人教版八年級(jí)下冊(cè)英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)匯總（一冊(cè)全）Unit1

What’s

the

matter?一、重點(diǎn)單詞1.matter

n.

問(wèn)題；事情E.g.What’sthematter（withsb.)?怎么啦?出什么事情了?詢問(wèn)有什么病或遇到什么麻煩、問(wèn)題2.liedownv.躺,平躺。現(xiàn)在分詞是lyingE.g.Don’tlieinbedallmorning!【拓展】lie的詞性和含義總結(jié).v.位于，坐落在。E.g.JapanliestotheeastofChina..v.撒謊，說(shuō)謊。lietosb.對(duì)某人撒謊。E.g.Don’tbelieveherbecauseshealwayslies..n.謊言。telllies/alie說(shuō)謊。E.g.Youshouldn’ttellliestoyourparents.=4\*GB3④.v.下蛋；放置E.g.Thehenstoppedlayingeggs.Shelaidthebabydowngentlyonthebed.【注意】含義過(guò)去式過(guò)去分詞躺，平躺，位于，坐落在laylain撒謊，說(shuō)謊liedlied作為不及物動(dòng)詞的變化：lie--lying--lied--lied作為及物動(dòng)詞的變化：lie--laying--lay--lain3.surprisen.驚訝，驚奇。toone’ssurprise令某人驚訝的是E.g.Toeveryone’ssurprise,hepassedthedrivingtest.insurprise驚奇地E.g.Thelittlegirllookedatthestrangerinsurprise.besurprisedtodosth做某事感到驚奇地E.g.Theyweresurprisedtofindthathe'dalreadyleft.besurprisedatsth對(duì)感到驚奇地E.g.I'msurprisedatyou,behavinglikethatinfrontofthekidsbesurprisedthat從句E.g.Don'tbesurprisedifIpretendnottorecognizeyou.4.agreev.同意，贊同；agreewithsth.同意某事E.g.Iagreewiththatidea.agreewithsb同意某人E.g.Heagreedwiththemabouttheneedforchange.agreeto(do)sth同意做某事E.g.Sheagreedtoletmegoearly.agreeon達(dá)成一致意見(jiàn)E.g.Areweallagreedonthis?5.beusedtosth./doingsth.習(xí)慣于、適應(yīng)了……做某事，強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài)；E.g.Hisgrandpawasusedtocountrylife.Maryisnotusedtogettingupearlyinthemorning.get/becomeusedtosth./doingsth.“變得習(xí)慣，逐漸適應(yīng)……”強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)程、動(dòng)作E.g.It’sdifficultforonetogetusedtoanothercountry’shabit.6.runout用完，用盡。主語(yǔ)通常是“時(shí)間，金錢，食物”等無(wú)生命的東西。E.g.Allthemoneyranout.runoutof用完，主語(yǔ)通常是人。E.g.Wehaverunoutofourpocketmoney.7.maybe

adv.或許，常用于句首，表示可能性，后加句子。E.g.Maybe

you

are

right.

may

be是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞may+be的結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“可能，也許”，后加名詞、代詞或形容詞。E.g.He

may

be

angry.

8.sound

like+名詞代詞和從句：E.g.It

sounds

like

you

don’t

know

the

truth.

It

sounds

like

a

good

idea.

sound+形容詞，意為“聽(tīng)起來(lái)，好像”E.g.The

music

sounds

nice.

9.need

v.需要，為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞need+名詞，需要某物；need

to

do

sth.需要做某事，主語(yǔ)通常是人，表示人主動(dòng)的動(dòng)作E.g.You

need

to

listen

carefully

during

class.

need

doing

sth.主語(yǔ)通常是物，表示被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作E.g.Your

dirty

clothes

need

washing.

needn’t

=

don’t

have

to

沒(méi)有必要mustn’t

不準(zhǔn)must

,need

引導(dǎo)的疑問(wèn)句肯定回答用must.否定回答用

needn’t

或

don’t

have

to.

E.g.—Must

I

finish

my

homework

now?

—No,

youneedn’t.

You

can

go

home

now.

10.break

n.

間歇，休息

take

breaks

(take

a

break)

休息breakaway(from)脫離；放棄（習(xí)慣）；打破（陳套）breakdown(機(jī)器等)壞了；(計(jì)劃等)失敗；(健康等)變壞；感情失去控制breakin插嘴，使馴服breakinto破門而入；突然起來(lái)breakoff折斷；突然停止講話；解除（婚約）breakout（戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)，火災(zāi)，疾病）突然發(fā)生；爆發(fā)11.hurtv.（使）疼痛；（使）受傷hurt--hurting--hurt--hurthurt

vt.使疼痛/受傷E.g.He

hurt

his

leg

while

exercising.

hurtvi.（部位）疼E.g.His

leg

hurt

badly.

12.off

adv.&

prep.

離開(kāi)（某處）；不工作；從去掉

get

off

下車

turnoff關(guān)閉，關(guān)掉takeoff起飛，脫掉putoff推遲，拖延giveoff發(fā)出，散發(fā)setoff出發(fā)13.enough

adj.adv.足夠的/地，充足的/地用作adj.修飾名詞，可前可后enough

water

用作adv.修飾形容詞或副詞，要后置

old

enough14.trouble

n.

問(wèn)題;

苦惱m(xù)aketrouble制造麻煩introuble在監(jiān)禁中；處于不幸中；處困難中g(shù)etintotrouble使自己或他人陷入困擾之境havetrouble/difficulty(with…/doingsth.)在有困難15.hit

v.

