2025秋魯教版初中英語八上Unit1Couldyoupleasecleanyourroom?知識點總結(jié)講解重點單詞1.rubbish/?r?b??/n.垃圾指廢棄物，同義詞有g(shù)arbage(美式)和trash。2.fold/f??ld/v.折疊常用短語foldclothes疊衣服，反義詞是unfold展開。3.sweep/swi?p/v.打掃過去式swept，常接floor構(gòu)成短語sweepthefloor掃地。4.mess/mes/n.雜亂makeamess表示"弄亂"，形容詞形式是messy凌亂的。5.hate/he?t/v.討厭后接doing/todo，反義詞是love。6.borrow/?b?r??/v.借入borrow...from...從...借入，區(qū)別于lend借出。7.invite/?n?va?t/v.邀請invitesb.to邀請某人去...，名詞形式invitation。8.care/ke?v./n.v./n.關(guān)心；照顧takecareof=lookafter照顧。9.fair/fe?r/adj.公平的反義詞unfair，名詞形式fairness。10.since/s?ns/prep.自從常與現(xiàn)在完成時連用，如Ihavelivedheresince2010。11.chore/t???r/n.家務(wù)指日常瑣事，復(fù)數(shù)形式chores。12.snack/sn?k/n.零食haveasnack表示"吃零食"。13.stress/stres/n.壓力understress表示"在壓力下"。14.waste/we?st/v.浪費wastetime/money浪費時間/金錢。15.depend/d??pend/v.依賴dependon依靠，反義詞independent獨立的。16.develop/d??vel?p/v.發(fā)展；培養(yǎng)develophabits培養(yǎng)習(xí)慣。17.independent/??nd??pend?nt/adj.獨立的反義詞dependent依賴的。18.wash/w??/v.洗washdishes=dothedishes洗碗。19.dry/dra?/v.擦干drytheclothes晾干衣服。20.hang/h??/v.懸掛過去式hung，hangup掛起來。21.tidy/?ta?di/v.整理tidyup整理，形容詞形式tidy整潔的。22.organize/???ɡ?na?z/v.組織；整理organizetheroom整理房間。23.dish/d??/n.盤子復(fù)數(shù)dishes，dothedishes洗碗。24.floor/fl??r/n.地板sweepthefloor掃地。25.laundry/?l??ndri/n.待洗衣物dothelaundry洗衣服。26.broom/bru?m/n.掃帚常與sweep搭配使用。27.dustbin/?d?stb?n/n.垃圾桶英式英語，美式用trashcan。28.annoyed/??n??d/adj.惱怒的beannoyedwithsb.對某人惱怒。29.angry/???ɡri/adj.生氣的angrywithsb.對某人生氣。30.patient/?pe??nt/adj.耐心的反義詞impatient不耐煩的。31.responsible/r??sp?ns?bl/adj.負責(zé)的beresponsiblefor對...負責(zé)。32.necessary/?nes?s?ri/adj.必要的It'snecessarytodosth.做某事是必要的。33.enough/??n?f/adj.足夠的enoughtime足夠的時間。34.proper/?pr?p?r/adj.恰當(dāng)?shù)膒roperbehavior恰當(dāng)?shù)男袨椤?5.munity/k??mju?n?ti/n.社區(qū)munityservice社區(qū)服務(wù)。36.volunteer/?v?l?n?t??r/n./v.志愿者；自愿volunteertodo自愿做。37.exchange/?ks?t?e?nd?/v.交換exchangeideas交換想法。38.reason/?ri?zn/n.理由thereasonfor...的原因。39.result/r??z?lt/n.結(jié)果asaresult結(jié)果。40.provide/pr??va?d/v.提供providesb.withsth.提供某人某物。41.independence/??nd??pend?ns/n.獨立gainindependence獲得獨立。42.fairness/?fe?n?s/n.公平反義詞unfairness不公平。43.unfair/?n?fe?r/adj.不公平的反義詞fair公平的。44.neighbor/?ne?b?r/n.鄰居nextdoorneighbor隔壁鄰居。45.polite/p??la?t/adj.禮貌的反義詞rude粗魯?shù)摹?6.finally/?fa?n?li/adv.最終同義詞eventually。47.could/k?d/modalv.能表示委婉請求或過去能力。48.should/??d/modalv.應(yīng)該表示建議或義務(wù)。49.might/ma?t/modalv.可能表示可能性，比may更不確定。50.neither/?na?e?r/adv.也不用于否定句，如NeitherdoI。51.either/?a?e?r/adv.也(不)用于否定句末，如Idon'tlikeiteither。52.pass/pɑ?s/v.