26/26哈工大附中2021-2022學(xué)年度第一學(xué)期期末考試試題高二學(xué)年英語學(xué)科第一部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分40分）第一節(jié)共15小題；每小題2分，滿分30分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、c和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AToursinGuizhouProvinceHuangguoshuWaterfallTourRunning:MaylstthroughNovember10thThistourtransportsyoutooneofGuizhouProvince’smostfantasticattractions,thelargestwaterfallinChina!Hereyoucanenjoythemagnificentwaterfallandlargecavelandscape.Thenwewilltakeyoutohaveafreetasteoflocalfood.DepartingfromGuiyang:7:30amand8:30amDuration(持續(xù)時(shí)間):7hoursPrice:250yuanOne-Thousand-HouseholdMiaoVillageofXijiangTourRunning:April6ththroughOctober23rdThisattractivetourtakesyoutothemostspecialMiaovillagescenesofGuizhou.Enjoytheuniquemultistoreyturret(角樓)asyougothroughthetraditionalwoodenhousestown.ElegantMiaoclothesareprovidedforyoutotakebeautifulphotos,andyoucanparticipateintheirfestivitiesifyouareluckyenough.DepartingfromGuiyang:2:00pmand3:00pmDuration:1.5daysAdvancereservationsrequired.QianlingMountainParkTourRunning:MarchlstthroughDecember30thThistourgoesthroughthewholemountainonitswaytoHongfuTemplewhichisquitefamousinthesouthernpartofChina.Hereyoucanenjoythehistoryofthefamoustempleandthedeliciousvegetarianfood(素食)offered.Departingfromthehotel:8:00amand9:00am.Duration:3hoursPrice:40yuanSiteoftheZunyiConferenceTourRunning:January10ththroughDecember31stJoinusforahistorytourofChinathroughthehistoricaldistrict.Enjoythespecialdesignandconstructionofthesiteasyougetintothehistoricalspiritoftheconference.DepartingfromGuiyang:1:00pmand2:00pm.Duration:2hoursPrice:Availableuponrequest1.Whichtourdoyouneedtobookinadvance?A.HuangguoshuWaterfallTour.B.QianlingMountainParkTour.C.SiteoftheZunyiConferenceTour.D.One-Thousand-HouseholdMiaoVillageofXijiangTour.2.WhatwillyoudoontheSiteoftheZunyiConferenceTour?A.LearnaboutChinesehistory.B.Enjoythebeautifulsite.C.Attendtheimportantmeeting.D.Joininthespecialdesigningactivity.3.Wheredoesthistextmostprobablycomefrom?A.Sciencemagazine. B.Atraveljournal.C.Ateacher’shandbook. D.Apersonaldiary.【答案】1.D2.A3.B【解析】【分析】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了貴州四個(gè)著名景點(diǎn)的特色、價(jià)格和游玩時(shí)間等信息。【1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)One-Thousand-HouseholdMiaoVillageofXijiangTour部分中“Advancereservationsrequired.(需要提前預(yù)訂)”可知，西江千戶苗寨游(One-Thousand-HouseholdMiaoVillageofXijiangTour)需要提前預(yù)定。故選D項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)SiteoftheZunyiConferenceTour部分中“JoinusforahistorytourofChinathroughthehistoricaldistrict.(加入我們的歷史之旅，通過歷史街區(qū)了解中國的歷史)”可知，在遵義會(huì)議會(huì)址可以了解中國歷史。故選A項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)標(biāo)題“ToursinGuizhouProvince”（貴州之旅）可知，文章介紹了貴州四個(gè)著名景點(diǎn)的特色、價(jià)格和游玩時(shí)間等信息，由此推知，這篇文章很有可能出自旅游雜志。故選B項(xiàng)。BSomedevelopedcountriesintheworldhavebeguntoshortenworkinghours.Japan,ontheotherhand,hasbeeninthecultureofoverwork.Theproblemissoseverethatthecountryhasevencreatedatermforit:karoshi,whichmeansdeathbyoverworkfromstress-inducedillnessesorseveredepression.Ifthesystemoffour-dayworkweekistestedinJapan,whatwillhappen?Agrowingnumberofsmallercompaniesareadoptingafour-dayworkweek.NowtheresultsofarecenttrialatMicrosoft(MSFT)suggestitcouldworkevenforthebiggestbusinesses.ThecompanyintroducedaprogramthissummerinJapancalledthe“WorkLifeChoiceChallenge,”whichshutdownitsofficeseveryFridayinAugustandgaveallemployeesanextradayoffeachweek.Theresultswerepromising:Whiletheamountoftimespentonworkwascutdramatically,productivity—measuredbysalesperemployee—wentupbyalmost40%comparedtothesameperiodthepreviousyear,thecompanysaidinastatementlastweek.Inadditiontoreducingworkinghours,managersurgedthestafftocutdownonthetimetheyspentinmeetingsandrespondingtoemails.Theysuggestedthatmeetingsshouldlastnolongerthan30minutes.Employeeswerealsoencouragedtocutdownonmeetingsaltogetherbyusinganonlinemessagingapp(Microsoft’s,ofcourse).Theeffectswerewidespread.Morethan90%ofMicrosoft’s2,280employeesinJapanlatersaidtheywereimpactedbythenewmeasures,accordingtothecompany.Byshuttingdownearliereachweek,thecompanywasalsoabletosaveonotherresources,suchaselectricity.4.Whyistheideafour-dayworkweektestedinJapan?A.Becauseoverworkhascausedseriousproblems.B.BecausetheofficesmustbeshutdownonFriday.C.Becausethestaffcangetextradaystoresteasily.D.Becausesmallercompanieshavetakenthemeasure.5.What’stheresultofadoptingafour-dayworkweek?A.Itisawasteofenergy.BTheworkersearnedlessmoney.C.Theworkingefficiencyincreasesgreatly.D.Japan’sunemploymentrateisbarelyrising.6.Howcanthetimethestaffspentonmeetingsbereduced?A.Bycancellingmeetings.B.Byusingemailstorespond.C.Bycuttingdownworkinghours.D.Byusingacertainonlinemessagingapp.7.Whatisthestaff’sattitudetothenewmeasures?A.Supportive. B.Negative. C.Critical. D.Indifferent.【答案】4.A5.C6.D7.A【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了日本微軟公司采用一周四天工作日的政策后，雇員的工作效率大幅提高，收到良好效果?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Japan,ontheotherhand,hasbeeninthecultureofoverwork.Theproblemissoseverethatthecountryhasevencreatedatermforit:karoshi,whichmeansdeathbyoverworkfromstress-inducedillnessesorseveredepression.”可知，日本一直處于過度工作的文化中。這個(gè)問題是如此嚴(yán)重，以至于國家甚至為它創(chuàng)造了一個(gè)術(shù)語：過勞死，這意味著過度工作導(dǎo)致的疾病或嚴(yán)重的抑郁癥死亡。所以四天工作制在日本被測試，故選A。【5題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“Theresultswerepromising...wentupbyalmost40%comparedtothesameperiodthepreviousyear,”可知，結(jié)果是很樂觀的，雇員的工作效率相比之前同期增長了40%。故選C?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Employeeswerealsoencouragedtocutdownonmeetingsaltogetherbyusinganonlinemessagingapp.”可知，雇員被鼓勵(lì)減少會(huì)議時(shí)間是通過使用一種線上消息應(yīng)用程序。故選D?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第一段“Morethan90%ofMicrosoft’s2,280employeesinJapanlatersaidtheywereimpactedbythenewmeasures”可知，大部分雇員被新措施影響。從前文可知這些影響包括減少工作時(shí)間和會(huì)議時(shí)間，提高生產(chǎn)率，所以影響是積極的。A．Supportive.鼓勵(lì)的，支持的；B．Negative.否定的；C．Critical.批評的；D．Indifferent.漠不關(guān)心的。故選A?！军c(diǎn)睛】細(xì)節(jié)理解題可根據(jù)題干直接定位出題的句子或段落，節(jié)省閱讀時(shí)間。例如第二題，可根據(jù)result得知問的是新政策的結(jié)果。文章第四段開頭可以找到result。由此可知答案出現(xiàn)在第四段。CAnewstudyonthelinkbetweenchilianddementia(老年癡呆)maybringbadnewsforspicyfoodaddicts.Researchershavefoundthateatinglotsofchilimaycauseanincreasedriskofdementia.Thestudy,ledbyZuminShi,analyzed4,582Chineseadultsaged55andabovebetween1991and2006andfoundevidenceoffastercognitivedeclineinthosewhoconsistentlyatemorethan50gramsofchiliaday.“Chiliconsumptionwasfoundtobebeneficialtobodyweightandbloodpressureinourpreviousstudies.However,inthisstudy,wefoundnegativeeffectsoncognitionamongolderadults,”ShisaidinapressreleasepublishedTuesday.“ChiliisoneofthemostcommonlyusedspicesintheworldandparticularlypopularinAsiacomparedtoEuropeancountries,”MingLifromtheUniversityofSouthernAustraliasaidinthepressrelease.