小學(xué)六年級(jí)上學(xué)期期中英語模擬試題測試卷（含答案）一、單項(xiàng)選擇題1．Idon’tlikebuyingclothesonTaobao.WhenIwanttobuyclothes,Ilike______.(

)A．puttingonit B．tryingthemon C．tryingonthem2．Wehadapicnic________NationalDay.(

)A．a(chǎn)t B．for C．on3．—HowdidColingotothesecretgarden?(

)—______A．Onfoot. B．Bywheelchair. C．Bybike.4．Itwasnice_____youremail.(

)A．getting B．toget C．got5．_______nicefireworks!(

)A．What B．Whata C．How6．We'regoingtohavedinnerwithmyparents______ChineseNewYear'sEve.(

)A．on B．a(chǎn)t C．in7．—TheNewYeariscoming.What________you________onNewYear′sDay?(

)—Iwanttogotothelibraryandreadbooksthere.A．a(chǎn)re;goingtodo B．did;go C．a(chǎn)re;doing8．—DoyouknowthestoryofYuGong?(

)—Yes,MissLi______us______himyesterday.A．showed;to B．said;to C．told;about9．Theriverwasdirty.There_______alotofdeadfishinit.(

)A．is B．wasn't C．a(chǎn)re D．were10．Ilike______inthecity.Wouldyoulike______inthecity?(

)A．living;tolive B．living;living C．tolive;living11．Thebooksareontheground.Please______.(

)A．pickitup B．pickupthem C．pickthemup12．—What______thecitydirty?(

)—Smokefromcars______theairdirty.A．make;make B．makes;make C．makes;makes13．EarthDayison______.(

)A．23rdApril B．22ndApril C．22ndJune14．—CanI______afilm?(

)—No.Youmust______booksnow.A．watching;reading B．watching;read C．watch;read15．Where______SuYangandhercousinyesterday?(

)A．was B．were C．did二、用單詞適當(dāng)形式填空16．Therearemany_______(factory)inXuzhou.17．Mybrotheroften______(play)footballattheweekend.18．Theboybehindmeis_______(write)aletter.19．I______(finish)primaryschoolnextyear.20．Childrenarevery________(excite),becauseit’sgoingto________(is)ChineseNewYearnextmonth.21．We_______(buy)somenewclothestomorrowafternoon.22．I______(take)alotofpicturesatthepartynextweek.23．Icanreusetheplasticbottle______(make)atoy.24．Look!Twolittleblackbirds______(sit)onthehill.25．What______(do)thesignmean?26．Helenisvery________(excite)aboutthepresent.27．_______she_______(have)aChineselessontomorrow?28．Mysister_________(notgo)totheBundlastweekend.29．Youshouldn't______(park)herenow.30．Themonkeysarelookingat_______(Bobby)bananas.三、完成句子31．Rubbishmakesthestreets______________(又臟又亂).32．Nancy________(丟失)hernewpencilcaseyesterday.33．______(在大年初一),myfamilyandIusuallywatchaliondance.34．Myfatherlikesw______footballmatcheswithhisfriendsatweekends.3idtheshow______(進(jìn)展順利)?36．Helendidn’tgotoschool_______(昨天).37．—What_____yourparentsusuallydo_____ChineseNewYear'sEve?—Theyusually_____(給我紅包).38．Childrenareverye_______onChildren'sDay.39．Theyaretalkingabouttheirp_______fortheholiday.40．Lilyisac_________girl.Shealwaysgivestheteacheranswersquickly.四、完形填空IntheUS,youoftenfindakind(種)ofcinema.Peoplecall__41___a“Drive-in”cinema.“Drive-in”cinemas__42___verypopular(受歡迎的)inAmerica.Many__43___haveoneortwocinemaslikethis.Peopleneedtogotothecinema__44___intheevening.Theyalsoneedtowatchthe__45___intheircars.Whenthefilmisover,theydrivebackhomeagain.SometimespeopleeatinaDrive-incinema.They__46___somefastfood,andtakeittotheircars.PeopleintheUS__47___fastfoodverymuch.Hamburgersareakindoffastfood.Peoplecan__48___themwhentheyare__49___afilmintheircars.HamburgersarepopularinAustraliaandEngland.Butpeopleinthetwocountriesoften__50___them“Beanburgers”.41、A．they B．it C．them42、A．is B．a(chǎn)re C．a(chǎn)m43、A．cities B．cinemas C．classes44、A．bybike B．bybus C．bycar45、A．game B．TV C．film46、A．buy B．try C．eat47、A．like B．see C．cook48、A．give B．eat C．buy49、A．watch B．watched C．watching50、A．a(chǎn)sk B．talk C．call五、閱讀判斷MikeandhissisterKategotoasupermarketneartheirhouseonSunday.Itopensatnineo'clockinthemorningeveryday.Theyaregoingtobuysomepensandnotes.Whentheyareonthefirstfloor,theyseearobotatthepiano.Heisplayingthepiano.Hisfingersmoveveryfast.Mikeandkatestandthereandlistenforhalfanhour.Thentheygohome.Theyforget(忘記)thepensandnotes.41、MikeandKategotoasupermarketonSaturday.()42、Thesupermarketopensat9o'clockeveryMonday.()43、Therobotisonthesecondfloor.()44、Therobotcanplaythepiano.()45、Theyleavethesupermarketat11:30.()六、閱讀理解Hello,I’mMike.IwenttoHainanwithmyparentsinthewinterholiday.EveryoneaskedustobringsomeT-shirtstoHainan,becauseitwasveryhotinHainan.SowetookmanyT-shirtsandshortswithus.Thiswinter,itwassostrange(奇怪的),theweatherwasnotfine.Itwasalwayscloudyandrainy,itwasverycold.ButweonlyhadT-shirtsandshorts.Wedidn’ttakeonecoatorsweater.Sowestayedintherestaurant.Wewentbackfourdayslater.Wedidn’tvisitanyplacesinHainan.Itwasreallyaterribletrip.51、—WheredidMiketointhewinterholiday?(

