossestodecidewhogoesfirst.Whatwouldthetoothfairyleaveunderourpillow?Ifallthisweretrue,languagewouldbepooreraswell.Noonewouldfeellikeamillionbucks.Noonewouldgiveapennyforyourthoughts.Andwhatwouldbeinyourwallet?Atoothpick,apicture,perhapsalovenote,butnocreditcardsorcoldhardcash.Insteadofbuying,youwouldhavetogrowormakewhateveryoumightneed.Youwoulddoalotofphysicallaborinthismoneylessworld.Wantapairofpants?Then,raisesomesheep,shearthem,spintheyarn,weavethewool,andsewaway.Thecomplexprocessofmanufacturingacar—miningcoal,smeltingiron,temperingsteel,assemblingavehicle—makesitlikelythatyouwouldhavetorideahorsefortransportation.Youwouldlivelikeapioneeronthefrontier,everyonemoreorlessequalinthestruggletosurvive.Tostressed-outmodernAmericans,thissimplelifemaysoundappealing,asitseemstocreatelesswasteandlessgreed.Insteadofchecks,peoplemightspendtimewritingpoems.Nomoneymeansnoratrace,theendlessgettingandspending,thepressuretokeepupwithneighborsandfriends.Inamoneylessworld,familiesandneighborsdependoneachother.And,youmighthavelotsofbrothersandsisterstosharethework.Givenhowmuchtimeittakestogrowandmakeandfixthings,swappinggoodsandservicesmakessense.Iffarmersgrowwheat,millersmaygrinditinreturnforashare.Barter(物物交換)servesalocaleconomy,butwhatifpeoplewantmore—morecomfort,morechoices?Whatiftheyjustwanttowearsomething,anything,otherthanwoolandanimalskins?Thedesireforclothfueledtradeintheancientworld.Cottongrowsonlyinwarmclimates;silkwormsdevelopwellinAsia.Traderscantransportrawfibersorwovenfabricfromproducerstoconsumers,butswappingdoesnotworkoverlongdistances.Imaginepullinghamandeggsacrosscontinents.So,societiesdevelopedaportablealternative:money.Moneyistrustmadevisible.Itdoesnotmatterwhatformittakes—beadorcoinorbyteinanelectronictransaction.Itsimplyrepresentsanagreed-uponvalue.Howdidpeopleeverlivewithoutit?8.Howdoesthewriterintroducethetopic?A.Bydescribingafuturisticsociety B.ByimaginingalifewithoutmoneyC.Byexplainingtheoriginofmoney D.Bydetailingthehistoryofbartering9.Whatcanwelearnfromthesecondparagraph?A.Societyvaluesmoneyforitsconvenience. B.Moneygreatlyenrichesexpressions.C.Moneyleadstosocialdisorder. D.Peopleprefersimplicitytomoney.10.Accordingtothepassage,amoneylessworldmakesfor________.A.Equality B.Innovation C.Independence D.Competition11.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardstheideaofamodernmoneylessworld?A.Carefree. B.Unclear. C.Disapproving. D.Supportive.【答案】8.B9.B10.A11.C【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要通過(guò)想象一個(gè)沒(méi)有金錢(qián)的社會(huì)告訴我們金錢(qián)的作用以及價(jià)值?!?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Whatiftherewerenolemonadestandssellingacupforaquarter?Nopaychecksforparentsandnoallowancesforkids?Nolibraryfinesandnolotteryjackpots?Howaboutnotollboothsorparkingmetersorcarpayments—nocarsatallforthatmatter,butwe’llgettothatlater.Imagine,too,iftherewerenocointossestodecidewhogoesfirst.Whatwouldthetoothfairyleaveunderourpillow?