2024年高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)測(cè)試卷四（北京卷）

本試卷共100分?？荚嚂r(shí)長(zhǎng)100分鐘

考生務(wù)必將答案答在答題卡上，在試卷上作答無效?？荚嚱Y(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。

第一部分：知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，30分）

第一節(jié)完型填空（共10小題：每小題1.5份，共15份）

閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題紙上

將該選項(xiàng)涂黑。

（2023門頭溝區(qū)）

Familyisthewarmestplacewheremembersalwayshelpeachother,especiallyinthemostdifficulttimes.

MyhusbandandIwentthroughtoughtimesmanyyearsago.However,wedidn'tmentionthedifficultiesto

ourchildren.Theonlythingtheyknewclearlywasthatwehadto___I___manythings.Butwedidn'twantto

___2___themwithaproblemaboutwhichtheycoulddonothing.

Oursituationwasn'timproving,andweknewthatwewouldhavetolookforoutsidehelp.Justaswereached

（hepointof___3___,ourmunitygaveusanenvelopethathadbeenleftinthemiltee'sofferingbcx.Themittee

said,“Inourniunity,therehasbeenawayofassistingthosewhohavefinancialdifficulties.Inordernottomake

thereceiversfeciashamed,moneyissecretlydroppedintoanofferingboxwithonlythe___4___nameoneach

envelope.Thentheenvelopesare___5___tothosememberswithoutthemknowingthegivers'names?

Youcouldimaginehowoverjoyedweweretoreceiveit,whichwasenoughtobringusthroughthedesperate

time.Wecouldn'thelpbut___6___whohadgivensuchagenerousgift.Wewereenormouslygrateful.

Later,oursonappliedforastudentloansothathecouldattenduniversity.Itwasthenthatue___7___his

savingaccountwasalmostempty.We'dtrustedhimtoputthewagesfromhisparttimejobinto（hebank.Wewere

so___8___thatIaskedhimrepeatedlytofindoutwherethemoneyhadgone.Hejuststoodtherewithfirmeyes

butsaidnothing.

Finally,withgreat___9___,mysoneventuallyadmittedthattheyearbeforehehadputhissavingsinthe

offeringboxforus.Istoodtherespeechless,tearsfillingmyeyes.Hehadspentseveralyearssavingthatmoney

andhadgivenittous10withouttellinguswhathehaddone.

1.A.makeupforB.eupwithC.cutbackonD.lookforwardto

2.A.botherB.harmC.encourageD.support

3.A.angerB.desperationC.hopeD.relief

4.A.receiver'sB.giver'sC.organizer'sD.partner's

5.A.relatedB.contributedC.distributedD.devoted

6.A.recallB.inferC.imagineD.wonder

7.A.discoveredB.thoughtC.ensuredD.admitted

8.A.pessimisticB.disappointedC.frightenedD.guilty

9.A.interactionB.explanationC.expectationD.hesitation

10.A.obviouslyB.willinglyC.graduallyD.accidentally

【答案】I.C2.A3.B4.A5.C6.D7.A8.B9.D10.B

【解析】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了作者一家生活困難，在瀕臨絕望的時(shí)候，一個(gè)匿名的人給了他們一

個(gè)裝有現(xiàn)金的信封幫他們度過了難關(guān)，最后發(fā)現(xiàn)這個(gè)人居然是他們的兒子。

1考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：他們唯一清楚的是,我們必須削減開支。A.makeupfor補(bǔ)償；B.eupwith提

出；C.cutbackon消減；D.lookforwardto期待。根據(jù)上文“MyhusbandandIwentthroughtoughtimes（我和

丈夫經(jīng)歷了艱難的時(shí)期）”可知他們需要消減開支，故選C項(xiàng)。

2考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：但我們不想為他們無能為力幫忙的問題而困擾他們。A.bother打擾；煩擾；

B.harm傷害；C.encourage鼓勵(lì)；D.support支持。根據(jù)下文“aproblemaboutwhichtheycoulddonothing（他

們無能為力幫忙的問題）“可知，這些問題他們無能為力，所以父母不希望煩擾他們，故選A項(xiàng)。

3考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：就在我們接近絕望的程度的時(shí)候，社區(qū)給了我們一個(gè)信封，這個(gè)信封放在了居