)—Hewentto________.A．Beijing B．Hainan C．Xinjiang52、Didtheytakeanysweaters?(

)A．Yes,theydid. B．No,theydidn’t. C．Theyforgot.53、—WhatwastheweatherlikeinHainanthisholiday?(

)—Itwas________.A．good B．hot C．bad54、—WhatdidtheydoinHainan?(

)—They________.A．visitedmanybeautifulplaces B．tookatrip C．stayedintheroom55、—Whatdoes“terrible”mean(意思)?(

)—Itmeans“________”A．verygood B．OK C．verybad七、選擇題44．Jackisalittleboy.Heisonlyfiveyearsold.Oneday,hewenttothecinema.Itwashisfirsttimetodothat.Hewaslate.Heboughtaticketquicklyandranintothecinema.Butaftertwoorthreeminuteshecameout.boughtasecondticketandranintothecinema.AfterafewminuteshecameoutagainandboughtathirdticketTwoorthreeminuteslaterhecameoutandboughtanotherticket.ThenthegirlintheticketofficeaskedJack."Whydoyoubuysomanytickets?Howmanyfriendsdoyoumeet?"Jackanswered,"No,Ihavenofriendshere.Butabigboyalwaysstopsmeatthedoorandtearsmyticket56、Jackisonly________.(

)A．fouryearsold B．fiveyearsold C．threeyearsold57、Itwashis________timetogotothecinema.(

)A．second B．third C．first58、Jackbought________ticketsinall(總共)thatday.(

)A．four B．three C．two59、DoesJackhavemanyfriends?(

)A．Yes,hedoes. B．No,hedoesn’t. C．Yes.hedoesn’t.60、Thebigboyisa________.(

)A．badboy B．cinemaworker C．foolishboy八、選擇題4I’mAmy.MyfriendisTom.Heismyclassmate.Hisfatherisafisherman.Heworksatthesea.Heseeslotsoffisheveryday.Heworksonaboat.Hedoesn’tgotoworkbyboat.Hegoestoworkbybike.Hehashealthylife.Heworkshard.61、AmyisTom’s_________.(

