Unit5WorkingtheLand

單元話題完形填空練習(xí)

（2022秋?吉林長(zhǎng)春?高二長(zhǎng)春外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)校?？计谥校￤illiamThomson

WilliamThomsonwasbomon26June,1824inBelfast.Hewastaughtbyhisfather,aprofessorof

mathematics.In1832,thefamilymovedtoGlasgowwhereThomsonattendeduniversityattheageof10,then

studiedatCambridgeandParisUniversities.In1846hebecameprofessorofnaturalphilosophyinGlasgow,a

posthe1formorethan50years.

InGlasgow,Thomson2thefirstphysicslaboratoryinBritain.Hewasapioneerinmanydifferent3,

particularlyelectromagnetism（電磁學(xué)）andthermodynamics（熱力學(xué)）.4Faraday（法拉第），hewas

responsiblefortheintroductionofthe5ofanelectromagneticfieldwhereThomsondevelopedtheworkofthe

6of（hesubject,NicolasCarnotandJamesJoule.Oneofthemost7resultsofhisworkwashisideaofan

absolutezerooftemperature—thescalebasedonthisisnamed8him.

ThroughouthisworkThomson'smaingoalwasthepracticaluseofscience.Heachieved9throughhis

workonsubmarinetelegraphy,airajorpracticalproblemoftheday.Hewas10asascientificadviserinthe

layingoftheAtlantictelegraphcablesin18571858and18651866,forwhichhewasknightedin1866.His1L

inmarineissuesalsoinspiredhimtodevelopamariners'passand12atidemachineanddepthnieasuring

equipment.HeinventedmanyelectricalinstrumentsandhishouseinGlasgowwasthefirsttobe13by

electriclight.

Thomsonwasraisedtothencblemenwiththe14ofBaronKelvinofLargsin1892.TheKelvinwasa

smallriverthatflowednearGlasgowUniversityandhewaspresidentoftheroyalSocietyfrom1890to1895.He

diedon17December,1907,inAyrshire,Scotlandandwas15inWestminsterAbbey.

1.A.soughtB.confirmedC.admiredD.held

2.A.tookupB.brokeupC.setupD.blewup

3.A.fieldsB.countriesC.labsD.colleges

4.A.InspiteofB.ExceptforC.TogetherwithD.Regardlessof

5.A.mandB.conditionC.contractD.concept

6.A.learnersB.pioneersC.petitorsD.leaders

7.A.importantB.obviousC.fortunateD.positive

8.A.forB.withC.afterD.on

9.A.wealthB.fameC.contributionD.enthusiasm

10.A.consideredB.attractedC.employedD.accused

II.A.hobbyB.desireC.successD.interest

12.A.operateB.inventC.controlD.produce

13.A.litB.builtc.decoratedD.equipped

14.A.titleB.namec.honorD.award

15.A.preservedB.respectedc.admittedD.buried

（2023春?河南新鄉(xiāng)?高二統(tǒng)考期末）AdaLovelacewasthedaughterofaromanticpoet,LordByron.She

earnedherplaceinhistoryasthefirstputer16—afullcenturybeforetoday'sputers17.And

shebecameanidol（偶像）Forwomenin18industrytoday.Shecouldn'thavedoneitwithoutBritish

mathematicianCharlesBabbage.Their19startedintheearly1830s.Babbagehad20plansfor

adetailedandplicatedmachinehecalledtheDifferenceEngine一actually,agiantmechanicalcalculator.

Inthemiddleofhisworkonii,Ada21Babbageataparty.Itwasmathematical22atfirst

sight.Thetwostruckupaworkingrelationshipandeventualclosefriendshipthatwould23untilAda's

death.BabbageusedhisDifferenceEnginetobrainstormanewAnalyticalEngine.He（hen24aninplete

prototype（雛形）ofthismachine.Adasawthatengine'strue25.TheAnalyticalEnginewasmorethana

calculator.Whentheuser26itsmands,theenginecould27nearlyanymathematicaltask

ordered.Adaevenwroteinstructionsfor28aplicatedmathproblem.Manyhistorianswouldlater

considerthoseasthefirstputcrprogramandAdaasthefirstprogrammer.ThesecondTuesdayinOctoberhasbee

AdaLovelaceDay,onwhichthe29ofwomentoscience,technology,engineering,andmathematics

are_30____.

