2/2懷柔區(qū)2021—2022學(xué)年度第一學(xué)期高一質(zhì)量檢測(cè)英語(yǔ)注意事項(xiàng)：1.本試卷共10頁(yè)，分為三部分。考試時(shí)間90分鐘，試卷滿分100分。2.考生務(wù)必將答案答在答題卡上，在試卷上作答無(wú)效。3.答題前考生務(wù)必將答題卡上的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)用黑色字跡的簽字筆填寫。4.答題卡上選擇題必須用2B鉛筆作答，將選中項(xiàng)涂滿涂黑，黑度以蓋住框內(nèi)字母為準(zhǔn)，修改時(shí)用橡皮擦除干凈。非選擇題必須用黑色字跡的簽字筆按照題號(hào)順序在各題目的答題區(qū)域內(nèi)作答，未在對(duì)應(yīng)的答題區(qū)域內(nèi)作答或超出答題區(qū)域作答的均不得分。5.考試結(jié)束后，考生應(yīng)將試卷和答題卡放在桌面上，待監(jiān)考員收回。第一部分：知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，30分）第一節(jié)完形填空（共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分）閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。WhenIlookbackatthefirsthalfoftheyear,IamamazedbyhowmanychallengesIhavebeenthrough.Butthebiggestonewasdefinitelymyhighschoolgraduation___1___.WhenIfirstarrivedintheCzechRepublic(捷克)fouryearsago,Iwasjustanormalexchange___2___whospokeonlyEnglish.Thenattheendoftheyear-longexchangeprogram,Icameupwiththeideaof___3___myhighschoolstudiesthere.Atthattime,Iwasonlysixteenanddelightedbymynewfuture.ButIdidn’trealizethe___4___ofcompletingschoolintheCzechlanguage,whichisconsideredtobeoneofthemostpopular___5___intheworld.AsIlacked(缺少)___6___ofcertainsubjects,IreceivedtheworstmarksandpeoplearounddoubtedwhetherIcouldgraduate.However,Ipracticedallthetime.Gradually,Icouldcommunicatewithothersfluentlyandmy___7___grew.Thefinalexamdaycame.Thinkingabouteveryonewhohadhelpedandsupportedmealongmyjourney,Ifelt___8___andconfident.InMay,IreceivednoticethatIhad___9___theexam.Atmygraduationceremony,myCzechteachersaidveryproudlyinfrontofeveryone.“Onestudent,sheisfromChinawithonlythreeyearsoflearningCzech,she____10____.”Myjourneythroughhighschoolwasfinallyfinished.Thoughthejourneyofuniversityisjustabouttobegin,IthinkIamready.1.A.speech B.exam C.present D.custom2.A.teacher B.expert C.engineer D.student3.A.finishing B.canceling C.examining D.preparing4.A.value B.ability C.challenge D.benefit5.A.places B.music C.songs D.languages6.A.knowledge B.letter C.luck D.magazine7.A.money B.fear C.confidence D.worry8.A.sad B.troubled C.terrible D.encouraged9.A.passed B.failed C.avoided D.missed10.A.gotaway B.brokedown C.madeit D.calmeddown【答案】1.B2.D3.A4.C5.D6.A7.C8.D9.A10.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇記敘文。文章介紹了作者在捷克努力學(xué)習(xí)，最終通過(guò)考試的故事?！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：但最大的一次考試肯定是我的高中畢業(yè)考試。A.speech演講；B.exam考試；C.present禮物；D.custom習(xí)俗。根據(jù)上文“IamamazedbyhowmanychallengesIhavebeenthrough”和下文“InMay,IreceivednoticethatIhad___9___theexam.”可知，作者最大的挑戰(zhàn)是畢業(yè)考試。故選B。【2題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：四年前，當(dāng)我第一次來(lái)到捷克共和國(guó)時(shí)，我只是一個(gè)只會(huì)說(shuō)英語(yǔ)的普通交換生。A.teacher老師；B.expert專家；C.engineer工程師；D.student學(xué)生。根據(jù)“Icameupwiththeideaof___3___myhighschoolstudiesthere.”可知，作者是個(gè)學(xué)生。故選D?！?題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：在為期一年的交換項(xiàng)目結(jié)束時(shí)，我萌生了在那里完成高中學(xué)業(yè)的想法。A.finishing完成；B.canceling取消；C.examining檢查；D.preparing準(zhǔn)備。根據(jù)下文“ButIdidn’trealizethe___4___ofcompletingschoolintheCzechlanguage”可知，作者想要在那里完成高中學(xué)業(yè)。故選A?！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：但我沒有意識(shí)到用捷克語(yǔ)完成學(xué)業(yè)的挑戰(zhàn)，捷克語(yǔ)被認(rèn)為是世界上最流行的語(yǔ)言之一。A.value價(jià)值；B.ability能力；C.challenge挑戰(zhàn)；D.benefit益處。根據(jù)上文“IamamazedbyhowmanychallengesIhavebeenthrough.”可知，此處是信息詞challenge的詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)。故選C。【5題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意同上。