(如果沒(méi)有賣(mài)25美分一杯的檸檬水?dāng)倳?huì)怎么樣?父母沒(méi)有工資,孩子沒(méi)有零花錢(qián)?沒(méi)有圖書(shū)館罰款,也沒(méi)有彩票頭獎(jiǎng)?如果不收收費(fèi)站、不收停車(chē)計(jì)時(shí)器、不付車(chē)款呢——根本不收車(chē),我們以后再談。再想象一下,如果沒(méi)有拋硬幣來(lái)決定誰(shuí)先走。牙仙會(huì)在我們枕頭下留下什么?)”可知,作者通過(guò)想象沒(méi)有錢(qián)的生活引入主題。故選B。【9題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Ifallthisweretrue,languagewouldbepooreraswell.Noonewouldfeellikeamillionbucks.Noonewouldgiveapennyforyourthoughts.Andwhatwouldbeinyourwallet?Atoothpick,apicture,perhapsalovenote,butnocreditcardsorcoldhardcash.(如果這一切都是真的,語(yǔ)言也會(huì)變得更貧乏。沒(méi)人會(huì)覺(jué)得自己像個(gè)百萬(wàn)富翁。沒(méi)人會(huì)為你的想法花一分錢(qián)。那你錢(qián)包里會(huì)有什么呢?一根牙簽,一張照片,也許是一張愛(ài)的便條,但沒(méi)有信用卡或現(xiàn)金)”可知,金錢(qián)極大地豐富了表達(dá)。故選B。【10題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Nomoneymeansnoratrace,theendlessgettingandspending,thepressuretokeepupwithneighborsandfriends.Inamoneylessworld,familiesandneighborsdependoneachother.And,youmighthavelotsofbrothersandsisterstosharethework.(沒(méi)有錢(qián)意味著沒(méi)有激烈的競(jìng)爭(zhēng),沒(méi)有無(wú)休止的索取和消費(fèi),沒(méi)有跟上鄰居和朋友的壓力。在一個(gè)沒(méi)有錢(qián)的世界里,家庭和鄰居相互依賴。而且,你可能有很多兄弟姐妹來(lái)分擔(dān)工作)”可知,沒(méi)有金錢(qián)就意味著沒(méi)有競(jìng)爭(zhēng),沒(méi)有壓力,還能與很多兄弟姐妹分擔(dān)工作,由此可知,一個(gè)沒(méi)有錢(qián)的世界有利于平等。故選A?!?1題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Itsimplyrepresentsanagreed-uponvalue.Howdidpeopleeverlivewithoutit?(它只是表示一個(gè)商定的值。沒(méi)有它,人們?cè)趺瓷睿?”可知,作者不贊成現(xiàn)代無(wú)錢(qián)世界的觀點(diǎn)。故選C。DIfastrangerofferedyouafreecookie,youmightwelleatit.Butwhatiftheyofferedtoalsogiveyou$2?Youmightpolitelydeclineandwalkawaythinking,“Somethingsmellsfishy.”InastudypublishedinPersonalityandSocialPsychologyBulletin,researchersfoundthatpeopletendtoturndownoffersof“freemoney”aswellasunusuallyhighsalariesorsuspiciouslycheapservicesbecausetheyseem“toogoodtobetrue.”Theresearchbridgeseconomicsandpsychologytoexplainwhyfinancialattractioncanbackfire.Intheinitialexperiment,nearly40percentofparticipantsateacookieofferedfreely—comparedwithabout20percentofthoseoffered$2aswell.“Peopletypicallyimaginethingslikethatsomeonedidsomethingdisgustingtothecookie,”saysstudyleadauthorAndrewJ.Vonasch,apsychologicalscientistatUniversityofCanterburyinNewZealand.Ifsomeoneseemstoviolateacceptednormssuchasself-interestwithoutexplanation,weassumetheyhavehiddenmotivesandinfertherewillbe“phantomcosts”:imaginedconsequencesthatreducewhatVonaschcallsanoffer’s“psychologicalvalue”.Factorsbeyondthepresentmomentmaycomeintoplay.“Understandingthatothers’noticeableovergenerositymayputusintheirdebtcouldalsohelpexplainpeople’sreluctance,”saysRachelMcCloy,apsychologiststudyingdecision-makingatEngland’sUniversityofReading.“Theoldmaxim’there’snosuchthingasafreelunch’isclearlyaliveandwell.”Anotherexperimentfoundthathighscorersonmeasuresofdistrustinferredmorephantomcosts.Theresearchersalsoshowedhowtominimizetheeffect:simplyprovideareasonforthedeal.The“cheapflights”experimentincludedaconditionwheretheseatswererevealedtobeveryuncomfortable.