綜合模擬檢測卷（七）

（滿分：120分時間：100分鐘）

第一部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）

第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）

閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。

A

Ahugenumberofexchangeprogramsandsummerschoolprogramsareofferedto

internationalstudentsaroundforeignuniversitiesworldwide.Todayweexplainthetopstudent

exchangeprogramsandsummerprogramsofferedtoforeignstudents.

ViennaSummerSchool

ViennaSummerSchoolprovidesanincredibleopportunityfor30bachelor-levelstudentsto

researchsidebysidewithworldtopresearchersinthefieldofbioengineering.Thispaidsummer

programaimstoattractiniemalionalstudentsandcreateanexcellentresearchenvironment.Thisis

aperfectopportunityforthosestudentswhoareinterestedinthefieldoflifescience.Theduration

ofViennaSummerSchoolisfromSaturday,July1toAugust28,2023.

SUSIStudentLeadersProgram

Bachelor-levelstudentsinPakistanwhoarcinterestedinthetopicofpublic,local,stateand

federalpolicymakingarcinvitedtostudyintheUSAthroughtheshort-termSUSIstudent

program2023heldattheUniversityofMassachusetts.ThisisanexchangeprogramforPakistani

students.AllexpensesandaccommodationcostswillbecoveredbySUSI,sotheapplication

periodisveryshort.

HansenLeadershipExchangeProgram

TheHansenSummerInstituteforLeadershipisnowopenforthesummerexchangeprogram

2023.TheHansensummerprogramofferstheopportunitytotheUSAandinternationalstudentsto

buildbetterleadershipskillsandaculturalunderstandingenvironmentforthefuture.This3-week

summerexchangeprogramisopenforundergraduate,graduate,anddoctoralstudentswithany

academicbackground.

IVVPSummerExchangeProgram

IWPSummerExchangeProgram2023isatwo-weekwritingandcultureexchangeprogram

forPakistaniandIndianstudentsinIowaCity,USA.Theapplicantfrom18to22fromthese

countrieswithabackgroundinarthumanitiesiswelcometoapply.Thisprogramwillfocuson

creativityandisfreefortheselectedapplicants.Theselectedcandidateswillworktogetheronthe

creationofpaintingsandsculptures.

1.Whichprogramsuitsstudentswholikebiology?（）

A.ViennaSummerSchool.

B.SUSIStudentLeadersProgram.

C.IWPSummerExchangeProgram.

D.HansenLeadershipExchangeProgram.

2.WhyshouldstudentsapplyforSUSIStudentLeadersProgramearly?（）

A.Itisfullyfunded.

B.Itisashort-termprogram.

C.Itislimitedtopostgraduates.

D.Itissupportedbythegovernment.

3.WhatwillstudentsinIWPSummerExchangeProgramdo?（）

A.Offerpolicyadvice.B.Conductresearch.

C.Writeacademicpapers.D.Createartworks.

B

Visionaryarchitectsdesignbuildingswhichspeakfor(hemselves.Fromtoweringconcrete

pillarstosculpturalmodernistdomes(穹頂)，theworkofBalkrishnaVithaldasDoshidefined

Indianarchitectureforthelatterhalfofthe20thcentury.KnownasB.V.Doshi,hewasaversatile

modernistarchitect一hedesignedeverythingfromaccessiblehousingprojectstotheIndian

InstituteofManagementinBangalore.Sadly,thegreatarchitectdiedonJanuary24,2023,atthe

ageof95,leavingbehindafascinatinglegacy.

BornonAugust26,1927,inPune,southeastofMumbai,Doshigrewupwithhisfatherand

grandfather,afurnituremaker.Asachildhecametoappreciatehowtheirhousegrewand

changed.In1947,shortlybeforeIndianindependence,hebeganarchitectureschool.However,he

neverfinished,afactwhichhe'dlaterpointtoinlifeasanadvantage.HemarriedhiswifeKamala

Parikhin1955.Whenshepassedaway,Doshilivedinahousehedesignedandnamedforhis

belovedwife.

DoshiwasinfluencedbythefamousSwiss-FrencharchitectknownasLeCorbusier.Doshi

studiedwithhiminParisandthenreturnedtoIndiatosupervisethearchitect'sworkin

Ahmedabad.In1956,DoshifoundedhisownfirmcalledVastushilpa.IIctraveledtheworld

lecturingatuniversities,workedwithotherfamousarchitects,andevenfoundedtheCenterfor

EnvironmentalPlanningandTechnology(nowCEPTUniversity)focusingonunderstanding,

designing,planning,constructingandmanaginghumanhabitats.

