寧夏2025自考[環(huán)境設(shè)計(jì)]英語(yǔ)（二）考前沖刺練習(xí)題一、單項(xiàng)選擇題（每題1分，共20分）說(shuō)明：以下每題均有一個(gè)最佳選項(xiàng)。1.TherapidurbanizationinNorthwestChinahasledto______issues,requiringsustainableenvironmentaldesignsolutions.A.severepollutionB.lowpopulationdensityC.abundantnaturalresourcesD.highagriculturalproductivity2.IntraditionalChinesegardens,theconceptof"YinandYang"isoftenreflectedinthedesignof______.A.straightpathsB.curvedwaterfeaturesC.rectangularcourtyardsD.flatroofs3.AgoodenvironmentaldesignprojectinNingxiashouldprioritize______toadapttothearidclimate.A.high-risebuildingsB.greenroofsC.solarpanelsD.water-efficientlandscaping4.Theterm"symbiosis"inenvironmentaldesignrefersto______.A.competitionbetweenspeciesB.mutualbenefitbetweenhumansandnatureC.pollutiontransferD.resourcedepletion5.ThearchitecturalstyleoftheancientcityofYinchuanisbestdescribedas______.A.modernistB.IslamicC.TangDynastyD.QingDynasty6.LEEDcertificationinenvironmentaldesignfocuseson______.A.reducingnoisepollutionB.improvingenergyefficiencyC.increasingconstructioncostsD.minimizinggreenspace7.TheYellowRiver,knownasthe"MotherRiver"ofChina,flowsthrough______provincesinNorthwestChina.A.4B.6C.8D.108.AsustainableurbanparkinNingxiashouldinclude______tomitigateheatislandeffects.A.artificiallakesB.concretepavementsC.vegetationbuffersD.metalbenches9.Theprincipleof"formfollowsfunction"inarchitecturewasmoststronglyadvocatedby______.A.FrankLloydWrightB.LeCorbusierC.LudwigMiesvanderRoheD.ZahaHadid10.TheGreatWallofChinawasprimarilybuiltfor______.A.tourismB.culturalpreservationC.defensepurposesD.tradefacilitation11.Theconceptof"biophilicdesign"emphasizes______.A.reducinghumaninteractionwithnatureB.integratingnaturalelementsintobuiltspacesC.maximizingartificiallightingD.minimizingoutdoorspaces12.Thetraditionalarchitecturaltechniqueof"wattleanddaub"iscommonlyusedin______.A.modernskyscrapersB.ancientruralhousesinNingxiaC.commercialmallsD.industrialfacilities13.Theenvironmentalimpactofconstructionmaterialscanbereducedbyusing______.A.non-renewableresourcesB.locallysourcedmaterialsC.high-emissionconcreteD.syntheticfabrics14.Theterm"microclimate"inenvironmentaldesignrefersto______.A.globaltemperaturepatternsB.localizedweatherconditionsC.atmosphericpressureD.winddirection15.TheancientwaterconservancysystemofHexiCorridorinGansu(aneighboringprovincetoNingxia)isanexampleof______.A.windbreakdesignB.floodcontrolC.irrigationtechnologyD.seismicengineering16.Awell-designedpublicspaceinadesertcitylikeYinchuanshouldprioritize______.A.airconditioningsystemsB.shadedareasC.open-airmarketsD.undergroundparking17.The"Three-NorthShelterbeltProject"inChinaaimstocombatdesertificationbyplanting______.A.treesandshrubsB.grasslandsC.cropsD.rocks18.Theuseofrecycledmaterialsinenvironmentaldesignhelpsto______.A.increaselandfillwasteB.reduceresourceconsumptionC.enhanceconstructioncostsD.promotepollution19.The"spongecity"conceptinvolves______.A.reducingurbanwateruseB.increasingimpermeablesurfacesC.absorbingandutilizingrainwaterD.drainingwaterquickly20.ThearchitecturalstyleoftheNingxiaMuseumisinfluencedby______.A.traditionalTibetandesignB.modernminimalismC.IslamicgeometricpatternsD.Chinesefeudalstructures二、多項(xiàng)選擇題（每題2分，共10分）說(shuō)明：以下每題有多個(gè)正確選項(xiàng)，請(qǐng)選出所有正確答案。