第08講閱讀理解長(zhǎng)難句分析

目錄

01課標(biāo)達(dá)標(biāo)練（基礎(chǔ)練）

國(guó)考向01考查長(zhǎng)難句結(jié)構(gòu)分析

阿考向02考查長(zhǎng)難句在閱讀理解中運(yùn)用

02核心突破練

01

Fi

課標(biāo)達(dá)標(biāo)練

考向oi考查長(zhǎng)難句結(jié)構(gòu)分析

1.Adirtystream,forexample,oftenbecameclearafterflowingthroughplantsandalongrockswheretiny

creatureslived.

句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析：__________________________________________________________________________________

翻譯：__________________________________________________________________________________

句意為：例如，一條污濁的小溪，在流經(jīng)植物和微小生物棲息的巖石后，通常會(huì)變得清澈。

本句中forexample為插入語(yǔ)，afterflowingthroughplantsandalongrocks...為時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，其中包含一個(gè)由

where引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞rocks。（新課標(biāo)I卷）

2.Inpartone,Idescribethephilosophicalfoundationsofdigitalminimalism,startingwithanexaminationofthe

forcesthataremakingsomanypeople'sdigitallivesincreasinglyintolerable,beforemovingontoadetailed

discussionofthedigitalminimalismphilosophy.

句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析：__________________________________________________________________________________

翻譯：__________________________________________________________________________________

句意為：在第一部分中，我論述了數(shù)字極簡(jiǎn)主義的哲學(xué)基礎(chǔ)，首先探討了到底是什么樣的力量使得許多人

的數(shù)字生活越來(lái)越難以忍受，然后對(duì)數(shù)字極簡(jiǎn)主義生活準(zhǔn)則進(jìn)行詳細(xì)討論。

startingwith...為分詞結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語(yǔ)；that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞forces。（新課標(biāo)I卷）

3.Attheendofthethirtydays,youwillthenaddbackasmallnumberofcarefullychosenonlineactivitiesthatyou

believewillprovidemassivebenefitstothethingsyouvalue.

句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析：__________________________________________________________________________________

翻譯：__________________________________________________________________________________

句意為：在三十天結(jié)束時(shí)，你可以恢復(fù)少量精心挑選的，你認(rèn)為將對(duì)你所珍視的東西大有裨益的線上活動(dòng)。

that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞onlineactivities；youvalue為省略了引導(dǎo)詞的定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞thethings（.

（新課標(biāo)I卷）

4.You'llheartheseparticipants,storiesandlearnwhatstrategiesworkedwellforthem,andwhattrapsthey

encounteredthatyoushouldavoid.

句意為：你將了解到這些參與者的故事，知悉哪些策略對(duì)他們有效，以及他們遇到了哪些你應(yīng)當(dāng)避免的陷

阱。learn后有兩個(gè)由what引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞traps。（新課標(biāo)I卷）

5.Inthesechapters,Iexamineissuessuchastheimportanceofsolitudeandthenecessityofcultivating

high-qualityleisuretoreplacethetimemostnowspendonmindlessdeviceuse.

句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析：__________________________________________________________________________________

翻譯：__________________________________________________________________________________

句意為：在這些章節(jié)中，我探討了獨(dú)處的重要性，以及培養(yǎng)高質(zhì)量休閑活動(dòng)的必要性等問(wèn)題，以取代現(xiàn)在

大多數(shù)人漫無(wú)目的地使用電子設(shè)備而花費(fèi)的時(shí)間。

mostnowspendon...為省略了引導(dǎo)詞的定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞thetime,most意為“大多數(shù)人”。（新課標(biāo)I

卷）

6.Thekeyfindingofthestudywasthatwhencrowdswerefurtherdividedintosmallergroupsthatwereallowedto

haveadiscussion,theaveragesfromthesegroupsweremoreaccuratethanthosefromanequalnumberof

independentindividuals.

句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析：__________________________________________________________________________________

翻譯：__________________________________________________________________________________

句意為：這項(xiàng)研究的重要發(fā)現(xiàn)是，當(dāng)大的群體被進(jìn)一步分成更小的群體并允許討論時(shí)，這些群體（估算）

的平均值比同樣數(shù)量的獨(dú)立個(gè)體的平均值更準(zhǔn)確。

本句主干是個(gè)主系表結(jié)構(gòu)：thekeyfindingofthestudywasthatthat引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句由一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句構(gòu)

成，其中when引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句中又包含一個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞smallergroups,主句the

averagesfromthesegroupsweremoreaccuratethanthosefromanequalnumberofindependentindividuals中的

those指代theaverages。（新課標(biāo)I卷）

7.Theimageofthereaderappearsthroughouthistory,inartmadelongbeforebooksaswenowknowthemcame

intobeing.