（用手或器具）擊；

打hit--hitting--hit--hitE.g.The

boy

hit

the

dog

with

a

stone.hit

sb.

on

the

head/

nose/

back打某人的頭、鼻子、后背，on用在所打較硬的部位；E.g.Shehithimontheheadwithherumbrella.hit

sb.

in

the

face/

eye/

stomach

打某人的臉、眼睛、肚子，in用在所打較軟的部位。E.g.Theplayerwashitintheface.16.sick

adj.

生病的，有病的。既可放be(系動(dòng)詞)后作表語(yǔ)，也可放n.前作定語(yǔ)。be

sick

of

…“討厭；厭惡……”E.g.We'resickofwaitingaroundlikethis.feel

sick生?。徊皇娣﨓.g.Ifyoueatanymorecakeyou'llfeelsick.sick

person

=

patient病人E.g.Therearealotofsickpersonsinthehospital.ill

adj.“生病的”，只能放be(系動(dòng)詞)后作表語(yǔ)，ill

→

illness

n.“??；疾病”be

ill

in

hospital

生病17.giveup(doing)sth.放棄（做）某事，E.g.giveup(playing)computergamesgiveup后可接名詞、代詞和動(dòng)詞-ing形式，也可不接E.g.Ifyougiveupsomethingthatyouhaveorthatyouarestickto,youallowsomeoneelsetohaveit.Nevergiveupeasily.18.breathe

v.

呼吸breath--breathing--breathed--breathedbreath

n.呼吸，氣息deepbreath深呼吸takeadeepbreath深呼吸outofbreath喘不過(guò)氣來(lái)，上氣不接下氣19.risk

n.

&

v.

危險(xiǎn)；風(fēng)險(xiǎn)；冒險(xiǎn)

take

risks

(take

a

risk)

冒險(xiǎn)E.g.Youhavenorighttotakeriskswithotherpeople'slives.risk(sb.)todosth.冒險(xiǎn)去做某事E.g.We'vebeenadvisednottorisktotravelintheseconditions.attheriskofdoingsth.E.g.Attheriskofshowingmyignorance,howexactlydoestheInternetwork?20.importance

n.

重要性；重要importantadj.重要的unimportantadj.不重要的importancen.重要性21.decision

n.

決定；抉擇makeadecision=decide后接不定式，“做出決定，決定”E.g.Imadeabigdecisiontostopdoingmyjobforafewmonths.22.control

v.

限制；約束；管理；控制

control--controlling--controlled--controlledbeundercontrol被控制住，在控制之中outofcontrol脫離控制E.g.Thecarwasoutofcontrolandhitatreebytheroad.be

in

control

of

掌管；管理；控制E.g.Theheadmasterisinthecontrolofthisnewschool.beinthecontrolof掌管；管理E.g.Theheadmasterisinthecontrolofthisnewschool.23.advice不可數(shù)名詞，勸告，建議，向征求意見(jiàn)give

sb.

advice

on

sth.就某事給某人建議takesb’sadvice

接受某人的建議advisev.advise

sb.

to

do

sth.

建議某人做某事，此動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。advise

doing

sth

建議做某事相似用法的動(dòng)詞：allow(允許)，permit(允許)，forbid(禁止)等allowdoingsth

允許做某事，allowsbtodosth

允許某人做某事permitdoingsth

允許做某事，permitsbtodosth

允許某人做某事forbiddoingsth

禁止做某事，forbidsbtodosth

禁止某人做某事E.g.Wedon’tallowsmokinginthelab.

我們不準(zhǔn)在實(shí)驗(yàn)室吸煙。Wedon’tallowpeopletosmokeinthelab.

我們不準(zhǔn)人們?cè)趯?shí)驗(yàn)室吸煙。Peoplearenotallowedtosmokeinthelab.