委會(huì)的募捐箱里。A.anger牛.氣；Bdesperation絕望；C.hope希望；D.relief解脫。根據(jù)下文“Youcouldimagine

howoverjoyedwcweretoreceiveit,whichwasenoughtobringusthroughthedesperatetime.（你可以想象，我們

收到它是多么的高興，這足以讓我們度過絕望的時(shí)光）”可知，作者一家的經(jīng)濟(jì)情況達(dá)到了絕望的程度，故選

B項(xiàng)。

4考查名詞所有格詞義辨析。句意：為了不讓接收者感到羞恥，人們偷偷地把錢放進(jìn)一個(gè)募捐箱里，每個(gè)信

封上只有接收者的名字。A.receiver接收人的；B.giver's贈(zèng)予人的；C.organizer's組織者的：D.partner's

伙伴的。根據(jù)上文“ourmunitygav^usanenvelope（社區(qū)給了我們一個(gè)信封）“可知，信封上面寫的是我們的名

字，我們是接收者，故選A項(xiàng)。

5考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：然后，信封被分發(fā)給這些人，而他們不知道贈(zèng)予者的名字。A.relaied聯(lián)系；

B.contributed貢獻(xiàn);C.distributed分發(fā);D.devoted奉獻(xiàn)。根據(jù)下文“withoutthemknowingthegivers'names（不

知道贈(zèng)予者的名字）“可知，這是分發(fā)信封的方式，故選C項(xiàng)。

6考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析?。句意:我們不禁想知道是誰(shuí)送了這么糠慨的禮物。A.recall回憶;B.infer推理;C.imagine

想象；D.wonder想知道。根據(jù)上文“Thentheenvelopesaredistributedtothosememberswithoutthemknowing

thegivers'names（信封被分發(fā)給這些人，而他們不知道贈(zèng)予者的名字）”以及下文“Wewereenormously

graceful（我們非常感激）”可知，我們得到了幫助，非常感激，但乂不知道誰(shuí)幫助了我們，想知道這個(gè)人是誰(shuí)，

故選D項(xiàng)。

7考杳動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：就在那時(shí)，我們才發(fā)現(xiàn)他的儲(chǔ)蓄賬戶幾乎是空的。A.discovered發(fā)現(xiàn)；B.thought

思考；C.ensured確保；D.admitted承認(rèn)。根據(jù)卜,文“hissavingaccountwasalmostempty（他的儲(chǔ)蓄賬戶幾乎

是空的戶可知，他的賬戶是空的，這是我們發(fā)現(xiàn)的，故選A項(xiàng)。

8考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意:我們非常失望，反復(fù)要求他說出錢去了哪里。A.pessimistic悲觀的;B.

disappointed失望的；C.frightened害怕的；D.guilty內(nèi)疚的。根據(jù)上文“wediscoverhissavingaccountwasalmost

empty.We'dtrustedhimtoputthewagesfromhisparttimejobintothebank.（我們發(fā)現(xiàn)他的儲(chǔ)蓄賬戶幾乎是空

的。我們?cè)鞠嘈潘麜?huì)把兼職工作的工資存入銀行）“可知，我們對(duì)他很失望，故選B項(xiàng)。

9考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：最后，在極大的猶像之下，我兒子最終承認(rèn)前一年是他為我們把積蓄放進(jìn)了募

捐箱。A.interaction互動(dòng)；B.explanation解釋；C.expectation明待；D.hesitation猶豫。根據(jù)下文“myson

eventuallyadmitted（我兒子最終承認(rèn)）“可知，兒子是猶豫了很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間才告知真相，故選D項(xiàng)。

10考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：他花了好幾年時(shí)間存了這筆錢，并心甘情愿地把錢給了我們，知沒有告訴我

們他做了什么。A.obviously顯而易見地；B.willingly樂意地；Cgradually逐漸地：D.accidentally偶然地。

根據(jù)下文“withouttellinguswhathehaddone（沒有告訴我們他做（什么）“可知，他愿意這么做，故選B項(xiàng)。

第二節(jié)語(yǔ)法填空（共10小題，每小題1.5分，共15分）

（20222023學(xué)年北京市海淀區(qū)）

閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空，在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白

處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的止確形式填空。

A

I,velovedphotographysinceIwasateenager.Myparentsrecordedmanyhomevideosofmysiblingsandme.