句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析：__________________________________________________________________________________

翻譯：__________________________________________________________________________________

句意為：閱讀者的形象是貫穿歷史的，早在我們?nèi)缃袷熘臅霈F(xiàn)之前很久，就已有展現(xiàn)閱讀者形象的

藝術(shù)作品問(wèn)世。

句子主干是：Theimageofthereaderappearsthroughouthistoryoinart…作狀語(yǔ)，madelongbeforebooks...

cameintobeing作后置定語(yǔ)，修飾art；aswenowknowthem為插入語(yǔ)。（新課標(biāo)II卷）

8.Morerecently,asbookshavebecomeinexpensiveoreventhrowaway,artistshaveusedthemastherawmaterial

forartworks-transformingcovers,pagesorevencompletevolumesintopaintingsandsculptures.

句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析：__________________________________________________________________________________

翻譯：__________________________________________________________________________________

句意為：最近，由于書籍變得廉價(jià)甚至被隨意丟棄，藝術(shù)家們已經(jīng)將書籍用作藝術(shù)品的原材料，將書籍的

封面、內(nèi)頁(yè)甚至整本書變成繪畫和雕塑作品。

本句為主從復(fù)合句，主句的主干為artistshaveusedthemastherawmaterialforartworksoas引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從

句，主句后的動(dòng)詞-ing短語(yǔ)作伴隨狀語(yǔ)。（新課標(biāo)II卷）

9.Theysurveyedseveralhundredpark-goers,askingthemtosubmitawrittensummaryonlineofameaningful

interactiontheyhadwithnatureinthepark.

句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析：__________________________________________________________________________________

翻譯：__________________________________________________________________________________

句意為：他們調(diào)查了數(shù)百名公園游客，要求他們?cè)诰€提交一份書面總結(jié)，描述一下他們?cè)诠珗@里與大自然

進(jìn)行的一次有意義的互動(dòng)。

句子主干是：Theysurveyedseveralhundredpark-goers；askingthem...natureinthepark作伴隨狀語(yǔ)；伴隨狀

語(yǔ)中theyhadwithnatureinthepark是省略了關(guān)系代詞的定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞interactiono（新課標(biāo)II卷）

10.Namingeachnatureexperiencecreatesausablelanguage,whichhelpspeoplerecognizeandtakepartinthe

activitiesthataremostsatisfyingandmeaningfultothem.

句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析：__________________________________________________________________________________

翻WJJ譯：*____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

句意為：為每種自然體驗(yàn)命名可以創(chuàng)造出一個(gè)可用的語(yǔ)言，它有助于幫助人們認(rèn)識(shí)和參與最令人滿意和有

意義的活動(dòng)。

句子主干是：Namingeachnatureexperiencecreatesausablelanguage；which弓|導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞

language,該定語(yǔ)從句中又包含另一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句thataremostsatisfyingandmeaningfultothem,修飾先行詞

activities。

考向02考查長(zhǎng)難句在閱讀理解中運(yùn)用

【長(zhǎng)難句考例分析】

wasGarzasmoveasuccess?

A.Itstrengthenedherfamilyties.

B.Itimprovedherlivingconditions.

C.Itenabledhertomakemorefriends.

D.Ithelpedherknowmorenewplaces.

主要答題依據(jù)：Todayallthreegenerationsregardthemoveasasuccess,givingthemacloser

relationshipthantheywouldhavehadinseparatecities.

分析：本句主干是一個(gè)主謂+復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的簡(jiǎn)單句，隨后帶了一個(gè)V-ing形式作原因狀語(yǔ)(其邏輯主語(yǔ)是

themove),這個(gè)原因狀語(yǔ)中又包含一個(gè)隱含虛擬語(yǔ)氣的定語(yǔ)從句。題干與本句的主干意義一致，所以本題

主要考查對(duì)原因狀語(yǔ)的理解。結(jié)合虛擬語(yǔ)氣的用法可知，原因狀語(yǔ)意思是說(shuō)，搬到一起后，他們之間的關(guān)

系更親密了。如果他們不曾搬家，而是住在各自的城市里，他們之間的關(guān)系就不會(huì)比現(xiàn)在更親密。故本題

選Ao

didCrosbysayaboutpeopleinthe1960s?

A.Theywereunsureofthemselves.

B.Theywereeagertoraisemorechildren.

C.Theywantedtoliveawayfromtheirparents.

