第二節(jié)形容詞和副詞考點(diǎn)1形容詞和副詞的用法1.形容詞用法：修飾名詞作定語(yǔ)；跟在系動(dòng)詞后作表語(yǔ)；跟在賓語(yǔ)后作賓補(bǔ)；還可用作狀語(yǔ)。Havingbeenpraisedbytheteacher，thelittlegirlranbackhome，happyandsatisfied.被老師表?yè)P(yáng)之后，這個(gè)小女孩跑回了家，既開心又滿足。2.副詞用法：修飾動(dòng)詞；修飾形容詞或副詞；單獨(dú)作狀語(yǔ)。Hewalkedhomeslowlywhiletalkingtohimselfandkeptpuzzlingoverwhythetrainhadn’twaitedforhimfortwomoreminutes.他一邊自言自語(yǔ)，一邊慢慢地走回家，老是不明白為什么火車不肯再等他兩分鐘?！久麕熤附颉坑行└痹~如fortunately,luckily,surprisingly,honestly,actually,personally等作評(píng)注性狀語(yǔ)時(shí)往往修飾整個(gè)句子，對(duì)整個(gè)句子進(jìn)行說(shuō)明或解釋，表示說(shuō)話人的態(tài)度與看法。通常位于句首，常用逗號(hào)與句子分開。Surprisingly,nooneintheclasscouldworkouttheproblem.令人驚訝的是，班里沒人能解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題。考點(diǎn)2形容詞變副詞的規(guī)則類別例詞直接加－lyclear→clearly清楚地great→greatly很，大大地以“輔音字母＋－y”結(jié)尾的形容詞，變y為i再加－lyhappy→happily高興地heavy→heavily沉重地詞尾為－ble/－le的形容詞，去掉e，再加－y(whole例外)terrible→terribly極度地gentle→gently輕柔地詞尾為－ue的形容詞，去掉e，再加－lytrue→truly真實(shí)地詞尾為－ll的形容詞，直接加－yfull→fully充分地；完全地dull→dully遲鈍地詞尾為－ic的形容詞，加－ally(public例外)basic→basically基本上scientific→scientifically合乎科學(xué)地考點(diǎn)3形容詞和副詞的比較等級(jí)1.比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的構(gòu)成(1)規(guī)則變化①單音節(jié)以及少數(shù)雙音節(jié)形容詞和副詞，在原級(jí)后加－er，－est構(gòu)成，如clever—cleverer—cleverest。其他特殊變化見下表：特殊情況構(gòu)成方法例詞以不發(fā)音的字母－e結(jié)尾加－r和－stbrave—braver—bravest以“輔音字母＋－y”結(jié)尾變y為i，再加－er和－esthappy—happier—happiest以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，且詞尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母雙寫詞尾，再加－er和－esthot—hotter—hottest②多音節(jié)和部分雙音節(jié)形容詞和副詞，在原級(jí)前加more和most構(gòu)成。active—moreactive—mostactivehappily—morehappily—mosthappily【名師指津】①有少數(shù)幾個(gè)雙音節(jié)形容詞，既可以加－er和－est，又可以加more和most構(gòu)成比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)。這些雙音節(jié)詞是：common,handsome,quiet,pleasant,cruel,stupid,tired和以－ow，－er結(jié)尾的詞。②有些形容詞沒有程度可分或形容詞本身就表示某種程度，因此沒有比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)。這類形容詞有：right，wrong，excellent，possible，empty，first，wooden，final，east，last等。(2)不規(guī)則變化原級(jí)比較級(jí)最高級(jí)good,wellbetterbestbad,willworseWorstmany,muchMoremostlittlelessLeastfarfarther(指時(shí)間或空間上“更遠(yuǎn)的”)·further(指空間距離“更遠(yuǎn)的”；在更大程度上)·farthest(指時(shí)間或空間上“最久的；最遠(yuǎn)的”)·furthest(指空間距離“最遠(yuǎn)的”；在最大程度上)oldOlder/elderOldest/eldest2.等級(jí)用法的固定句型(1)同級(jí)比較：“as＋形容詞/副詞的原級(jí)＋as”，其否定形式是“notas/so＋形容詞/副詞的原級(jí)＋as”。(2)比較級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)：“形容詞/副詞的比較級(jí)＋than”；“more/less＋多音節(jié)或某些雙音節(jié)的形容詞或副詞＋than”。常見的修飾比較級(jí)的詞有any,much,even,far,byfar,alot,agreatdeal等。ThebookisfarmoreinterestingthanthebooksIhaveeverread.這本書比我讀過(guò)的書有趣得多。(3)最高級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)：“the＋形容詞的最高級(jí)(＋名詞)＋比較范圍(in/of/among短語(yǔ))”；“oneofthe＋形容詞的最高級(jí)＋名詞復(fù)數(shù)”。