“Wedidnotwanttoimitatesomeoneelse'sapproach,“hetoldtheLouisianaMuseumof

ModernArtin2O18.、'Wewantedtofindourownidentity''HedrewfromhisprideinIndian

culturetocreateastyledistinctfromWesterndesigns.rthinkofmybuildingsasmyfriends,my

family,“hesaid."Ihaveaconversationwiththem,andthat'showIcreatenichesandstaircases

andopeningsandgardens...mybuildingsarcnotonlypureandclearbutdesignedtoanticipate

changes.^^

Asidefromhismodernworks,Doshiwasdevotedtocreatingworkstobenefitthepoor.He

designedtheAranyaLowCostHousingProjectinIndore.ThephotographerIwanBaan,who

photographedsomeofDoshi'sworks,describedtheartistas“themostapproachablearchitectI

know.Evenverypoorpeopleinhispublichousingprojectsknewhim,whichisexceptional^.

4.Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword“versatile“inParagraph1?

()

A.popularB.modest

C.forward-lookingD.well-rounded

5.WhaidoweknowaboutDoshi'slife?()

A.Hehadamiserablechildhood.

B.Heregrettedleavingschoolearly.

C.Hemadeacontribjtiontohighereducationinarchitecture.

D.HesetuphiscompanyundertheguidanceofLeCorbusier.

6.WhatdoestheauthorwanttoillustratebyquotingDoshi'swords?()

A.ThepublicsupportforDoshi.

B.TheoriginalityofDoshi'sworks.

C.Doshi'sopenmindonchanges.

D.Doshi'sloveofarchitecturaldesign.

7.Whatisthepurposeofthetext?()

A.TogiveabriefaccountofDoshi'slife.

B.ToencouragepeopletovisitDoshi'sworks.

C.TorememberIndia'sgreatarchitectDoshi.

D.ToadvertiseDoshi'sarchitecturalphilosophy.

C

PFASarefoundinnonstickpans,water-prooffabricsandfoodpackaging.They'recalled

foreverchemicalsbecauseoftheirabilitytostickaroundandnotbreakdown.Now,usingabitof

heatandtworelativelycommoncompounds,researchershavedegraded(降解)thechemicalinthe

lab.

WhilesomescientistshavefoundrelativelysimplewaysofbreakingdownselectPFAS,most

degradationmethodsrequireharshprocessesusingintensepressureinsomecasesover22

megapascals—orextremelyhightemperatures—sometimesupwardsof1000℃—tobreakthe

chemicalbonds.

WilliamDichtel,fromNorthwesternUniversityinEvanston,andhisteamexperimentedwith

twosubstancesfoundinnearlyeverychemistrylab:sodiumhydroxide(氫氧化鈉),alsoknownas

lyc,andasolvent(溶劑)calledDMSO.Thcteamworkedspecificallyonagroupofferever

chemicalswhichcontainalargepercentageofPFAS.

When(heteamcombinedchemicalswith(helyeandDMSOatI2O℃andwithnoextra

pressureneeded,thecarboxylicacid(粉酸)felloffthechemicalsandbecamecarbon

dioxide/'Whathappenednextwasunexpected,“Dichtelsaid.Thelossoftheacidhelpeddegrade

thechemicalsintofluorideions(氟離子)andsmallercarbon-containingproducts,leavingbehind

noharmfulby-products.

"It'saneatmethod;itsdifferentfromothersthathavebeentried,“saysChrisSales,an

environmentalengineeratDrexelUniversityinPhiladelphiawhowasnotinvolvedinthe

study.**Thebiggestquestionishowthiscouldbeadaptedandscaledup.Understandingthis

mechanismisjustonestepinundoingforeverchemicals,“Salessaid.

Thisprocesswouldn'tworktodealwithPFASintheenvironment,becauseitrequiresa

concentratedamountofthechemicals,butitcouldonedaybeusedinwastewatertreatmentplants,

wherethepollutantscouldbefilteredoutofthewater,concentratedandthenbrokendown.