人們不準(zhǔn)在實(shí)驗(yàn)室吸煙。24.put...onsth.把放在某物上putabandageonsth.用繃帶包扎putsomemedicineonsth.在上面敷藥putonadvertisement粘貼廣告二、重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)1.haveacold=catchacold=havetheflu感冒2.haveacough咳嗽3.haveafever發(fā)燒4.hotteawithhoney加蜂蜜的熱茶5.seeadentist看牙醫(yī)6.getanX-ray拍X光片7.takeone’stemperature量體溫8.allweekend整個(gè)周末=thewholeweekend9.inthesameway以同樣的方式10.gotoadoctor看醫(yī)生11.goalong沿著……走12.onthesideoftheroad在馬路邊13.onbothsidesoftheroad在馬路兩邊14.oneithersideoftheroad在馬路的任意一邊15.shoutforhelp大聲呼救16.thanksto多虧了；由于17.thanksfor感謝18.intime及時(shí)19.ontime準(zhǔn)時(shí)20.savealife挽救生命21.loseone`slife失去生命22.rightaway=rightnow=atonce立刻；馬上23.becauseof由于24.getoutof離開(kāi)；從出來(lái)25.falldown摔倒26.mountainclimbing登山運(yùn)動(dòng)27.thinkabout考慮，認(rèn)為28.thinkof考慮，認(rèn)為，想出，想要，關(guān)心29.thinkover仔細(xì)考慮，反復(fù)考慮30.inadifficultsituation在困境中31.keepondoingsth.繼續(xù)或堅(jiān)持做某事32.giveup放棄33.expectsbtodosth.期望某人做某事34.be/getusedtodoingsth.習(xí)慣于做某事35.seemtodosth.好像做某事36.minddoingsth.介意做某事37.bereadytodosth.準(zhǔn)備好了做某事38.bereadyfor為做準(zhǔn)備39.thesame…as同一樣40.bedifferentfrom不同于41.thesameto…對(duì)于是一樣的三、重點(diǎn)句型：1.Idon’tfeelwell.=I’mnotfeelingwell.2.Didyouhurtyourselfplayingsoccer?3.Hedoesn’tmindtakingrisks.4.Hewasnotreadytodiethatday.5.HehadproblemslearningEnglish.6.Lindaranoutofmoney./Hermoneyranout.7.Heusedhisknifetocutoffhalfhisrightarm./Theknifeisusedtocutthings.Hermotherisusedtocookingdinnerforfamily./Hisfatherusedtobeateacher.8.Heknewhewouldhavetodosomethingtosavehisownlife.9.Heexpectedmostorallofthepassengerstogetoffandwaitforthenextbus.10.ImustdosomethingtoimprovemyEnglish.四、語(yǔ)法講解（一）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞（ModalVerbs）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞should意為“應(yīng)該，應(yīng)當(dāng)”，必須和后面的動(dòng)詞原形一起構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)，沒(méi)有人稱和數(shù)的變化。用以表達(dá)職責(zé)和義務(wù)、提出勸告，而且表述的是自己的主觀看法。should的句式結(jié)構(gòu)句式例句肯定句Theyshouldeatabalanceddiet.他們應(yīng)該平衡飲食。否定句Theyshouldn’teattoomuch.他們不該吃得太多。一般疑問(wèn)句It’stoocold.ShouldIclosethewindow?太冷了，我該關(guān)上窗戶嗎？Yes,you______./No,you________.是的，你應(yīng)該。/不，你不應(yīng)該。should的用法用法例句表示勸告、建議You_________answerthequestioninEnglish.你應(yīng)該用英語(yǔ)回答這個(gè)問(wèn)題。表示推測(cè)They_________beathomenow,Ithink.我認(rèn)為，他們現(xiàn)在應(yīng)該在家。表示驚訝、贊嘆、不滿等How_________Iknowit?我怎么知道這間事情呢？（二）其他表示建議的句型用法例句Shallwe/I+do+…?Shallwe_________forawalk?咱們?nèi)ド⒉胶脝?？What/Howabout+doing/sth…?Whatabout_________swimming?去游泳怎么樣？Let’s+do…?Let’s_________and_________them.咱們?nèi)タ纯此麄儼伞ou’d/We’dbetter(not)+do…?We__________________waitalittlelonger.我們最好再稍等一會(huì)兒。Whydon’tyou+do…?Whydon’tyou_________awalkoutside?為什么不出去散步呢？Whynot+do…?Why__________________awalkoutside?為什么不出去散步呢？（三）反身代詞表示反射或強(qiáng)調(diào)的代詞叫做反身代詞。反身代詞是由第一人稱、第二人稱形容詞性物主代詞或第三人稱代詞的賓格形式，詞尾加self或selves組成。反身代詞可譯“本人”、“本身”，為加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣，也常翻譯為“親自”、“自己”。不定人稱代詞oneoneself.1.反身代詞的分類數(shù)人稱第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱單數(shù)myselfyourselfhimself,herself,itself復(fù)數(shù)ourselvesyourselvesthemselves2.反身代詞的用法用法說(shuō)明例句作動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)常用于enjoy,teach,hurt,buy,introduce,dress,help,lookafter,getdressed作賓語(yǔ)Heisteaching_________English.他在自學(xué)英語(yǔ)。Weenjoyed_________lastnight.昨天晚上我們玩得很開(kāi)心。做介詞的賓語(yǔ)常用于in,on,with,of,after,by作賓語(yǔ)Shelivesby_________inthecountryside.她一個(gè)人生活在鄉(xiāng)下。做同位語(yǔ)強(qiáng)調(diào)作用、加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣Didyoumakethecake_________?這蛋糕是你親自做的嘛？Mr.Black________isalawyer.布萊克先生本人就是一名律師。做表語(yǔ)強(qiáng)調(diào)“自己”Justbe_________.做你自己就好了。Maryhasn’tquitebeen________recently.瑪麗最近有些不對(duì)勁。固定短語(yǔ)：

teach

oneself

sth

(自學(xué))

learn

sth

by

oneself

（自學(xué)）

enjoy

oneself

（玩的開(kāi)心）help

oneself

to

sth（隨便吃什么）say

to

oneself（自言自語(yǔ)）

introduce

oneself

(自我介紹)五、難點(diǎn)講解1.詢問(wèn)某人的健康問(wèn)題或遇到什么麻煩、問(wèn)題時(shí)的表達(dá)：其后跟詢問(wèn)對(duì)象時(shí)，與介詞with連用What’s

the

matter(with

sb.)?

What’s

thetrouble(with

sb.)?

=What’s

one’s

trouble?

What’s

wrong

(with

sb.)?

Isthereanythingwrong(with

sb.)?What’s

up?Whathappened(to

sb.)?How

are

you

feeling

now?

AreyouOK?Are

you

feeling

better

today?