常用來(lái)修飾最高級(jí)的詞有byfar,almost以及序數(shù)詞等。Raymond’sparentswantedhimtohavethebestpossibleeducation.雷蒙德的父母想讓他接受最好的教育。3.比較級(jí)的常用句型(1)“比較級(jí)＋and＋比較級(jí)”或“moreandmore/lessandless＋原級(jí)”表示“越來(lái)越……”。Holidayflightticketsaregettinglessandlessexpensive.假期的機(jī)票越來(lái)越便宜了。(2)“the＋比較級(jí)＋主語(yǔ)＋謂語(yǔ)，the＋比較級(jí)＋主語(yǔ)＋謂語(yǔ)”，表示“越……就越……”。Themoreyoulistenandread,thebetteryouwriteandspeak.你聽和讀得越多，你的寫作和口語(yǔ)就越好。(3)“the＋比較級(jí)＋of(the)＋名詞/代詞”，表示“(兩者中)較……的”。Ofthetwocameras,Iwouldpreferthesmallerone,whichisveryeasyformetocarry.這兩個(gè)照相機(jī)中，我喜歡較小的那個(gè)，它很容易攜帶。4.比較級(jí)表達(dá)最高級(jí)含義(1)“否定詞＋比較級(jí)”或“否定詞＋such/so...as”結(jié)構(gòu)表示最高級(jí)含義。Yourstoryisperfect;I’veneverheardabetteronebefore.你的故事太完美了；我從來(lái)沒有聽過(guò)比這更好聽的故事。(2)比較級(jí)在以下幾種結(jié)構(gòu)中均表示最高級(jí)含義：①比較級(jí)＋than＋anyother＋單數(shù)名詞②比較級(jí)＋than＋alltheother＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞③比較級(jí)＋than＋anyoftheother＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞TheYangtzeRiverislongerthananyotherriver/thanalltheotherrivers/thananyoftheotherriversinChina.長(zhǎng)江比中國(guó)的其他任何一條河都長(zhǎng)。/長(zhǎng)江是中國(guó)最長(zhǎng)的河。5.倍數(shù)表達(dá)法常見的倍數(shù)表達(dá)法句型主要有：(1)A＋is＋倍數(shù)＋比較級(jí)＋than＋B(2)A＋is＋倍數(shù)＋as＋原級(jí)＋as＋B(3)A＋is＋倍數(shù)＋the＋名詞(size，length，height等)＋of＋B(4)the＋名詞(size，length，height等)＋of＋A＋is＋倍數(shù)＋that＋of＋B(5)A＋is＋倍數(shù)＋what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句Smokingisharmfultopeople’shealth,killingseventimesmorepeopleeachyearthantrafficaccidents.吸煙有害健康，每年因抽煙而喪命的人比死于交通事故的人多7倍。單句語(yǔ)法填空1.(2022·江淮十校聯(lián)考)ForthosewhohaveseenWarforthePlanetoftheApes,it’seasytocometothisconclusion—themovieisn’taboutwarortheplanet,andit’snotnecessarily(necessary)evenabouttheapes.Themovieisaboutsurvival(survive)andthechoicesweallmakewhenonewantstosurvive,goodorbad.2.(2022·大同一中模擬)However，theprojectisabigchallengeline,withtenstationssituatedalongitsroute,startingfromBeijingNorthRailwayStation,headingwestthroughtheGreatWall,threetimesthelength(long)ofthecapital’sterritory.3.(2022·長(zhǎng)春二模)HaveyoueverbeentoaMichelinrestaurant?Formostchefs,there’snobigger(big)honorthanhavingyourrestaurantawardedaMichelinstar,letalonethree.4.(2022·江西五市八校聯(lián)考)ThefirstpartoftheunderwatertunnelfortheHongKong－Zhuhai－MacaoBridgewassuccessfully(success)completedonOct8,2016.Knownas“oneofthesevenmodernwondersintheworld”，itistheworld’slongest(long)bridgecurrentlybeingconstructed.5.(2022·焦作四模)However,somestudiessuggestthatnoisemaybringabouthearingloss.Thestressfromhumannoisemightalsoaffecttheimmunesystem—ananimal’snatural(nature)defensesystem.【規(guī)律方法】1.根據(jù)句子成分判斷是形容詞還是副詞(1)若句子缺定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或補(bǔ)語(yǔ)，要首先想到用形容詞。