青海2025自考[行政管理]英語（二）簡答題專練題型一：行政管理英語術(shù)語解釋（共3題，每題5分）1.Explaintheterm"publicadministration"inyourownwords,highlightingitskeycharacteristics.（解釋“公共行政”這一術(shù)語，并強調(diào)其關(guān)鍵特征。）2.Define"policy-making"inpublicadministrationanddiscussitsimportanceingovernance.（定義公共行政中的“政策制定”，并討論其在治理中的重要性。）3.Whatdoes"bureaucracy"meaninthecontextofpublicadministration?Describeitsmainfeatures.（在公共行政的背景下，什么是“官僚制”？描述其主要特征。）題型二：行政管理情境應(yīng)用（共4題，每題7分）4.AlocalgovernmentinQinghaiisimplementinganewenvironmentalprotectionpolicy.Asanadministrativeofficer,howwouldyoucommunicatethispolicytothepubliceffectively?（青海省某地方政府正在實施一項新的環(huán)境保護政策。作為一名行政官員，你會如何有效向公眾傳達(dá)這項政策？）5.ImagineyouareworkingintheQinghaiProvincialCivilAffairsDepartment.Describehowyouwouldhandleaconflictbetweentwocommunityorganizations.（假設(shè)你正在青海省民政部門工作。描述你將如何處理兩個社區(qū)組織之間的沖突。）6.ThegovernmentofQinghaiispromotingdigitalgovernance.Explainthebenefitsandchallengesofusingtechnologyinpublicadministration.（青海省政府正在推廣數(shù)字化治理。解釋在公共行政中使用技術(shù)的益處和挑戰(zhàn)。）7.AforeignaidprojectisbeingintroducedinQinghaitoimproveruraleducation.Discusstheroleofadministrativecoordinationinensuringtheproject’ssuccess.（一項外國援助項目正在青海引入，以改善農(nóng)村教育。討論行政協(xié)調(diào)在確保項目成功中的作用。）題型三：行政管理案例分析（共3題，每題8分）8.ThegrasslandareasinQinghaifacechallengessuchasovergrazingandecologicaldegradation.Howcanpublicadministrationplayaroleinaddressingtheseissuessustainably?（青海的草原地區(qū)面臨過度放牧和生態(tài)退化的挑戰(zhàn)。公共行政如何可持續(xù)地解決這些問題？）9.TheQinghaiProvincialTourismBureauisplanningtodevelopnewtourismpoliciestoattractmorevisitorswhilepreservinglocalculture.Whatmeasuresshouldbetakeninthepolicy-makingprocess?（青海省旅游局計劃制定新的旅游政策，以吸引更多游客的同時保護當(dāng)?shù)匚幕?。政策制定過程中應(yīng)采取哪些措施？）10.AruralcommunityinQinghaiisstrugglingwithwaterscarcity.Analyzetheroleofadministrativeleadershipinresolvingthisissuethroughcommunityparticipation.（青海某農(nóng)村社區(qū)正面臨水資源短缺問題。分析行政領(lǐng)導(dǎo)通過社區(qū)參與解決這一問題的作用。）題型四：行政管理理論探討（共3題，每題8分）11.Discusstheconceptof"goodgovernance"inthecontextofpublicadministrationinChina,particularlyinQinghai.Whatarethekeyelementsofgoodgovernance?（在中國公共行政的背景下，特別是青海，討論“良好治理”的概念。良好治理的關(guān)鍵要素是什么？）12.Compareandcontrast"publicservicemotivation"and"civilservicebureaucracy"inthefieldofpublicadministration.HowdoesthisrelatetotheworkofadministrativeofficersinQinghai?（比較和對比公共行政領(lǐng)域的“公共服務(wù)動機”和“公務(wù)員官僚制”。這與青海行政官員的工作有何關(guān)系？）13.Explaintheimportanceof"accountability"inpublicadministration.ProvideexamplesofhowaccountabilitycanbestrengthenedintheQinghaigovernment.（解釋公共行政中“問責(zé)制”的重要性。舉例說明如何在青海政府中加強問責(zé)制。）