D.Theyhadlittlerespectfortheirgrandparents.

主要答題依據(jù)：“Inthe1960swewereallalittlewildandcouldiTtgetawayfromhomefarenoughor

fastenoughtoprovewecoulddoitonourown,“saysChristineCrosby,publisherofGrand,amagazine

forgrandparents.

分析：本題主要考查對(duì)引號(hào)中句子的理解。這個(gè)句子的結(jié)構(gòu)并不復(fù)雜，第一個(gè)分句是主系表結(jié)構(gòu)；第

二個(gè)分句是省略了主語(yǔ)的主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)，其后再加far和fast及動(dòng)詞不定式作狀語(yǔ)。本句難就難在考查了一個(gè)

特殊的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)"cant/couldn^…enough...”表示“越……越好”，所以引號(hào)中句子的意思是“在20世紀(jì)60年

代我們都有一點(diǎn)瘋狂，為了證明我們可以獨(dú)立，我們認(rèn)為離家越遠(yuǎn)越好，越快越好?！惫时绢}選C。

madetheauthorsgettingupearlyworthwhile?

A.Havingaswim.

B.Breathinginfreshair.

C.Walkinginthemorningsun.

D.Visitingalocalfarmersmarket.

主要答題依據(jù)：Swimmingpools9winetasting,andpinksunsets(atnormaleveninghours9not4

intheafternoon)Hlledtheweekend,butthebestpart-particularlytomytaste,dulledbymonthsof

cold-weatherrootvegetables—wasa7a.m.adventuretotheSarasotafarmersmarketthatprovedtobe

morethanworththeearlywake-upcall.

分析：這個(gè)句子是一個(gè)長(zhǎng)句，但本句其實(shí)就是一個(gè)由but連接的轉(zhuǎn)折并列句。第一個(gè)分句是一個(gè)主謂賓

簡(jiǎn)單句"Swimmingpools,winetasting,andpinksunsetsfilledtheweekend^^；第二個(gè)分句是個(gè)主系表簡(jiǎn)單句

“thebestpartwasa7a.m.adventure"。第一個(gè)分句的主語(yǔ)后加了插入語(yǔ)對(duì)pinksunsets補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明；第二個(gè)分句

的主謂之間也用破折號(hào)加入了插入語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)“a7a.m.adventure”后帶了介詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)和分隔式定語(yǔ)從句。

定語(yǔ)從句"thatprovedtobemorethanworththeearlywake-upcall”中的that指代adventure,再根據(jù)adventure

后的定語(yǔ)可知，這次冒險(xiǎn)是指早起去Sarasota當(dāng)?shù)氐霓r(nóng)貿(mào)市場(chǎng)，因此本題答案選D。

wastheauthorgoingtodothatevening?

A.Gotoafarm.

B.Checkintoahotel.

C.Eatinarestaurant.

D.Buyfreshvegetables.

主要答題依據(jù)：DelightedasIwasbythetomatoesinsight,myhappinessdeepenedwhenIlearned

thatBrownsGroveFarmisoneofthesuppliersforJackDusty,anewlyopenedrestaurantattheSarasota

RitzCarlton,where——luckilyforme——Iwasplanningtohavedinnerthatverynight.

分析：本句是一個(gè)復(fù)雜的主從復(fù)合句。主句為主謂結(jié)構(gòu)的簡(jiǎn)單句“myhappinessdeepened”，其前面是一

個(gè)as引導(dǎo)的倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，其后是when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，這個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中又包含一

個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的主系表結(jié)構(gòu)的賓語(yǔ)從句，這個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句中有一個(gè)介詞短語(yǔ)forJackDusty作狀語(yǔ)，其后接“a

newlyopenedrestaurantattheSarasotaRitzCarlton”作JackDusty的同位語(yǔ)，補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明JackDusty是一家新開(kāi)

的餐館,然后再由where引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明我打算要在那天晚上在JackDusty這家新開(kāi)的餐館

里吃飯，故答案選C。

Inthe18thandearly19thcenturies,passengerpigeons.

A.werethebiggestbirdintheworld

B.livedmainlyinthesouthofAmerica

C.didgreatharmtothenaturalenvironment

D.werethelargestbirdpopulationintheUS

主要答題依據(jù)：Itwascalculatedthatwhenitspopulationreacheditshighestpoint,thereweremore

than3billionpassengerpigeons-anumberequalto24to40percentofthetotalbirdpopulationinthe

UnitedStates,makingitperhapsthemostabundantbirdintheworld.