1.SustainableurbandesigninNorthwestChinashouldconsider______.A.waterscarcityB.winderosionC.highpopulationdensityD.coldwintersE.solarenergypotential2.TheGreatWallofChinarepresents______.A.architecturalinnovationB.culturalheritageC.militarystrategyD.economicdevelopmentE.environmentaldegradation3.LEEDcertificationbenefitsenvironmentaldesignby______.A.reducingenergyconsumptionB.promotingbiodiversityC.increasingconstructioncostsD.enhancingindoorairqualityE.minimizingwaste4.TraditionalChinesegardensemphasize______.A.symmetryB.harmonywithnatureC.minimalismD.functionalityE.artificiality5.TheYellowRiverbasinfaceschallengessuchas______.A.waterpollutionB.soilerosionC.overpopulationD.droughtE.habitatdestruction三、填空題（每題1分，共10分）說(shuō)明：請(qǐng)根據(jù)語(yǔ)境填寫(xiě)合適的單詞。1.EnvironmentaldesigninaridregionslikeNingxiamustaddresstheissueof______toensurewatersustainability.2.TheancientcityofYinchuanshowcasesablendof______andIslamicarchitecturalstyles.3.Sustainableurbanplanningshouldprioritizetheuseof______materialstoreduceenvironmentalimpact.4.Theconceptof"formfollowsfunction"suggeststhatarchitecturaldesignshouldbeprimarilybasedon______.5.The"Three-NorthShelterbeltProject"aimstocombatdesertificationthroughlarge-scale______planting.6.A"spongecity"usesnaturalsystemsto______andreuserainwaterefficiently.7.Biophilicdesignpromoteshumanwell-beingbyintegrating______elementsintobuiltenvironments.8.TheGreatWallofChinaisasignificantexampleof______engineeringinancientChina.9.TraditionalChinesegardensoftenincorporatetheuseof______tocreateasenseofbalance.10.TheYellowRiverbasinishometodiverseecosystems,including______andgrasslands.四、簡(jiǎn)答題（每題5分，共25分）說(shuō)明：請(qǐng)簡(jiǎn)要回答以下問(wèn)題。1.WhatarethekeychallengesofenvironmentaldesigninNorthwestChina'saridclimate?2.DescribetheroleoftraditionalChinesegardendesigninpromotingharmonywithnature.3.ExplainhowLEEDcertificationcontributestosustainableconstructionpractices.4.Whataretheenvironmentalbenefitsofusingrecycledmaterialsinbuildingprojects?5.DiscusstheimportanceoftheYellowRiverintheecologicalandeconomicdevelopmentofNorthwestChina.五、論述題（每題10分，共20分）說(shuō)明：請(qǐng)結(jié)合實(shí)際案例或理論，深入探討以下問(wèn)題。1.HowcansustainableurbandesigninNingxiaaddressbothenvironmentalandsocialchallenges?Providespecificexamples.2.AnalyzethehistoricalandculturalsignificanceoftheGreatWallofChinaintermsofenvironmentaldesign.答案與解析一、單項(xiàng)選擇題答案與解析1.A-解析：西北地區(qū)城市化快速推進(jìn)導(dǎo)致環(huán)境污染嚴(yán)重，環(huán)境設(shè)計(jì)需解決污染問(wèn)題。2.B-解析：中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)園林中常用曲水體現(xiàn)陰陽(yáng)平衡，符合道家思想。3.B-解析：寧夏干旱，綠色屋頂能隔熱降溫，適合當(dāng)?shù)貧夂颉?.B-解析：共生指人與自然互利共生，符合可持續(xù)設(shè)計(jì)理念。5.D-解析：銀川古建筑以清代風(fēng)格為主，融合伊斯蘭元素。6.B-解析：LEED認(rèn)證強(qiáng)調(diào)節(jié)能，是綠色建筑的重要標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。7.C-解析：黃河流經(jīng)寧夏等8省區(qū)，是西北生態(tài)走廊。8.C-解析：植被緩沖帶能降低熱島效應(yīng)，適合寧夏干旱地區(qū)。9.C-解析：密斯·凡·德羅主張“形式追隨功能”，強(qiáng)調(diào)實(shí)用主義。10.C-解析：長(zhǎng)城主要功能是軍事防御，歷代皆重修。11.B-解析：親生物設(shè)計(jì)強(qiáng)調(diào)自然元素融入建筑，提升舒適度。12.B-解析：寧夏傳統(tǒng)民居常用土坯和草泥，屬此工藝。13.B-解析：本地材料減少運(yùn)輸碳排放，更環(huán)保。14.B-解析：微氣候指局部區(qū)域小氣候特征，如庭院降溫。15.C-解析：河西走廊古代灌溉系統(tǒng)是農(nóng)業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)典范。16.B-解析：銀川夏季炎熱，遮陽(yáng)設(shè)計(jì)是關(guān)鍵。17.A-解析：三北防護(hù)林主要種植梭梭、胡楊等耐旱植物。18.B-解析：回收材料減少資源浪費(fèi)，符合循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)。19.C-解析：海綿城市通過(guò)透水鋪裝收集利用雨水。20.C-解析：寧夏博物館采用伊斯蘭幾何紋樣裝飾。二、多項(xiàng)選擇題答案與解析1.A,B,D,E-解析：西北干旱、風(fēng)蝕、寒冷、太陽(yáng)能豐富，設(shè)計(jì)需考慮這些因素。2.B,C,E-解析：長(zhǎng)城是文化遺產(chǎn)、軍事工程，但過(guò)度開(kāi)發(fā)致生態(tài)破壞。3.A,B,D,E-解析：LEED認(rèn)證節(jié)能、護(hù)生、提升室內(nèi)空氣質(zhì)量、減廢。4.B,C,D-解析：傳統(tǒng)園林強(qiáng)調(diào)天人合一、簡(jiǎn)樸實(shí)用，非完全人工。5.A,B,D,E-解析：黃河流域污染、水土流失