)A．sister B．friend C．cousin62、Tom’s_________isafisherman.(

)A．father B．uncle C．grandpa63、Tom’sfatherworks_________.(

)A．a(chǎn)tthesea B．nearthesea C．ontheplane64、Tom’sfathergoestowork_________(

)A．byboat B．bybike C．onfoot65、Tom’sfatherdoesn’t_________.(

)A．workhard B．stayhealthy C．gotoworkbyboat.九、選擇題4Therearesomanybikes,carsandbusesontheroads,sowemustobeythetrafficrulesallthetime.Childrenunder12cannotridebikesontheroad.Whenweridebikes,weshouldkeepbothhandsonthehandlebars.Weshouldridebikesontherightoftheroadinourcountry.Likedriversofcarsorbuses,wemustfollow(遵守)alltrafficsigns.Allofusknowwemustnotturnleftorgoacrossthestreetataredtrafficlight.Usuallywecanturnright,butweshouldn’tridetoofast.Ifwewanttoturnorstop,wemustgiveasigntoothers.66、Childrenunder________can’tridebikesonthestreet.(

)A．10 B．12 C．14 D．1667、What’sthemeaningoftheunderlinedword“handlebars”?(

)A．方向盤 B．把手 C．車輪 D．手柄68、Weshouldridebikes________theroadinourcountry.(

)A．ontherightof B．ontheleftofC．inthemiddleof D．a(chǎn)tthebackof69、Everyonemust________ifhewantstomakeaturn.(

)A．drivefast B．goacrossthestreetC．giveasigntoothers D．doitataredtrafficlight70、Thepassagetellsusto________.(

)A．obeythetrafficrules B．takebusesandcarsC．ridefastontheroad D．loveourcountry【參考答案】一、單項(xiàng)選擇題解析：B【詳解】句意：我不喜歡在淘寶上買衣服。當(dāng)我想買衣服時(shí)，我喜歡______。puton穿上，tryon試穿，tryon符合題意，代詞放中間，故選B。解析：C【詳解】句意：我們在國慶節(jié)去野餐。NationalDay意思是國慶節(jié)，節(jié)日前面用介詞on，故選C?！军c(diǎn)睛】解析：B【詳解】句意：—科林是怎么去秘密花園的？—______A步行。B坐輪椅。C騎自行車。根據(jù)《秘密花園》一書，可知科林是坐輪椅去秘密花園的，故選B。【點(diǎn)睛】解析：B【詳解】句意：很高興收到你的電子郵件。getting動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞或動(dòng)名詞，toget動(dòng)詞不定式，got動(dòng)詞過去式，benicetodosth很高興做某事，故選B?！军c(diǎn)睛】解析：A【詳解】句意：多么漂亮的煙花啊！根據(jù)感嘆號(hào)和選項(xiàng)，可知本題考查感嘆句，what引導(dǎo)的感嘆句為：What+(a/an)+形容詞+名詞！how引導(dǎo)的感嘆句為：How+形容詞/副詞+(主語+謂語)！fireworks是名詞復(fù)數(shù)，故選A?！军c(diǎn)睛】解析：A【詳解】句意：我們將在農(nóng)歷除夕與父母共進(jìn)晚餐。onChineseNewYear'sEve除夕，固定介詞搭配，故選A?！军c(diǎn)睛】7．A解析：A【詳解】句意：—新年快到了。你_____在新年____什么？—我想要去圖書館并在那讀書。根據(jù)句意可知該句是一般將來時(shí)，begoingtodo結(jié)構(gòu)，故選A?！军c(diǎn)睛】8．C解析：C【詳解】句意：—你知道愚公的故事嗎？—是的，昨天李老師給我們講了有關(guān)他的故事。此題考查固定短語，tellsbaboutsth給某人講述有關(guān)某事，Ashowsthtosb展示給某人看，排除，Bsaytosb對某人說，排除，故選C。9．D解析：D【詳解】句意：這條河很臟。里面有很多死魚。前面說河很臟，可知有很多死魚，排除B；根據(jù)was可知本題考查一般過去時(shí)，橫線處填過去式，were是are的過去式，排除AC。故選D。10．A解析：A【詳解】句意：我喜歡住在這個(gè)城市里。你想要住在這個(gè)城市里嗎？likedoingsth/liketodosth喜歡做某事，wouldliketodosth.想要做某事。故選A。1解析：C【詳解】句意：書在地板上。請把它們撿起來。主語Thebooks是復(fù)數(shù)，后面用代詞them代替，pickup撿起，代詞位于中間。故選C。1解析：C【詳解】句意：—什么使這座城市變臟了？—來自小汽車的煙霧使空氣變臟了。What做主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式；答語中主語Smoke是不可數(shù)名詞，謂語動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。C選項(xiàng)符合，故選C。1解析：B【詳解】句意：地球日在____。A4月23日，B4月22日，C6月22日，根據(jù)常識(shí)可知地球日在4月22日。故選B。1解析：C【詳解】句意：—我可以看電影嗎？—不，你現(xiàn)在必須讀書。看電影watchafilm，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can后的動(dòng)詞用原形；讀書readbooks，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞must后的動(dòng)詞用原形。故選C。1解析：B【詳解】句意：蘇陽和她表妹昨天在哪里？該句時(shí)態(tài)為一般過去時(shí)，主語SuYangandhercousin為復(fù)數(shù)，其對應(yīng)的be應(yīng)用are的過去式were，意為是，故選B。二、用單詞適當(dāng)形式填空16．factories【詳解】句意：在徐州有許多工廠。many修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式，factory的復(fù)數(shù)形式是factories，故答案為factories。17．plays【詳解】句意：我的哥哥/弟弟經(jīng)常在周末踢足球。根據(jù)often經(jīng)常，可知句子為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。主語Mybrother是第三人稱單數(shù)，動(dòng)詞play用第三人稱單數(shù)形式plays。故答案為plays?！军c(diǎn)睛】18．writing【詳解】句意：我后面的男孩正在寫信。根據(jù)is可知本題考查現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的結(jié)構(gòu)為：be+動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞，write的現(xiàn)在分詞是writing，故答案為writing?！军c(diǎn)睛】19．willfinish【詳解】句意：明年我將完成小學(xué)學(xué)業(yè)。finish結(jié)束，根據(jù)時(shí)間nextyear可知該句是一般將來時(shí)，willdo結(jié)構(gòu)，故答案為willfinish?！军c(diǎn)睛】20．