16.A.tutorB.saleswomanC.programmerD.accountant

17.A.brokedownB.cameoutC.diedoutD.showedoff

18.A.puterB.touristC.vehicleD.agriculture

19.A.settlementB.conflictC.argumentD.cooperation

20.A.shutdownB.sloweddownC.followedupD.drawnup

21.A.inquiredB.metC.criticizedD.accepted

22.A.loveB.mistakeC.problemD.addiction

23.A.formB.lastC.matterD.count

24.A.boughtB.restoredC.representedD.showed

25.A.contextB.potenlialC.bonusD.damage

26.A.obeyedB.stoppedC.neededD.sent

27.A.performB.inputC.quitD.study

28.A.discoveringB.creatingC.solvingD.raising

29.A.beautyB.humorC.contributionD.secret

30.A.honoredB.postponedC.integratedD.adopted

（2021秋?廣東汕頭?高二校考期中）StephenHawkingnotonlychangedthewaypeoplethoughtabout

science,buthealsochangedthewaypeopleviewed31.Diagnosed（診斷）withmotorneuronediseasein

histwenties,manyofhisscientificdiscoveriesweremadewhilehisbodywas32.

WhenHawkingstudiedatOxfordUniversity,hehada3、forbeinglively,humorousandpopular.

34,duringhisfinalyearatOxford,hefelloverfornoparticularreason.Whennoticinghisspeech（說(shuō)話的U8

力jbegantobe35.Hawkingsoughtmedicalhelp.Itwas（henthathewasdiagnosedwiththedisease.

Doctorsatthetimegavehimlessthantwoyearsto36.

Luckily,hesurvived.However,afterhisdiagnosis,his37failedquickly.Throughout（he1960s,he

requiredasticktowalk,38awheelchairformanyyears.Itwasonlybytheendofthe1960sthathe

39acceptedhewouldneedafulltimemobilityaid（助動(dòng)器）.

DespiteHawking'spoorhealth,hemadesomeimportantscientific40.Itwasin1974thathe

discoveredwhatnowis41as“Hawkingradiation''.Later,in1988,HawkingpublishedhisbookABrief

HistoryofTime.

Itwashis42—focusingonwhatwaspossibleratherthanimpossible—thatdefined（定義）his

publicimage.Hisbooksmadescienceeasily43forawiderpublic.Hawkingoncesaid,"Myadviceto

otherpeoplewouldbe:44thingsyourdisabilitydoesn'tpreventyoufromdoingwell,anddon't45

thethingsitinterferes（干擾）with.Don'tbedisabledinspirit,aswellasphysicaily.^^

31.A.natureB.knowledgeC.disabilityD.space

32.A.failingB.recoveringC.shakingD.growing

33.A.nameB.requestC.careerD.fantasy

34.A.HenceB.HoweverC.BesidesD.Instead

35.A.inaccurateB.boringC.briefD.unclear

36.A.relaxB.liveC.studyD.adopt

37.A.memoryB.mindC.sightD.health

38.A.preparingB.refusingC.obtainingD.pushing

39.A.graduallyB.formallyC.mostlyD.apparently

40.A.experimentsB.achievementsC.conclusionsD.researches

41.A.persuadedB.inferredC.knownD.predicted

53.A.identicalB.scientificC.visualD.shallow

54.A.secretlyB.jointlyC.casuallyD.barely

55.A.foreignerB.doctorC.womanD.professor

56.A.abuseB.discourageC.praiseD.miss

57.A.consideredB.appointedC.remendedD.designed

58.A.inspirationB.honestyC.kindnessD.patience

59.A.discussB.pursueC.ignoreD.interview

60.A.futureB.stressC.planD.story

(2023秋?吉林遼源?高二統(tǒng)考期末)Aworldofpurethought

StephenHawkingwasoneofthemostfamousandgifted61inphysics.Mostpeoplearefamiliar

withimagesofhim62hiswheelchair,unabletomoveandusingaputertotalk.Sincehecamedown

withadiseasewhichcausedhimto63theuseofmostofhismuscles,hisworldbecameoneofabstract

thought.

Hawkingfirstachievedfamewhenhewasstillhealthyenoughtowalk,64agraduatestudentin

physicsatCambridgeUniversityin1964.Ingeneral,thereweretwomain65ontheoriginoftheuniverse.