(2)當(dāng)設(shè)空處作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，要首先考慮填副詞?！镜淅縏heriverwassopollutedthatit________(actual)caughtfireandburned.解析此處修飾動(dòng)詞caught，在句中作狀語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用副詞形式。答案actually【典例】Readinghistoryisan________(amaze)experiencebecauseitenablesustoreflectonthesocialandeconomiclifeofthepeoplelivinglongtimeago.解析此處修飾名詞experience，在句中作定語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用形容詞形式。答案amazing2.看到與than連用，要想到用比較級(jí)【典例】Finally，thathardworkpaidoffandnowthewaterintheriveris________(clean)thanever.解析根據(jù)后面的than可知，此處要用比較級(jí)，因此要用cleaner。答案cleaner【典例】Afterafewmonths，weallfeltthatwehadbeenabletobuildmuch________(strong)relationshipswiththefamilythanwehadbefore.解析根據(jù)句中的比較級(jí)標(biāo)志詞than可知，本句應(yīng)用比較級(jí)，表示幾個(gè)月后的情況與之前的情況進(jìn)行比較，much用于修飾比較級(jí)。答案stronger3.看到and，but，or等連詞前或后用的比較等級(jí)形式，要想到用比較等級(jí)【典例】Theywerealsothebestand________(bad)yearsinmylife.(全國(guó)卷Ⅲ)解析由并列連詞and前面的“thebest”可知，此處應(yīng)用形容詞的最高級(jí)形式。答案worst4.看到語(yǔ)境中暗含的比較含義，要想到用比較級(jí)(二者之間)或最高級(jí)(三者及以上)【典例】Afterourplanelanded，wewenttothehotel.Wehadmadeourreservationsixmonths________(early)，butthemanatthefrontdesksaidtherehadbeenamistake.解析由hadmade可知該動(dòng)作發(fā)生在到達(dá)旅館之前，故應(yīng)該是早在六個(gè)月之前我們就已經(jīng)預(yù)訂了，故用比較級(jí)earlier。答案earlier5.看到下列固定搭配，要想到用比較等級(jí)(1)the＋比較級(jí)...，the＋比較級(jí)...【典例】The________(hard)youtrytobeathim，themorelikelyyouwillgethit.解析分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此句為“the＋比較級(jí)...，the＋比較級(jí)...”句式，表示“越……，就越……”。故填harder。答案harder(2)the＋最高級(jí)＋標(biāo)志性詞語(yǔ)或從句【典例】Mymummakesthe______(good)biscuitsintheworld，soIdecidedtoaskherforhelp.解析此處前面有the，后面有表示范圍的“intheworld”，所以應(yīng)該用形容詞的最高級(jí)。答案best【分層演練】■層級(jí)一模擬達(dá)標(biāo)練單句語(yǔ)法填空/單句改錯(cuò)1.(2022·廣州一模)People’spersonalmemories,oncestoredintheirsmartphonesandotherhandhelddevices,willtaketheroundshapeofanOlympicmedal,oneofthemostpreciousprizes(prize)insport.2.(2022·綿陽(yáng)三診)“Honestly(honest)，thatisthepicturethatcatchesthismadness，”onepersonresponded.3.(2022·焦作四模)Thenoisecomesfromshippingtraffic,motorizedfishingships,underwateroilandgasexploration，offshoreconstruction(construct)，andothernoisyhumanactivity.4.(2022·攀枝花二模)Aquick－thinkingbystanderselflesslyleaptdowntopullhimtosafety(safe).5.(2022·安慶二模)Inthestudy,GBSwasusedtoprovideahighly(high)efficientwayofdemonstratingquantumcomputationalspeedupinsolvingsometasks.6.(2022·蚌埠三模)Giventhattechnologybringsconvenience(convenient)tosocietyinmanywaysandhasbecomewidespread,suchastheuseofscannedcodesforpayment,entrancetobuildingsandregistration,seniorswhoarenottech－savvy(精通科技)facegrowingdifficultyindailylife.7.(2022·成都一診)ThedocumentarycomparedDutoShakespearetohelpaudiencesbetter__(well)understandthepoet’sgreatachievementsinliterature.8.