Unit10I'vehadthisbikeforthreeyears.3．sweet甜蜜的；甜的；含糖的adj.1．nowadays現(xiàn)今；現(xiàn)在；目前adv.7．crayon彩色鉛筆(或粉筆、蠟筆)n.9．shame羞恥；羞愧；慚愧n.11．regard將…認(rèn)為；把…視為；看待v.2．junior地位(或職位、級(jí)別)低下的adj.10．railway鐵路；鐵道n.14．certain某種；某事；某人adj.16．honest誠實(shí)的；老實(shí)的adj.20．truthful誠實(shí)的；真實(shí)的adj.22．hometown家鄉(xiāng)；故鄉(xiāng)n.4．especially尤其；特別；格外adv.8．consider注視；仔細(xì)考慮v.13．opposite與…相對(duì)；在…對(duì)面prep.對(duì)面的；另一邊的adj.1．yardsales庭院拍賣會(huì)2．tobehonest說實(shí)在的3．givesth.awayto……把某物捐贈(zèng)給……4．inneed需要5．softtoys軟體玩具；布絨玩具7．checkout察看；觀察9．juniorhighschool初級(jí)中學(xué)11．boardgames棋類游戲13．clearout清理；丟掉15．nolonger不再；不復(fù)6．breadmakers面包機(jī)8．not……anymore不再……10．a(chǎn)coupleofmonths幾個(gè)月12．foralongtime好長時(shí)間14．growupfast長得快16．decidetodosth.決定做某事17．partwith放棄,交出(尤指不舍得的東西)1．a(chǎn)ccordingto依據(jù);按照5．hometownfeelings家鄉(xiāng)情9．millionsof數(shù)百萬的2．searchforwork找工作4．withgreatinterest帶著極大的興趣6．betrueof…對(duì)…適用，符合于…8．beinterestedin…對(duì)…感興趣1．—Howlonghaveyouhadthatbikeoverthere?—I'vehaditforthreeyears!我買了三年了！2．Wehavedecidedtoeachsellfivethingsthatwenolongeruse.我們決定每人賣掉5件不再用的東西。3．Youcangiveoldthingsawaytopeopleinneed.你可以把舊物品捐贈(zèng)給有需要的人。4．IhavehadthetoysinceIwasababy.自從我小時(shí)候起，我就有這個(gè)玩具了。5．Asforme,Ididnotwanttogiveupmyfootballshirts,but,tobehonest,Ihavenotplayedforawhilenow.就我而言，我不想放棄我的足球衫，但老實(shí)說，我現(xiàn)在有一段時(shí)6．Tobehonest,asforhim,hefeltsadtopartwithhistoys.老實(shí)說，對(duì)于他來說，放棄他的玩具讓他感到傷心。1．Howoftendoyouthinkthesepeoplevisittheirhometowns?你覺得這些人多久回家鄉(xiāng)看望一次？2．AccordingtoZhongWei,however,somethingswillneverchange.然而，對(duì)鐘偉來說，有些東西永遠(yuǎn)也不會(huì)改變。3．Nowadays,millionsofChineseleavethecountrysidetosearchforworkinthecities.如今數(shù)百萬的中國人離開農(nóng)村去城市找工作。4．Inoticedthat'strueofmyhometown.我注意到我的家鄉(xiāng)也是這樣。5．Ourhometownhasleftmanysoftandsweetmemoriesinourhearts.我們的家鄉(xiāng)已經(jīng)在我們的心里留下了許多柔軟、甜美的回憶。6．Thebigoldtreehasbecomeasymboloftheplace.那棵古老的大樹已經(jīng)成了這個(gè)地方的一個(gè)標(biāo)志。1．sale(名詞)—sell(動(dòng)詞)2．junior(形容詞)—senior(對(duì)應(yīng)詞)3．toy(名詞)—toys(復(fù)數(shù))4．certain(形容詞)—certainly(副詞)5．make(動(dòng)詞)—maker(名詞)6．true(形容詞)—truth(名詞)—truthful(形容詞)7．own(動(dòng)詞)—owner(名詞)8．honest(形容詞)—dishonest(對(duì)應(yīng)詞)—honesty(名詞)1．century(名詞)—centuries(復(fù)數(shù))2．especial(形容詞)—especially(副詞)3．hold—held(過去式)—held(過去分詞)?表示從過去開始持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，可以和表示“從過去某一時(shí)刻延續(xù)到現(xiàn)since+一段時(shí)間+ago”等。且for與since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語可以進(jìn)行相互轉(zhuǎn)換。eg：Myunclehasworkedatthisfactoryfortenyears.=Myunclehasworkedatthisfactorysincetenyearsago.我的叔叔已經(jīng)在這個(gè)工廠工作了10年。Mr.BlackhastaughtinChinasince2000.?句中動(dòng)詞的特點(diǎn)此種用法中表示持續(xù)性的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞必須是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞（否定句除外）eg：I'vehadthecameraforthreeyear.這部照相機(jī)我已經(jīng)買了3年了。Howlonghasyourelderbrotherbeeninthearmy/beenasoldier??