Thefirstwasthesteadystatetheory,66holdsthattheuniversehasnobeginningorend.Theotherwas

thebigbangtheory,whichholdsthattheuniversebeganatasinglepointintimeand67.Thebiggest

championofthesteadystateconceptwasFredHoyle,aprofessoratCambridge.Duringthequestionandanswer

period68oneofHoyle'slectures,Hawkingstoodupand69thatHoylehadmadeamistakein

his70.Once(hemathswascorrected,itshowedthatthebigbangtheory-andnot(hesteadyslate

theory—was71.Hawking'sownworkonthebigbangtheorywassoonprovenbyastronomerswith

telescopes.

Astarwasborn.So,whatmadeStephenHawkingagenius72beingbrilliant,hewasbrave,though

sometimescarelessinwhathesaidordid.Hewas73tosaywhatotherswereafraidtosay,andtodream

ofwhatotherswereafraidtodreamabout.74,hewasquitedetermined.Thishadhelpedhimasa

scientist,andhadhelpedhimevenmoreinhislight75hisdisease.Aboveall,Hawkingwaswillingto

admithisfaults.Thisoddbinationofcharacteristicshadmadehimoneofthegreatestthinkersofthe20thand

21stcenturies.

61.A.scienlistsB.teachersC.singersD.dancers

62.A.fromB.inC.atD.on

63.A.losingB.lostc.toloseD.lose

64.A.asB.withC.atD.on

65.A.reasonsB.wondersC.causesD.theories

66.A.whereB.whoc.thatD.which

67.A.momentB.hoursc.spaceD.place

68.A.whileB.afterc.beforeD.as

69.A.pointedoutB.camecutc.setoffD.tookout

70.A.mathsB.chemistryc.ChineseD.English

71.A.wrongB.finec.okD.true

72.A.ExceptthatB.Exceptc.ApartD.Besides

73.A.goodB.willingc.niceD.well

74.A.ButB.Yetc.HoweverD.Furthermore

75.A.againstB.forc.atD.by

（2023?全國(guó)?高二專題練習(xí)）Seeingthenewsofthe2022NobelPrizeonTV,Ican,thelp76atalc

aboutaremarkablephysicist,AlbertEinstein.WhenEinsteinwasalittlekid,hisfatherboughthimapassasagift.

Hewasamazedbyit.Itwasthatmoment,asEinsteinlatersaid,that77thebeginningofhisscientific

journey.Manyothergreat78inhistoiyhadsimilarstories

Italwaysamazedmehowsuchanexperiencecouldhaveahugeimpactonone'slife.79Einstein

andothersciencegiants,Idon'trememberhavinganyparticularexperiencethat80myinterestin

science.Forme,Iwasnotamatterofasingleevent,butrathermanyofthem.

AsakidIenjoyedspendinghourswatchingstarsduringsummernights.Itriedtoseeifsomeofthose

shiningdotsdisplayedcertainfigures,Ifoundmagnetism（磁力）andelectricityveryinterestingtoo.Ididn'treally

81theseconcepts,butIcouldplaywiththem.

Ishowedgreatinterestinphysicsatschool.Tolearnmoreaboutit,Ibeganmyundergraduatestudies.Alot

changedaboutmeatthisstage.Istillhadthesame82.butmyperspective（,因維方式）waswidenedasI

wasintroducedtomanymorefascinatingpartsof83.Consequently,myinterestinthefieldwasshaped.

Followingmygraduation,Idecidedtostudyabroad.Myinitial84wastogetan

internationally—praisedlevelofeducation.However,suchanexperience85morethan（hat.Most

importantly,itmeantthatIwouldbeinanenvironmentwhereIcouldfullyimmerse（沉浸）myselfinmywork

andsubjectsofphysics.

86.IrealizedwhatImissedmostduringmyundergraduatestudieswas87work.Itwas

alotmoresatisfyingthanjusttryingtodoscienceonpaper.88、mymaster'sdegreestudyprogramalso

givesmetheseopportunities.Iget89tosomanyresearchareasandopportunitiesforpracticalwork.

90alltheseexperiences,I'vediscoveredfbrmyselfwhatIwanttobeinphysics.