2.要表達(dá)身體疼痛或不舒服,可用以下結(jié)構(gòu):①某人+have/has+病癥.某人+have/has+a+headache(toothache,stomachache,backache,earache)E.g.Thetwinshavecolds.雙胞胎感冒了。have

a

fever

發(fā)燒have

a

cold

=catch

a

cold

患感冒

have

a

stomachache

患胃痛have

a

toothache患牙痛have

a

headache

患頭痛 havetheflu=gettheflu患流感②某人+have/has+a+sore+發(fā)病部位.have

a

sore

throat

患喉嚨痛have

a

sore

back

患背痛③某人+hurt(s)+身體部位或反身代詞.E.g.Hehurthisleg.他的腿受傷了。④某部位+hurt(s).E.g.Myheadhurtsbadly.我頭痛得厲害。⑤某人+have/has+apain+inone’s+身體部位E.g.Ihaveapaininmychest.我胸口痛。⑥(Thereis)somethingwrongwithone’s+身體部位.E.g.Thereissomethingwrongwithmyrighteye.我的右眼有毛病。⑦其他表達(dá)方式E.g.Shehasahearttrouble.她有心臟病。Hegothitonthehead他頭部受到了撞擊。Shecutherfinger.她割破手指了。3.

too

much

+

不可數(shù)名詞

“太多”；動(dòng)詞+too

much

E.g.Don’ttalktoomuch.too

many+

可數(shù)名詞

“太多”E.g.Theactresshastwomanyhandbags.much

too

+

形容詞或副詞“太”，表程度E.g.He’smuchtoofatforhisage.4.

seesb.doingsth.表示“看到某人正在做某事”，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行seesb.dosth.表示“看到某人做某事”，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作經(jīng)常發(fā)生或看到某個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的全過(guò)程E.g.Wesawtheboyplayingcomputergames.Weoftenseetheboyplaycomputergames.Wesawtheboylockthedoorandwalkoutoftheroom.WhenIwalkedthroughtheplayground,Isawmyfriends_____football.A.playB.toplayC.playingD.isplaying5.because是連詞，“因?yàn)?，由于”，引?dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句becauseof是介詞短語(yǔ)，“因?yàn)?，由于”，后跟名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞Milliemadeafewmistakesintheexam____hercarelessness.becauseB.sothatC.asaresultD.becauseof6.diev.“死，去世，逝世”deadadj.“死的，死亡的”deathn.“死，死亡”中考再現(xiàn)：LeiFeng____formanyyears,buthisspiritisstillencouragingus.diedB.hasdiedC.wasdeadD.hasbeendead.7.so