延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞與非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞表示經(jīng)驗(yàn)、經(jīng)歷；非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞表示行為的結(jié)果不能與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語①非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞與短暫性時(shí)間（點(diǎn)）連用。eg：Hejoinedtheleaguethreeyearsago.他入團(tuán)3年了。②用“Itis/hasbeen+時(shí)間段+since...”句型。eg：Itis/hasbeenthreeyearssinceIboughtthebook.這本書我買了3年了。③用相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞替換非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，句子用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，時(shí)間狀語為“for+時(shí)eg：Theoldmandied4yearsago.=Theoldmanhasbeendeadfor4years.Iborrowedthebook5daysago.=Ihavekeptthebooksince5daysago.④英語中，按動(dòng)詞延續(xù)的時(shí)間長短，可將動(dòng)詞分為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和短暫性動(dòng)詞。延續(xù)性延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，就是可以想做多久就做多久的事情，只要你不累。短暫性動(dòng)詞就是一瞬間的事eg：Hisgrandfatherhasdiedfortenyears.(×)Hisgrandfatherhasbeendeadfortenyears.(√)他的祖父已經(jīng)去世十年了。Mybrotherhasjoinedthearmysincefiveyearsago.(×)Mybrotherhasbeeninthearmysincefiveyearsago.(√)我的兄弟自從五年前就在軍隊(duì)服役了。Howlonghasthefilmbegu牢記：常見的短暫性動(dòng)詞對(duì)應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞meet遇見borrow借來buy買join加入wear穿著know認(rèn)識(shí)keep持有have擁有bein在……里了catch/get+病得病leave離開……h(huán)ave+病有病beawayfrom離開……了ncometo/gotoreach/arrivein(at)來，去，到達(dá)start/begifinish/endmarry死gobackto/returnto返回become變成fallasleep/gettosleep入睡bein/atbedeadbeonbeover在……死了的進(jìn)行了beopen(adj.)開著的beclosed(adj.)關(guān)著的bemarried已婚的bebackto回來了beout在外面了be是beasleep睡著的eg：Wehavehadthebookforthreeyears.(√)這本書我們買了三年了。Wehaveboughtthebookthreeyearsago.(×)Hehashadacoldforthreedays.(√)他感冒三天了.Hehascaughtacoldthreedaysago.(×)Ihavekeptthebooksincelastweek.(√)自從上星期以來,我就借了這本書.Ihaveborrowedthebooklastweek.(×)Ihavebeenastudentforovertwoyears.(√)我成為一個(gè)學(xué)生兩年多了.Ihavebecomeastudenttwoyearsago.(×)MrBlackhasbeendeadforthreeyears.(√)MrBlack死了三年了。MrBlackhasdiedthreeyearsago.(×)XiaoMinghasbeenasoldierforhalfayear.(√)小明參軍半年了。XiaoMinghasjoinedthearmyhalfayearago.(×)howlong多久,多長常用“for+時(shí)間段”或“since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)”“since對(duì)時(shí)間段提問+從句（過去時(shí)）”“since+一段時(shí)間+ago”來回答howsoonhowoftenhowfar對(duì)“in+時(shí)間常用于一般將來時(shí)的句對(duì)頻率提問對(duì)距離提問常用“in+時(shí)間段”來回答常用“once/twice/…”等來回答其答語是表距離的內(nèi)容eg：—Howlonghaveyouhadthatbikeoverthere?—I'vehaditforthreeyears!我買了三年了！.其后接表示“一段時(shí)間”的名詞性短語，可用于多種時(shí)態(tài)常用于完成時(shí)態(tài)中；還用于句型“It's+時(shí)間段+since+一般過去時(shí)的句子”中eg：I'veworkedinthiscityforsevenyears.我在這座城市里工作7年了。Hehasplayedgamesforthreehours.他已經(jīng)玩游戲玩了3個(gè)小時(shí)了。I'veplayedbasketballsinceIwas10yearsold.我從10歲起就開始打籃球了。Shehastaughtinthisschoolsincethreeyearsago.她從三年前開始在這所學(xué)校教書。Itis/hasbeenthreeyearssinceIboughtthebook.