“Uncomfortableseatsaren’ttypicallyasellingpoint,”Vonaschsays.“Buttellingpeopletheseatswereuncomfortablemadethemmorewillingtotakethembecauseitwassufficientclarification.”12.Whatisthemeaningoftheunderlinedwordbackfireinthesecondparagraph?A.Causeapositiveoutcomeunexpectedly. B.Havetheoppositeeffectoftheoneintended.C.Improvetheeffectivenessofastrategy. D.Enhancethevalueofanoffer.13.Whyisthesaying“thereisnosuchthingasafreelunch”quotedinthelastbutoneparagraph?A.Topromotegenerosityinsociety. B.Toserveasasupportingargument.C.Tohighlighthiddencostsofgenerousoffers. D.Toremindpeopletobecautiousoffreeitems.14.Whichcasecanreduce“PhantomCosts”?A.Offeringmoremoney. B.Providingadditionalunrelatedgifts.C.Discountingthepricefurther. D.Givingaplausibleexplanation.15.Whichcouldbethebesttitleofthetext?A.PhantomCosts:WhySomeDealsSeemTooGoodtoBeTrueB.PhantomCosts:WhatIsTheScienceofFinancialAttractionC.PsychologicalValue:WhyPeopleRejectFreeMoneyandOfferD.PsychologicalValue:HowPeopleinterpretOvergenerosityinDeals【答案】12.B13.B14.D15.A【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要講述了為什么人們會(huì)拒絕看似過(guò)于慷慨的優(yōu)惠或免費(fèi)贈(zèng)品,探討了經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)和心理學(xué)之間的聯(lián)系。【12題詳析】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第一段“Ifastrangerofferedyouafreecookie,youmightwelleatit.Butwhatiftheyofferedtoalsogiveyou$2?Youmightpolitelydeclineandwalkawaythinking,“Somethingsmellsfishy.”(如果一個(gè)陌生人給你一塊免費(fèi)的餅干,你很可能會(huì)吃掉它。但如果他們還愿意給你2美元呢?你可能會(huì)禮貌地拒絕,然后走開(kāi),心想:“有些東西聞起來(lái)很可疑?!?”以及第二段“InastudypublishedinPersonalityandSocialPsychologyBulletin,researchersfoundthatpeopletendtoturndownoffersof“freemoney”aswellasunusuallyhighsalariesorsuspiciouslycheapservicesbecausetheyseem“toogoodtobetrue.”(在《個(gè)性與社會(huì)心理學(xué)公報(bào)》上發(fā)表的一項(xiàng)研究中,研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn),人們傾向于拒絕“免費(fèi)的錢(qián)”、異常高的薪水或可疑的廉價(jià)服務(wù),因?yàn)樗鼈兛雌饋?lái)“好得令人難以置信”)”可知,第一段的例子表明,當(dāng)一件事情太過(guò)好的時(shí)候,人們會(huì)認(rèn)為可疑會(huì)拒絕,從而產(chǎn)生與預(yù)期相反的效果。故劃線詞意思是“產(chǎn)生與預(yù)期相反的效果”。故選B?!?3題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Factorsbeyondthepresentmomentmaycomeintoplay.“Understandingthatothers’noticeableovergenerositymayputusintheirdebtcouldalsohelpexplainpeople’sreluctance,”saysRachelMcCloy,apsychologiststudyingdecision-makingatEngland’sUniversityofReading.“Theoldmaxim’there’snosuchthingasafreelunch’isclearlyaliveandwell.”(當(dāng)下以外的因素可能會(huì)起作用。英國(guó)雷丁大學(xué)研究決策的心理學(xué)家雷切爾·麥克洛伊說(shuō):“了解別人明顯的過(guò)度慷慨可能會(huì)讓我們欠他們的債,這也有助于解釋人們的不情愿?!煜聸](méi)有免費(fèi)的午餐’這句古老的格言顯然是正確的?!?”可知,倒數(shù)第二段引用“天下沒(méi)有免費(fèi)的午餐”這句話是為了作為支持性的論據(jù)。故選B。