1

DigitalLibraryandIntellectualPropertyIssues數(shù)字圖書館與知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)2April26istheWorldIntellectualPropertyDay

四月二十六日是世界知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)日

3TheaimsofWorldIPDayare:

設(shè)立世界知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)日宗旨toraiseawarenessofhowpatents,copyright,trademarksanddesignsimpactondailylife;

提高人們對(duì)專利權(quán)、版權(quán)、商標(biāo)和外觀設(shè)計(jì)如何影響日常生活的意識(shí)toincreaseunderstandingofhowprotectingIPrightshelpspromotecreativityandinnovation;

加深人們關(guān)于保護(hù)知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)如何有助于促進(jìn)創(chuàng)造與創(chuàng)新的認(rèn)識(shí)tocelebratecreativity,andthecontributionmadebycreatorsandinnovatorstothedevelopmentofsocietiesacrosstheglobe;

慶祝創(chuàng)造以及創(chuàng)造者與創(chuàng)新者對(duì)全球性社會(huì)發(fā)展作出的貢獻(xiàn)toencouragerespectfortheIPrightsofothers.

鼓勵(lì)人們尊重他人的知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)4DigitalLibraryandIntellectualPropertyIssuesNieJinSchoolofInformationManagementWuhanUniversity,Hubei,China,430072jinnie@5Intellectualpropertyissuesareparticularlychallenging,andneedtobeconsideredinthecontextofthedigitallibraryanditsdifferencesfromthetraditionallibrary,andchangesintechnology.

知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)問題在科技迅猛發(fā)展的今天極富挑戰(zhàn)性，而在數(shù)字圖書館以及其與傳統(tǒng)圖書館差異研究方面尤其如此。

6IntellectualProperty

知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)Intellectualproperty,oftenknownasIP,allowspeopletoowntheircreativityandinnovationinthesamewaythattheycanownphysicalproperty.TheownerofIPcancontrolandberewardedforitsuse,andthisencouragesfurtherinnovationandcreativitytothebenefitofusall.

知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)目的在于使人們對(duì)他們的智力創(chuàng)新和創(chuàng)造擁有和物理財(cái)產(chǎn)一樣的所有權(quán)。知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)的擁有者可以控制并且在產(chǎn)權(quán)被利用中獲得回報(bào)，以此來(lái)促進(jìn)對(duì)人類有益的更深層次創(chuàng)新與創(chuàng)造的開展。7IntellectualProperty

知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)Intellectualpropertyisdividedintotwocategories:IndustrialpropertyCopyright知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)包括：工業(yè)產(chǎn)權(quán)和版權(quán)兩部分8IntellectualPropertyIndustrialproperty,whichincludesinventions(patents),trademarks,industrialdesigns,andgeographicindicationsofsource.工業(yè)產(chǎn)權(quán)包括發(fā)明（專利）、商標(biāo)、工業(yè)外觀設(shè)計(jì)以及原產(chǎn)地地理標(biāo)志9IntellectualPropertyCopyright,whichincludesliteraryandartisticworkssuchasnovels,poemsandplays,films,musicalworks,artisticworkssuchasdrawings,paintings,photographsandsculptures,andarchitecturaldesigns.

版權(quán)包括：文學(xué)和藝術(shù)作品；如小說、詩(shī)歌和戲劇、電影、音樂作品；藝術(shù)作品如繪畫、繪圖、攝影和雕塑以及建筑設(shè)計(jì)等。10WhatisCopyright?

什么是版權(quán)？

Notreallytherighttocopy！

當(dāng)然不僅僅是復(fù)印(復(fù)制)的權(quán)利！

11Copyright

版權(quán)

Acopyrightisthesetofexclusivelegalrightsauthorshaveovertheirworksforalimitedperiodoftime版權(quán)是用來(lái)表述創(chuàng)作者在一定時(shí)間期間內(nèi)對(duì)其作品所享有的排他的一系列法律權(quán)利。12Copyrightsinclude

版權(quán)內(nèi)容RighttoReproduce–withexemptionforlibraries

復(fù)制權(quán)，圖書館免責(zé)RighttoPrepareDerivativeWorks–includingabstracts,translations創(chuàng)作衍生作品權(quán),包括摘要、翻譯RighttoDistribute傳播權(quán)RighttoDisplayPublicly公開展示權(quán)RighttoPerformPublicly公開表演權(quán)

13CopyrightAworkdoesnothavetobearacopyrightnoticeorberegisteredtobecopyrighted

版權(quán)在作品產(chǎn)生后無(wú)需登記自動(dòng)產(chǎn)生14

WhydowehaveCopyright?