Cherishedfamilymoments11（document）.RevisitingthemwaslikeopeningatreasurechestI'mgratcfiil

forthesevisualrecords12showedouryouthandgrowth.Filmhadabiginfluenceonme.Ilovethe

emotionsconveyedbythestoryonvideo.ForadecadeIworkedasafreelancefilmmakerandphotographer.I

分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，已有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞recorded,空處需填非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)，I和collect為邏輯主謂關(guān)系，需

填現(xiàn)在分詞形式。故填collecting。

14.in15.expressions16.sadder17.toinfluence

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說明文。文章講述了研究發(fā)現(xiàn)面部表情對(duì)情緒有影響。

14.考查介詞。句意：猶他大學(xué)的尼古拉斯?科爾斯博士說:“傳統(tǒng)觀念告訴我們，微笑會(huì)讓我們感到更快樂，

皺眉會(huì)讓我們的心情更嚴(yán)肅。"inamoreseriousmood為固定短語(yǔ)，意為“處于更嚴(yán)肅的情緒故填in。

15.考查名詞。句意：他的團(tuán)隊(duì)綜合了對(duì)1.1萬(wàn)多名參與者進(jìn)行的138項(xiàng)研究的數(shù)據(jù)，發(fā)現(xiàn)面部表情確實(shí)對(duì)

情緒有影響。分析句子可知，“facial2（express）dohaveimpactonfeeHngs”是賓語(yǔ)從句，提示詞是從

句中主語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用名詞expression作主語(yǔ)，結(jié)合謂語(yǔ)中助動(dòng)詞do可知，主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)名詞。故填expressions。

16.考查形容詞比較級(jí)。句意：仞如，微笑讓人更快樂，皺眉讓人更生氣，皺眉讓人更悲傷。"make+賓語(yǔ)+

賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)”為固定用法，且空處和happier,angrier并列，空處需填形容詞比較級(jí)作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。故填sadder。

17.考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：這些發(fā)現(xiàn)令人興奮，因?yàn)樗鼈兲峁┝艘粋€(gè)線索，說明大腦和身體是如何相互

作用，影響我們對(duì)情感的有意識(shí)體驗(yàn)的?？仗幮杼顒?dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)?。故填toinfluence。

18.hasgone19.touches20.whether

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一種古老的中國(guó)茶藝——茶百戲。

18.考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意：在一杯茶的表面畫上竹子的圖案，這是一種古老的中國(guó)茶藝，茶百戲，最近在

網(wǎng)上瘋傳。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)“recently”可知，此處使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，主語(yǔ)為anancientChineseteatrick,助動(dòng)詞

用haso故填hasgone。

19.考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意：當(dāng)水接觸到茶的表面時(shí)，它會(huì)變成白色，并在20分鐘內(nèi)消失。when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間

狀語(yǔ)從句缺少謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞turns是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句也使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主語(yǔ)為：hewater,謂

語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞使用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。故填touches。

20.考查賓語(yǔ)從句。句意：它的質(zhì)量對(duì)于以后是否能成功地制作出圖案至關(guān)重要?？仗幰龑?dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，作

介詞to的賓語(yǔ)，從句不缺成分，連接詞表示“是否“，需用whether引導(dǎo)。故填whether。

第二部分：閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，38分）

第一節(jié)（共14小題，每小題2分，共28分）

閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。

（2022?北京?北京師大附中?？既＃?/p>

Wanttoexplorenewcultures,meetnewpeopleanddosomethingworthwhileatthesametime?Youcandoall

thethreewithGlobalDevelopment/\ssociation(GDA).Whateverstageoflifeyou'reat,whereveryougoand

whateverprojectyoudoinGDA,you'llcreatepositivechangesinapoorandremotemunity(社區(qū)).

Weworkwithvolunteersofallagesandbackgrounds.Mostofourvolunteersareaged1724.Nowweneed

volunteermanagersaged2575.Theyareextremelyimportantinthesafeandeffectiverunningofourprogrammes.

Wehavesuchrolesasprojectmanagers,mountainleaders,andmunicationofficers.

Dependingonwhichroleyouchoose,youcouldhelptoincreaseamunily'saccesstosafedrinkingwater,or

helptoprotectvaluablelocalcultures.Youmightalsodesignanadventurechallengetotrainyoungvolunteers.