that

引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句，“以致，為了，以便于”，可以和inorderthat,inorderto,soasto進(jìn)行替換E.g.IgotupveryearlythismorningsothatIcouldcatchtheearlytrain=IgotupveryearlythismorninginorderthatIcouldcatchtheearlytrain.=Igotupveryearlythismorninginordertocatchtheearlytrain.=Igotupveryearlythismorningsoastocatchtheearlytrain..8.so...that引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句,“如此以致于”，常用句型：主+謂+so+adj./adv.+that從句so+adj(a/an+n)that從句E.g.Heissocute(aboy)thatwealllikehim.so+little/much+不可數(shù)名詞that從句E.g.Hehadsolittleeducationthathewasunfitforthisjob.so+few/many+名詞復(fù)數(shù)that從句E.g.Hehadsomanyfallsthathewasblackandblueallover.Thereweresomanypeopleinthestreetwatchingthefirethatfirefighterscouldnotgetclosetothebuilding.such+a/an+adj+名詞單數(shù)that從句E.g.Heissuchacleverboythateverybodylikeshim.such+adj+名詞復(fù)數(shù)/不可數(shù)名詞that從句E.g.Hehasmadesuchgreatprogressthattheteachersarepleasedwithhim.六、配套習(xí)題=1\*ROMANI.單項(xiàng)選擇（）1.Thepearistoobigforme.Letme______apartforyou.A.cutdown B.cutoff Ccutup D.cutin（）2.Graceboughtalotofnewclothesand______allhermoney.A.runout B.runoutof C.ranof D.ranoutof（）3.Yourtemperatureis39°C.Maybeyou______.A.haveacold B.haveaheadache C.haveafever D.haveasoreback（）4.—Didyoucatchyourplane?—Yes.Wegottherejust______.A.onthetime B.attimes C.intime D.inthetime（）5.Suecametothesmalltownfiveyearsagoandshe______herenow.A.isusedtolive B.isusedtoliving C.usedtoliving D.usedtolive（）6.To______surprise,thefive-year-oldboycansingsomanyEnglishsongs.A.my B.me C.I D.mine（）7.Emmalikesdancingandshekeepson______everyday.A.dancing B.dances C.dance D.todance（）8.—Whathappened______youyesterday?—IhurtmyselfinP.E.class.A.to B.on C.at D.with（）9.Jimisalwayssobusy______hehaslittletimeforhisfamily.A.if B.until C.that D.when（）10.—Hi,John,______?—Mydog’slegishurt.A.Howareyou B.What’sthematter C.Who’sthat D.What’sLucylike=2\*ROMANII.用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1.Look!Adogis______(lie)bythesideoftheroad.2.Thelittlegirlusuallyfinishesherhomeworkby______(her)anddoesn’tneedothers'help.3.WhenIcameintothelibrary,Isawhim______(read)abookthere.4.Mr.Greenagreed______(help)mewithmymath.5.Youarclateforschoolagain.Ithinkyoushould______(get)upearlytomorrow.6.Whatdoeshemean______(do)?7.Didyoumakea______(decide)tostudymedicine?8.Mr.Liputsomany______(knife)intohisbag.9.Mydreamistobea______(climb)oneday.10.Thelittledog's______(die)mademeverysad.=3\*ROMANIII.根據(jù)首字母或漢語(yǔ)提示完成下列句中所缺的單詞。1.Susantookhertemperatureandfoundshehadahighf______.2.Ihaveat______andIcan’teatanything.3.Youlooksotired,soyouneedtohavear______.4.Tonyusuallyplaysgameswithhisclassmatesduringtheb______betweentwoclasses.5.Ihaveas______throatsoIcan’tsayaword.6.Weusuallywalkwithour______（腳）andseewithoureyes.7.I’mfeelingterrible.Ihavea______（胃痛）.8.Theriveristoodeep,butTomandTonytake______（冒險(xiǎn)）ofswimmingthere.9.Alexgothurtinthecaraccidentandlostmuch______（血）.10.Kate’smotherworksinahospital.She’sa______（護(hù)士）.=4\*ROMANIV.用方框中所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空（有兩個(gè)多余）。knifebreakdecideadvisetroubleriskhighhurtliedifferentseemcoughJohnlikestodosportverymuch.Hisfavoritesportismountainclimbing.Lastspring,hemadeabig1.______—toclimbMountEverest.Heknewitwasdifficulttoclimbtheworld’s2.______mountain.Andtherewerelotsof3.______infrontofhim,buthestillwantedtodoso.Becausethatwashisdream.May5thwasthemostexcitingdayforJohn.Aftera4.______inthetent,heandhisguidestartedtheirjourneytothetopofthemountain.Everything5.______wellatfirst.Therewasnowindorsnow.Butwhentheywereclosetothetop,thingswerecompletely6.______.Thewindbecamestrongandcold.Heleftlikethatmany7.______werecuttinghisbody.Hefeltsickand8.______alot.TheguidetoldJohnthattheyshouldturnback.Hetooktheguide’s9.______,butonthewayhepassedout.WhenJohnwokeup,hefoundhewas10.______inahospital.答案解析：=1\*ROMANI.1~5.BDCCB 6~10AAACB=2\*ROMANII.1.lying2.herself3.reading4.tohelp5.get6.todo7.decision8.knives9.climber10.death=3\*ROMANIII.1.fever2.toothache3.rest4.breaks5.sore6.feet7.stomachache8.risks9.blood10.nurse=4\*ROMANIV.1.decision2.highest3.risks4.break5.seemed6.different7.knives8.coughed9.advice10.lyingUnit2I’llhelptocleanthecityparks一、重點(diǎn)單詞1.sickadj.生病的，有病的；可在句中作表語(yǔ)，也可作定語(yǔ)asickchildE.g.Marycouldnotcomebecausesheissick.【區(qū)別ill】ill與sick同義；但是只在句中做表語(yǔ)，不做定語(yǔ)。E.g.Marycouldnotcomebecausesheisill.2.cheerv.歡呼cheerup變得更高興，振奮起來(lái)3.homelessadj.無(wú)家可歸的ahomelessboy一個(gè)無(wú)家可歸的男孩4.eachpron.每個(gè)，各自的。強(qiáng)調(diào)第一個(gè)人或事物的個(gè)別情況，常與of連用everypron.每個(gè)，每一個(gè)的，一切的。則有“全體”的意思不能與of連用5.volunteer①n.“志愿者”②vi.volunteertodosthE.g.TheyaretheChinesePeople’sVolunteers.他們是中國(guó)人民志愿軍。Ivolunteertohelpyou.我自愿幫助你。6.aloneadj.獨(dú)自一人的，無(wú)感情色彩E.g.Themusicianenjoyedlivingaloneandwritingsongshimself.lonely（感到）孤獨(dú)寂寞的，帶有很強(qiáng)的感情色彩，可做表語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)。E.g.Thelonelyboyisnotlonelynow.7.caren.小心，關(guān)心caren.→adj.careful仔細(xì)的/careless粗心的→adv.carefully仔細(xì)地careforsb./sth.照顧；照料；關(guān)心;照顧；非常喜歡takecareof=lookaftercareaboutsb./sth.關(guān)心，在意某人/事such“這樣的，這種，如此”，用于修飾名詞such+a/an+形容詞+單數(shù)名詞：suchagoodday多么美好的一天suchanexcitingmatch多么精彩的比賽such+形容詞+復(fù)數(shù)名詞/不可數(shù)名詞：suchimportantdecisions多么重要的決定suchdeliciousfood多么美味的食物如果名詞前被many,much,few,little修飾時(shí)，只能用so，而不用such：somanysickchildren/solittletime9.journeyn.（尤指長(zhǎng)途）旅行，行程；tripn.多指短途旅行；traveln.&v.→n.traveler旅行者travelaroundtheworld環(huán)游世界10.raisev.舉起；提高；募集raisemoney集資，籌錢raisemoneyfor…為……籌錢keepv.保留（某物）；keep+名詞keep+形容詞，保持某種狀態(tài)12.brokenadj.破損的，出毛病的；blind瞎的，失明的；deaf聾的；disabled有殘疾的，喪失能力的；在句中做定語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)。13.difficulty【可數(shù)名詞/不可數(shù)名詞】表示抽象意義的“困難”時(shí)為不可數(shù)；表示具體的“難題、難事”時(shí)為可數(shù)；havedifficulty(in)doingsth.=havetrouble(in)doingsth.做某事有困難14.trainv.訓(xùn)練，trained為過(guò)去分詞，可做定語(yǔ)，意為“受過(guò)訓(xùn)練的”atraineddog15.excitedadj.意為“興奮的”，修飾人beexcitedaboutsth.對(duì)某事感到興奮E.g.Everyoneisexcitedaboutthegoodnews.excitingadj.意為“令人興奮/激動(dòng)的”，修飾物16.ordern.命令；指示；順序；次序orderv.訂購(gòu)；點(diǎn)（菜）followtheorder17.changev.變化，改變E.g.It’shardforapersontochangehislife(style).changen.變化；零錢changeAforB用A換成BE.g.WhenyoutravelinChina,remembertochangeUSdollarsforRMB.18.usedtodosth.過(guò)去/曾經(jīng)(常)做某事，表示過(guò)去的習(xí)慣、動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，并強(qiáng)調(diào)現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不再存在或發(fā)生。E.g.Thereusedtobeacinemahere.這里曾有一個(gè)照相機(jī)。Theytoldmestoriesaboutthepastandhowthingsusedtobe.他們告訴我關(guān)于這里過(guò)去的故事。19.arguev.爭(zhēng)論；爭(zhēng)吵arguewithsb.與某人吵架E.g.Iarguedwithmybestfriend.我和我的好朋友吵架了。20.either