分析：本句是一彳固由that引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句。that引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句中包含一個(gè)由when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)

間狀語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句，這個(gè)復(fù)合句的主句是therebe句型，其主語(yǔ)“morethan3billionpassengerpigeons^^

后由破折號(hào)引出同位語(yǔ)anumber,然后再接定語(yǔ)從句“whichisequalto24to40percentofthetotalbird

populationintheUnitedStates”的省略形式（省略了whichis）作anumber的后置定語(yǔ)，最后這個(gè)therebe句

型后又跟了一個(gè)V-ing形式的結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)。根據(jù)這個(gè)句子的意思及仔細(xì)比較四個(gè)選項(xiàng)，可知本題選Do

istheauthorsattitudetowardstheexpertsmentionedinParagraph3?

A.Tolerant.B.Doubtful.C.Respectful.D.Supportive.

主要答題依據(jù)：Thisupsetsmetonoendbecausewhilealltheexpertsarebusydebatingaboutwhich

optionisbest,thepeoplewhowanttoimprovetheirlivesareleftconfusedbyalloftheconflicting

information.

分析：本句是一個(gè)包含because原因狀語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句。because原因狀語(yǔ)從句是一個(gè)包含while引導(dǎo)的

時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句，這個(gè)復(fù)合句的主句主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)之間插入了who引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，主句的謂語(yǔ)使用

的是leavesb/sthadj.（使……處于某種狀態(tài)）的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。本句可翻譯為：當(dāng)所有的專家忙于爭(zhēng)辯哪個(gè)是最

好的選擇時(shí)，那些想要改善自己生活的人依然被諸多相互矛盾的信息困擾著，這讓我感到無(wú)限沮喪。因此

作者對(duì)專家們的態(tài)度是懷疑的，故本題選B。

02

核心突破練

（以C篇說(shuō)明文或議論文為例）

1.【上海市南洋模范中學(xué)2024-2025學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期期中考試英語(yǔ)試題】

AustraliaandtherestofOceaniaarethelastregionsfreeofbirdfluthathascausedmassmortalityinbirds

acrosstheworldandamassiveoutbreakindairycattleintheUnitedStates.Whyanimalsinthesouthernregion

havesofarescapedinfectionisamystery,butscientistshaveseveraltheories.

Forone,Australiaisgeographicallyisolatedanddoesn'timportlivepoultry,saysFrankWong,avirologistat

theAustralianCentreforDiseasePreparedness.Manyofthecountries5birdsareendemic（地方性的）anddonot

migratetoregionswherethevirusisspreading.

Butthevirus?sarrivalinAustraliais“amatterofwhen,notif',saysMichelleWilleattheUniversityof

Melbourne,Australia.Shethinksthatlong-distancemigratoryshorebirdsandseabirdsthatcomefromSiberiaand

AlaskathroughsoutheastAsiatoAustraliaaremostlikelytocarrythevirusintothecountry.

Anotherpossiblerouteforthevirusisthroughducks.Scientiststhinkmigratingducksandgeeseinother

partsoftheworldcanspreadthediseasewithoutdyingfromit.Thafsbecauseduckshaveabiologicalsensor,

knownasRIG-I,thatdetectsaninvadingfluvirusandtriggersanimmuneresponsethatusuallyfightsitoff.Kirsty

ShortsaysducksmighthaveevolvedsuchdefencesinAsiafromrepeatedinfectionswithmanyweakerformsof

thevirus,givingthempre-existingimmunity.Althoughtheydon'tgetsickfromH5N1,theycanstillpassiton,and

ducksgatherinlakesandpondswithotherbirds,increasingthechancesofdiseasespread.

Oceaniahasisolatedecosystems.Thisisolationispartlyexplainedbyabiogeographicaldivisioncalledthe

WallaceLine.Manyanimalspeciestendtostayononesideofthelineortheother,andbecauseofthisisolation,

thespeciesoneachsidearedistinct.

ThesharpdivisionmightalsomeanthatthevirusisnotadaptedtoanimalseastoftheWallaceLine,says

Wong.t4Birdfluvirusesareparticularlywell-adaptedtocertainspecies,9,hesays.BirdsinAustraliacouldhavea

geneticmake-upthatbypassestheusualinfectionrouteforthevirus,butnoonehasyettestedthisassumption.

Althoughmanyduckspeciesareshort-distancemigratorybirdsandtendnottocrosstheWallaceLine,some

species-includingPacificblackduckandspottedwhistlingduck一do,andWillethinkstheycouldintroduce

H5N1totheregion.

Ifthevirusisdetected,governmentvetswillimmediatelymoveintokilltheaffectedpopulation,which

happenedwhenH7N3andH7N9strainsofthefluweredetectedinVictoriainMay.