“IncertainregionsofChina,suchasSichuanandHunan,almostoneinthreeadultsconsumesspicyfoodeveryday.”Theresearcherssaidpeopleofnormalbodyweightmaybemoresensitivetochiliintakeandhencetheirmemoryandweightsufferabiggerimpact.Worldwide,around50millionpeoplehavedementia,andAlzheimer’sdiseaseisthemostcommonformthatmaycontributeto60percentto70percentofthecases,accordingtotheWorldHealthOrganization.Atpresent,notreatmentcancuredementiaorchangeitsprogressivecourse.8.Accordingtothetext,whataspectischiliconsumptionharmfulto?A.Bodyshape. B.Bodyweight C.Bloodpressure. D.Cognitiveabilities.9Whatisparagraph3mainlyabout?A.Theplantingofchili. B.Thepopularityofchili.C.Thebadeffectsofchili D.Thecustomofeatingchili.10.Whoaremostlikelytosufferfromeatinglotsofchili?A.Overweightseniors. B.Overweightteenagers.C.Seniorsofnormalbodyweight D.Teenagersofnormalbodyweight11.Whatdoweknowaboutdementia?A.Itisincurable. B.Itaffectspeople’sweight.C.Itdeterminesbloodtypes. D.Itcanbecuredbyeatingchili.【答案】8.D9.B10.C11.A【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，吃太多辣椒可能導(dǎo)致癡呆癥?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Thestudy,ledbyZuminShi,analyzed4,582Chineseadultsaged55andabovebetween1991and2006andfoundevidenceoffastercognitivedeclineinthosewhoconsistentlyatemorethan50gramsofchiliaday.(這項(xiàng)研究由施祖民領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，分析了1991年至2006年期間4582名55歲及以上的中國成年人，發(fā)現(xiàn)有證據(jù)表明，每天吃辣椒超過50克的人認(rèn)知能力下降得更快。)”可知，食用辣椒對認(rèn)知能力有害。故選D項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段中““ChiliisoneofthemostcommonlyusedspicesintheworldandparticularlypopularinAsiacomparedtoEuropeancountries,”MingLifromtheUniversityofSouthernAustraliasaidinthepressrelease.“IncertainregionsofChina,suchasSichuanandHunan,almostoneinthreeadultsconsumesspicyfoodeveryday.”(南澳大利亞大學(xué)的李明在新聞發(fā)布會(huì)上說：“辣椒是世界上使用最廣泛的香料之一，和歐洲國家相比，它在亞洲特別受歡迎?！薄霸谥袊哪承┑貐^(qū)，如四川、湖南，幾乎三分之一的成年人每天都吃辛辣食物?！?”可知，本段主要講了辣椒的受歡迎程度。故選B項(xiàng)。【10題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Theresearcherssaidpeopleofnormalbodyweightmaybemoresensitivetochiliintakeandhencetheirmemoryandweightsufferabiggerimpact.(研究人員表示，體重正常的人可能對攝入辣椒更敏感，因此他們的記憶力和體重受到更大的影響。)”和第二段中“However,inthisstudy,wefoundnegativeeffectsoncognitionamongolderadults.(然而，在這項(xiàng)研究中，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)老年人的認(rèn)知能力受到了負(fù)面影響。)”可知，體重正常的老年人吃很多辣椒最有可能受到影響。故選C項(xiàng)。【11題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Atpresent,notreatmentcancuredementiaorchangeitsprogressivecourse.(目前，沒有治療方法可以治愈癡呆或改變其進(jìn)展過程。)”可知，癡呆癥是無法治愈的。故選A項(xiàng)。DRamennoodleshavebeenago-tofoodforstudentsfordecades.Afterall,theyonlytakeeightminutestocookinadormhotpotandareeasyonthebudget.HollyGrounds,arecentprojectdesigngraduatewhousedtoeatalotoframennoodleswhenshestudied,startedthinkingthatthepackagingofaproductshouldn'ttakedecadesormoretobreakdown.That'swhyshedecidedtomakeeatablewrappers（包裝材料）fornoodles,avoidingtheneedforplastic.Groundswantedtoproduceaproductthattheusercouldwatchactuallymeltinthepot.“Whileotherbio-basedalternativestoplasticclaimtobeabletobreakdown,inaconsumer’seyes,it'snotalwaysthatsimple,”shesaid.“Manyofthebio-basedfilmsonlybreakdownat50degreesCelsius,sotheyoftenendupinthewrongplacewithouttheconsumerreallyknowingthattheycauseddamagetotheplanet.”Now,insteadofplasticpacksofseasonings,thedriedspicesandflavorings（調(diào)味品）arepartofaflavorlessbioplasticfilmthatwrapsthenoodlesandkeepsthemfresh.Thefilmmeltsinlessthanaminutewhenitcomesintoboilingwater,andtheliquidbecomesthesauce（調(diào)味汁）forthenoodles.