Notonlywillyouhelpouryoungvolunteerstodeveloppersonally,you'llalsolearnnewskillsandincrease

yourculturalawareness.Youmayhavechancestomeetnewpeoplewho'llbccyourlifelongfriends.

Thissummerwehaveboth4weekand7weekprogrammes:

Schedule

Country

4weekprogrammes7weekprogrammes

Algeria5Jul.--1Aug.20Jun.—7Aug.

Egypt24Jul.--20Aug.19Jun.—6Aug.

Kenya20Jul.-—16Aug.18Jun.—5Aug.

SouthAfrica2Aug.--29Aug.15Jun.—2Aug.

inunities.Therevolunteersworkwithmunitymembersandlocalprojectpartnerswhereourhelpisneeded.All

ourprojectsaimtopromotethedevelopmentofpoorandremotemunitics.ThcrcisnootherchancelikeaGDA

programme.Joinusasavolunteermanagertodevelopyourownskillswhilebringingbenefitstothemunities.

FindoutmoreaboutjoiningaGDAprogramme:

Website:.

Email:

21.Whatisthemainresponsibilityofvolunteermanagers?

A.Toseeklocalpartners.B.Totakeinyoungvolunteers.

C.Tocarryoutprogrammes.D.Tofosterculturalawareness.

22.TheprogrammebeginninginAugustwilloperatein.

A.EgyptB.AlgeriaC.KenyaD.SouthAfrica

23.ThesharedgoalofGDA'sprojectsto.

A.explorenewculturesB.protect（heenvironment

C.gaincorporatebenefitD.helpmunitiesinneed

【答案】21.C22.D23.D

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一則廣告。Globa：DevelopmentAssociation（GDA）致力于積極的改變貧窮和偏遠(yuǎn)的社區(qū)，在

這里能探索新的文化，結(jié)識(shí)新朋友，同時(shí)做一些有價(jià)值的事。文章為GDA招募志愿者并介紹了今年夏天的

具體項(xiàng)目。

2...project....You的主要職責(zé)是什么。根據(jù)第三段中Dependingonwhichroleyouchoose,youcouldhelpto

increase...,orhelptoproject....Youmightalsodesign...可知,根據(jù)崗位不同，管理人員可以幫助增加小區(qū)的飲

用水，可以規(guī)劃地方文化，可以設(shè)計(jì)挑戰(zhàn)項(xiàng)目培訓(xùn)年輕的志愿者，從這些內(nèi)容上可以判斷出其主要職責(zé)是

執(zhí)行項(xiàng)目計(jì)劃。故選C。

22.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。題干問八月份開始的這個(gè)項(xiàng)目將在哪里開展。根據(jù)這個(gè)表格中4weekprogrammes中的最

后一個(gè)SouthAfrica2Aug—29Aug,可知八月在南非開始，答案選D。

23.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。題干問GDA的所有項(xiàng)目的共同目的是什么。根據(jù)第一段you'llcreatepositivechangesina

poorandremotemunity.和倒數(shù)第二段中Allourprojectsaimtopromotethedevelopmentofpoorandremote

munities可知，其目標(biāo)就是促進(jìn)偏遠(yuǎn)貧窮區(qū)域的發(fā)展，即幫助有需要的社區(qū)。故選D。

B

（20222023平谷區(qū)）

AndreaSperanzawantedtobeafirefighterlongbeforeshehadtherightwordforherwish.Afterone

childhoodadventureataconstructimsiteendedwithanironnailembedded（嵌入）inherlegandanemergency

calltothefiredepartment,shefoundherselfinawe.44Astheygavemethemedicaltreatment,Ithought,theycould

helpeverybodyanddoanything,saysthenow52yearold.

In2（X）0,Speranzafulfilledherdreamofbeingafirefighter.Herjobwasexactlyasfulfillingassheimaginedit

wouldbe,exceptforonething;shestillhadn'tseenanotherwomaninherrole—notinamagazine,noton

television,notinreallife.Speranzadecidedtohelpyoungwomenseethatthey,too,couldhaveacareerlikehers.