8.WhatcanwelearnaboutthepreviouswaystobreakdownPFAS?()

A.They'reeco-friendly.

B.They'vebeenwidelyused.

C.They'redifficulttooperate.

D.They'reregardedasuseless.

9.Whatdidtheteamdointheirexperiment?()

A.Theexperimentedwithdifferentsolvents.

B.Theytriedtwoverycommonsubstances.

C.Theytestedeverygroupofforeverchemicals.

D.Theyexposedchemicalstoextremetemperatures.

10.Whatmadetheresearchersmostsurprisedintheirexperiment?()

A.Environnientally-friendlyreactionsoccurred.

B.Thecarboxylicacidbecamecarbondioxide.

14.Whichofthefollowingisthoughttocausethedecreaseinhumanbodytemperature?

()

A.Theimprovedlivingconditions.

B.Thecontactwithothercreatures.

C.Thedeclineinphysicallydemandingwork.

D.Theadaptationofhumanstoclimatechange.

15.Whichonecouldbethebesttitleforthetext?()

A.WhatExactlyisNormalHumanBodyTemperature?

B.WhyDoesHumanBodyTemperatureNeedMeasuring?

C.HumanBodyTemperatureHasDecreasedoverTheYears

D.HumanBodyTemperatureChangeswithTheEnvironment

第二節(jié)(共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)

閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為

多余選項。

Bornin1961,Snoussi,aFrenchman,firstcametoChinain1983.Atthattime,hewasalaw

studentatAix-en-ProvenceUniversityandaccompaniedhisfatheronabusinesstriptoChina.

16().

InMarch2006,SnoussimovedtoNingbotohelphisfatherwhohadsetuphisexport

business.Afterlivingthereformorethansevenyears,Snoussirealizedthatwhathemissedmost

wasatraditionalFrenchbakery/417(XwhichmadeChinese,Korean,orEuropean-style

bread,butwecouldn'tfindthatspecificFrenchtaste.ltwasunlikeourdailybread,becauseinmy

homecountry,breadisabitlikericeinChina,"heexplained.lnJune2013,Snoussiopenedan

authentic(正宗的)FrenchbakeryinNingbo.Thoughhehadnobakingexperience,hequickly

learnedtheropesfromaFrenchbaker.18().

WhatmakesMonEpoqueuniqueisitsauthenticFrenchidentity,whichguaranteesagenuine

Frenchtasteeveryday.11WeareoneofthefewFrenchbakeriesinChinathatdirectlyimportsflour

fromFrance,producedintheCognacregionfromFrenchwheal.19([Thesearethetwomost

importantingredientsinbaking.Thisallowsustoguaranteethesametasteandqualitydayinand

dayout.Wepayattentiontothequalityandthetasteofourproductssothatourpatronscan

experiencethesamefeelingeveryday,”hesaid.

20().in2008,hedonatedover30(X)()yuan($4300)toWenchuaninSichuan

Province.InNingbo,hedonatedT-shirtsforstudentswithdisabilitiesandgavescholarshipsto

outstandingstudentsataschool.Forseveralyears,hesponsored(贊助)thePinkRibbon

Campaignorganizedbyateamofforeignwomentoraiseawarenessaboutbreastcancer.Healso

sponsoredactivitiestoencouragemorepeopletolookafterstraydogs.

A.ThisFrenchbakerwasfamousforhisuniquebakery

B.SnoussiiskeenonsocialactivitiesinNingbo

C.Thebutter-usedisalsoimportedfromFrance

D.Snoussienjoyshelpingpeopleinneed

E.Thisvisitwasacultureshockforhim

F.HenamedhisbrandMonEpoque

G.WehadgoodbakeriesinNingbo

第二部分語言運用[共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)

第一節(jié)(共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分)

閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選

項。

DuringmystayattheUniversityofMichigan,oneoftheseniorprofessorsaskedmetojoina

seminaroncultureandemotion.Inageneral21ofself-introductions,Iintroducedmyselfin

a(n)22Dutchwayasoneofthosewhoaret4interestedincultureandemotion''.Theprofessor

supplemented(補充)myself-introductionto23Americanstandards,sayingIwasoneofthe

world'sexpertsonthe24.Inresponse,Ilookeddownin25,andthoughtthat“expert”

wasabigword.