“Thesauceisheateduntilthemixtureisthickenough.Atthispoint,Iaddthespicesandflavoringsbeforepouringitintoamold（模子）tosetfor24hours,”Groundssaid.Thesenoodleparcelsarethenpackagedinawax-coatedpaper.Withplasticstakinghundredsofyearstobreakdown,eatablepackagingandsingle-usearticlesareseenasthewaytogo.Groundsseesopportunitiestousehereatablepackagingforotherreadymealsandshewantstocontributetotheglobalfightagainstsingle-useplastics.12.WhydoesGroundswanttoreplaceplasticwrapperswitheatableones?A.Theplasticonesarenoteco-friendly.B.Theplasticonesdoharmtoourhealth.C.Theeatableonesappealtomoreconsumers.D.Theeatableonessavemorecookingtime.13.Whatmakesthebio-basedfilmsfailtobreakdowninpractice?A.Theimmaturetechnology.B.Thehighcostofprocess.CTheirveryspecialmaterialcomposition.D.Theirspecificconditionsofbreakingdown.14.WhatdoweknowabouttheeatablewrapperaccordingtoParagraph3?A.Itensureslongerpreservationtime.B.Itrequiresaspecialcookingmethod.C.Itendsupasthesauceforfood.D.Itimprovesthenutritionofnoodles.15.Thefourthparagraphmainlytalksaboutthetheeatablenoodlewrappers.A.themethodofusing B.theprocessofmakingC.thepackagingdesignfor D.thestoragerequirementsfor【答案】12.A13.D14.C15.B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文。短文介紹了英國一名大學(xué)生制作出可食用的包裝袋，這種食品袋集包裝、防腐、調(diào)味為一體，熱水沖泡后幾分鐘內(nèi)化為湯料，方便又環(huán)保?！驹斀狻?.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“HollyGrounds,arecentprojectdesigngraduatewhousedtoeatalotoframennoodleswhenshestudied,startedthinkingthatthepackagingofaproductshouldn'ttakedecadesormoretobreakdown.”（最近畢業(yè)于項(xiàng)目設(shè)計(jì)專業(yè)的HollyGrounds，在學(xué)習(xí)的時(shí)候吃了很多拉面，她開始認(rèn)為，產(chǎn)品的包裝不應(yīng)該用幾十年甚至更久的時(shí)間來分解。）可知，Holly想要用可食用包裝來替代塑料包裝是由于塑料制品不環(huán)保。故選A項(xiàng)。2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“‘Manyofthebio-basedfilmsonlybreakdownat50degreesCelsius,sotheyoftenendupinthewrongplacewithouttheconsumerreallyknowingthattheycauseddamagetotheplanet.’”（“‘許多生物薄膜只有在50攝氏度的溫度下才會(huì)分解，所以它們經(jīng)常被放置在錯(cuò)誤的地方，消費(fèi)者并沒有真正意識到它們對地球造成了破壞?！保〩olly的話可知，現(xiàn)實(shí)中生物薄膜難以分解是因?yàn)榉纸庑枰囟ǖ囊蟆９蔬xD項(xiàng)。3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Thefilmmeltsinlessthanaminutewhenitcomesintoboilingwater,andtheliquidbecomesthesauceforthenoodles.”（當(dāng)薄膜進(jìn)入沸水中不到一分鐘就會(huì)融化，而液體就變成了面條的醬汁。）可知，食用包裝最后成為了食物的醬汁。故選C項(xiàng)。4.主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第四段“‘Thesauceisheateduntilthemixtureisthickenough.Atthispoint,Iaddthespicesandflavoringsbeforepouringitintoamoldtosetfor24hours,’Groundssaid.Thesenoodleparcelsarethenpackagedinawax-coatedpaper.”（“‘把醬汁加熱到足夠粘稠為止。現(xiàn)在，我先加入香料和調(diào)味料，然后再把它們倒進(jìn)模具，讓其凝固24小時(shí)?！疓rounds說。這些面條包裹會(huì)用蠟紙包裝起來?！保┛芍?，文章第四段說明了食用薄膜的制作過程。故選B項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，滿分10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填人空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。ThomasDerksenwasborninGermanyin1988andmarriedChinesegirl,ZhuLiping,in2014.Afterthat,theychosetoliveinShanghai.OneweekendhewenttotheSnakeArtificialIslandinShanghaitofishwithhisChinesefather-in-law._____16_____Onthejourneytotheisland,Derksen'sfather-in-law,"oldZhu",calledfiveofhisfriendsonebyonepromisingtogivethemeachtwofish.However,itproveddifficulttocatchmorethanthetwofishwhichDerksenhooked.____17____Intheend,tohonorthepromises,theywenttoanearbymarkettobuyadozenfish.DerksendescribesthisfunnythinginhisGermanbookabouthistryingtowinoverhiswife'stoughChinesefather.ThebookpublishedinAprilhassoldmorethan20,000copiesinGermany.