adv.（用于否定句）也E.g.Hedoesn’thaveanymoney,andIdon’t,either.沒(méi)有錢，我也沒(méi)有。

Ican’tplaychess.Shecan’t,either.我不會(huì)下國(guó)際象棋，她也不會(huì)。too也（用于肯定或疑問(wèn)句）

E.g.I’mateacher.Heisateacher,too.我是老師，他也是老師。21.thesameas...與……相同（注意前后兩個(gè)比較對(duì)象的屬性保持一致）E.g.Theclothesarethesameasmyfriends'.這些衣服與我朋友的一樣。TomisthesameageasAnn.＝TomisasoldasAnna.湯姆和安娜一樣大。Herbackpackisthesameasmine.她的背包與我的一樣。

22.except除……以外；（不包括……在內(nèi)）E.g.Myclasshasbeeninvitedexceptme.除我以外，我的同學(xué)都被邀請(qǐng)了。Allthestudentswenttotheparkexcepthim.除了他之外，全體同學(xué)都去過(guò)公園了。TheyalltraveledAmericaexcepther.除了她以外，所有的學(xué)生都去美國(guó)旅行過(guò)。besides除……以外，還有（包括在內(nèi)）E.g.Weallwenttherebesideshim.除他去以外，我們也都去了。(＝Hewentthere.Wewentthere,too.)他也去了，我們也去了！/大家都去了！Therearefivemorevisitorsbesidesme.除了我之外還有5名訪客（加上我是6個(gè)）23.wrongadj.錯(cuò)誤的；有毛病的；不合適的E.g.What'swrongwithyou?你怎么了?(你哪里不舒服?)I'vegotaheadache.我頭痛。What’swrongwithyourwatch?Itdoesn'twork.你的手表怎么了？它不走了?！咀⒁狻縒hat’sthematterwithyou?=What’swrongwithyou?=What’sthetroublewithyou?你怎么了？/你出什么事了？24.geton(well)withsb.與某人相處（融洽）geton(well)withsth.某事進(jìn)展地好E.g.Thestudentswillgetonwellwiththeteacher.學(xué)生會(huì)和老師相處得非常好。Howareyougoingonwithyournewfriends?你和你的新朋友相片如何?Thesedays,MrGreengetsonwellwithhisnewjob.這些天，格林先生的工作進(jìn)展很順利25.haveafightwithsb.＝fightwithsb.與某人打架E.g.Idon‘twanttohaveafightwithmycousin.我不想和我的堂兄打架。Theyneverfightwitheachother.Theyarereallygoodfriends.

他們從不打架，他們的確是好朋友。26.makev.使，讓makeit+形容詞(+forsb.)todosth.使（某人）做某事成為E.g.YouhelpedtomakeitpossibleformetohaveLucky.重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)1.Clean-UpDay清潔日2.anoldpeople’shome養(yǎng)老院3.helpoutwithsth.

幫助解決困難4.usedtodosth.

過(guò)去常常做某事5.thelookofjoy快樂(lè)的表情6.attheageof在歲時(shí)7.cleanup打掃(或清除)干凈8.giveout分發(fā)；散發(fā)9.comeupwith想出；提出10.makeaplan制訂計(jì)劃11.makesomenotices做些公告牌12.tryout試用;試行；參加選拔13.workfor為工作；為效力14.putup建造；舉起；張貼15.handout分發(fā)；散發(fā)；發(fā)給16.callup