版權(quán)的作用？

Toprotectthosewhocreateanoriginalexpressioninanymediumsotheycanreceiveappropriatecompensationfortheirintellectualeffort.保護(hù)作品原創(chuàng)者的權(quán)利并使它們的智力成果能得到合理的補(bǔ)償15LifeTime

版權(quán)保護(hù)期限Author’sLife+50years

作者有生之年+作者去世后50年IncreasingtoAuthor’sLife+70yearsinsomecountries

作者有生之年+作者去世后70年（部分國(guó)家）16CopyrightandLibrary

Copyrightissuesareamongthemosthotlycontestedissuesinthelegalandlegislativeworld;billionsofdollarsareatstake.Legalprinciplesandtechnologicalcapabilitiesareconstantlychallengingeachotherandeveryoutcomecandirectlyaffectthefutureoflibraries.

版權(quán)是目前立法與執(zhí)法領(lǐng)域的熱門話題。法律規(guī)定和技術(shù)的發(fā)展始終進(jìn)行著競(jìng)賽,其結(jié)果將對(duì)未來(lái)圖書館事業(yè)的發(fā)展產(chǎn)生直接影響。17DigitalMaterialsEasytocopy容易復(fù)制Lowcostcopying復(fù)制成本低廉Differentcountrieshavedifferentregulationsandtraditionsregardingcopyright各國(guó)對(duì)版權(quán)規(guī)定不一18CopyrightandDigitalLibraryFairUse合理使用OpenAccess開放獲取InternationalConventionandOrganization,etc.國(guó)際公約與組織19FairUse合理使用Fairuseprovisionsofthecopyrightlawallowforlimitedcopyingordistributionofpublishedworkswithouttheauthor’spermissioninsomecases

允許勿需作者同意部分復(fù)?。◤?fù)制）和傳播公開發(fā)表的作品Examplesoffairuseofcopyrightedmaterialsincludequotationofexcerptsinarevieworcritique,orcopyingofasmallpartofaworkbyateacherorstudenttoillustratealesson.

如:報(bào)告或評(píng)論的節(jié)選與引用,或教師、學(xué)生復(fù)?。◤?fù)制）某一部分作品用來(lái)解釋相關(guān)授課內(nèi)容20FourFactorswithFairUse

考慮四個(gè)因素Thepurposeandnatureofyouruse

使用意圖Thenatureofthecopyrightedwork

版權(quán)作品的性質(zhì)、特點(diǎn)Theamountandsubstantialityoftheportiontaken使用的數(shù)量和價(jià)值量

Theeffectoftheuseuponthepotentialmarket使用后的潛在市場(chǎng)效果21CopyrightFairUseExemption

合理使用免責(zé)Righttoreproduce(anddistributeonalimitedbasis)withoutpermissionofthecopyrightholderfor:未經(jīng)版權(quán)所有者允許,復(fù)制(有限傳播)的權(quán)利Criticism批判Comment評(píng)論Newsreporting新聞報(bào)道Researching–Scholarship–Research學(xué)術(shù)研討Homeuse家庭使用22U.S.DigitalMillenniumCopyrightAct美國(guó)數(shù)字千年版權(quán)法案FederalLaw聯(lián)邦法Doesnotallowcreationofdigitalcopies

禁止制作數(shù)字拷貝DoesnotallowtransmissionofdigitalcopiesForexample:GoogleCopying!

禁止傳遞數(shù)字拷貝Exemptionforlibrarypreservation

圖書館保存資料可免責(zé)TeachActallowslimitedtransmissionofdigitalmaterialsunderverycontrolledsituation

教育法案許可在嚴(yán)格控制情形下有限傳遞數(shù)字資料23USContractLaw

美國(guó)合同法Requirean“offer”ofasaleoraleaseofrights要求一方出售或出租權(quán)利Require“acceptance”ofcontractualtermsbybothparties;mayincludenegotiationoftermsandcounter-offers

要求雙方接受合同條款；可以包括條款談判和對(duì)等付出Requires“consideration”whichisapromisetoexchangemoney,goods,orservices.

要求承諾交換金錢、商品和服務(wù)24FairUseandLicenseAgreement

版權(quán)與許可權(quán)Contractlawtrumpscopyrightlaw

AsignedlicenseagreementcanvoidFairUse

合同法優(yōu)于版權(quán)法，簽署許可協(xié)議可使合理使用條款無(wú)效Copyrightlawappliestothesaleofacopy

版權(quán)法應(yīng)用于拷貝銷售

Contractlawgovernsleasedrights

合同法支配出租權(quán)Solution:AssureFairUserightsareincludedinlicenseagreement

解決方法：保證合理使用權(quán)利包含在許可證協(xié)議中25RighttoUse

使用權(quán)CopyrightLaw版權(quán)法

Bypurchaser,aborrower,anylibrarypatron

購(gòu)買者、借閱者、任何圖書館用戶LicenseAgreement許可協(xié)議

OnlyAuthorizedUserorUsersasdefinedinlicense

僅授權(quán)用戶或許可協(xié)議中許可的用戶26RighttoMakeCopies

復(fù)?。◤?fù)制）的權(quán)利Copyrightlaw版權(quán)法

Bypermission,FairUse,Inter-LibraryLending

經(jīng)過允許、合理使用、館際互借LicenseAgreement許可協(xié)議

Bypermissiononly(printorelectronic)