excited

be【詳解】句意：孩子們非常__________，因?yàn)橄聜€(gè)月是中國的新年了。本題考查形容詞和動(dòng)詞原形，be后跟形容做表語，excite的修飾人的形容詞形式是excited，begoingto后跟動(dòng)詞原形，is的原形是be，故答案為excited；be。21．willbuy【詳解】句意：我們明天下午將要買一些新衣服。由句中的時(shí)間狀語“tomorrowafternoon”（明天下午）可知要用一般將來時(shí)，故答案為willbuy。2mgoingtotake##willtake【詳解】句意：下周我要在聚會(huì)拍很多照片。根據(jù)nextweek，可知句子是一般將來時(shí)，一般將來時(shí)的結(jié)構(gòu)為：begoingto/will+動(dòng)詞原形，I用am，故答案為amgoingtotake/willtake。23．tomake【詳解】句意：我能再利用塑料瓶做玩具。make制作，reusesth.todosth.再利用某物做某事，后用不定式做目的狀語。故答案為tomake。2resitting【詳解】句意：看！兩只小黑鳥正停在一座小山上。sit坐，根據(jù)look可知句子時(shí)態(tài)為現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，肯定句句型結(jié)構(gòu)為：主語+be+動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞+其他。主語是復(fù)數(shù)，be動(dòng)詞用are，因此該空應(yīng)填are+動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞，sit的現(xiàn)在分詞為sitting，故答案為aresitting。2oes【詳解】句意：這個(gè)標(biāo)志是什么意思？句子是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主語thesign是第三人稱單數(shù)，助動(dòng)詞用does，故答案為does。26．excited【詳解】句意：海倫對這份禮物很興奮。beexcitedabout對……感到興奮，人做主語，故答案為excited。27．