____18____ThebookhasbeensofartranslatedintoChinese,titledMeettheTigerFather-in-Law.Thefirstrunof5,100copieshassoldout.WhatcausedDerksentowritethisbook?InfacthehadbeenthinkingofhowtoletGermanpeoplelearnmoreaboutChina.____19____.SohewrotedownallthefunnythingsthathehadexperiencedinChinatohelpGermanreadersbetterknowaboutChineseculture.____20____.DespitetheconvenienceoftheInternetandsocialmedia,itiscommonforpeopletoharborculturalstereotypes(刻板印象)ofothercountries.Derksensaid,"Tochangepeople'sstereotypicalviewofanothercountry,oneofthebestwaysistovisitthecountryinperson,totakealookandtoexperiencethelocalcustomsandtraditionsPeopleoftencommunicatewitheachotherbetterwhenthatisthecase".A.Hisfriendsuggestedthathewriteabook.B.Therearemanychallengesinamixedmarriage.C.TheyareveryenthusiasticabouttheChinesehistory.D.Hethoughtitwasagoodopportunitytoimprovetheirrelationship.E.It'spopularforitsvividandamusingdetailsaboutChinesepeopleandculture.F.Theunhappyfather-in-lawandthenervousson-in-lawbarelyexchangedaword.G.Understandingiskeytothecommunicationbetweenpeoplefromdifferentcultures.【答案】16.D17.F18.E19.A20.G【解析】【分析】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了來自德國的ThomasDerksen成了中國女婿。他將在中國經(jīng)歷的趣聞軼事記錄下來，編寫成書，以幫助德國讀者更好地了解中國文化?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)上文“OneweekendhewenttotheSnakeArtificialIslandinShanghaitofishwithhisChinesefather-in-law（一個(gè)周末，他和他的中國岳父去上海的蛇人工島釣魚。）”可知，ThomasDerksen和中國岳父一起去釣魚,故D項(xiàng)：Hethoughtitwasagoodopportunitytoimprovetheirrelationship（他認(rèn)為這是改善他們關(guān)系的一個(gè)好機(jī)會(huì)）符合語境。D項(xiàng)中的it指代上文提到的一起釣魚這件事。故選D?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)上文提到的“Onthejourneytotheisland,Derksen'sfather-in-law,"oldZhu",calledfiveofhisfriendsonebyonepromisingtogivethemeachtwofish.（在去島上的路上，德克森的岳父“老朱”一個(gè)接一個(gè)地叫來他的五個(gè)朋友，承諾給他們每人兩條魚。）”可知，Derksen的岳父給五個(gè)朋友打電話承諾給每人送兩條魚及空前的“However,itproveddifficulttocatchmorethanthetwofishwhichDerksenhooked（然而，事實(shí)證明，除了德克森釣到的兩條魚之外，很難釣到更多的魚。）”可知，除了Derksen釣到的兩條魚之外,他們很難再釣到更多的魚，故接下來應(yīng)該承接上文，描繪在這種情形下兩人的反應(yīng)。F項(xiàng)：Theunhappyfather-in-lawandthenervousson-in-lawbarelyexchangedaword.（不高興的岳父和緊張的女婿幾乎沒說一句話）符合語境。故選F。【18題詳解】根據(jù)空前的“ThebookpublishedinAprilhassoldmorethan20,000copiesinGermany（這本四月份出版的書在德國已經(jīng)賣出了2萬多本）”可知，這本書在德國銷量不錯(cuò)，故接下來說明這本書受歡迎的原因。E項(xiàng)：It'spopularforitsvividandamusingdetailsaboutChinesepeopleandculture.（它因其生動(dòng)而有趣的關(guān)于中國人民和文化的細(xì)節(jié)而受歡迎。）符合語境。故選E?！?9題詳解】根據(jù)本段的首句“WhatcausedDerksentowritethisbook?（是什么促使德克森寫這本書?）”和空后的“SohewrotedownallthefunnythingsthathehadexperiencedinChina（所以他寫下了他在中國經(jīng)歷的所有有趣的事情）”可知，空處應(yīng)該闡述Derksen寫書的原因，即他曾思考如何讓德國人更多地了解中國，他的朋友建議他寫一本書，因此他將他在中國經(jīng)歷的趣事都寫了下來。故選A?！?0題詳解】根據(jù)下文內(nèi)容“DespitetheconvenienceoftheInternetandsocialmedia…totakealookandtoexperiencethelocalcustomsandtraditionsPeopleoftencommunicatewitheachotherbetterwhenthatisthecase"（盡管互聯(lián)網(wǎng)和社交媒體提供了便利，但人們對其他國家的文化成見仍然很常見。德克森說:“要改變?nèi)藗儗α硪粋€(gè)國家的刻板印象，最好的方法之一就是親自到這個(gè)國家去，看一看，體驗(yàn)當(dāng)?shù)氐娘L(fēng)俗和傳統(tǒng)。在這種情況下，人們通常會(huì)更好地相互交流?！保笨芍挛恼f到Derksen認(rèn)為，為了改變一個(gè)人的文化刻板印象，最好的辦法之就是親自去這個(gè)國家，切身感受這個(gè)國家的文化，在這種情況下人們經(jīng)常會(huì)更好地溝通。故本段強(qiáng)調(diào)了解各國的文化對不同國家的人之間的交流的重要性。故選G。