WhenIlivedinNorthCarolina,mynewfriendscameoverto26Conversationswere

fullofinterestandenergy,andtherewasalotof27.Attheendoftheevening,whenmy

guestsleft,theythankedmeforthedinner.Myheart28，becauseIwasbornandraisedinthe

Netherlands,where“thankingfbrdinner”meanstherelationshipis29.

Emotionsaredifferentenoughtofeeloutof30whenyoumovefromonecultureto

another.TheprofessorattheUniversityofMichiganmeanttomakemefeel31>butinstead

mademeuncomfortable.Myfriendsmeanttoshow32.buttheymademethinktheywere

distancingthemselvesfromme.

Wcthinkaboutemotionsasfeelingsdeepinsideus,butin33,ouremotionshappenin

interactionswithothers.Inmyownculture,itwashardtoobservethe34emotionsofothers

butIwasabletoseethemwhenImovedtotheUS—adifferent35fromwhereIwasraised.

21.()A.analysisB.stateC.letterD.round

22.()A.understa:edB.interestingC.dramaticD.proud

23.()A.setB.fitC.evaluateD.recommend

24.()A.approachB.situationC.topicD.course

25.()A.curiosityB.pityC.disappointmentD.embarrassment

26.()A.playB.dineC.“orkD.perform

27.()A.supportB.noiseC.funD.arguing

28.()A.sankB.meltedC.racedD.opened

29.()A.harmoniousB.normalC.strongD.distant

30.()A.dateB.shapeC.placeD.sight

31.()A.reliableB.goodC.seriousD.careful

32.()A.gratitudeB.respectC.admirationD.affection

33.()A.totalB.advanceC.detailD.reality

34.()A.unbelievableB.pureC.invisibleD.powerful

35.()A.levelB.cultureC.standardD.value

第二節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分）

閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。

3Dbioprintinginsidethehumanbodycouldbepossiblethankstoanewsoftrobot.The

devicefeatures36printingheaddirectlymountedontothetipofasoftrobotic

arm.Thisprintinghead,37consistsofsoftartificialmusclesthatallowittomovein

threedirections,worksvery38(similar)toconventionaldesktop3Dprinters.

Thesoftroboticarmcanbendandtwistandcanbemadeatanylength39

(require).Theprintingnozzle(噴嘴)canbeprogrammedtoprintpre-determinedshapes,or

operatedmanually.40addition,aresearchteamusedamachinelearning-based

controllerwhichcanaidtheprintingprocess.

Theteam41(explain)howthedevicecouldpotentiallybeusedasan

all-in-onesurgicaltooltoperformarangeof42(function).Theysaidthiscouldbe

especiallyimportantinsurgery43(remove)certaincancers.

Theabilitytocarryoutsuchmulti-functionalprocedures44(demonstrate)on

apig'sintestine(腸)lastmonthandtheresearcherssaytheresultsshowthatthedeviceisa

45(promise)candidatefor(hefuturedevelopmentofanall-in-oneendoscopic

surgicaltool.Thenextstageofdevelopmentforthesystemisinvivo(活體的)testingonliving

animalstodemonstrateitspracticaluse.

第三部分寫作(共兩節(jié)，滿分40分)

第一節(jié)(滿分15分)

假定你是李華，你校將在本周六上午邀請著名宇航員MrYang來作一場報告。請根據(jù)下

面的要點提示，給喜歡太空探索的留學生朋友Chris寫一封電子郵件，邀請他參加。要點如

下：

1.寫郵件的目的；

2.報告簡介；

3.你的期待。

注意：1.寫作詞數(shù)應(yīng)為80左右；

2.請按如下格式作答。

DearChris,

Yours,

LiHua

第二節(jié)(滿分25分)

閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。

TheannualHalloweenarrived,duringwhichkidsdressedintraditionalclotheswentto

neighbors'housestoaskforcandy.

Allisonlivedinasmalltown.Thatdayafterdinner,Allisonputonherdressherfatherhad

justboughtforher.Thedresswascheapandsecond-handbecauseherfamilywaspoor.ButAllison

stillthankedherdadandsaid,“Everyonewilllovemydress!”Then,sheleftfbrneighbors'houses

toaskforcandy.

Ontheway,shecameacrossAnnaandherfriendsandwantedtojointhem.^No!Lookat

yourdress!It'sugly!”Annasaid.Herfriendsalsolaughcd.4tLookatourdresses,especiallymine!