TheresultisCampCourage,animmersive（沉浸式的）programforgirlsaged15to19whowanttolearn

moreaboutfirefighting,paramedicineandpolicework.In2006,Speranzaweledthefirst17participants.Overthe

course,thegirlsdiscovertheinsandoutsofbeingfirstresponders:1aiminghowtoputoutfires,deliveringfirstaid

andsoon.

CampCouragenownunsonesessioneveryyearandisfreetoattend.Tooffset（抵消）costs,Speranza

fundraisesbyholdingeverythingfromcarwashestoedynights.Campersmustsubmitanessaydescribinghow

theyplantohelptheirmunity,oraspecificindividualinneed.Andtheyhavetodeliverontheplan—frombuilding

abenchforasenioratabusstoptolaunchingalocalchapteroftheKidsHelpPhone.

WhileCampCourageisdesignedtohelpmorewomenbeefirstresponders,Speranzaalsohasanother,bigger

objectiveinmind:buildingleaders.,4Iftheycandeliveramechanicalbabyorclimbahundredfootladder,they're

notgoingtohaveaproblemgoingthroughajobinterview,“saysSperanza."It'saplctcchangeinmindset,andit

works.”

NowhundredsofgirlshavepassedthroughCampCourageandsomeofthemworkasfirstrespondersnow.

Speranzafeelsasenseofachievement.Theopportunitytorecruitothergirlstosavelivesalongsideherkeepsher

going.It'snotevenmeasurable.

24.WhatinspiredSperanzatobeeafirefighter?

A.Herdreamnow.B.Achildhoodaccident.

C.Thelackoffemalefirefighters.D.Afirefighter^encouragement.

25.WhydidSperanzadecidetostarCampCourage?

A.Totrainthegirlstotakethefirstaidcourse.

B.TDplctcanimmersiveprogramaboutfirefighting.

C.Toassistmorefemalestotakeupsomejobslikehers.

D.Tomotivatemorefemalestostandontheirownfeetinthefuture.

26.WhatdocampershavetodotopassthroughCampCourage?

A.Raisemoneytopayoffthecost.

B.Submitanessayanddeliveraspeech.

CBuildabenchforthedisabledatabusstop.

D.Handinaplanandthenputitintoaction.

【答案】24.B25.C26.D

【解析】本文是一篇記敘文，文章主要講述了加拿大的一位女性消防員AndreaSperanza,由于自己所在的

領(lǐng)域女性很少，她創(chuàng)辦了“勇氣營(yíng)”，幫助很多女性成為消防和急救人員。

24細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“AAeronechildhoodadventureataconstructionsiteendedwithanironnail

embedded（嵌入）inherlegandanemergencycalltothefiredepartment,shefoundherselfinawe.uAstheygave

methemedicaltreatment,Ithought,theycouldhelpeverybodyanddoanything,saysthenow52yearold.（童年時(shí),

她在建筑工地經(jīng)歷了一次冒險(xiǎn)，結(jié)果腿上嵌了一顆鐵釘，她給消防部門打了緊急電話，這讓她感到敬畏。“當(dāng)

他們給我治療時(shí)，我想，他們可以幫助所有人，做任何事情，”現(xiàn)年52歲的她說）”可知，童年的一次意外經(jīng)

歷使她想成為一名消防員。故選B。

25湘節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Spcranzadecidedtohelpyoungwomenseethatthey,too,couldhaveacareerlike

hers.（Spcranza決定幫助年輕女性認(rèn)識(shí)到，她們也可以擁有像她一樣的事業(yè)）”以及第三段中“Theresultis

CampCourage,animmersive（沉浸式的）programforgirlsaged15to19whowanttolearnmoreaboutfirefighting,

paramedicineandpolicework.（其結(jié)果就是“勇氣營(yíng)”,這是一個(gè)面向15至19歲的女孩的沉浸式項(xiàng)目,她們想

要了解更多關(guān)于消防、醫(yī)療護(hù)理和警察工作的知識(shí)）''可知，Speranza創(chuàng)辦“勇氣營(yíng)”是幫助更多的女性從事像

她這樣的工作。故選C。

26細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“Campersmustsubmitanessaydescribinghowtheyplantohelptheirmunity,ora

specificindividualinneed.Andtheyhavetodeliverontheplan—frombuildingabenchforasenioratabusstop

tolaunchingalocalchapteroftheKidsHelpPhone.（營(yíng)員必須提交一篇短文，描述他們計(jì)劃如何都助他們的社

區(qū)，或有需要的特定個(gè)人。他們必須實(shí)現(xiàn)這個(gè)計(jì)劃一一從在公交車站為一位老人建一張長(zhǎng)椅，到在當(dāng)?shù)爻?/p>