第二部分語言知識運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分45分）第一節(jié)（共20小題；每小題1.5分，滿分30分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、c和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，j選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Iwasatthebusstop,onmywaytothelabwhereIwasapostdoctoralfellow.Itwas____21____likeanyothermorning.Butsomethingbeganto____22____insidemeasIwatchedthepeoplearoundme–headphoneshangingfromtheirears,eyes____23____,unsmilingfaces.Theylooked____24____AndlrealizedIwasoneofthem.Suddenly,Icouldnolonger____25____myworklifeandbookedaone-waytickettoflyhome.Overtheyears,Ihadgrownmore____26____.Thosewhocouldhavebeencollaborators(合作者)becamecompetitorsI____27____.Buttheeffectofthiscompetitionwasexactlythe____28____ofwhatIhadhopedfor.SoIbegantofeelaloneand____29____.Ibecamelessandlessproductiveinmyscientificwork.I______30______mybreakingpointthatdayatthebusstop.The______31______hadtoend.Iemailedmyprofessors,explainingthatIhadputthe______32______firstandmyselfsecondfortoolong.Backhome,I______33______myfamilyandfriendsaboutmyproblems.Ialsostartedtoreceivesomeemailsfrommy______34______Iguessedtheyexpectedmetojointhemagainsoon.Afterafew______35______askinghowIwas,intheemailsmanyexpressedtheirstressofacademiclife.Vulnerable(脆弱的)researcherswere______36______theirheadsoutoftheirshells(殼).Iunderstandthatweall______37______sometimes,andthatvulnerabilityandcollaborationcanbemore______38______thancompetition.Infact,itcanbea______39______,insteadofonewhereonesidegainswhiletheothersideloses.Workingwithothersand______40______helpdoesn’tmakemyContributionsunimportant;itmeanswecanallsucceed.21.A.never B.just C.even D.already22.A.awaken B.argue C.settle D.disappear23.A.castaway B.castoff C.castdown D.castaround24.A.unfriendly B.unhealthy C.loose D.upset25.A.continue B.balance C.improve D.predict26.A.mature B.academic C.competitive D.positive27.A.disliked B.ignored C.disbelieved D.rejected28.A.outcome B.choice C.case D.opposite29.A.disappointed B.Lost C.ashamed D.guilty30.A.spotted B.marked C.hit D.realized31.A.play B.race C.loneliness D.prejudice32.A.evaluation B.reputation C.production D.occupation33.A.gotalongwith B.keptawayfrom C.stoodupfor D.openedupto34.A.workmates B.friends C.teammates D.sponsors35.A.jokes B.lines C.calls D.emails36.A.shaking B.sticking C.scratching D.spinning37.A.fail B.regret C.struggle D.hesitate38.A.powerful B.familiar C.painful D.popular39.A.differentstory B.non-controversialcase C.closefinish D.win-wingame40.A.offering B.praising C.seeking D.refusing【答案】21.B22.A23.C24.D25.A26.C27.A28.D29.B30.C31.B32.D33.D34.A35.B36.B37.C38.A39.D40.C【解析】【分析】這是一篇夾敘夾議文。本文作者敘述了自己作為博士后研究員工作期間，有一天早晨在車站，他看著周圍沮喪的人群，突然感覺自己也是他們中的一員。他開始醒悟了，訂了一張單程機(jī)票回家。他厭倦了競爭，最終感悟到工作本應(yīng)該是一場雙贏的游戲，與他人合作并尋求幫助才是雙贏，意味著更大的成功。【21題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：就只像其他任何一個(gè)早晨一樣。A.never從不；B.just只是，僅僅是；C.even即使；D.already已經(jīng)。根據(jù)語境及“anyothermorning”可知，此處指這個(gè)早晨只是（just）和其他任何一個(gè)早晨一樣。故選B項(xiàng)。【22題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：但當(dāng)我看著周圍的人時(shí)，我的內(nèi)心開始覺醒——耳機(jī)掛在他們的耳朵上，眼睛垂下，臉上沒有笑容。A.awaken蘇醒；B.argue爭論；C.settle解決；D.disappear消失。根據(jù)下文“AndlrealizedIwasoneofthem.”可知，作者意識到自己是他們中的一員，因此，內(nèi)心的某種東西開始覺醒（awaken）。故選A項(xiàng)。【23題詳解】考查短語辨析。句意：但當(dāng)我看著周圍的人時(shí)，我的內(nèi)心開始蘇醒——耳機(jī)掛在他們的耳朵上，眼睛垂下，臉上沒有笑容。A.castaway拋棄；B.castoff拋棄；C.castdown使向下（垂下），使沮喪；D.castaround翻來覆去。根據(jù)該空前后“…h(huán)eadphoneshangingfromtheirears…unsmilingfaces.”可知，耳機(jī)掛在他們的耳朵上，臉上沒有笑容，推知作者看到他們的狀態(tài)都是很低沉沮喪，眼睛應(yīng)該是垂下（castdown）的狀態(tài)。故選C項(xiàng)。【24題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：他們看起來很沮喪，我意識到我是他們中的一員。A.unfriendly不友好的；B.unhealthy不健康的；C.loose釋放；D.upset沮喪的。