【14題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Anotherexperimentfoundthathighscorersonmeasuresofdistrustinferredmorephantomcosts.Theresearchersalsoshowedhowtominimizetheeffect:simplyprovideareasonforthedeal.(另一項(xiàng)實(shí)驗(yàn)發(fā)現(xiàn),在不信任測(cè)試中得分高的人推斷出更多的幻影成本。研究人員還展示了如何將影響降到最低:簡(jiǎn)單地提供一個(gè)交易的理由)”可知,給出合理的解釋可以減少“幻影成本”。故選D?!?5題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段“InastudypublishedinPersonalityandSocialPsychologyBulletin,researchersfoundthatpeopletendtoturndownoffersof“freemoney”aswellasunusuallyhighsalariesorsuspiciouslycheapservicesbecausetheyseem“toogoodtobetrue.”(在《個(gè)性與社會(huì)心理學(xué)公報(bào)》上發(fā)表的一項(xiàng)研究中,研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn),人們傾向于拒絕“免費(fèi)的錢(qián)”、異常高的薪水或可疑的廉價(jià)服務(wù),因?yàn)樗鼈兛雌饋?lái)“好得令人難以置信”)”結(jié)合文章主要解釋了什么是“幻影成本”以及相關(guān)的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)。可知,A選項(xiàng)“幻影成本:為什么有些交易好得不真實(shí)”最符合文章標(biāo)題。故選A。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分,滿分12.5分).ToptipsfromLifeKitonhowtomakeyoursummersaferandbrighterWhenitcomestobrightideas,ourLifeKitexpertshavealotofthem.Thismonth,theyofferedtimelyguidanceonsummersafetyandscience-backedstrategiesonhowtoboostmemoryandimprovesleep.●____16____Onestudyfoundthatchangingyourenvironmentinaverysimpleway,likegettingoutofyourofficetoworkinthekitchenorgoforawalk,contributestoyourcreativity.“Now,thecreativityboostthatyougetfromsimplychangingyourenvironmentlastsforonlyaboutsixminutes.However,thosesixminutescouldbequiteimportant.____17____”saysTaliSharot.Ifyouhaveatononyourmindasyou’retryingtofallasleep,quietthechatterbywritingato-dolist.Writeouteachissueortaskandaspecificnextstepthatyouwilltaketomorrowtoaddressit,saysAllisonHarvey.____18____“Oncepeoplegetintoproblem-solving,thatbecomesarousing.”●Ifthetemperatureisinthehigh90sandyoudon’thaveairconditioningathome,gotoacoolingcenter.“Thatmightbesomethinglikeacommunitycenter,apubliclibrary,acoffeeshop,amovietheateroramall,”saysPaulSchramm.____19____●Don’twanttoforgetwhereyouparkedyourcar?Slowdownandfocusonwhatyouwanttoremember,saysneuroscientistLisaGenova.____20____“Thefirstnecessaryingredientincreatingalonger-lastingmemoryisattention.Weneedthatinput—otherwisethatmemorydoesn’tgetmade.”Soifyoucan’tfindyourparkingspot,youprobablyweren’tpayingattentiontoitinthefirstplace.A.Whenpeoplecomplainabouthavingmemoryproblems,they’reoftenhavingfocusproblems.B.Thatcouldbethebigeurekamoment.C.Youshouldhaveyourphonenearbyincaseyouneedtocall911.D.Electricfansarenotenough—theywilljustmovearoundhotair.E.Ifyouwanttoprotectyourhomeandlovedones,positionyourgasorcharcoalgrillinanopenenvironment.F.Ifyouneedabreakthroughatwork,movetoadifferentlocation.G.Don’ttrytoactuallyfixtheproblem,though.【答案】16.F17.B18.G19.D20.A【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要就如何提高記憶力和改善睡眠提出了有科學(xué)依據(jù)的策略?!?6題詳析】根據(jù)后文“Onestudyfoundthatchangingyourenvironmentinaverysimpleway,likegettingoutofyourofficetoworkinthekitchenorgoforawalk,contributestoyourcreativity.