題型五：行政管理實踐問題解決（共3題，每題8分）14.ManyruralareasinQinghailackadequateinfrastructure.Asanadministrativeofficial,proposethreepracticalsolutionstoimproveinfrastructurewhileconsideringlocaleconomicconditions.（青海許多農(nóng)村地區(qū)缺乏基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施。作為一名行政官員，提出三種在實際改善基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的同時考慮當(dāng)?shù)亟?jīng)濟條件的解決方案。）15.TheQinghaigovernmentisworkingtoreducepovertyinethnicminorityareas.Discusstheroleoftargetedpoliciesinachievingthisgoal.（青海政府正在努力減少少數(shù)民族地區(qū)的貧困。討論有針對性的政策在實現(xiàn)這一目標(biāo)中的作用。）16.Publicparticipationiscrucialinpolicy-making,butitcanalsobechallengingtomanage.HowcantheQinghaigovernmentbalancetheneedforpublicinputwiththeefficiencyofdecision-making?（公眾參與在政策制定中至關(guān)重要，但它也可能難以管理。青海政府如何平衡公眾意見的需求與決策效率？）答案與解析題型一：行政管理英語術(shù)語解釋1.PublicAdministrationAnswer:Publicadministrationreferstotheimplementationandenforcementofgovernmentpolicies.Itinvolvesmanagingpublicresources,deliveringservices,andensuringaccountability.Keycharacteristicsincludebureaucracy,ruleoflaw,andserviceorientation.InQinghai,publicadministrationplaysavitalroleingrasslandmanagementandruraldevelopment.解析：公共行政是指政府政策的實施和執(zhí)行。它涉及管理公共資源、提供服務(wù)并確保問責(zé)制。關(guān)鍵特征包括官僚制、法治和服務(wù)導(dǎo)向。在青海，公共行政在草原管理和農(nóng)村發(fā)展中發(fā)揮著至關(guān)重要的作用。2.Policy-MakingAnswer:Policy-makingistheprocessofcreating,evaluating,andimplementinggovernmentdecisions.Itincludesstakeholderslikepolicymakers,experts,andthepublic.InQinghai,policy-makingfortourismmustbalanceeconomicgrowthwithculturalpreservation.解析：政策制定是創(chuàng)建、評估和執(zhí)行政府決策的過程。它包括政策制定者、專家和公眾等利益相關(guān)者。在青海，旅游政策的制定必須平衡經(jīng)濟增長與文化遺產(chǎn)保護。3.BureaucracyAnswer:Bureaucracyinpublicadministrationreferstoahierarchicalorganizationalstructurewithrulesandprocedures.Itsfeaturesincludeimpersonality,hierarchy,andspecialization.InQinghai’scivilaffairsdepartment,bureaucracyensuresstandardizedservicedelivery.解析：公共行政中的官僚制是指具有規(guī)則和程序的等級組織結(jié)構(gòu)。其特征包括非人格化、等級制度和專業(yè)化。在青海民政部門，官僚制確保了標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化的服務(wù)交付。題型二：行政管理情境應(yīng)用4.CommunicatingEnvironmentalPolicyAnswer:TocommunicatethenewenvironmentalpolicyinQinghai,Iwouldusemultiplechannels:publicmeetings,localnewspapers,socialmedia,andcommunityflyers.Clearlanguageandvisualswouldbeusedtoexplainbenefitslikecleanerairandwaterconservation.解析：要傳達(dá)青海的新環(huán)保政策，我會使用多種渠道：公共會議、地方報紙、社交媒體和社區(qū)傳單。將使用清晰的語言和視覺元素來解釋如改善空氣質(zhì)量和水資源保護等好處。