It'snewandbeautiful,“Annaadded.Herfriendsnodded,andinsomewaytheywereright.Anna's

dresswasshinyandlookedexpensive.Shealwayshadthebestclothesbecauseherparentswere

rich.

Allisonwasshockedandsad.Thekidsnotonlydislikedherdressbutmadefunofit."You

can'tcomewithus!”Annastressed."Wcwouldneverhangoutwithyou!''Theotherkidsagreed

andlaughed.TheyallleftiostartcollectingcandyforthenightwhileAllisonwasleftalone,

embarrassedinthemiddleofthestreet.

Anyway,sheknewalliheneighbors.Sheoftenhelpedaroundcarrying(heirgroceriesand

helpingthemwiththeirgardens.Peoplearoundthereknewher.Shedidn'tneedtohangoutwith

Annaorherfriends.44!'!!gojustalone,“Ihelittlegirlsaidtoherselfandstartedwalking.

SheaswellasAnnaandherfriendswalkedinthesamedirection：towardstheirfirstneighbor

MrsVaughan'shouse.ButAllisonwalkedbehindandkeptherdistancefromthem.Andshestopped

whenAnnaandherfriendswerenearMrsVaughan'shouse.

Justthen,MrsVaughanlookedoutofherwindow.ShcnoticedthatAllisonwasbeing

excludedbyAnnaandherfriends.SheknewitwasprobablybecauseofAllison'spoordress.She

immediatelyfeltpityforAllison,whooftenhelpedherandotherneighbors.Shedecidedtogive

AllisonmuchmorecandyasarewardandteachAnnaandherfriendsalesson.

注意：1.續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右；

2.請按如下格式作答。

WhenAnnaandherfriendsknockedonherdoor,MrsVaughanopenedit.

Annalookedup,andsaid,^Ourclothesaremorebeautiful!ButyougaveAllisonmorecandy!

Why?M

綜合模擬檢測卷（七）答案與解析

答案速查速覽

1-56-1011-1516-20

AADDCBCCBADDCACEGFCD

21-2526-3031-35

DABCDBCADCBADCB

語篇解讀：本文是應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹四個國際交換生項目。

1.解析：選A。細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段開頭三句"ViennaSummerSchoolprovidesan

incredibleopportunityfor30bachelor-levelstudentstoresearchsidebysidewithworldtop

researchersinthefieldofbioengineering.Thispaidsummerprogramaimstoattractinternational

studentsandcreateanexcellentresearchcnvironnicnt.Thisisaperfectopportunityforthose

studentswhoareinterestedinthefieldoflifescience.（維也納暑期學校為30名本科水平的學生

提供了與生物工程領(lǐng)域的世界頂尖研究人員并肩研究的絕佳機會。這個帶薪暑期項目旨在吸

引國際學生，并創(chuàng)造一個叉好的研究環(huán)境。對于那些對生命科學領(lǐng)域感興趣的學生來說，這

是一個絕佳的機會。）“可知，ViennaSummerSchool適合■歡生物的學生。故選A。

2.解析：選A。細芋理解題。根據(jù)第三段第三句"Allexpensesandaccommodationcosts

willbecoveredbySUSI,sotheapplicationperiodisveryshort.（所有費用和住宿費將由SUSI

承擔，所以申請時間很短。戶可知，這個項目被完全資助，因此需要早點申請。故選A。

3.解析：選D。細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段最后一句"Theselectedcandidateswillwork

togetheronthecreationofpaintingsandsculptures.（被選定的申請人將共同創(chuàng)作繪畫和雕塑。）”

可知，在這個項目中學生們將一起合作創(chuàng)作藝術(shù)作品。故選D。

語篇解讀：本文是記敘文。文章主要敘述印度建筑大師BalkrishnaVithaldasDoshi的生

平及其成就。

4.解析：選D。詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第一段中的"hedesignedeverythingfromaccessible

housingprojectstotheIndianInstituteofManagementinBangalore”可知，Doshi是一位多才多

藝的現(xiàn)代主義建筑師，從無障礙住房項目到Bangalore的印度管理學院，他的設(shè)計無所不有。

versatile意為“多才多藝的故選D。

5.解析：選C。細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第四句"Hetraveledtheworldlecturinga（

universities,workedwithotherfamousarchitects,andevenfoundedtheCenterfbrEnvironmental