Shortsaysthat,whenithappens,theimpactonAustralia'sbirds,mammalsandecosystemsisunknown,but

manyspeciescouldprobablybeaffected."It'sabigresearchgap."shesays.

1.WhichviewpointdoesMichelleWillemostagreewith?

A.ThevirusisunlikelytospreadtoAustraliasoon.

B.ItisducksthatwillbringthevirusintoAustralia.

C.MigrationpatternswillkeepAustraliasafefrominfection.

D.ThearrivalofthevirusinAustraliaishighlypossible.

2.WhatissuggestedaboutbirdsinAustraliaregardingthevirus?

A.Theyhavebeentestedandfoundresistant.

B.Theymigratetoareaswherethevirusspreads.

C.Theymayhavegenetictraitsthatpreventinfection.

D.Theyaremoresusceptibletoinfectionthanotherbirds.

3.Whichofthefollowingstatementsiscorrectaccordingtothepassage?

A.Thereisalackofresearchonthevirus?impact.

B.GovernmentmeasureswillpreventoutbreaksinAustralia.

C,BirdsinAustraliahavebecomeimmuneduetopastexposure.

D.TheWallaceLineguaranteesthattheviruswillnotreachAustralia.

4.Whatcouldbethebesttitleofthepassage?

A.TheSpreadofBirdFluinAustralia

B.IsAustraliaImmunefromBirdFlu?

C.WhyAreDucksResponsibleforBirdFlu?

D.BirdFlu:AGlobalConcern

長(zhǎng)難句1

原句：AustraliaandtherestofOceaniaarethelastregionsfreeofbirdfluthathascausedmassmortalityinbirds

acrosstheworldandamassiveoutbreakindairycattleintheUnitedStates.

句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析：__________________________________________________________________________________

翻譯：__________________________________________________________________________________

結(jié)構(gòu)分析：

主句：AustraliaandtherestofOceaniaarethelastregions（澳大利亞和大洋洲其他地區(qū)是最后的地區(qū)）。

修飾成分：freeofbirdflu是形容詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)，修飾regions（沒(méi)有禽流感的）。

定語(yǔ)從句：thathascausedmassmortality...andamassiveoutbreak…修飾birdflu,其中caused有兩個(gè)并列賓語(yǔ)：

massmortalityinbirdsacrosstheworld（全球鳥(niǎo)類大量死亡）和amassiveoutbreakindairycattleintheUnited

States（美國(guó)奶牛大規(guī)模疫情）。

中文翻譯：澳大利亞和大洋洲其他地區(qū)是全球最后幾個(gè)沒(méi)有禽流感的地區(qū)，這種禽流感已在全球范圍內(nèi)導(dǎo)

致鳥(niǎo)類大量死亡，并在美國(guó)引發(fā)了奶牛的大規(guī)模疫情。

長(zhǎng)難句2

原句：KirstyShortsaysducksmighthaveevolvedsuchdefencesinAsiafromrepeatedinfectionswithmany

weakerformsofthevirus,givingthempre-existingimmunity.

句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析：__________________________________________________________________________________

翻譯：__________________________________________________________________________________

結(jié)構(gòu)分析：

主句：KirstyShortsays（柯?tīng)査沟?肖特表示）。

賓語(yǔ)從句：ducksmighthaveevolvedsuchdefencesinAsia（鴨子在亞洲可能進(jìn)化出了這樣的防御機(jī)制）。

介詞短語(yǔ)：fromrepeatedinfectionswithmanyweakerformsofthevirus作原因狀語(yǔ)（由于反復(fù)感染多種較弱

形式的病毒）。

現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)：givingthempre-existingimmunity作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)（使它們具備了先天免疫力）。

中文翻譯：柯?tīng)査沟?肖特表示，在亞洲，由于反復(fù)感染多種較弱形式的病毒，鴨子可能進(jìn)化出了這樣的

防御機(jī)制，這使它們具備了先天免疫力。

長(zhǎng)難句3

原句：BirdsinAustraliacouldhaveageneticmake-upthatbypassestheusualinfectionrouteforthevirus,butno

onehasyettestedthisassumption.