立一個(gè)兒童幫助電話分會(huì)）“可知，營(yíng)員們需要提交一份計(jì)劃，然后付諸行動(dòng)才能通過勇氣營(yíng)。故選D“

C

（2023房山區(qū)）

Plantsneedsunlightforphotosynthesis（光合作用）,theprocessofabsorbingenergyfromlighttocreatetheir

ownfoodfromcarbondioxideandwater.That'swhyplantsgrowandthriveinthewannermonthswhenthereis

moredaylightandaredormantinthecoldermonths.

Butthisprocessisn'tparticularlyefficientandonlyonepercentoftheenergycontainedinsunlightactually

endsupintheplant,accordingtoanewsreleasefromtheUniversityofCalifornia,Riverside.Nowscientistsatthe

universityhavefoundawaytobypasstheneedfornaturalphotosynthesisandtocreatefoodbyusingartificial

photosynthesis.Thisallowsplantstogrowinpletedarkness.tlWithourapproachwesoughttoidentifyanewway

ofproducingfoodthatcouldbreakthroughthelimitsnonnallyimposedbybiologicalphotosynthesis,

correspondingauthorRobertJinkerson.aUCRassistantprofessorofchemicalandenvironmentalengineeringsaid

inthenewsrelease.

Theresearchersdevotedtoartificialphotosynthesisusedatwostepelectrocatalytic（電催化）processto

conventCO2,water,andelectricityintoacetate(醋酸鹽)—themainingredientofvinegar—thattheplant

organismsconsumedtogrow.Theresearchersadjustedtheelectrolyzer,adevicethatuseselectricitytosupportthe

growthoffoodproducingorganisms,toeupwiththehighestlevelscfacetateeverproducedbythismethod.

Thenewartificialphotosynthesismethodcouldbeupto18timesmoreefficientthansunlight.Experiments

showedthatalargerangeoffoodproducingorganismscouldbegrownusingthisacetate.t4Wewereabletogrow

foodproducingorganismswithoutanycontributionsfrombiologicalphotosynthesis,^^saidElizabethHann,a

doctoralcandidateintheJinkersonlabandcoleadauthorofthestudy.t4Thistechnologyisamoreefficientmethod

ofturningsolarenergyintofood,asparedtofoodproductionthatrelicsonbiologicalphotosynthesis/*shesaid.

Byeliminatingtheneedforsunlight,hepotentialofthismethodtoincreasefoodsupplyinregionswithless

thanidealgrowingconditionsisalmostendless,accordingtoNewAtlas.

Foodwillbeabletobegrownalmostanywhere,includinginspaceandonotherplanets.^Imaginesomeday

giantvesselsgrowingtomatoplantsinthedarkandonMars-howmucheasierwouldthatbeforRiturcMartians?”

coauthorMarthaOrozcoCardenas,directoroftheUCRPlantTransformationResearchCentersaid.

Whilethismaybeyearsoff,thepotentialtogrowfoodusingartificialphotosynthesishasgreatvaluein

feedingahungryplacewhere(hepopulationisgrowingandarablelandshrinking.Thisnewmethodincreases(he

efficiencyoffoodproductionusinglesslandandminimizestheenvironmentalimpactontheplanet.

27.WhatdoestheunderlinedwordFormant“inParagraph1mostprobablymean?

A.Fresh.B.Resting.C.Healthy.D.Normal.

28.WhatisParagraph3mainlyabout?

A.Theprocessofartificialphotosynthesis.

B.Thecontributionofnaturalphotosynthesis.

C.Theefficiencyofsunlightonplantorganisms.

D.Thewiderangeofapplicationsofartificialphotosynthesis.

29.AccordingtoMarthaOrozcoCardenas,artificialphotosynthesisis.

A.accurateB.dangerousC.promisingD.impractical

30.Whatcanwclearnfromthepassage?

A.Biologicalphotosynthesiscanhelpproducehigherqualityfood.

B.Biologicalphotosynthesisismoreefficientinturningsolarenergyintofood.