Is/Will

goingtohave/have【詳解】句意：她明天上語文課嗎？根據(jù)tomorrow可知句子是一般將來時(shí)，其構(gòu)成是will+動(dòng)詞原形，或者begoingto+動(dòng)詞原形，主語是she，所以be動(dòng)詞用Is，故答案為Is/Will；goingtohave/have。【點(diǎn)睛】28．didn’tgo【詳解】句意：上個(gè)周末我姐姐沒有去外灘。go去，lastweekend是一般過去時(shí)的標(biāo)志詞，根據(jù)所給提示可知該句是否定句，故需加助動(dòng)詞didn't，后跟動(dòng)詞原形，故答案為didn'tgo?！军c(diǎn)睛】29．park【詳解】句意：你現(xiàn)在不應(yīng)該把車停在這里。shouldn't后跟動(dòng)詞原形，故答案為park?！军c(diǎn)睛】30．B解析：Bobby’s【詳解】句意：猴子們正在看著鮑比的香蕉。Bobby鮑比，人名，根據(jù)題意可知此處指鮑比的香蕉，故應(yīng)用Bobby的名詞所有格形式，即其后加's，故答案為Bobby’s?！军c(diǎn)睛】三、完成句子31．messyanddirty##dirtyandmessy【詳解】句意：垃圾使街道又臟又亂。根據(jù)句意及橫線前的make，可知該空應(yīng)填形容詞。臟的dirty，凌亂的messy，and又，連接兩個(gè)并列的形容詞。故答案為messyanddirty/dirtyandmessy。32．lost【詳解】句意：南茜昨天丟了她的新鉛筆盒。丟失lose，根據(jù)yesterday，可知句子是一般過去時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用過去式，lose的過去式是lost，故答案為lost。3解析：OnChineseNewYear’sDay【詳解】句意：在大年初一，我的家人和我通?？次瑾{。在大年初一，用介詞短語onChineseNewYear’sDay表示，首字母大寫，故答案為OnChineseNewYear’sDay。34．watching【詳解】句意：我父親喜歡在周末和朋友一起看足球比賽。根據(jù)句意及所給首字母w，可知該空考查動(dòng)詞watch，意思是觀看，根據(jù)likedoingsth.喜歡做某事，可知該空填動(dòng)名詞watching，故答案為watching。3解析：gowell【詳解】句意：演出進(jìn)展順利嗎？進(jìn)展順利用動(dòng)詞短語gowell表示，句子為助動(dòng)詞引導(dǎo)的一般疑問句，Did后面加動(dòng)詞原形。故答案為gowell。36．yesterday【詳解】句意：海倫昨天沒有上學(xué)。根據(jù)漢語提示可知該句是一般過去時(shí)。昨天yesterday，故答案為yesterday。【點(diǎn)睛】37．C解析：

do

on

givemeredpackets【詳解】句意：—你的父母通常在除夕做什么？—他們通常給我紅包。根據(jù)句意本題考查一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，問句主語yourparents是第三人稱復(fù)數(shù)，助動(dòng)詞用do；onChineseNewYear'sEve除夕，固定介詞搭配；給我紅包givemeredpackets，主語They是第三人稱復(fù)數(shù)，give用原形。故答案為do，on，givemeredpackets。【點(diǎn)睛】38．excited##xcited【詳解】句意：孩子們在兒童節(jié)這一天非常_____。根據(jù)句意及首字母提示可知該空填excited興奮的，形容詞做系動(dòng)詞are的表語，故答案為excited?！军c(diǎn)睛】39．plans##lans【詳解】句意：他們正在討論他們寒假的計(jì)劃。句中主語為they，因此該空應(yīng)填可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式，結(jié)合句意和首字母提示可知該空應(yīng)填計(jì)劃plan，其復(fù)數(shù)形式為plans，故答案為plans?！军c(diǎn)睛】40．clever【詳解】句意：麗麗是一個(gè)_______女孩。她總是很快給老師答案。根據(jù)句意及所給首字母可知該單詞為clever聰明的，形容詞，故答案為clever。【點(diǎn)睛】四、完形填空解析：41、B