句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析：__________________________________________________________________________________

翻譯：__________________________________________________________________________________

結(jié)構(gòu)分析：

并列句：由but連接兩個(gè)分句。

前半句：BirdsinAustraliacouldhaveageneticmake-up（澳大利亞的鳥(niǎo)類可能具有一種基因構(gòu)成），其中that

bypassestheusualinfectionrouteforthevirus是定語(yǔ)從句，修飾geneticmake-up（能夠繞過(guò)該病毒通常的感染

途徑）。

后半句：noonehasyettestedthisassumption（尚未有人驗(yàn)證這一假設(shè)）。

中文翻譯：澳大利亞的鳥(niǎo)類可能具有一種基因構(gòu)成，這種基因構(gòu)成能夠繞過(guò)該病毒通常的感染途徑，但尚

未有人驗(yàn)證這一假設(shè)。

【答案】LD2.C3.A4.B

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章指出，澳大利亞等大洋洲地區(qū)成為最后一塊沒(méi)有出現(xiàn)禽流感的凈土，文中

分析了其原因和出現(xiàn)禽流感的可能性。

1.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Butthevirus'sarrivalinAustraliais"amatterofwhen,notif,,saysMichelleWille

attheUniversityofMelbourne,Australia.Shethinksthatlong-distancemigratoryshorebirdsandseabirdsthat

comefromSiberiaandAlaskathroughsoutheastAsiatoAustraliaaremostlikelytocarrythevirusintothe

country.（但澳大利亞墨爾本大學(xué)的MichelleWille說(shuō)，病毒到達(dá)澳大利亞是“時(shí)間問(wèn)題，而不是有沒(méi)有可能”。

她認(rèn)為，從西伯利亞和阿拉斯加經(jīng)東南亞到澳大利亞的長(zhǎng)途遷徙濱鳥(niǎo)和海鳥(niǎo)最有可能將病毒攜帶到澳大利

亞）”可知，MichelleWille認(rèn)為禽流感病毒傳播到澳大利亞只是時(shí)間早晚的問(wèn)題，即她覺(jué)得這是極有可能發(fā)

生的。故選D。

2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第六段“Thesharpdivisionmightalsomeanthatthevirusisnotadaptedtoanimalseastofthe

WallaceLine,saysWong,"Birdfluvirusesareparticularlywell-adaptedtocertainspecies/'hesays.Birdsin

Australiacouldhaveageneticmake-upthatbypassestheusualinfectionrouteforthevirus,butnoonehasyet

testedthisassumptions黃說(shuō)，這種巨大的區(qū)別也可能意味著病毒不適于華萊士線以東的動(dòng)物。他說(shuō)：“禽流感

病毒特別適應(yīng)某些物種?！卑拇罄麃喌镍B(niǎo)類可能具有繞過(guò)病毒一般感染途徑的基因組成，但還沒(méi)有人證實(shí)過(guò)

這一假設(shè)）”可知，澳大利亞的鳥(niǎo)類可能因其特別的遺傳特性而免于感染禽流感，這與C選項(xiàng)描述相符。故

選Co

3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第九段"Shortsaysthat,whenithappens,theimpactonAustralia'sbirds,mammalsand

ecosystemsisunknown,butmanyspeciescouldprobablybeaffected."It'sabigresearchgap."shesays.（Short說(shuō)，

當(dāng)這一情況發(fā)生時(shí)，會(huì)對(duì)澳大利亞鳥(niǎo)類、哺乳動(dòng)物和生態(tài)系統(tǒng)產(chǎn)生的影響尚不清楚，但許多物種可能會(huì)受

到影響。“這是一個(gè)很大的研究差距。"她說(shuō)）”可知，對(duì)于禽流感病毒會(huì)在澳大利亞造成的影響，相關(guān)研究是

匱乏的。故選A。

4.主旨大意題?？傆[全文可知，文章主要對(duì)澳大利亞尚未被禽流感病毒影響的原因和未來(lái)被病毒入侵的可

能性進(jìn)行了分析和探討，B選項(xiàng)“澳大利亞對(duì)禽流感是否免疫？”準(zhǔn)確對(duì)應(yīng)文章內(nèi)容，適合作為標(biāo)題。故選B。

2.【上海市上海中學(xué)2024-2025學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期期中考試英語(yǔ)試題】

NotlongagoIjoinedinaforumontheroleoftheAmericanpress.Thepurposeoftheforum,asI

understoodit,wastoexaminetheresponsibilitiesofthemediaandtosuggestthebestwaystomeetthose

responsibilities.

Duringtheopen-discussionperiod,agentlemanaddressedaquestiontoadistinguishedanchorman.Why,he

asked,arethenewspapersandtelevisionnewsprogramssodisaster-prone?Theanchormanreactedasifhehad

beenblamedfortheexistenceofbadnews.Newsmen,hesaid,areonlyresponsibleforreportingthenews,notfor

creatingormodifyingit.