76.A.recallingB.writingC.inventingD.publishing

77.A.changedB.markedC.hitD.limited

78.A.medalistsB.graduatesC.mindsD.teachers

79.A.InsteadofB.OtherthanC.IncontrasttoD.Ratherthan

80.A.lockedB.arousedC.maintainedD.added

81.A.refuseB.missC.honorD.understand

82.A.lessonB.passionC.reasonD.subject

83.A.passesB.starsC.papersD.physics

84.A.motivationB.researchC.attitudeD.application

85.A.tookB.requiredC.meantD.started

86.A.LookingforwardB.LookingbackC.TurningoverD.Turningaround

87.A.seriousB.countlessC.officialD.practical

88.A.UndoubtedlyB.Possib.yC.NaturallyD.Fortunately

89.A.devotionB.accessC.admissionD.relation

90.A.ThankstoB.AsforC.InplaceofD.Forlackof

（2023秋?全國(guó)?高二假期作業(yè)）In2007,22yearoldRamesh'speanutfarmlostmoney.Aswasoftenthecase

inmostofIndia.Rameshwas91pesticides（殺蟲(chóng)劑）andfertilizersacrosshis2.4hectaresinthe

AnantapurdistrictofsouthernIndia.Inthisdeserdikearea,whichgetslessthan600millimetersofrainfallmost

years,farmingisa（n）92.

“Ilostalotofmoneygrowingpeanutsthroughchemicalfanning93saysRamesh,whoisinterested

inagriculture.Thechemicalsare94inmanypartsofsouthernIndia.Thefarmersdependtoomuchon

pesticides.Thechemicalsare95buttheproductionislow.Thenin2017,he96thechemicals.

“EversinceI97sustainableagriculturalpracticeslikenaturalfarming,theproductionhasbeen98

andthecosthasgonedown,“hesays.

Onenaturalfarmingmethodcallsfor99allchemicalfertilizersandpesticideswithorganicmatterto

boostsoilnutrientlevels.Rameshalsoexpandedhiscrops,100peanutsandsometomatoes.Thenhe

addedeggplantsandothercrops.

Withthe101ofthenonprofitorganizationAccionFratcrnaEcologyCentre,whichworkswith

farmerswhowanttotry102farming,Rameshincreasedhis103enoughtobuymoreland,

expandinghisfield.LikethousandsofotherfarmerspracticingnaturalfarmingacrossIndia,Rameshhas104

toenrichhisdeadsoilwhilehisnewtreeshelpkeepcarbonoutoftheatmosphere,thusplayinganimportantrole

inreducingIndia'scarbonfootprint.Recentstudyhasshownthat:hccarbonabsorption105ofnatural

farmingisasmuchas34percenthigherthanstandardformsofagriculture.

91.A.collectingB.applyingC.gainingD.robbing

92.A.advantageB.principleC.challengeD.disaster

93.A.phenomenaB.conditionsC.methodsD.analyses

94.A.accessibleB.specificC.missingD.mon

95.A.costlyB.usefulC.plicatedD.harmless

96.A.advocatedB.abandonedC.adoptedD.advanced

97.A.brokeupB.leftoutC.backedoutD.tookup

98.A.increasedB.emphasizedC.ruinedD.suspended

99.A.understandingB.replacingC.confusingD.rejecting

100.A.anxiouslyB.eventuallyC.rarelyD.originally

101.A.adjustmentB.aidC.exceptionD.debt

102.A.temporaryB.overseasC.sustainableD.abnormal

103.A.fitnessB.limitsC.profitsD.respect

104.A.managedB.hesitatedC.failedD.agreed

105.A.lossB.barrierC.creditD.potential

參考答案:

I.D2.C3.A4.C5.D6.B7.A8.C9.B10.CII.D12.B

13.A14.A15.D

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇記敘文。文章介紹了威廉?湯姆森的生平，并重點(diǎn)講述了他在科學(xué)和實(shí)際應(yīng)用方面所取

得的成就。

1.考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：1846年，他成為格拉斯哥的自然哲學(xué)教授，并擔(dān)任了50多年cA.sought

尋找；B.confirmed確認(rèn)；C.admired欽佩；D.held擔(dān)任。從空格前面的“professorofnaturalphilosophyin

Glasgow”及“apost”可知，此處表示他擔(dān)任這個(gè)職位長(zhǎng)達(dá)50多年。故選D項(xiàng)。

2.考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：在格拉斯哥，湯姆森建立了英國(guó)第一個(gè)物理實(shí)驗(yàn)室。A.tookup開(kāi)始從事；