經(jīng)過允許（印刷或電子型）

Nointer-libraryiflicensefixesofcopiesordefinesAuthorizedUsers

如果協(xié)議規(guī)定復(fù)印數(shù)或授權(quán)用戶，則禁止館際互借27RighttoDistribute

傳播權(quán)利CopyrightLaw版權(quán)法

ByFirstSale,FairUse,ILL

首次銷售、合理使用、館際互借

LicenseAgreement許可協(xié)議

Bypermissiononly經(jīng)過允許

Nocopiesdistributedoutsidelibrary,university

禁止復(fù)?。◤?fù)制）件傳播到圖書館、大學(xué)之外

Nooutsidedisclosureofinformation

禁止向外透露信息28RighttoPerformanceorDisplay

表演和展示權(quán)CopyrightLaw版權(quán)法

FairUse,HomeUse,Face-to-FaceTeaching

合理使用、家庭使用、面對(duì)面?zhèn)魇贚icenseAgreement許可協(xié)議

OnlyAuthorizedUserorUsersasdefinedinlicense

僅授權(quán)用戶或許可協(xié)議中許可的用戶29Solution?

解決方法？30OpenAccess

開放獲取InformationfreelyavailableontheWWW;nolimitationsonuse.

可以在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上免費(fèi)獲?。簾o(wú)限制使用2.InformationfreelyaccessibleontheWWW;alluserightsretainedbycopyrightowner.

可以在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上面費(fèi)獲取信息：但所有使用權(quán)由版權(quán)所有者保留31OpenAccess

開放獲取

InformationfreelyaccessibleontheWWW;alluserightsretainedbycopyrightowner.

可以在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上免費(fèi)獲取信息：但所有使用權(quán)由版權(quán)所有者保留

ThisdefinitionisthecommonunderstandingofOpenAccess.

較普遍接受的公開獲取的定義32OpenAccess

開放獲取Open-accessisdigital,online,freeofcharge,andfreeofmostcopyrightandlicensingrestrictions.

開放獲取是一種數(shù)字化、在線、免費(fèi)和較少受到版權(quán)以及許可協(xié)議限制的權(quán)利

WithOA,開放獲取

Nopricebarriers沒有價(jià)格限制

Nopermissionbarriers沒有許可限制33Author’sRightsAuthorsmustretainownershipoftheircreativecontent

作者必須保留對(duì)他們創(chuàng)造性內(nèi)容的所有權(quán)Authorsmusttransferonlythoserightsnecessaryforpublication

作者必須僅轉(zhuǎn)讓出版所必需的部分權(quán)利Authorsmustretainallotherrights,specifyingthoseofparticularvaluetothemortheirinstitution

作者必須保留所有其它權(quán)利，并詳細(xì)說明那些對(duì)他們或他們所在機(jī)構(gòu)有特殊價(jià)值的權(quán)利34OpenAccessSources

開放獲取資源PubMedCentral公共醫(yī)療中心

DirectoryofOpenAccessJournals

開放獲取期刊指南

/35

InternationalOrganizationandConvention

國(guó)際組織和公約WorldIntellectualPropertyOrganizations

世界知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)組織BerneConventions

伯爾尼公約36WorldIntellectualPropertyOrganization

世界知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)組織TheWorldIntellectualPropertyOrganizationisaspecializedagencyoftheUnitedNations.

世界知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)組織是聯(lián)合國(guó)下屬的特殊機(jī)構(gòu)

Itisdedicatedtodevelopingabalancedandaccessibleinternationalintellectualpropertysystem,whichrewardscreativity,stimulatesinnovationandcontributestoeconomicdevelopmentwhilesafeguardingthepublicinterest.其宗旨是致力于發(fā)展兼顧各方面利益、便于使用國(guó)際知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)制度，以獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)創(chuàng)造、促進(jìn)創(chuàng)新，在為經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展做出貢獻(xiàn)的同時(shí)維護(hù)公共利益。37BerneConvention

fortheProtectionofLiteraryandArtisticWorks

保護(hù)文學(xué)藝術(shù)作品的伯爾尼公約

UnderBerneConvention,allmembercountries—andtherearemorethan100mustaffordcopyrightprotectiontoauthorsw