這本書我買了3年了?！铩癴or+時(shí)間段”可與“since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)/一般過去時(shí)的句子”相互轉(zhuǎn)換。eg：Ihavelivedherefortwoyears.=Ihavelivedheresincelastyear.則可以放在bring與back之間，也可以放在back之后。eg：Amywantstokeepheroldthingsbecausetheybringbacksweetmemories.埃米想留著她的舊東西，因?yàn)樗鼈兡芄雌鹛鹈鄣幕貞?。Yourarticlebringsbackhappymemoriesforme.你的文章勾起了我美好的回憶。eg：Checkoutthesesofttoysandboardgamesforyoungerkids.看看這些軟玩具和小朋友的棋盤游戲。Hey,checkoutthatcar!喂，快看那輛汽車！Wecheckedoutatnoon.我們中午結(jié)賬離開的。收拾”eg：Wehavealreadyclearedoutalotofthingsfromourbedrooms.我們已經(jīng)從臥室里清理出來了許多東西。Weclearedoutallouroldclothes.我們?nèi)拥袅怂械呐f衣服。Clearallthosepapersoffthedesk.把桌子上所有那些文件都拿走。nolongernomoreeg：Wehavedecidedtoeachsellfivethingsthatwenolongeruse.我們決定每人賣掉5件不再用的東西。Thiswordisnolongerinuse.=Thiswordisnotinuseanylonger.這個(gè)詞已經(jīng)不再用了。Henolongerliveshere.他不再住這兒了。Timelostwillnomorereturn.時(shí)光一去不復(fù)返?？筛~、代詞或v.-ing形式作賓語。既可放在句首，也可放在句中。eg：Asforme,Ididnotwanttogiveupmyfootballshirts,but,tobehonest,Ihavenotplayedforawhilenow.就我而言，我不想放棄我的足球衫，但老實(shí)說，我現(xiàn)在有一段時(shí)間不踢球了。Asfortheman,Iknownothingabouthim.至于那個(gè)人，我對(duì)他一無所知。IlikeEnglishverymuch.ButasformathIdon'tlikeit.我非常喜歡英語。但至于數(shù)學(xué)，我不喜歡它。eg：Tobehonest,I’dratherstayathome.說實(shí)話，我寧愿待在家里。Tobehonest（=Totellthetruth）,Idon'tlikeyournewdressatall.說實(shí)在的，我一點(diǎn)兒也不喜歡你的新裙子。eg：Nowadays,millionsofChineseleavethecountrysidetosearchforworkinthecities.如今，數(shù)以百萬計(jì)的中國人離開農(nóng)村到城市找工作。Heissearchingforhissunglasses.他正在找他的太陽鏡。Theysearchedtheforestforthelostchild.他們?cè)谏掷飳ふ夷莻€(gè)走失的小孩兒。betweenamong均用between。常用結(jié)構(gòu)：between……and……“在什么與什么之間”。指“在……之間”，一般指三者或三者以上之間。其賓語可以是復(fù)數(shù)的名詞或代詞，eg：AmongtheseisZhongWei,a46-year-oldhusbandandfather.鐘偉，一個(gè)46歲的丈夫和父親，就是其中之一。Shewasamongthelasttoleave.她是最后離去者之一。Hebuiltahouseamongthetrees.他在樹林中蓋了一座房子。Heisamongfriendsnow.他現(xiàn)在周圍都是朋友。IsatdownbetweenJoeandDiana.我在喬和黛安娜中間坐下。物動(dòng)詞，意為“歸還”，常構(gòu)成短語：returnsth.tosb./returnsb.sth.，表示“把某物還給eg：Iusedtoreturnhomeatleastonceayear,butIhaven'tbeenbackforalmostthreeyearsnow.我過去至少一年回一次家，但是現(xiàn)在我?guī)缀跞隂]有回去了。Itwasfortyfiveminutesbeforeshereturned.過了四十五分鐘她才回來。Hereturnedtoschoolbybikeyesterday.他昨天騎自行車返回了學(xué)校。Pleasereturnmethebook.=Pleasereturnthebooktome.請(qǐng)把那本書還給我。regard作及物動(dòng)詞，意為“注視，關(guān)注，留意”。reas為介詞，其后可接名詞或代詞。eg：ManypeoplelikeZhongWeiregardwithgreatinteresthowtheirhometownshavechanged.許多像鐘偉一樣的人都帶著極大興趣關(guān)注著家鄉(xiāng)發(fā)生的變化。Iregardyouasmybestfriend.我把你當(dāng)作我最好的朋友。accordingto意為“依據(jù)；eg：AccordingtoZhongWei,however,somethingswillneverchange.然而，對(duì)鐘偉來說，有些東西永遠(yuǎn)也不會(huì)改變。Everythingwentaccordingtoplan.一切按照計(jì)劃進(jìn)行。Accordingtowhathesaid,itwasagreatmovie.根據(jù)他所說的話，那是一部了不起的電影。介詞意為“在……對(duì)面”，相當(dāng)于acrossfrom，常與名詞一起構(gòu)成介詞短語，表形容詞意為“另一邊的；對(duì)面的；相反的”意為“在對(duì)面”eg：Inmyhometown,therewasabigoldtreeoppositetheschool.在我的家鄉(xiāng)，學(xué)校對(duì)面有一棵古老的大樹。Theyliveoppositethemoviethea