傳遞passsb.sth.=passsth.tosb.53.lend/lend/v.借出lendsb.sth.借給某人某物。54.argue/?ɑ?ɡju?/v.爭論arguewithsb.與某人爭論。55.worry/?w?ri/v.擔(dān)心worryabout擔(dān)心。56.relax/r??l?ks/v.放松relaxoneself放松自己。57.refuse/r??fju?z/v.拒絕refusetodo拒絕做。58.agree/??ɡri?/v.同意agreewithsb.同意某人。59.plain/k?m?ple?n/v.抱怨plainabout抱怨。60.explain/?k?sple?n/v.解釋explainsth.tosb.向某人解釋。61.suggest/s??d?est/v.建議suggestdoing建議做。62.offer/??f?r/v.提供offertodo主動提出做。63.promise/?pr?m?s/v.承諾promisetodo承諾做。64.forget/f??ɡet/v.忘記forgettodo忘記要做。65.remember/r??memb?r/v.記得rememberdoing記得做過。66.decide/d??sa?d/v.決定decidetodo決定做。67.plan/pl?n/v.計劃plantodo計劃做。68.need/ni?d/v.需要needtodo需要做。二、主要短語1.家務(wù)類短語1.dothedishes洗碗2.takeouttherubbish倒垃圾3.foldtheclothes疊衣服4.sweepthefloor掃地5.makethebed整理床鋪6.cleanthelivingroom打掃客廳7.washthecar洗車8.watertheplants給植物澆水9.dothelaundry洗衣服10.tidyuptheroom整理房間2.請求與回應(yīng)11.Couldyouplease...?你能…嗎？（委婉請求）12.Ofcourse./Sure.當(dāng)然可以。13.Noproblem.沒問題。14.Sorry,Ican’t.抱歉，我不能。15.I’mafraidnot.恐怕不行。3.責(zé)任與態(tài)度16.takecareof=lookafter照顧17.beresponsiblefor對…負責(zé)18.dependon依賴19.sharethehousework分擔(dān)家務(wù)20.developgoodhabits養(yǎng)成好習(xí)慣4.工具與動作21.usethebroom用掃帚22.putawaythetoys收好玩具23.throwawayoldnewspapers扔掉舊報紙24.hangupthecoat掛起外套25.turnoffthelights關(guān)燈5.情感表達26.beangrywithsb.對某人生氣27.beannoyedatsth.因某事煩惱28.feelstressed感到壓力29.thinkit’sunfair認為不公平30.arguewithsb.與某人爭吵6.邏輯連接31.assoonas一…就…32.inorderto為了…（表目的）33.asaresult結(jié)果34.neitherdoI我也不（否定句）35.either也不（用于否定句末）Idon’twanttogoeither.7.其他實用短語36.workon忙于…37.providesb.withsth.提供某物給某人38.wastetime浪費時間39.bepolitetosb.對某人有禮貌三、重點句型句子委婉請求1.Couldyouplease+動詞原形?(你能...嗎？)Couldyoupleasecleanyourroom?(你能打掃一下你的房間嗎？)Couldyoupassmethesalt?(你能把鹽遞給我嗎？)2.CouldI+動詞原形?(我能...嗎？)(請求許可)CouldIborrowyourpen?(我能借你的鋼筆嗎？)3.Wouldyoumind+doingsth.?(你介意...嗎？)Wouldyoumindclosingthewindow?(你介意關(guān)下窗戶嗎？)4.Canyouhelpmewith...?(你能幫我...嗎？)Canyouhelpmewiththedishes?(你能幫我洗碗嗎？)回應(yīng)請求5.肯定回答：(PositiveResponses)Sure./Ofcourse./Noproblem.(當(dāng)然/沒問題)I'dbehappyto.(我很樂意)6.否定回答：(NegativeResponses)Sorry,Ican't.I'mbusynow.(抱歉，我現(xiàn)在很忙)I'mafraidnot.Ihavetostudy.(恐怕不行，我得學(xué)習(xí))家務(wù)責(zé)任7.Youshould+動詞原形(你應(yīng)該...)(建議)Youshouldtidyupyourdesk.(你應(yīng)該整理你的書桌)8.It'syourjobto...(做...是你的責(zé)任)It'syourjobtowalkthedog.(遛狗是你的責(zé)任)9.Ihaveto...(我必須...)Ihavetodomyhomeworkfirst.(我必須先做作業(yè))10.Don'tforgetto...(別忘了...)Don'tforgettotakeoutthetrash.(別忘了倒垃圾)抱怨與解釋11.WhydoIalwayshaveto...?(為什么總是要我...？)WhydoIalwayshavetowashthedishes?