Bbrokeup打碎;C.seiup建立;D.blewup爆炸。由空后的“thefirstphysicslaboratory”可知，此處表示湯

姆森在英國(guó)建立了第一個(gè)物理實(shí)驗(yàn)室。故選C項(xiàng)。

3.考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他是許多領(lǐng)域的先驅(qū)，尤其是電磁學(xué)和熱力學(xué)。A.fields領(lǐng)域；B.countries

國(guó)家；C.labs實(shí)驗(yàn)室；D.colleges學(xué)院。后面提到的“particularlyelectromagnetismandthermodynamics”是兩

個(gè)不同的領(lǐng)域。故選A項(xiàng)。

4.考查介詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：他和法拉第一起引入了電磁場(chǎng)的概念，在那里湯姆森發(fā)展了這一課題的先

驅(qū)尼古拉斯?卡諾和詹姆斯?焦耳的工作。A.Inspiteof盡管；B.Exceptfor除了;C.Togetherwith和...一

起；D.Regardlessof不管。根據(jù)下文“Faraday,hewasresponsiblefortheintroductionoftheconcepl”可知，此

處表示和法拉第?起，他負(fù)責(zé)引入了電磁場(chǎng)這個(gè)概念。故選C項(xiàng)。

5.考查名詞詞義辨析。句意:同上。A.mand命令;B.condition條件；C.contract合同；D.concept概念。

根據(jù)后文的“anelectromagneticfield”可知，他和法拉第一起引入了電磁場(chǎng)的概念。故選D。

6.考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他和法拉第一起引入了電磁場(chǎng)的概念，在那里湯姆森發(fā)展了這一課題的先

驅(qū)尼古拉斯?卡諾和詹姆斯?焦耳的工作。A.learners學(xué)習(xí)者；B.pioneers先驅(qū)；C.petitors競(jìng)爭(zhēng)者；D.leaders

領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者。根據(jù)上文的“developedtheworko「和下文的“ihesubje?！讣捌浜蟮膬蓚€(gè)人名可知，此處指的是湯

姆森發(fā)展了這兩位先驅(qū)者在這一學(xué)科的成就。故選B項(xiàng)。

7.考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：他工作中最重要的成果之一就是他的絕對(duì)零度概念——基于這個(gè)概念的

溫度計(jì)就是以他的名字命名的。A.important重要的;B.obvious明顯的；C.fortunate幸運(yùn)的；D.positive

積極的。結(jié)合下文的"hisideaofanabsolutezerooftcmpcraturcthcscalebasedonthisisnamed___8___him.”

可知，此處表示湯姆森所提出的重要的想法。故選A項(xiàng)。

8.考杳介詞詞義辨析。句意：他工作中最重要的成果之一就是他的絕對(duì)零度概念一基于這個(gè)概念的溫

度計(jì)就是以他的名字命名的。A.fbr為了;B.with和……一起;C.after在……后面;D.on在……上面。

此處是固定詞組nameafter,表示“以...命名”。故選C項(xiàng)。

9.考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他通過(guò)研究當(dāng)時(shí)的一個(gè)重大實(shí)際問(wèn)題——海底電報(bào)而成名。A.認(rèn)ealth財(cái)富；

B.fame名譽(yù)：C.contribution貢獻(xiàn);D.enthusiasm熱情。根據(jù)卜文“Hewas__10___asascientificadviserin

thelayingoftheAtlantictelegraphcablesin18571858and18651866,forwhichhewasknightedin1866.”可知,

他由于在大西洋電纜鋪設(shè)工作上的成就被授以爵位，故此處指他通過(guò)自己在海底電報(bào)方面的工作而成名。

故選B項(xiàng)。

10.考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：也曾在18571858年和18651866年鋪設(shè)大西洋電報(bào)電纜時(shí)擔(dān)任科學(xué)顧問(wèn)，

并于1866年獲封爵士。A.considered考慮；B.attracted吸引；C.employed聘用；D.accused控告。從空后

的"asascientificadviserinthelayingoftheAtlantictelegraphcables”可知，他被聘作科學(xué)顧問(wèn)來(lái)指導(dǎo)鋪設(shè)電

纜，故選C項(xiàng)。

11.考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他對(duì)海洋問(wèn)題的興趣也激發(fā)了他開(kāi)發(fā)水手羅盤、發(fā)明潮汐機(jī)和深度測(cè)量設(shè)