PlanningandTechnology（nowCEPTUniversity）focusingonunderstanding,designing,planning,

constructingandmanagi呼humanhabitats」他周游世界各地的大學演講，與其他著名建筑師合

作，甚至成立了環(huán)境規(guī)劃與技術(shù)中心（現(xiàn)為CEPT大學），專注于理解、設(shè)計、規(guī)劃、建造和

管理人類家園。廠可知，他對高等建筑教育做出了貢獻。故選C。

6.解析：選B。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段"'Wedidnotwanttoimitatesomeoneclse's

approach,'hetoldtheLouisianaMuseumofModernArtin2018/Wewantedtofindourown

identity/HedrewfromhisprideinIndianculturetocreateastyledistinctfromWesterndesigns/I

thinkofmybuildingsasmyfriends,myfamily,'hesaid.'Ihaveaconversationwiththeir.,and

that'showIcreatenichesandstaircasesandopeningsandgardens...mybuildingsarenotonlypure

andclearbutdesignedtoanticipatechanges.'（他在2018年對Louisiana現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)博物館說：'我

們不想模仿別人的方法?！拔覀兿胝业阶约旱膫€性。，他從對印度文化的白,泉感中汲取靈感，

創(chuàng)造了一種與西方設(shè)計極然不同的風格。他說：，我把我的建筑當成我的朋友、我的家人。

我和他們交談，這就是我如何創(chuàng)造壁龕、樓梯、廣場和花園的……我的建筑不僅純凈、清晰，

而且設(shè)計能預見變化可推斷，作者引用Doshi的話是為了強調(diào)其建筑的獨創(chuàng)性。故選Bo

7.解析:選Co推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段最后兩句"KnownasB.V.Doshi,hewasaversatile

modernistarchitect一hedesignedeverythingfromaccessiblehousingprojectstotheIndian

InstituteofManagementinBangalore.Sadly,thegreatarchitectdiedonJanuary24,2023,atthe

ageof95,leavingbehindafascinatinglegacy.（Doshi是一位多才多藝的現(xiàn)代主義建筑師，從無

障礙住房項目到Bangalore的印度管理學院，他的設(shè)計無所不有。悲傷的是，這位偉大的建

筑師于2023今1月24日去世，字今95歲，留下了--份極有吸引力的遺產(chǎn)。）“根據(jù)第五段

“Asidefromhismodernworks,Doshiwasdevotedtocreatingworkstobenefitthepoor.He

designedtheAranyaLowCostHousingProjectinIndore.ThephotographerIwanBaan,who

photographedsomeofDoshi'sworks,describedtheartistas4themostapproachablearchitectI

know.Evenverypoorpeopleinhispublichousingprojectsknewhim,whichisexceptional'.（除

了他的現(xiàn)代作品，Doshi致力于創(chuàng)作對窮人有益的作品。他在Indore設(shè)計了Aranya低成本

住房項目。攝影師IwanBaan拍攝過Doshi的一些作品，他描述這位藝術(shù)家是，我所知道的最

平易近人的建筑師。即使是在他的公共住房項目中非常貧窮的人也認識他，這是非常罕見

的。）'可推斷，本文寫作的目的是為了紀念印度偉大的建筑師Doshi。故選C。

語篇解讀：本文是說明文。文章主要介紹研究人員探索出了降解PFAS的新方法。

8.解析：選Co細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Whilesomescientistshavefoundrelativelysimple

waysofbreakingdownselectPFAS,mostdegradationmethodsrequireharshprocessesusing

intensepressureinsomecasesover22megapascals-orextremelyhightemperatures—sometimes

upwardsof1（）（）（）℃—tobreakthechemicalbonds.［雖然一些科學家已經(jīng)找到T相對簡單的方

法來降解選定的PFAS,但大多數(shù)降解方法都需要使用高壓（在某些情況下超過22兆帕斯卡）

或極高溫度（有時高達1000C）來破壞化學鍵的苛刻過程?！缚芍?，之前分解PFAS的方法

難以操作。故選C。

9.解析：選Bo細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第一句"WilliamDichtel,fromNorthwestern