Itdidn'tseemtomethathehadansweredthequestion.Thegentlemanwasjustwonderingwhydistortions

aremostreported.Thenewsmediaseemtooperateonthephilosophythatallnewsisbadnews.Why?Coulditbe

thattheemphasisondownsidenewsislargelytheresultoftradition-thewaynewsmenandnewswomenare

accustomedtorespondingtodailyevents?

Perhapsitwouldbeusefulheretoexaminethewaywedefinethewordnewsforthisiswheretheproblem

begins.Newsissupposedtodealwithhappeningsofthepast12hours-24hoursatmost.Anythingthathappens

sosuddenly,however,islikelytobeeruptive:asniperkillsapresidentialcandidate;aplanecrashedintoa

mountain...

Focusingonlyonthesedetails,however,producesamisshapenpicture.Civilizationisalotmorethanthe

sumtotalofitsdisasters.Themostimportantingredientinanycivilizationisprogress.Butprogressisnoteruptive.

Generally,itcomesinbitsandpieces,verylittleofitclearlyvisibleatanygivenmoment,butallofitinvolvedin

themakingofhistoricalchangeforthebetter.

Itisthisaspectoflivinghistorythatmostnewsreportingreflectsinadequately.Theresultisthatweare

under-informedaboutpositivedevelopmentsandover-informedaboutdisasters.This,inturn,leadstoapublic

moodofdefeatism,whichinthemselvestendtopreventprogress.Apersistentdietoferuptivenewsdrainsthe

essentialhumanenergiesafreesocietyneeds.

Iamnotsuggesting"positive“newsbedesignedasacountermeasuretothedisastersonpageone.WhatI

amtryingtogetacrossisthenotionthattheresponsibilityofthenewsmediaistosearchoutandreporton

importanteventswhetherornottheycomeundertheheadingofconflictsordisasters.Theworldisasplendid

combinationofheavenandhell,andbothcallforattentionandexamination.

Theanchormanwasrightinsayingnewsmenwerenotresponsibleforshapingtheworld,buttheyare

responsibleforaffectingourattitude.Newspeopleprovideuswiththeonlypictureofourselvesandtheworld.It

hadbetterbeatrueportrait-andnotacaricature（漫畫）一fbrit'sthispictureonwhichwewillbaseourdecisions

andaroundwhichwewillplanourfuture.

5.Theauthorlearnedfromtheforumthat.

A.thepublictendedtoblamenewsmenforreportingonlybadnews

B.therewereconcernsaboutthemedia'stoomuchfocusonbadnews

C.theAmericanpressfailedtodeliveronitspromisetoreformthemedia

D.thepublicexpectedfactualandunmodifiednewsreportsfromnewsmen

6.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestistheprimaryreasonforthedominanceofnegativenewscoverage?

A.Thenewsmediaworksontheprinciplethatallnewsisbadnews.

B.Newsreportersareprofessionallytrainedtoreportdailydisasters.

C.Newstraditionallyreferstoeventsthatoccursuddenlywithinaday.

D.Reportingonlytragiceventsmayblindthepublictosocialprogress.

7.Whichofthefollowingstatementsmighttheauthoragreewith?

A.Newsreportersshouldgivetheirattentiontoawiderrangeofimportantissues.

B.Theconflictsanddisasterscausepublicdespairandrobsocietyofhumanenergy.

C.Newsmenareduty-boundtocreatemorepositivenewstofightagainstdisasters.

D.Newsmencanstrivetofindabalancedportrayalofeventstoshapetheworld.

8.Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleofthepassage?

A.Whyisallnewsbadnews?B.Whereisthenewsleadingus?

C.Whyisittimetocreatemorepositivenews?D.Howcanthenewsmediathriveagainstallodds?

長(zhǎng)難句1

原句：Newsissupposedtodealwithhappeningsofthepast12hours-24hoursatmost.Anythingthat

happenssosuddenly,however,islikelytobeeruptive:asniperkillsapresidentialcandidate;aplanecrashedintoa

mountain...