備,A.hobby愛(ài)好；B.desire欲望；C.success成功；D.interest興趣。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境并結(jié)合后面的“inmarineissues

alsoinspiredhimtodevelopamarinerstpass”可知，此處是指他對(duì)海洋問(wèn)題的興趣激勵(lì)他開(kāi)發(fā)了船用羅盤。故

選D項(xiàng)。

12.考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：他對(duì)海洋問(wèn)題的興趣也激發(fā)了他開(kāi)發(fā)水手羅盤、發(fā)明潮汐機(jī)和深度測(cè)量設(shè)

備,A.operate操作：B.invent發(fā)明;C.control控制；D.produce生產(chǎn)。結(jié)合前面的develop和后面的"atide

machineanddepthmeasuringequipment”可知,他發(fā)明了潮汐機(jī)和深度測(cè)量設(shè)備,下文的“Heinventedmany

electricalinstruments”也是提示。改選B項(xiàng)。

13.考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：他發(fā)明了許多電子儀器，他在格拉斯哥的房子是第一個(gè)被電燈照亮的。A.

lit照亮；B.built建造；C.dccoraicd裝飾；D.equipped裝備。后面的“byelectriclight”表示他家是第一家使

用電燈照明的家庭。故選A項(xiàng)。

14.考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：湯姆遜于1892年被提拔為貴族，被封為拉格斯的開(kāi)爾文男爵。A.litle頭

銜;B.name名字；C.honor榮譽(yù);D.award獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)。結(jié)合空前的"wasraisedtothenoblemen”和后面的"Baron

KelvinofLargsin1892”可知,在1892年他晉升成為貴族,擁有開(kāi)爾文勛爵的稱號(hào)。故選A項(xiàng)。

6考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：1907年12月17口，他死于蘇格蘭的埃爾郡,葬于威斯敏斯特教堂,A.preserved

保存；B.respected尊敬;C.admitted允許;D.buried埋葬。空處與前面的"Hediedon17December,1907”

呼應(yīng)，此處指他死后被埋葬在威斯敏斯特教堂里面。故選D項(xiàng)。

16.C17.B18.A19.D20.D21.B22.A23.B24.D25.B26.D

27.A28.C29.C30.A

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇記敘文。文章上要講述了AdaLovelace是如何對(duì)于計(jì)算機(jī)編程做出貢獻(xiàn)的以及她的開(kāi)創(chuàng)

性工作的影響。

16.考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：她作為第一個(gè)計(jì)算機(jī)程序員在歷史上贏得了一席之地——在今天的計(jì)算機(jī)

出現(xiàn)之前整整一個(gè)世紀(jì)。A.tutor導(dǎo)師;B.saleswoman女售貨員；C.programmer程序員;D.accountant會(huì)

計(jì),根據(jù)卜文“ManyhistorianswouldlaterconsiderthoseasthefirstputerprogramandAdaasthefirst

programmer.”可知，艾達(dá)是一名程序員＜,故選C。

17.考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：她作為笫一個(gè)計(jì)算機(jī)程序員在歷史上贏得了一席之地——在今天的計(jì)算機(jī)

出現(xiàn)之前整整一個(gè)世紀(jì)。A.brokedown分解；B.cameout出現(xiàn):C.diedout滅絕；D.showedoff炫耀。根

據(jù)前文的“inhistory”和下文的“afullcenturybeforetoday'spuiers”可知，在今天的計(jì)算機(jī)出現(xiàn)前整整一個(gè)世

紀(jì)，她就已經(jīng)是程序員。故選B。

18.考杳名詞詞義辨析。句意：地成為了當(dāng)今計(jì)算機(jī)行業(yè)女性的偶像。A.puler計(jì)算機(jī)；B.tourist游客；

C.vehicle車輛；D.agriculture農(nóng)業(yè)。根據(jù)下文“Manyhistorianswouldlaterconsiderthoseasthefirstputer

programandAdaasthefirstprogrammer.”可知，AdaLovelace是計(jì)算機(jī)行業(yè)的女性的偶【象。根據(jù)故選A。

19.考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他們的合作在19世紀(jì)30年代早期開(kāi)始的。A.settlement和解；B.conflict

沖突；C.argument爭(zhēng)論；D.cooperation合作。根據(jù)前文“Shecouldn'thavedoneitwithoutBritishmathematician

CharlesBabbage.（如果沒(méi)有英國(guó)數(shù)學(xué)家查爾斯?巴貝奇,她不可能做到這一點(diǎn)。）“可知,他們開(kāi)始了合作。