C.Usingartificialphotosynthesismaydecreasetheefficiencyoffoodproduction.

D.Usingartificialphotosynthesistogrowfoodcanreduceenvironmentalinfluence.

【答案】27.B28.A29.C30.D

【解析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了人工光合作用的過程以及積極效果。

27詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線詞上文"That'swhyplantsgrowandthriveinthewannermonthswhenthereismore

daylight（這就是為什么植物在溫暖的月份生長(zhǎng)和茁壯成長(zhǎng)）”以及后文“inthecoldermonths”結(jié)合常識(shí)，可知，

植物在陽(yáng)光充足的溫暖月份生長(zhǎng)茂盛，而在寒冷的月份休眠。故劃線詞意思是“休息的故選B,

28主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段“Theresearchersdevotedtoartificialphotosynthesisusedatwostepelectrocatalytic

（電催化）processtoconventCO2,water,andelectricityintoacetate（醋酸鹽）—themainingredientofvinegar—

thattheplantorganismsconsumedtogrow.Theresearchersadjustedtheelectrolyzer,adevicethatuseselectricity

tosupportthegrowthoffoodproducingorganisms,toeupwiththehighestlevelsofacetateeverproducedbythis

meihod.（致力于人工光合作用的研究人員使用兩步電催化過程將二氧化碳、水和電轉(zhuǎn)化為醋酸鹽——醋的主

要戊分一植物有機(jī)體消耗醋酸來生長(zhǎng)。研究人員調(diào)整J'電解槽，這是一種利用電力來支持食物生產(chǎn)生物

生長(zhǎng)的設(shè)備。用這種方法生產(chǎn)出了最高水平的醋酸鹽）”可知，第三段的主要內(nèi)容是人工光合作用的過程。故

選Ao

29推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Foodwillbeabletobegrownalmostanywhere,includinginspaceandonother

planets.44ImaginesomedaygiantvesselsgrowingtomatoplantsinthedarkandonMars—howmucheasierwould

thatbeforfutureMartians?^^coauthorMarthaOrozcoCardcnas,directoroftheUCRPlantTransformationResearch

Centersaid.（食物幾乎可以在任何地方種植，包括在太空和其他星球上?！跋胂笠幌拢幸惶?巨大的容器在

黑暗中在火星上種植番茄——這對(duì)未來的火星人來說會(huì)容易多少？“UCR植物轉(zhuǎn)化研究中心主任Martha

OrozcoCdrdenas說）”可知，MarthaOrozcoC4「denas認(rèn)為人工光合作用是有希望的。故選C。

30細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Thisnewmethodincreasestheefliciencyoffoodproductionusinglesslandand

niir.imizcstheenvironmentalimpactontheplanet.（這種新方法使用更少的土地提高了糧食生產(chǎn)的效率,并最大

限度地減少了對(duì)地球環(huán)境的影響）”可知，利用人工光合作用種植食物可以減少對(duì)環(huán)境的影響。故選D。

D

（2022?北京?北京八十中?？既＃?/p>

WhenIgivepubliclecturesabouttheclimatecrisis,themostmonquestionpeopleposeis:"Arcyouan

opt:mistorapessimist?”

Myanswerisyes.Californiahasachieveddramaticemissionsreductionsinathrivingeconomy,whichmakes

mehopeful,yetingeneralthefossilfuelindustiyisdeterminednottochange.Thesecondmostmonquestionis:

44WhatcanI,personally,do?”

That'satoughone.Themajordriversofclimatechangearccollectiveenterprisessuchaspowergrids,

industry,largescaleagricultureandtransportationsystems.Substantialemissionsreductionsinthesesettingsmost

likelywillnotefrompersonalactions;theywillefromlawsandpoliciessuchascarbonpricingsystems,revised

buildingcodesandsupportsforgreeninvestment.

Somepeoplehavearguedthatcallsfbrindividualactionactuallydistractusfromcorporateresponsibility.

Thatcouldexplainwhythefossilfuelindustryisfondofsuchrequests.OilgiantBPpopularizedandpromotedthe

ideaofacarbonfootprint,deflectingattentiontoitscustomerswho,itsuggests,shouldtakepersonalresponsibility

byloweringtheircarbonfootprints.Onestudyfoundthatfocusingorindividualactivityactuallyundermines

supportformoreeffectivepolicyinitiativessuchasacarbontax.Anotherproblemwithpersonalbehavioristhat

peopledonotliketobetoldwhattodo.