(2022·廈門外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)校模擬)Thereareplentyoftheories(theory)behindthenamesowe’vebrokenthemdown.Theearliest(early)mentionwasinthe1830swherea“ChristmasBox”wasthenameforaChristmaspresent.9.(2022·佛山二模)China’sfastdevelopmentislikelytomaketheadjustmentmorecomfortable(comfort)formostnewarrivals.10.(2022·池州二模)Itiswidely(wide)recognizedthatthiskindofclothinglaterhadagreatinfluenceonthetraditionalclothinginmanyAsiancountriessuchastheKimonoinJapanandHanbokinKorea.11.(2022·山西四校聯(lián)考)Whenhelookedup,hesuddenlyfoundhimselfsurroundedbyagroupofteenagers,wholookedathimanxious.anxious→anxiously12.(2022·遼寧六校期末聯(lián)考)Yourstoryiswonderful;I’veneverheardagoodonebefore.good→better13.(2022·湖南邵陽(yáng)第二次聯(lián)考)Tomakemattersbad,nowIhavetosharearoomwithmyyoungersister,Maggie.bad→worse14.(2022·哈師大附中一模)Therearebranchlibraryinmanyvillagestoimprovepeople’sreadinglevel.library→libraries15.(2022·四川綿陽(yáng)二診)Youshouldfollowthedoctor’sadvicesandgiveupsmoking.advices→advice■層級(jí)二高考真題練Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空1.(2021·全國(guó)乙卷)Providefinancial(finance)aidandotherbenefitsforlocalpeoples.2.(2021·全國(guó)乙卷)Activities(activity)thererangefromwhalewatchingtohiking(遠(yuǎn)足)andaccommodationsaimtohavealowimpactonthenaturalenvironment.3.(2021·新高考卷Ⅰ)Therollingseaofcloudsyouseeonceyouareatthetopwillremindyouhowtinywehumans(human)are.4.(2021·新高考卷Ⅰ)Thehotspringatthefootofthemountainissomethingyoumusttryaftertheclimb.Itwillundoubtedly(undoubted)helpyougetrefreshed!Theamazingthingaboutthespringisthatthecolderthetemperaturegets,thehotter(hot)thespring!Strange,isn’tit?Butthat’shownatureis—alwaysleavingusastonished(astonish).5.(2021·全國(guó)甲卷)Afterspendingsometimelookingatallthedefensiveequipmentatthewall,wedecideditwastimeforsomeactionandwhatbetter(good)thantorideonapieceofhistory!6.(2021·全國(guó)甲卷)Supposedlyyoucandoitintwohours,butwestoppedatthedifferentgatesandwatchtowers(watchtower)totakepicturesorjusttowatchthelocalpeoplegoingabouttheirdaily(day)routines.7.(2021·浙江卷)In1844theyboughtitfor$1，200andsomelandfromCharlesDresser,whoperformedtheirmarriage(marry)ceremonyin1842.8.(2021·浙江卷)Whenthehousewasbuilt,itwasmuchsmaller(small)thanitistoday.9.(2020·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)NextIbroketheeggsintoabowlandbeatthemquicklywithchopsticks(chopstick).10.(2020·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ)Onedaytheemperorwantedtogethisportrait(畫像)donesohecalledallgreatartiststocomeandpresenttheirfinest(fine)work,sothathecouldchoosethebest.Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò)1.(2021·全國(guó)乙卷)Ilovedoinghousework.Ialwaysassistmyparentsindoingthedishaftermeals.dish→dishes2.