故選D。

20.考杳動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：巴貝奇為一臺(tái)詳細(xì)的更雜的機(jī)器起草了計(jì)劃，他稱之為“差分機(jī)”——實(shí)際

上是一個(gè)巨大的機(jī)械計(jì)算器。A.shutdown關(guān)閉；B.sloweddown減慢；C.followedup跟隨；D.drawnup

起草。根據(jù)下文“Inthemiddleofhisworkonit”可知，巴貝奇草擬了計(jì)劃，致力于它。故選D。

21.考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：在他工作的過(guò)程中，艾達(dá)在一次聚會(huì)上遇到了巴貝奇。A.inquired詢問(wèn)；

B.met遇見(jiàn)；C.criticized批評(píng);D.accepted接受。根據(jù)下文“Thetwostruckupaworkingrelationship（兩人建

立了工作關(guān)系廣可知，他們?cè)谝淮尉蹠?huì)是遇見(jiàn)。故選B。

22.考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這是數(shù)學(xué)上的一見(jiàn)鐘情。A.loveg；B.mistake錯(cuò)誤；C.problem問(wèn)題;

D.addiction入迷;嗜好。根據(jù)下文“Thetwostruckupaworkingrelationshipandeventualclosefriendshipthat

would8untilAda'sdeath.（兩人建立了工作關(guān)系，并最終成為親密的朋友，一直持續(xù)到艾達(dá)去世‘）”

可知，對(duì)數(shù)學(xué)的愛(ài)讓他們一見(jiàn)如故。故選A。

23.考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：兩人建立了工作關(guān)系，并最終成為親密的朋友，一直持續(xù)到艾達(dá)去世。A.

form形成;B.Iasi持續(xù);C.matter要緊;重要：D.couni計(jì)算。根據(jù)下文“Thetwostruckupaworkingrelationship

andevemualclosefriendship"可知,他們成為了親密的朋友，友誼一直持續(xù)到艾達(dá)去世。故選B。

24.考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：然后，他展示了這臺(tái)機(jī)器的一個(gè)不完整的原型。A.bought買；B.restored

修更；恢復(fù)；C.represented代表；D.showed展示。根據(jù)前文“BabbageusedhisDifferenceEnginetobrainstorm

anewAnalyticalEngine.（巴貝奇用他的差分機(jī)頭腦風(fēng)暴出了一臺(tái)新的分析機(jī)。廠可知，他把機(jī)器的出行給

艾達(dá)看。故選D。

25.考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：艾達(dá)看到了這臺(tái)機(jī)器的真正潛力。A.context上下文;B.potential潛力；可

能性;C.bonus獎(jiǎng)金;津貼；D.damage毀壞;損害。根據(jù)下文"TheAnalyticalEnginewasmorethana

calculator.（這臺(tái)分析機(jī)不僅僅是一臺(tái)計(jì)算器。）”可知，這臺(tái)機(jī)器潛力很大。故選B。

26.考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)用戶發(fā)出命令時(shí)，這臺(tái)機(jī)器幾乎可以執(zhí)行任何命令的數(shù)學(xué)任務(wù)。A.obeyed

遵守;B.stopped停止;C.needed需要；D.sent發(fā)送。寄出。根據(jù)下文“nearlyanymathematicaltaskordered”

可知，用戶發(fā)出指令。故選D。

27.考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)用戶發(fā)出命令時(shí)，這臺(tái)引擎幾乎可以執(zhí)行任何命令的數(shù)學(xué)任務(wù)。A.perform

執(zhí)行；B.input輸入;C.quit退出;D.study研究。根據(jù)下文“Adaevenwroteinstructionsfor13a

plicatedmathproblem.”可知，用戶發(fā)出命令，引擎執(zhí)行這些任務(wù)。故選A。

28.考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：艾達(dá)甚至寫(xiě)下了解決一道復(fù)朵數(shù)學(xué)題的說(shuō)明。A.discovering發(fā)現(xiàn)；B.creating

創(chuàng)造；C.solving解決；D.raising提高。根據(jù)下文“Manyhistorianswouldlaterconsiderthoseasthefirstputcr

programandAdaasthefirstprogrammer.（許多歷史學(xué)家后來(lái)認(rèn)為這叫是第一個(gè)i|,算機(jī)程序，艾達(dá)是第一個(gè)程