Yetindividualactscangrowintoinfluentialgroupactivity.Oneeffectiveact,andonethatcanbeamplified,is

toeatlessredmeat.CuttingmeatconsumptionisapowerfulandpersonalthingmostAmericanscandototackle

(heclimatecrisis,andtheycandoilimmediately.About40percentofgreenhousegasesefromagriculture,

deforestationandotherlandusechanges.Meat-particularlybeef—drivesclimatechangeintwoways:first,

throughcows'emissionofmethane,apotentgreenhousegas,andsecond,bydestroyingforestsastheyare

convertedtograzinglandtosatisfytheglobaldemandfbrbeef.Byeatinglessbeef,wecanstarttodecreasethat

demand.Youdonothavetobeeavegantodothis.IfeverypersonintheU.S.cuttheirmeatconsumptionby25

percent,itwouldreduceannualgreenhousegasemissionsby1percent.Thatmightnotsoundlikealot,butit

wouldhelpprotecttherainforest,scthepositiveeffects—includingreducedwaterandfertilizeruse,improved

biodiversityandsafeguardedrightsofindigenouspeoples—wouldbeamplified.

Perhapsmostimportant,socialactionisconlagious-inagoodway.iflotsofusbegintoeatlessmealandif

wetalkaboulitconstructively,wewilllikelyinfluenceothers.Prettysoon(he1percentreductionbees2percenlor

more.Reduceddemandformeatcouldmotivatemylocalsupermarkettocarrybetterproduce,makingiteasiertor

meandmyneighborstoprepareafewmoresatisfyingmeatfreemeals.Ultimatelychangesindemandwill

influenceindustry.Fortyyearsagofewmainstreamsupermarketscarriedorganicproducts;nownearlyalldo.

Consumerdemanddidthat.

Cuttingbackonredmeatalsohastheaddedbenefitofbeinggoodfbryourhealth.SowhileIwouldn'tadvise

governmentstoorderpeopletostopeatinghamburgers,ifanyoneasks,“WhatcanIdo?”asimpleandaccurate

answeris:"Eatlessmeat.It'sinyourcontrol,andyoucanbeginrightnow.Itbenefitsbothyouandtheplanet.^^

31.Whichoneplaysthemostdecisiveroleinemissionsreductionsaccordingtothepassage?

A.Individualactions.B.Fossilfuelindustries.

C.Thethrivingeconomy.D.Effectivelawsandpolicies.

32.Whatdowelearnfromthepassage?

A.Indigenouspeoplesturnforestsintograzingland.

B.Meatisconsideredasthebiggestdriverofclimatechange.

C.Smallindividualactscanmakeabigdifferencecollectively.

D.MostAmericanshavetobeeveganstotackletheclimatecrisis.

33.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“contagious”inParagraph6mean?

A.Appealing.B.Poisonous.C.Harmonious.D.Spreading.

34.Whatisthepurposeoftheauthorwritingthispassage?

A.Toexplainwaystoreducecarbonfootprint.

B.Topersuadepeopletocutmeatconsumption.

C.Toevaluatetheeffectsofhealthyeatinghabits.

D.Toargueagainsttheemissionpoliciesofindustries.

【答案】31.D32.C33.D34.A

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了通過個(gè)人的努力，也可以為減少碳足跡貢獻(xiàn)自己的力量。

31.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“theywillefromlawsandpoliciessuchascarbonpricingsystems,revisedbuilding

codesandsupportsforgreeninvestment.（它們將來自法律和政策，如碳定價(jià)體系、修訂的建筑法規(guī)和對(duì)綠色投

資的支持。）”可知，有效的法律和政策在減排中起決定性作用。故選D。

32.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段“Yclindividualactscangrowintoinfluentialgroupactivity.（然而，個(gè)人行為可以

發(fā)展成有影響力的群體活動(dòng)及下文所舉少吃肉的例子可推斷，小的個(gè)人行為可以產(chǎn)生大的影響。故選C。

33.詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線詞后文"Reduceddemandformeatcouldmotivatemylocalsupermarkettocarrybetter

produce,makingiteasierformeancmyneighborstoprepareafewmoresatisfyingmeatfr