根據(jù)上文“headphoneshangingfromtheirears,eyes____3____,unsmilingfaces.”可知，耳機(jī)掛在他們的耳朵上，眼睛垂下，臉上沒有笑容，這種狀態(tài)，讓作者看起來他們很沮喪（upset）。故選D項(xiàng)。【25題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：突然，我無法繼續(xù)我的工作生活，我訂了一張單程機(jī)票回家。A.continue持續(xù)；B.balance均衡；C.improve改進(jìn)；D.predict預(yù)測。根據(jù)該空后“…bookedaone-waytickettoflyhome”可知，作者訂了一張單程機(jī)票回家，推知，作者當(dāng)時(shí)無法繼續(xù)（continue）他的工作。故選A項(xiàng)?！?6題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：這些年來，我變得更有競爭力。A.mature成熟；B.academic學(xué)術(shù)的；C.competitive競爭的，有競爭力的；D.positive積極樂觀的。根據(jù)下文“ThosewhocouldhavebeencollaboratorsbecamecompetitorsI____7____.”可知，作者多年來一心求勝，原本可以是合作者的人成了他不喜歡的競爭對手，這個(gè)過程中，自己變得更有競爭力了（competitive）。故選C項(xiàng)?！?7題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：那些可能是合作者的人成為我不喜歡的競爭對手。A.disliked不喜歡；B.ignored忽略；C.disbelieved不相信；D.rejected拒絕。根據(jù)下文“Buttheeffectofthiscompetitionwasexactlythe____8____ofwhatIhadhopedfor.SoIbegantofeelaloneand____9____.”可知，競爭的效果恰恰與作者所希望的相反，這使他感到孤獨(dú)和失落，推知，那些可能是合作者的人成為作者不喜歡（disliked）的競爭對手。故選A項(xiàng)?！?8題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：但這場競爭的效果恰恰與我所希望的相反。A.outcome結(jié)果；B.choice選擇；C.case案例；D.opposite相反。根據(jù)下文“SoIbegantofeelaloneand____9____.Ibecamelessandlessproductiveinmyscientificwork.”可知，作者感到孤獨(dú)和失落，推知，競爭的效果恰恰與作者所希望的相反（opposite），沒有達(dá)到作者想要的。故選D項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：所以我開始感到孤獨(dú)和失落。A.disappointed失望的；B.lost失落的；C.ashamed慚愧的；D.guilty內(nèi)疚的。根據(jù)上文“Buttheeffectofthiscompetitionwasexactlythe____8____ofwhatIhadhopedfor.”可知，競爭的效果恰恰與作者所希望的相反，因此，作者感到孤獨(dú)和失落（lost）。故選B項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我那天在公共汽車站碰觸到了我的臨界點(diǎn)。A.spotted斑點(diǎn)；B.marked標(biāo)記；C.hit碰觸，撞到；D.realized實(shí)現(xiàn)。根據(jù)上文“Suddenly,Icouldnolonger____5____myworklifeandbookedaone-waytickettoflyhome.”以及下文“The____11____hadtoend.”可知，那天早上，作者突然醒悟到這樣的競爭應(yīng)該結(jié)束，買了回家的機(jī)票，推知那天是他碰觸了（hit）自己心理上的某個(gè)臨界點(diǎn)。故選C項(xiàng)?！?1題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：競爭必須結(jié)束。A.play玩；B.race競爭；C.loneliness孤獨(dú)；D.prejudice偏見。根據(jù)下文“Iemailedmyprofessors,explainingthatIhadputthe____12____firstandmyselfsecondfortoolong.”可知，作者給教授發(fā)電子郵件，解釋說他把職業(yè)放在第一位，把自己放在第二位太久了，推知他想退出競爭，競爭（race）必須結(jié)束。故選B項(xiàng)?！?2題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我給我的教授發(fā)電子郵件，解釋說我把職業(yè)放在第一位，把自己放在第二位太久了。A.evaluation評價(jià)；B.reputation名譽(yù)；C.production生產(chǎn)；D.occupation職業(yè)，工作。根據(jù)語境，尤其是上文“Overtheyears,Ihadgrownmore____6____...Buttheeffectofthiscompetitionwasexactlythe____8____ofwhatIhadhopedfor.SoIbegantofeelaloneand____9____.Ibecamelessandlessproductiveinmyscientificwork.”可知，作者認(rèn)為自己多年來一直處于競爭狀態(tài)，但是，競爭的效果與作者所希望的相反，作者因此感到失落。推知該句的意思是，這么多年以來，自己一直在競爭，把職業(yè)（occupation）放在了第一位，而忽略了自己的需求，實(shí)際上早已厭倦了競爭。故選D項(xiàng)。【33題詳解】考查短語辨析。句意：回到家里，我向我的家人和朋友公開了我的問題。A.gotalongwith相處；B.keptawayfrom遠(yuǎn)離；C.stoodupfor支持；D.openedupto開放，公開，暢所欲言。根據(jù)語境及該空后“myfamilyandfriendsaboutmyproblems”可知，作者向家人和朋友公開（openedupto）傾訴了他的問題。故選D項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我也開始收到同事的一些電子郵件——我猜他們希望我很快再次加入他們。A.workmates同事；B.friends朋友；C.teammates隊(duì)友；D.sponsors贊助商。根據(jù)下文“Afterafew____15____askinghowIwas,intheemailsmanyexpressedtheirstressofacademiclife.Vulnerableresearcherswere____16____theirheadsoutoftheirshells”可知，許多人在電子郵件中表達(dá)了他們對學(xué)術(shù)生活的壓力，推知，他們是和作者一樣，從事研究學(xué)術(shù)工作的同事（workmates）。故選A項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：在寫了幾句話詢問我的情況后，許多人在電子郵件中表達(dá)了他們對學(xué)術(shù)生活的壓力。