(2021·全國(guó)甲卷)Manystudentssaytheywilltalktotheirfriendorclassmatesbecausethey’reofthesameageandcanunderstandeachother.friend→friends3.(2021·全國(guó)乙卷)What’tmore，doinghouseworkcanbeaformofmentallyrelaxationfromstudy.mentally→mental4.(2020·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)I’msurelyyou’llhaveagoodtime.surely→sure5.(2019·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)Allthefootballplayerontheplaygroundcheeredloudly,sayingthatIhadatalentforfootball.player→players6.(2019·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)Ibecameinterestinginplayingfootballthankstoasmalleresting→interested7.(2019·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)Istoppedtheballandkickedithardlybacktotheplayground.hardly→hard8.(2019·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)First,Iwantedtobeafireman,whoseuniformlookedsocoolly.coolly→cool9.(全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)WhenIwaslittle，F(xiàn)riday’snightwasourfamilygamenight.Friday’s→Friday10.(全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)Besides,theyoftengetsomeusefulinformationsfromtheIrmations→information■層級(jí)三語(yǔ)篇提能練Ⅰ.語(yǔ)法填空Inrecentyears,trampolining(蹦床)hasgainedgreat1.________________(popular)amongChineseyouths.Shortvideosshowingpeople’sexcitementaboutjumpingbackandforthonthecolourfultrampolinesare2.________________(regular)uploadedtosocialmedia.Mostvideosfeatureteenagers,butadultstoohavejumpedonthetrend,hopingtorelivetheirchildhood.Comparedwithsoccer,basketball,tennisoranyother3.________________(compete)sports,wherevariousinjuriesoccurfromtimetotime,trampoliningisrelatively4.________________(safe).However,preparationandsafetyalwayscomefirst.Youmustdowarm－up5.________________(exercise)beforeplayingandyoucan’tloseconcentrationduringthemovements.答案1.popularity[考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。設(shè)空處在句中作gained的賓語(yǔ)，且設(shè)空前有形容詞great，故該空填名詞popularity。gaingreatpopularity“大受歡迎”。]2.regularly[考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。設(shè)空處在句中作狀語(yǔ)，修飾uploaded，應(yīng)用副詞，填regularly。]3.competitive[考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。設(shè)空處在句中作定語(yǔ)修飾名詞sports,表“競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性強(qiáng)的”，應(yīng)用形容詞，故填competitive。]4.safer[考查比較等級(jí)。由語(yǔ)境可知，此處指蹦床與足球、籃球、網(wǎng)球或任何其他經(jīng)常發(fā)生各種傷害的競(jìng)技運(yùn)動(dòng)相比，相對(duì)更安全，故此處用形容詞比較級(jí)。故填safer。]5.exercises[考查名詞的數(shù)。exercise此時(shí)是可數(shù)名詞，意為“訓(xùn)練活動(dòng)”，設(shè)空前無(wú)表“一”的限定詞，故exercise應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。]Ⅱ.短文改錯(cuò)Hello，everyone！I’mTony.WhenIamyoung，IlivedonafarmandIgotupat6o’clockeverymorning.Therewasanumberofanimalsonthefarm，suchashens，cowsandsheeps.SometimesIhelpedmyparentsfeedit.Thefarmwasnotfarfrommyschool.Iregularrodemybiketosch