打電話給…...某人，召集17.putoff推遲；延遲18.forexample比如；例如19.raisemoney籌錢；募捐20.takeafter與相像；（外貌或行為）像21.giveaway贈(zèng)送；捐贈(zèng)22.fixup修理；修補(bǔ)；解決23.besimilarto與……相似24.setup建立；設(shè)立25.disabledpeople殘疾人26.makeadifference影響；有作用27.beableto能夠28.after-schoolreadingprogram課外閱讀項(xiàng)目三、重點(diǎn)句型：1.Theboycouldgiveoutfoodatthefoodbank.這個(gè)男孩可以在食品救濟(jì)站分發(fā)食物。2.Clean-UpDayisonlytwoweeksfromnow.清潔日離現(xiàn)在僅僅兩周的時(shí)間。3.HevolunteersatananimalhospitaleverySaturdaymorning.每周六上午，他都在一'家動(dòng)物醫(yī)院當(dāng)志愿者。Lastyear,shedecidedtotryoutforavolunteerafter-schoolreadingprogram.去年，她決定去參加一個(gè)課外閱讀項(xiàng)目的志愿者的選拔。Youcanseeintheireyesthatthey'regoingonadifferentjourneywitheachnewbook.從他們的眼睛里你可以看到他們正在進(jìn)行每本不同的新書之旅。Iwanttoputoffmyplantoworkinananimalhospitaluntilnextsummer.我想把我在動(dòng)物醫(yī)院工作的計(jì)劃推遲到明年夏天。Mostpeopletodayareonlyworriedaboutgettinggoodjobstomakelotsofmoney.現(xiàn)在的大部分人只是為找一份能掙許多錢的好工作而著急。8.YouhelpedtomakeitpossibleformetohaveLuck.在你的幫助下，我才有可能擁有“幸運(yùn)兒”。四、語(yǔ)法講解動(dòng)詞+副詞短語(yǔ)cheerup使高興起來(lái)cleanup打掃干凈putup張貼mixup修理giveaway贈(zèng)送giveout分發(fā)giveup放棄useup用光getup起床handin上交putoff推遲pickup撿起thinkover仔細(xì)思考turndown關(guān)小音量setup建立setoff出發(fā)lookout小心動(dòng)詞+介詞短語(yǔ)lookafter照顧belongto屬于takeafter與相像hearfrom收到來(lái)信hearof聽(tīng)說(shuō)payfor支付waitfor等待動(dòng)詞+副詞+介詞短語(yǔ)getoutof避免comeupwith想出catchupwith追上趕上lookforwardto期待盼望goonwith繼續(xù)動(dòng)詞+名詞短語(yǔ)havearest休息一下takeawalk散步makemistakes犯錯(cuò)haveatry試一下takeplace發(fā)生tellalie撒謊makeadecision做決定動(dòng)詞+名詞+介詞短語(yǔ)havealookat看一看makeafriendwith與交朋友payattentionto注意makefunof取笑be+形容詞+介詞短語(yǔ)belatefor遲到beangrywith生氣befondof喜歡begoodat擅長(zhǎng)begoodfor對(duì)有好處beshortof缺乏besimilarto與相似bestrictwith對(duì)嚴(yán)格要求bepoundof驕傲自豪語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)動(dòng)詞不定式歸納只跟動(dòng)詞不定式做賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞決心學(xué)會(huì)有希望（decide,learn,wish,hope）同意計(jì)劃莫假裝（agree,plan,pretend）忘記拒絕會(huì)失望（forget,refuse,fail）準(zhǔn)備設(shè)法來(lái)幫忙（prepare,try,manage,help）提供請(qǐng)求負(fù)擔(dān)起（offer,beg,afford）記得阻止理應(yīng)當(dāng)（rememberstop,besupposed）難點(diǎn)講解1.Everyoneelseinmyclasswasinvitedexceptme.elseadv.“別的，其他的”，用在疑問(wèn)代詞，疑問(wèn)副詞或不定代詞之后。E.g.Whatelsedidhesay?else與表示人的不定代詞somebody,anybody,everyone等連用時(shí)，可以用所有格形式。E.g.Hetooksomebodyelse’sbookaway.2.find;findout和lookforfind“找到，發(fā)現(xiàn)”強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果。lookfor“尋找”強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)程。findout“查明，搞清楚”，指通過(guò)調(diào)查，詢問(wèn)，研究之后搞清楚，弄明白。E.g.IlookformybookeverywherebutIdidn’tfindit.Wehavetofindouttheanswertothequestion.3.Youleftyourhomeworkathome.leavev.遺留、丟下E.g.Ileftmykeysinthecar.Notice:leaveandforgetleave指將某物遺忘在某地，常用的結(jié)構(gòu)為：leave+sth.+place.E.g.Helefthisumbrellainthebusyesterday.forget指忘了某人或某事，后面不能跟具體的地點(diǎn)。E.g.Iforgottomyglasses.4.Youcouldgivehimatickettoaballgame.atickettoaballgame,to表示：的。E.g.thekeytothedoor,theanswertothequestion5.IthoughtIfailedmytest.我原以為我考試沒(méi)及格。failv.“失敗，不及格”。反義詞succeed“成功”，名詞形式為failurefail可單獨(dú)使用，也可和in連用。failthetest=failinthetestE.g.IpassedinmathbutfailedinEnglish.failtodosth“做某事沒(méi)成功，未能做某事”E.g.Hefailedtoanswerthequestion.他沒(méi)能回答出這個(gè)問(wèn)題。Shefailedtocatchtheearlybusthismorning.今早她沒(méi)能趕上早班車。6.givesbadvice=giveadvicetosb“給某人出主意、提建議”advice是不可數(shù)名詞，表示“建議，意見(jiàn)”apieceofadvice,twopiecesofadvicetakeone’sadvice接受某人的建議givesbadviceonhowtodosth給某人提關(guān)于如何做某事的建議E.g.Wearetakingadviceonlegalstepstorecoverthemoney.我們正在就追回該款項(xiàng)所需的法律程序咨詢律師。Yourcommunityofficercangiveyouadviceonhowtopreventcrimeinyourarea.社區(qū)工作人員能就如何預(yù)防社區(qū)內(nèi)犯罪提供一些忠告。Takemyadviceandstayawayfromhim!聽(tīng)我的，離他遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)的！