(為什么總是要我洗碗？)12.It'snotfair!(這不公平！)Youneverclean,butIdo.It'snotfair!(你從不打掃，而我卻要做。這不公平！)13.I'mtiredbecause...(我很累因為...)I'mtiredbecauseIcleanedallmorning.(我很累，因為我打掃了一上午)14.Ihatedoing...(我討厭做...)Ihatefoldingclothes.(我討厭疊衣服)協(xié)商與妥協(xié)15.Howabout...?(...怎么樣？)(提議)Howaboutwesharethechores?(我們分擔(dān)家務(wù)怎么樣？)16.Let'staketurnsto...(我們輪流...吧)Let'staketurnstowalkthedog.(我們輪流遛狗吧)17.Ifyou...,I'll...(如果你...，我就...)Ifyoucook,I'llwashthedishes.(如果你做飯，我就洗碗)頻率與時間(FrequencyandTime)18.Howoftendoyou...?(你多久...一次？)Howoftendoyoucleanyourroom?(你多久打掃一次房間？)19.Iusually/often/sometimes...(我通常/經(jīng)常/有時...)Iusuallymakemybedinthemorning.(我通常早上整理床鋪)20.Assoonas...(一...就...)(時間狀語從句)I'llcallyouassoonasIfinish.(我一完成就給你打電話)21.Not...until...(直到...才...)Iwon'tgooutuntilIcleanmyroom.(我要打掃完房間才會出去)情感表達22.I'mannoyedwhen...(當(dāng)...時我很惱火)I'mannoyedwhenmybrotherdoesn'thelp.(當(dāng)我弟弟不幫忙時，我很惱火)23.Itmakesmeangrythat...(...讓我很生氣)Itmakesmeangrythatyouneverlisten.(你從不聽我說話，這讓我很生氣)24.Ifeelstressedbecause...(我感到壓力因為...)Ifeelstressedbecauseoftoomuchwork.(因為有太多工作，我感到壓力很大)相關(guān)重點句型25.Neither+助動詞+主語(我也不...)(否定附和)A:Idon'tlikechores.B:NeitherdoI.(A：我不喜歡做家務(wù)B：我也不喜歡)26.Either(也不...)(否定句末)Idon'twanttogoeither.(我也不想去)27.Could表過去能力(過去能夠...)WhenIwas5,Icouldn'tcook.(我5歲的時候還不會做飯)28.Shouldhavedone(本應(yīng)該...)Youshouldhavecleanedyourroomyesterday.(你昨天就應(yīng)該打掃房間的)其它實用句型29.Couldyouplease...?(你能...嗎？)Couldyoupleasesetthetable?(你能擺一下餐桌嗎？)30.ButI'mdoing...(但我正在...)ButI'mdoingmyhomeworknow!(但我現(xiàn)在在做作業(yè)?。?31.Itonlytakesafewminutes.(只要幾分鐘)Parent:Justsweepthefloor—itonlytakes5minutes.(家長：就掃個地，只要5分鐘)32.It'syourturnto...(輪到你...了)It'syourturntowalkthedog!(今天輪到你遛狗了！)寫作常用句33.Inmyopinion,...(在我看來，...)Inmyopinion,everyoneshouldsharechores.(在我看來，每個人都應(yīng)該分擔(dān)家務(wù))34.First,...Second,...Finally,...(首先...其次...最后...)(順序連接)First,sweepthefloor.Second,dustthefurniture.(首先掃地，然后給家具除塵)35.Asaresult,...(結(jié)果是...)Ihelpedmoreathome.Asaresult,mymomwashappy.(我在家?guī)兔Ω嗔?，結(jié)果媽媽很開心)36.Ithinkit'simportantto...(我認為...很重要)Ithinkit'simportanttobeindependent.(我認為獨立很重要)37.Themore...themore...(越...越...)Themoreyouhelp,thelessstressedyourparentswillbe.(你幫忙越多，父母的壓力就越小)四、語法點本單元語法主要是情態(tài)動詞（should\could），這里順便連同相關(guān)情態(tài)動詞一起總結(jié)下。情態(tài)動詞（ModalVerbs），用于表達說話者的態(tài)度、能力、可能性、必要性、許可、建議等。它們不能單獨作謂語，必須與動詞原形連用，且沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化。一）情態(tài)動詞的基本特征不變形：情態(tài)動詞沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化（如：不能說