A.jokes笑話；B.lines話；C.calls電話；D.emails電子郵件。根據(jù)上文“Ialsostartedtoreceivesomeemailsfrommy____14____”可知，作者收到一些同事的一些電子郵件，推知作者的同事們先對作者的狀況表示關(guān)心，郵件中先詢問作者的狀況，幾句話之后，再表達(dá)他們也存在同樣的壓力。故選B項(xiàng)?！?6題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：脆弱的研究人員正把頭伸出外殼。A.shaking搖動(dòng)；B.sticking伸出；C.scratching刮傷；D.spinning紡紗。根據(jù)上文“Afterafew____15____askinghowIwas,intheemailsmanyexpressedtheirstressofacademiclife.”和下文“Iunderstandthatweall____17____sometimes,”可知，作者和同事們通過郵件交流感情，都表達(dá)了對學(xué)術(shù)的壓力，都處在掙扎中，正把頭伸出（sticking）外殼，這是一種形象的比喻用法，用以比喻研究人員開始與別人交流感情。故選B項(xiàng)?！?7題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我理解，我們有時(shí)都會(huì)掙扎，脆弱和協(xié)作可能比競爭更強(qiáng)大。A.fail失??；B.regret后悔；C.struggle掙扎；D.hesitate猶豫。根據(jù)上文“Afterafew____15____askinghowIwas,intheemailsmanyexpressedtheirstressofacademiclife.”可知，許多人在給作者電子郵件中表達(dá)了他們對學(xué)術(shù)生活的壓力，推知，他們也在掙扎（struggle）。故選C項(xiàng)?！?8題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我理解，我們有時(shí)都會(huì)掙扎，脆弱和合作可能比競爭更強(qiáng)大。A.powerful強(qiáng)大的；B.familiar熟悉的；C.painful痛苦的；D.popular受喜愛的。根據(jù)下文“Infact,itcanbea____19____,insteadofonewhereonesidegainswhiletheothersideloses.Workingwithothersand____20____helpdoesn’tmakemyContributionsunimportant;itmeanswecanallsucceed.”可知，作者認(rèn)為，工作應(yīng)該是雙贏的，與他人合作并尋求幫助意味著都能成功，推知，作者在此處表達(dá)，合作可能比競爭更強(qiáng)大（powerful）。故選A項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】考查短語辨析。句意：事實(shí)上，這可能是一場雙贏的游戲，而不是一方贏另一方輸?shù)挠螒?。A.differentstory不同的故事；B.non-controversialcase無爭議案件；C.closefinish接近終點(diǎn)；D.win-wingame雙贏游戲。根據(jù)下文“itmeanswecanallsucceed.”可知，意味著都能成功，是一場雙贏的游戲（win-wingame）。故選D項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】考查動(dòng)名詞詞義辨析。句意：與他人合作并尋求幫助并不會(huì)使我的貢獻(xiàn)變得不重要；這意味著我們都能成功。A.offering奉獻(xiàn)；B.praising贊揚(yáng)；C.seeking尋求；D.refusing拒絕。根據(jù)上文“…andthatvulnerabilityandcollaborationcanbemore____18____thancompetition.Infact,itcanbea____19____,insteadofonewhereonesidegainswhiletheothersideloses.”可知，作者認(rèn)為，示弱和合作可能比競爭更強(qiáng)大，這是一場雙贏的游戲，而不是一方贏另一方輸，作者強(qiáng)調(diào)合作的重要性，而不是競爭，因此，此處指與他人合作并尋求（seeking）幫助。故選C項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)單詞拼寫（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）41.Manyelderlypeoplearenotfamiliarwiththet________(趨勢)ofmodernlifestylenow.（根據(jù)中英文提示填空）【答案】trend##rend【解析】【詳解】考查名詞。句意：許多老年人不熟悉現(xiàn)代生活方式的趨勢。由首字母提示t可知“趨勢”是trend，由“ofmodernlifestyle”可知，此處是一種趨勢，因此空格處用單數(shù)，故填trend。42.Therewillbeaprizeforthemosti______(創(chuàng)新的)design.(根據(jù)漢語提示單詞拼寫)【答案】innovative【解析】【詳解】考查形容詞。句意：將會(huì)有一個(gè)最具創(chuàng)新的設(shè)計(jì)獎(jiǎng)。design為名詞，用形容詞修飾，“創(chuàng)新的”譯為innovative，且符合句意，故填innovative。43.Thecaptainoftheship,theBeagle,wantedsomeonewhowouldprofitbytheopportunityofvisitingd________(遙遠(yuǎn)的)countriesyetlittleknown.（根據(jù)中英文提示填空）【答案】distant##istant【解析】【詳解】考查形容詞。句意：“小獵犬號”的船長想找一個(gè)能從這次訪問一些鮮為人知的遙遠(yuǎn)國家的機(jī)會(huì)中獲益的人。根據(jù)句意和中英文提示可知，應(yīng)填入形容詞distant作定語，修飾名詞countries。故填distant。44.Mostsurprisinglyofall,plantshaveanamazingsystemofcommunicationthatcanl________(聯(lián)系)nearlyeveryplantinaforest.（根據(jù)中英文提示填空）【答案】link【解析】【詳解】考查動(dòng)詞。句意：最令人驚訝的是，植物有一個(gè)驚人的交流系統(tǒng)，幾乎可以連接森林中的每一種植物。該句是復(fù)合句，含that引導(dǎo)的定語從句，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后跟動(dòng)詞原形，表示“聯(lián)系”用link，再結(jié)合首字母，可知link符合題意。故答案為link。45.TheWestLakeisfamousforitss________(風(fēng)景).（根據(jù)中英文提示填空）【答案】scenery##cenery【解析】【詳解】考查名詞作賓語。句意：西湖以風(fēng)景聞名。表示“風(fēng)景”用名詞scenery，再結(jié)合首字母，可知名詞scen