7.as...aspossible“盡可能”as+adj./adv.原級(jí)+aspossible.E.g.Weshouldarrivethereassoonaspossible.YoushouldspeakEnglishasoftenasyoucan.8.Teacherscomplainaboutteachingtiredkidsintheplainv.“抱怨，發(fā)牢騷”complainabout/ofsthcomplaintosbabout/ofsthcomplain+that從句E.g.TheAmericancouplecomplainedaboutthehighcostofvisitingEurope.這對(duì)美國(guó)夫婦抱怨到歐洲旅行的花銷太高。Someofmyfriendscomplainedtomeaboutthefood.我的一些朋友向我抱怨這個(gè)食物。Peoplealwayscomplainthatthebigbanksandbigcompaniesareunfriendlyandunhelpful.人們總是抱怨大銀行和大公司不友善、不愿提供幫助。9.Andtheyarealwayscomparingthemwithotherpare...with...“把和相比”，表示同類事物的具體比較。compare...to...“把比作”，指非同類事物的抽象比較（含比喻之義）E.g.Comparethiswatchwiththatone,andyouwillfindwhichisbetter.Peopleoftencomparechildrentoflowers.10.She’sreallynice,andwegetonwell.getonwell(with)...（與）相處融洽E.g.Theyaregoodfriendsandgetonwellallthetime.getonwithsb=getalongwithsb“與某人相處”E.g.Theboysgetonwellwitheachother.11.Thetiedchildrendon’tgethomeuntil7pm.until作介詞或連詞，意為“到為止”。用于否定句時(shí)構(gòu)成not...until...結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“直到才”。句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為短暫性動(dòng)詞。E.g.Hedidn’tgotobeduntil10o’clock.Youcan’tleaveuntilyourmothercomesback.提示:until用于肯定句中，意為“直到為止”句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。E.g.Heoftensleepsuntil10o’clockonSundaymorning.12.Idon'thaveenoughmoney.enoughadj./adv.充足的、充分的；足夠地、十分。修飾名詞，放在他所修飾的名詞前后皆可；修飾形容詞或副詞時(shí)，只能放在所修飾的詞之后;作代詞，充分、足夠。E.g.enoughmoneyoldenoughE.g.Ihaveenoughtimetodoit.Thebookisexpensiveenough.be(not)...enoughtodo有（沒(méi)有）足夠的去做這時(shí)可以同so…that…或too…to…結(jié)構(gòu)相互轉(zhuǎn)換。E.g.Thegirlisnotoldenoughtogotoschool.=Thegirlistooyoungtogotoschool.=Thegirlissoyoungthatshecan’tgotoschool.13.Iarguedwithmybestfriend.arguewithsb.意為"與爭(zhēng)吵，爭(zhēng)論".E.g.Heoftenargueswithhisclassmates.argueabout/onsth.爭(zhēng)辯某事14.Maybeyoushouldcallhimup.maybe是副詞，用來(lái)表示推測(cè)，譯為"也許，或許，大概"。如：E.g.Maybeyouareright.Maybetheywillgooutforawalk.maybe不同于maybe。maybe是一個(gè)詞，是副詞，maybe是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞may加上動(dòng)詞原形be，意為"或許"，后接形容詞、名詞、代詞等。E.g.Itmaybetrue.Hemaybethemanwearelookingfor.callsbup.打電話給某人。E.g.IcalledupZhangHongateighto'clock.原句中him為代詞，所以放在call和up之間，不能說(shuō)成calluphim。I'llcallherupthisafternoon.Couldyouaskhimtocallme,please.在這個(gè)句子中，省略u(píng)p。在動(dòng)副結(jié)構(gòu)的短語(yǔ)中，代詞一定放在動(dòng)副之間。15.Idon'twanttosurprisehim.surprisev.“使驚奇，使感到意外”是個(gè)及物動(dòng)詞，可以說(shuō)成"surprisesb."，表示"使驚訝"。E.g.Thenewssurprisesusgreatly.surprisedadj.驚訝的；surprisingadj.令人驚訝的。E.g.I'msurprisedtohearthenews.It'sasurprisinggift,andIloveit.相關(guān)短語(yǔ)toone’ssurprise“令某人驚奇的”insurprise“驚訝地”16.No,hedoesn'thaveanymoney,either.either的用法：用作副詞，用在否定句或否定詞組后加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣，表示"也"，"而且"，常用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)。E.g.Hedoesn'tlikesinging,andhedoesn'tlikedancing,either.either用作代詞時(shí)，常表示"兩者之中任何一個(gè)"，常與短語(yǔ)連用或用作賓語(yǔ)。E.g.Eitherofthemwillagreewithyou.Idon'tlikeeitherofthebooks.【區(qū)別】either,too和alsoalso也，用在肯定句中，位于be動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞之后，行為動(dòng)詞前。E.g.Wealsolikeplayingfootball.too也，用在陳述句和疑問(wèn)句句末，常用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)。E.g.Hehasalotofpenpals,too.AreyouAmerica,too?17.Ineedtogetsomemoneytopayforsummercamp.need是個(gè)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，也可以是行為動(dòng)詞。當(dāng)它是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，后邊直接加行為動(dòng)詞，表示"需要"，但need作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)一般不用于肯定句。它一般用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句中E.g.Youneednotmeethim.NeedIrepeatit?對(duì)上一句的簡(jiǎn)略回答為：Yes,youneed./No,youneedn't.此外情態(tài)動(dòng)詞must提問(wèn)時(shí)，否定回答時(shí)為No,...needn't/don’thaveto。E.g.Musthefinishth