UniversityinEvanston,andhisteamexperimentedwithtwosubstancesfoundinnearlyevery

chemistrylab:sodiumhydroxide（氫氧化鈉），alsoknownaslye,andasolvent（溶劑）called

DMSO.（來自埃文斯頓西北大學的威廉?迪赫特爾和他的團隊用幾乎在每個化學實臉室都能

找到的兩種物質(zhì)進行了實臉；氫氧化鈉，也被稱為堿液，和一種叫作DMSO的溶劑。片可

知，這個團隊在實險中嘗試了兩種非常常見的物質(zhì)。故選B。

10.解析：選A。細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段第二、三句“'Wha【happenednextwasunexpected,5

Dichtelsaid.Thelossofthsacidhelpeddegradethechemicalsintofluorideions（森離子）and

smallercarbon-containingproducts,leavingbehindnoharmfulby-products.（迪赫特爾說：’接下

來發(fā)生的事情出乎意料。''酸的流失促使化學物質(zhì)降解成氟離子和更小的含碳產(chǎn)物，不會留

下有害的副產(chǎn)品。）”可知，在他們的實臉中，環(huán)境友好的反應(yīng)最讓研究人員感到驚訝。故選

Ao

11.解析：選Do推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段最后兩句中“Thebiggestquestionishowthis

couldbeadaptedandscaledup.Understandingthismechanismisjustonestepinundoingforever

chemicals（最大的問題是如何適應(yīng)和擴大規(guī)模。明白這種機制只是消除永久化學物質(zhì)的一步）”

可推斷，從ChrisSales的話中可推斷在該方法得到廣泛應(yīng)用前需要更多的研究。故選D。

語篇解讀：本文是說明文。文章介紹了研究發(fā)現(xiàn)人類的平均標準體溫在下降并分析了造

成這一現(xiàn)象的原因。

12.解析：選D。細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一■段第一1句"Theideathatthenormalhumanbody

temperatureisabout37cwasfirstpresentedbytheGermanphysicianCarlReinholdAugust

Wunderlichin1851.（1851年，德國醫(yī)生卡爾?萊因霍爾德?奧古斯特?溫德利希首次提出了人體

正常體溫約為37℃的觀點。）“第二段第一句中“Recentstudieshaveshownthattemperature

recordsofgroupsofpeoplehavetendedtorunlowcomparedto（heacceptednoirn（最近的研究已

經(jīng)表明，與公認的標準相比，人群的體溫記錄往往較低）”可知，他提出了標準人體體溫。故

選D。

13.解析：選Co細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第一句"Recenlstudieshaveshownthat

temperaturerecordsofgroupsofpeoplehavetendedtorunlowcomparedtotheacceptednorm

（標準），sotheStanfordteam,ledbyJulieParsonnet,MD（西學博士）,professorofmedicineand

ofhealthresearchandpolicy,decidedtodoamorein-depthstudytocomparemodern

measurementswithhistoricalrecordstotrytoidentifybodytemperature（rendsand,perhaps,

uncoverthereasonwhythiscoolingishappening.（最近的吁究已經(jīng)表明，與公認的標準相比，

人群的體溫記錄往往較低，因此，由醫(yī)學和健康研究與政策教授JulieParsonnet博士領(lǐng)導的

斯坦福大學的研究小組決定進行更深入的研究，將現(xiàn)代測量結(jié)果與歷史記錄進行比較，試圖

確定體溫趨勢，并可能揭示這種變冷現(xiàn)象發(fā)生的原因。廠可知，該研究團隊對比研究了歷史

和當前的人體體溫數(shù)據(jù)。故選C。

14.解析：選Ao推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中“Onepossibilityisthatimprovementsinpublic

healthover200yearshavereducedtheincidenceofintlammations（炎癥），whichpromote

metabolisni.Thiscombinedwithpeoplelivingmorecomfortablelivesinmorestableenvironments

meansthatthebodydoesn'thavetoworkashardtostaywarm,sotheaveragetemperature

falls.（一種可能性是200年來公共衛(wèi)生的提高減少了炎癥的發(fā)病率，而炎癥促進了新陳代謝。

再加上人們在更穩(wěn)定的環(huán)境中過著更舒適的生活，這意味著身體不需要像以前那樣努力工作

來保暖，所以平均溫度會下降。廣可推斷，生活條件的改善被認為是導致人體體溫下降的原

因。故選A。

15.解析：選Co標題概括題。根據(jù)第一段打he