42、B

43、A

44、C

45、C

46、A

47、A

48、B

49、C

50、C【分析】41、句意：人們叫___“免下車”電影院。根據(jù)IntheUS,youoftenfindakindofcinema.在美國，你經(jīng)常會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)一種電影院。cinema第三人稱單數(shù)，故選B。42、句意：“免下車”電影院在美國非常流行。cinemas復(fù)數(shù)形式，be動(dòng)詞用are，故選B。43、句意：許多____都有一兩個(gè)這樣的電影院。A城市，B電影院，C教室，電影院在城市里，故選A。44、句意：人們需要在晚上____去電影院。A騎自行車，B乘公共汽車，C開車，根據(jù)下一句提到intheircars.在他們的車?yán)?。故選C。45、句意：他們也需要看____在他們的車?yán)?。A游戲，B電視，C電影，根據(jù)前一句Peopleneedtogotothecinemabycarintheevening.人們需要在晚上開車去電影院。去電影院看電影，故選C。46、句意：他們____一些快餐，并把它放到車上。A買，B試著，C吃，根據(jù)ometimespeopleeatinaDrive-incinema.有時(shí)人們在免下車電影院吃飯。故選A。47、句意：美國人非常___快餐。A喜歡，B看見，C烹飪，根據(jù)短文大意，美國人非常喜歡快餐。故選A。48、句意：人們可以_______它們當(dāng)他們_____的時(shí)候在車?yán)锟措娪?。A給，B吃，C，買，根據(jù)intheircars.在車?yán)铮蔬xB。49、句意：人們可以吃它們當(dāng)他們_____的時(shí)候在車?yán)锟措娪?。A看，動(dòng)詞原形，B看，動(dòng)詞過去式，C看，動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞，現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，bedoing正在做，故選C。50、句意：漢堡包在澳大利亞和英格蘭很受歡迎。但這兩個(gè)國家的人經(jīng)常叫它們“豆堡”。A問，B談?wù)?，C叫，根據(jù)短文大意，故選C。五、閱讀判斷42．F解析：41、F

42、T

43、F

44、T

45、F【導(dǎo)語】本文介紹了邁克和凱特去超市買一些鋼筆和筆記本，在一樓看見一個(gè)機(jī)器人在彈鋼琴，站在那里聽了半個(gè)小時(shí)，忘記鋼筆和筆記本了。41、題干句意：邁克和凱特在星期六去超市。根據(jù)MikeandhissisterKategotoasupermarketneartheirhouseonSunday.可知邁克和凱特在星期天去超市，題干錯(cuò)誤，故答案為F。42、題干句意：超市每星期一九點(diǎn)開門。根據(jù)Itopensatnineo'clockinthemorningeveryday.可知題干正確，故答案為T。43、題干句意：機(jī)器人在二樓。根據(jù)Whentheyareonthefirstfloor,theyseearobotatthepiano.可知機(jī)器人在一樓，題干錯(cuò)誤，故答案為F。44、題干句意：機(jī)器人會(huì)彈鋼琴。根據(jù)Heisplayingthepiano.可知題干正確，故答案為T。45、題干句意：他們11:30離開超市。根據(jù)Itopensatnineo'clockinthemorningeveryday.Mikeandkatestandthereandlistenforhalfanhour.可知他們9:30離開超市，題干錯(cuò)誤，故答案為F。六、閱讀理解解析：51、B

52、B

53、C

54、C

55、C【分析】短文大意：介紹邁克一家去海南旅行的故事。51、句意：—邁克寒假去哪里了？—他去了______。A北京，B海南，C新疆，根據(jù)IwenttoHainanwithmyparentsinthewinterholiday.可知是海南。故選B。52、句意：他們帶著毛衣了嗎？根據(jù)Wedidn’ttakeonecoatorsweater.可知沒有帶毛衣，故做否定回答，故選B。53、句意：—這個(gè)假期海南的天氣怎么樣？—天氣______。A好的，B熱的，C壞的，根據(jù)Thiswinter,itwassostrange(奇怪的),theweatherwasnotfine.可知天氣不好。故選C。54、句意：—他們在海南做什么？—他們______。A參觀了很多美麗的地方，B旅行，C呆在房間里，根據(jù)Wedidn’ttakeonecoatorsweater.Sowestayedintherestaurant.可知他們呆在餐館里。故選C。55、句意：—“terrible”的意思是什么？—它的意思是______。