句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析：__________________________________________________________________________________

翻譯：__________________________________________________________________________________

結(jié)構(gòu)分析：

第一句：簡(jiǎn)單句Newsissupposedtodealwithhappenings...（新聞本應(yīng)報(bào)道...事件）。

第二句：主句Anything...islikelytobeeruptive（任何...事情都可能是爆發(fā)性的），其中thathappens

sosuddenly是定語(yǔ)從句修飾Anything（突然發(fā)生的）。

冒號(hào)后內(nèi)容：舉例說(shuō)明eruptive的具體表現(xiàn)（一名狙擊手射殺總統(tǒng)候選人；一架飛機(jī)撞山……）。

中文翻譯：新聞本應(yīng)報(bào)道過(guò)去12小時(shí)——最多24小時(shí)內(nèi)發(fā)生的事情。然而，任何突然發(fā)生的事

情都可能是爆發(fā)性的：一名狙擊手射殺了一位總統(tǒng)候選人；一架飛機(jī)撞向了一座山……

長(zhǎng)難句2

原句：Theresultisthatweareunder-informedaboutpositivedevelopmentsandover-informedabout

disasters.This,inturn,leadstoapublicmoodofdefeatism,whichinthemselvestendtopreventprogress.

句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析：__________________________________________________________________________________

翻譯：__________________________________________________________________________________

結(jié)構(gòu)分析：

第一句：主句Theresultis（結(jié)果是），后跟表語(yǔ)從句thatweareunder-informed...andover-informed...

（我們對(duì)積極進(jìn)展了解不足，對(duì)災(zāi)難卻過(guò)度了解）。

第二句：主句This...leadstoapublicmoodofdefeatism（這反過(guò)來(lái)導(dǎo)致公眾產(chǎn)生失敗主義情緒），其中

whichinthemselvestendtopreventprogress是定語(yǔ)從句，修飾defeatism（這種情緒本身往往會(huì)阻礙進(jìn)步）。

中文翻譯：其結(jié)果是，我們對(duì)積極進(jìn)展了解不足，而對(duì)災(zāi)難卻過(guò)度了解。這反過(guò)來(lái)又導(dǎo)致公眾產(chǎn)生失

敗主義情緒，這種情緒本身往往會(huì)阻礙進(jìn)步。

長(zhǎng)難句3

原句：Newspeopleprovideuswiththeonlypictureofourselvesandtheworld.Ithadbetterbeatrue

portrait-andnotacaricature-forit'sthispictureonwhichwewillbaseourdecisionsandaroundwhichwewill

planourfuture.

句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析：__________________________________________________________________________________

翻譯：__________________________________________________________________________________

結(jié)構(gòu)分析：

第一句：簡(jiǎn)單句Newspeopleprovideuswith...（新聞工作者為我們提供...）。

第二句：主句Ithadbetterbeatrueportrait（這最好是一幅真實(shí)的肖像）,andnotacaricature是插入語(yǔ)

（而不是漫畫）。

原因狀語(yǔ)從句：forifsthispicture...,其中onwhich...andaroundwhich…是兩個(gè)并列定語(yǔ)從句，修飾

picture（我們將基于這幅圖景做決策，并圍繞它規(guī)劃未來(lái)）。

中文翻譯：新聞工作者為我們提供了關(guān)于我們自身和世界的唯一圖景。這最好是一幅真實(shí)的肖像-

而不是一幅漫畫一因?yàn)槲覀儗⒒谶@幅圖景做出決策，并圍繞它規(guī)劃我們的未來(lái)。

【答案】5.B6.C7.A8.B

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。這篇文章主要討論了美國(guó)新聞媒體的報(bào)道傾向，特別是其對(duì)負(fù)面新聞的過(guò)度關(guān)

注及其對(duì)公眾態(tài)度和社會(huì)氛圍的影響。

5.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段"Why,heasked,arethenewspapersandtelevisionnewsprogramssodisaster-prone?

Theanchormanreactedasifhehadbeenblamedfortheexistenceofbadnews.Newsmen,hesaid,areonly

responsibleforreportingthenews,notforcreatingormodifyingit.（他問(wèn)道，為什么報(bào)紙和電視新聞節(jié)目如此容

易報(bào)道災(zāi)難？主持人的反應(yīng)就好像他因?yàn)閴南⒌拇嬖诙艿截?zé)備。他說(shuō)，新聞?dòng)浾咧回?fù)責(zé)報(bào)道新聞，而

不負(fù)責(zé)創(chuàng)造或修改新聞）”可知，有人擔(dān)心媒體過(guò)分關(guān)注壞消息。故選B。

6.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Perhapsitwouldbeusefulheretoexaminethewaywedefinethewordnewsforthis

iswheretheproblembegins.Newsissupposedtodealwithhappeningsofthepast12hours-24hoursatmost.

Anythingthathappenssosuddenly,however,islikelytobeeruptive:asniperkillsapresidentialcandidate;aplane

crashedintoamountain…（也許在這里檢查一下我們定義“新聞”這個(gè)詞的方式會(huì)很有用，因?yàn)檫@就是問(wèn)題的開(kāi)

始。新聞應(yīng)該處理過(guò)去1