5.HandlingConflictBetweenOrganizationsAnswer:Iwouldfirstmediateface-to-facetounderstandeachorganization’sconcerns.Then,I’dfacilitateajointmeetingtofindcommonground.Ifneeded,I’dinvolvehigherauthoritiesfromtheCivilAffairsDepartmenttoresolvethedisputefairly.解析：我會首先面對面調(diào)解，了解每個組織的關(guān)切。然后，我會促進(jìn)聯(lián)合會議以尋求共同點。如有必要，我會邀請民政部門的高級官員來公平解決爭端。6.DigitalGovernanceBenefitsandChallengesAnswer:Benefitsincludeefficiency(e.g.,onlineservicesinQinghai’sruralareas)andtransparency.Challengesarehighcosts,digitaldivide,anddatasecurity.Balancingtheserequirescarefulplanningandpubliceducation.解析：益處包括效率（例如青海農(nóng)村地區(qū)的在線服務(wù)）和透明度。挑戰(zhàn)是高昂的成本、數(shù)字鴻溝和數(shù)據(jù)安全。平衡這些需要仔細(xì)規(guī)劃和公眾教育。7.AdministrativeCoordinationinAidProjectsAnswer:Coordinationensuresresourcesareusedeffectively(e.g.,distributingfundsforQinghai’sschools).Itinvolvesregularmeetings,clearroles,andfeedbackloopstoadapttolocalneeds.解析：協(xié)調(diào)確保資源得到有效使用（例如分配給青海學(xué)校的資金）。它涉及定期會議、明確角色和反饋循環(huán)，以適應(yīng)當(dāng)?shù)匦枨?。題型三：行政管理案例分析8.GrasslandManagementinQinghaiAnswer:Publicadministrationcanenforcegrazinglimits,promotesustainablepractices(e.g.,rotationalgrazing),andinvestinecologicalrestoration.Communityinvolvementiskeytolong-termsuccess.解析：公共行政可以執(zhí)行放牧限制、推廣可持續(xù)實踐（如輪牧），并投資生態(tài)修復(fù)。社區(qū)參與對長期成功至關(guān)重要。9.TourismPolicyinQinghaiAnswer:Thepolicy-makingprocessshouldincludelocalelders,culturalexperts,andtourists.Measuresincluderegulatingtourisminfrastructureandpromotingtraditionalcrafts.解析：政策制定過程應(yīng)包括當(dāng)?shù)亻L者、文化專家和游客。措施包括監(jiān)管旅游基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施和推廣傳統(tǒng)手工藝。10.WaterScarcityinRuralQinghaiAnswer:Administrativeleadershipcanorganizecommunityworkshopstoraiseawareness,fundwaterprojects,andcreatewater-sharingagreements.Participationensuressolutionsarelocallyowned.解析：行政領(lǐng)導(dǎo)可以組織社區(qū)研討會以提高意識、資助水利項目并創(chuàng)建水權(quán)共享協(xié)議。參與確保解決方案為當(dāng)?shù)厮鶕碛小ｎ}型四：行政管理理論探討11.GoodGovernanceinQinghaiAnswer:Goodgovernanceinvolvestransparency,fairness,andpublicparticipation.InQinghai,itmeansimprovingethnicminorityservicesandanti-corruptionmeasures.解析：良好治理涉及透明度、公平性和公眾參與。在青海，這意味著改善少數(shù)民族服務(wù)和反腐敗措施。12.PublicServiceMotivationvs.BureaucracyAnswer:Publicservicemotivationfocusesonpassionforservingcitizens,whilebureaucracyemphasizesrules.InQinghai,officerswithmotivationcanadaptbureaucracytobetterservelocalneeds.解析：公共服務(wù)動機強調(diào)為公民服務(wù)的熱情，而官僚制強調(diào)規(guī)則。在青海，有動機的官員可以調(diào)整官僚制以更好地服務(wù)當(dāng)?shù)匦枨蟆?3.AccountabilityinQinghaiGovernmentAnswer:Accountabilityensuresofficialsareresponsibleforactions(e.g.,reportingonpovertyreductiongoals).Streng