序員。）“可知，艾達(dá)寫(xiě)了解決復(fù)雜的數(shù)學(xué)題的說(shuō)明。故選C。

29.考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：每年10月的第二個(gè)星期二被定為艾達(dá)?洛芙蕾絲日，在這一天表彰女性在

科學(xué)、技術(shù)、工程和數(shù)學(xué)方面的貢獻(xiàn)。A.beauty美麗：B.humor幽默；C.contribution貢獻(xiàn);D.secret秘密。

根據(jù)上文講述的艾達(dá)的事跡以及她做出的貢獻(xiàn)和下文“ofwomentoscience,technology,engineering,and

mathematics”可知，在這一天表彰女性在科學(xué)、技術(shù)、工程和數(shù)學(xué)方面的貢獻(xiàn)。故選C。

30.考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：每年10月的第二個(gè)星期二被定為艾達(dá)?洛芙蕾絲日，在這一天表彰女性在

科學(xué)、技術(shù)、工程和數(shù)學(xué)方面的貢獻(xiàn)。A.honored給以...榮譽(yù)：B.postponed延期；C.integrated合并；

D.adopted收養(yǎng)。根據(jù)上文“ThesecondTuesdayinOctoberhasbeeAdaLovelaceDay”可知，10月的第二個(gè)星

期二被定為艾達(dá)?洛芙蕾絲日，是為了紀(jì)念艾達(dá)，并表彰女性對(duì)科學(xué)，技術(shù)，工程和數(shù)學(xué)的貢獻(xiàn)。故選A。

31.C32.A33.A34.B35.D36.B37.D38.B39.A40.B41.C

42.D43.C44.A45.D

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了英國(guó)科學(xué)家斯蒂芬?霍金身殘志堅(jiān)，通往成功的過(guò)程。

31.考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：斯蒂芬?霍金不僅改變了人們對(duì)科學(xué)的看法，也改變了人們對(duì)殘疾的看法。

A.nature自然：B.knowledgeB.knowledge知識(shí)；C.disabilily殘疾；D.space空間。根據(jù)卜.文“Throughoutthe

1960s,herequiredsticktowalk”可知，此處指改變了人們對(duì)“殘疾”的看法。故選C項(xiàng)。

32.考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析二句意：他在二十多歲時(shí)被診斷患有運(yùn)動(dòng)神經(jīng)元疾病，他的許多科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)都是在他

身體衰退的時(shí)候取得的。A.failing出故障，衰退；B.recovering恢復(fù)；C.shaking搖晃；D.growing生長(zhǎng)。

根據(jù)前文“Diagnosed（診斷）withmotorneuronedisease”可知，此處指在他身體“衰退”期間，他完成了很多

科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)。故選A項(xiàng)。

33.考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)霍金在牛津大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)，他因活潑、幽默和受歡迎而出名。A.name名

譽(yù)，名聲；B.request要求；C.career職業(yè)生涯；D.fanmsy幻想。根據(jù)下文“fbrbeinglively,humorousand

popular”可知，此處指霍金因?yàn)榛顫姟⒂哪褪軞g迎而“出名故選A項(xiàng)。

34.考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：然再，在牛津大學(xué)的最后一年，他無(wú)緣無(wú)故摔倒了。A.Hence因此；B.However

然而；C.Besides而且；D.Instead代替，而不是。根據(jù)下文“hefelloverfbrnoparticularreason”可知，此處

和上文為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，指無(wú)緣無(wú)故他摔倒了。故選B項(xiàng)。

35.考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)發(fā)現(xiàn)自己的語(yǔ)言開(kāi)始變得模糊不清時(shí)，霍金尋求醫(yī)療幫助。A.inaccurate

不精確的；B.boring尢聊的；C.bricf簡(jiǎn)潔的；D.unclcar小清楚的。根據(jù)下文“Hawkingsoughtmedicalhelp”

可知，此處指霍金發(fā)現(xiàn)自己語(yǔ)言變得"不清楚'’時(shí)，他開(kāi)始尋求醫(yī)療幫助。故選D項(xiàng)。

36.考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)時(shí)的醫(yī)生說(shuō)他只能活不到兩年了。A.relax放松：B.live生存，活著：C.study

學(xué)習(xí)；D.adopl采納。根據(jù)下文“Luckily,hesurvived.”可知，此處指醫(yī)生說(shuō)他“活”不到兩年。故