(一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn),以一種非常簡(jiǎn)單的方式改變你的環(huán)境,比如離開(kāi)辦公室去廚房工作或出去散步,有助于你的創(chuàng)造力)”可知,后文的發(fā)現(xiàn)表明換一個(gè)環(huán)境有助于增加工作創(chuàng)造力,F(xiàn)選項(xiàng)中movetoadifferentlocation對(duì)應(yīng)后文changingyourenvironment。故F選項(xiàng)“如果你在工作上需要突破,那就換一個(gè)地方”符合語(yǔ)境,故選F?!?7題詳析】根據(jù)上文“Now,thecreativityboostthatyougetfromsimplychangingyourenvironmentlastsforonlyaboutsixminutes.However,thosesixminutescouldbequiteimportant.(現(xiàn)在,你從簡(jiǎn)單地改變你的環(huán)境中獲得的創(chuàng)造力提升只持續(xù)大約六分鐘。然而,這六分鐘可能非常重要)”可知,上文提到了六分鐘非常重要,本句承接上文,說(shuō)明其重要的原因。故B選項(xiàng)“那可能是一個(gè)重大的頓悟時(shí)刻”符合語(yǔ)境,故選B。【18題詳析】根據(jù)上文“Ifyouhaveatononyourmindasyou’retryingtofallasleep,quietthechatterbywritingato-dolist.Writeouteachissueortaskandaspecificnextstepthatyouwilltaketomorrowtoaddressit,saysAllisonHarvey.(如果你想入睡的時(shí)候腦子里有很多事情,那就寫(xiě)一張待辦事項(xiàng)清單,讓你的思緒安靜下來(lái)。寫(xiě)下每個(gè)問(wèn)題或任務(wù),以及你明天要采取的具體步驟,艾莉森·哈維說(shuō))”以及后文“Oncepeoplegetintoproblem-solving,thatbecomesarousing.(一旦人們開(kāi)始解決問(wèn)題,這就會(huì)變得令人興奮)”可知,上文建議睡前寫(xiě)清單,后文提到開(kāi)始解決問(wèn)題會(huì)變得興奮,即難以入睡,說(shuō)明只是列出問(wèn)題,不要解決問(wèn)題。故G選項(xiàng)“不過(guò),不要試圖真正解決問(wèn)題”符合語(yǔ)境,故選G?!?9題詳析】根據(jù)上文“●Ifthetemperatureisinthehigh90sandyoudon’thaveairconditioningathome,gotoacoolingcenter.“Thatmightbesomethinglikeacommunitycenter,apubliclibrary,acoffeeshop,amovietheateroramall,”saysPaulSchramm.(●如果溫度在90華氏度以上,而你家里沒(méi)有空調(diào),那就去降溫中心。施拉姆說(shuō):“這可能是社區(qū)中心、公共圖書(shū)館、咖啡店、電影院或商場(chǎng)之類(lèi)的地方?!?”可知,上文提到了去降溫中心,推測(cè)本句與降溫的其他方式相關(guān),故D選項(xiàng)“電風(fēng)扇是不夠的——它們只會(huì)移動(dòng)熱空氣”符合語(yǔ)境,故選D。【20題詳析】根據(jù)上文“●Don’twanttoforgetwhereyouparkedyourcar?Slowdownandfocusonwhatyouwanttoremember,saysneuroscientistLisaGenova.(●不想忘記把車(chē)停在哪里?慢下來(lái),把注意力集中在你想記住的東西上,神經(jīng)學(xué)家麗莎·熱那亞說(shuō))”可知,上文給出的建議是集中注意力,推測(cè)本句是在說(shuō)明記不住事情與注意力有關(guān)系。故A選項(xiàng)“當(dāng)人們抱怨自己有記憶問(wèn)題時(shí),他們通常是有注意力問(wèn)題”符合語(yǔ)境,故選A。第三部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié),滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分,滿分15分)It’soneofthosethingsthatwedon’tseecomingandthatmakelifesoveryinteresting.Theotherday,Iwassortingoutthecontentsofanuntidycupboardand____21____thethingsmywifeandIhadaccumulatedovertheyearswhenI____22____afilefolderhiddenawayinabackcorner.InsideIfoundthemanuscript(手稿)fora/an____23____.Itwaswritten,tomy____24____,bymyfather,aprofessionalwriter.Ihaveveryfondmemoriesofmyfatherbuttheyarealso____25____memories.MyfatherdiedwhenIwasjustpartwaythroughmyteenageyears____26____,ithas____27____methroughmyyearsofeducation,severaljobs,amarriage,thebirthsofmychildrenandgrandchildren,retirementandevenarelocationrightacrossthehugecountrywhereIlive,but____28____Ineverrealizeditexisted.Yetthereitwas,restingunderapileof,asit____29____,non-essentialsdestinedtoberecycled.IfIhadn’tbeenpayingattention,Imighthavethrownitout.Iwastrulyshakenbymy____30____.Mydad’snovelnowwaitsformeto____31____anotherbookI’minthemiddleofreadingbutithasaplaceonmybed-sidetablewhereI____32____iteveryday.IwanttohavesomecleartimebeforeIhavethetimeandfocustogiveittheattentionit____33____soIhaven’tevencloselyexaminedityet.AsyetIdon’tknowwhatthestorylineisaboutandIdon’tevenknowifitiscompletebutIanticipatebothahighlyinterestingandemotional____34____offindingout.Ifinditfascinatingtothinkthatthiscouldhappen;thataftermorethanfiftyyearsmyfathercould____35____forwardovertheyearsandthroughthemistsoftimetotouchhisonlyson.21.A.removing B.changing C.appreciating D.fixing22.A.polishedup B.cameacross C.concentratedon D.trippedover23.A.play B.novel C.essay D.autobiography24.A.satisfaction B.despair C.delight D.amazement25.A.vivid B.bitter-sweet C.lasting D.distant26.A.Consequently B.Accidentally C.Obviously D.Fortunately27.A.followed B.possessed C.confused D.supported28.A.anyhow B.anywhere C.somehow D.somewhere29.A.cameout B.turnedout C.broughtout D.workedout30.A.arrival B.discovery C.analysis D.intention31.A.finish B.reject C.publish D.select32.A.read B.review C.see D.monitor33.A.escapes B.draws C.arrests D.deserves34.A.process B.pursuit C.obligation D.objective35.A.reach B.put C.pay D.look【答案】21.A22.B23.B24.D25.D26.C27.A28.C29.B30.B31.A32.C33.D34.A35.A【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者在整理櫥柜時(shí)意外發(fā)現(xiàn)了父親的小說(shuō)手稿,帶給了作者一些感悟和體會(huì)。【21題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意:前幾天,我正在整理一個(gè)凌亂的櫥柜里的東西,把我和妻子多年來(lái)積攢的東西搬出來(lái),突然發(fā)現(xiàn)一個(gè)文件夾藏在角落里。A.removing去除;B.changing改變;C.appreciating感激;D.fixing修理。根據(jù)后文“thethingsmywifeandIhadaccumulatedovertheyears”可知,整理櫥柜是為把多年來(lái)積攢的東西搬出來(lái),故選A。【22題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意:前幾天,我正在整理一個(gè)凌亂的櫥柜里的東西,把我和妻子多年來(lái)積攢的東西搬出來(lái),突然發(fā)現(xiàn)一個(gè)文件夾藏在角落里。A.polishedup拋光;B.cameacross意外發(fā)現(xiàn),偶遇;C.concentratedon集中于;D.trippedover絆倒。根據(jù)后文“afilefolderhiddenawayinabackcorner”指作者意外發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個(gè)文件夾。故選B?!?3題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意:我在里面發(fā)現(xiàn)了一本小說(shuō)的手稿。A.play戲??;B.novel小說(shuō);C.essay論文;D.autobiography自傳。根據(jù)后文“Mydad’snovel”可知,作者發(fā)現(xiàn)了小說(shuō)手稿。故選B?!?4題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意:令我吃驚的是,這是我父親寫(xiě)的,他是一名職業(yè)作家。A.satisfaction滿意;B.despair絕望;C.delight高興;D.amazement驚訝。根據(jù)后文“MyfatherdiedwhenIwasjustpartwaythroughmyteenageyears(我父親去世的時(shí)候,我才十幾歲)”可知,作者對(duì)于父親的記憶太過(guò)久遠(yuǎn),如今發(fā)現(xiàn)了他的手稿感到驚訝。故選D?!?5題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意:我對(duì)父親有非常美好的回憶,但它們也是遙遠(yuǎn)的回憶。A.vivid生動(dòng)的;B.bitter-sweet苦樂(lè)參半的;C.lasting持久的;D.distant遙遠(yuǎn)的。根據(jù)后文“MyfatherdiedwhenIwasjustpartwaythroughmyteenageyears(我父親去世的時(shí)候,我才
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