Hecans，而是

Hecan）。后接動詞原形：情態(tài)動詞后必須接動詞原形。?

Shecanswim.?

Shecantoswim.無時態(tài)變化：大多數(shù)情態(tài)動詞本身沒有過去式（但

can→could,

will→would,

may→might

等可以表示更委婉的語氣）。否定直接在情態(tài)動詞后加not：Youshouldnot(shouldn't)wastetime.疑問句將情態(tài)動詞提前：Couldyouhelpme?二）主要情態(tài)動詞1.Can/Could（能力、請求、許可）（1）Can（現(xiàn)在的能力或一般可能性）表示能力（ability）：Icanswim.（我會游泳。）表示請求（較隨意的請求）：Canyoupassmethebook?（你能把書遞給我嗎？）表示許可（permission）：Youcangonow.（你現(xiàn)在可以走了。）（2）Could（更禮貌的請求或過去的能力）委婉請求（比Can更禮貌）：Couldyoupleasecleanyourroom?（你能打掃一下房間嗎？）過去的能力（=was/wereableto）：WhenIwasfive,Icouldrideabike.（我五歲時會騎自行車。）??

注意：Could用于請求時，回答仍用can：Couldyouhelpme?→Yes,Ican.（?）Couldyouhelpme?→Yes,Icould.（?）2.May/Might（可能性、許可）（1）May（較正式的可能或許可）表示可能性（比might更確定）：Itmayraintomorrow.（明天可能會下雨。）表示許可（正式場合）：MayIuseyourphone?（我可以用你的電話嗎？）（2）Might（更不確定的可能性）Shemightetotheparty,butI'mnotsure.（她可能會來派對，但我不確定。）??

注意：May和Might不用于請求幫助（請求幫助用Could更自然）。3.Must/Haveto（必須、義務(wù)）（1）Must（主觀義務(wù)或強烈建議）表示必須（主觀責(zé)任）：Youmustfinishyourhomework.（你必須完成作業(yè)。）表示禁止（mustnot=mustn't）：Youmustn'tsmokehere.（這里禁止吸煙。）（2）Haveto（客觀必須）表示客觀規(guī)則或外部要求：Ihavetowearauniformatschool.（在學(xué)校我必須穿校服。）??

區(qū)別：MustHaveto主觀/客觀主觀（個人認為必須）客觀（規(guī)則/外部要求）否定含義mustn't=禁止don'thaveto=不必例句Youmuststudyhard.（你自己覺得必須）Youhavetowearaseatbelt.（法律要求）4.Should/Oughtto（建議、責(zé)任）（1）Should（建議或責(zé)任）表示建議：Youshoulddrinkmorewater.（你應(yīng)該多喝水。）表示責(zé)任：Studentsshouldrespectteachers.（學(xué)生應(yīng)該尊重老師。）（2）Oughtto（更正式的建議）Yououghttoapologize.（你應(yīng)該道歉。）??

注意：S