A.places地點(diǎn)；B.music音樂(lè)；C.songs歌曲；D.languages語(yǔ)言。which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，指代Czechlanguage，此處表示捷克語(yǔ)被認(rèn)為是世界上最流行的語(yǔ)言之一。故選D?！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：由于我缺乏某些學(xué)科的知識(shí)，我得到了最差的分?jǐn)?shù)，周圍的人懷疑我是否能畢業(yè)。A.knowledge知識(shí)；B.letter信；C.luck運(yùn)氣；D.magazine雜志。根據(jù)下文“IreceivedtheworstmarksandpeoplearounddoubtedwhetherIcouldgraduate.”可知，作者由于缺乏某些學(xué)科知識(shí)，導(dǎo)致成績(jī)差，不知能否畢業(yè)。故選A。【7題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：漸漸地，我可以流利地與人交流，我的信心也增加了。A.money錢；B.fear害怕；C.confidence自信；D.worry擔(dān)心。根據(jù)上文“However,Ipracticedallthetime.”和下文“Gradually,Icouldcommunicatewithothersfluently”可知，作者的自信心加強(qiáng)了。故選C?！?題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：想到一路上幫助和支持我的每一個(gè)人，我感到鼓舞和自信。A.sad難過(guò)的；B.troubled麻煩的；C.terrible可怕的；D.encouraged感到鼓舞的。根據(jù)“Thinkingabouteveryonewhohadhelpedandsupportedmealongmyjourney”可知，作者受到許多支持者、幫助者的鼓舞。故選D?！?題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：在五月，我收到通知，我已經(jīng)通過(guò)了考試。A.passed通過(guò)；B.failed失?。籆.avoided避免；D.missed錯(cuò)過(guò)，思念。根據(jù)下文“Atmygraduationceremony,myCzechteachersaidveryproudlyinfrontofeveryone.”可知，作者收到考試通過(guò)的通知。故選A?！?0題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：“有一個(gè)學(xué)生，她來(lái)自中國(guó)，只學(xué)了三年捷克語(yǔ)，她成功了?！盇.gotaway離開；B.brokedown分解，出故障；C.madeit獲得成功；D.calmeddown冷靜。根據(jù)“InMay,IreceivednoticethatIhad___9___theexam.”可知，作者最終通過(guò)了考試，獲得了成功。故選C。第二節(jié)語(yǔ)法填空（共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分）A閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~。在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。Myhusbandwaslooking___11___ourtwolittlenieces.Theystartedcryingwhenmyhusbandcookedlunch.Heranintotheroomand___12___(see)asmallscorpion(蝎子),somyhusbandpickeditup.Theoldergirlsaid,"Girlscan'tdealwithit."Myhusbandtoldher,"youneverhavetobeafraidofsomethingonlybecauseyou’reagin.Youareassmartandstrongasanyboy.”Heheldthescorpion'stailwithhis___13___(finger).Thegirlaskedtoholdit.Somyhusbandputitonherhandswhileheheldthetail.Shewassoproudof___14___(her)thatshetalkedaboutituntilshewenttosleep.【答案】11.after12.saw13.fingers14.herself【解析】【分析】這是一篇記敘文。本文主要講的是“我”丈夫在照看兩個(gè)小侄女時(shí)，因?yàn)橐恢恍⌒觾蓚€(gè)女孩哭叫起來(lái)，在丈夫的鼓勵(lì)下，大侄女勇敢地嘗試拿一下這只蝎子，她為自己感到驕傲，一直談?wù)摰剿X?！?1題詳解】考查固定短語(yǔ)。句意：我丈夫正在照顧我們的兩個(gè)小侄女。根據(jù)后文，我的丈夫跑進(jìn)屋內(nèi)查看發(fā)生了什么事情，可知丈夫是在照顧兩個(gè)小侄女。lookafter照顧，是固定短語(yǔ)，故填after。12題詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：他跑進(jìn)房間，看見一只小蝎子，所以我丈夫把它撿了起來(lái)。see和raninto是并列的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，因此應(yīng)該使用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，故填saw?！?3題詳解】考查名詞的數(shù)。句意：他用手指握住蝎子的尾巴。根據(jù)常識(shí)判斷，丈夫用手握住蝎子的尾巴，應(yīng)該是使用不止一只手指，因此finger要使用復(fù)數(shù)形式，故填fingers。【14題詳解】考查反身代詞。句意：她為自己感到自豪，一直談?wù)摰剿X。侄女對(duì)“自己”感到很自豪，因此使用反身代詞，故填herself。B閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~。在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。Yogamakesyoufeel___15___(relax)andyoufeelall“atone"withyourbody.SmithFarmisnowofferingpeoplethechance___16___(do)theirdailyyogawithgoats.Infact,thegoatsdon'tactuallytakepartintheyoga.Theyaremoreformoralsupport(精神支持),preventingyoufromgettingbred."Itisawonderfulexperience,”saysSmith,“Itmaysoundsillybutit'strulygettingoutsideinnaturewithbeautifulsceneryandlovelyanimalsaroundyou.Animalscan___17___(real)helphumansdealwithstress,illnessorsadness.”【答案】15.relaxed16.todo17.really【解析】【分析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。本文主要講的是每天與山羊一起做瑜伽，實(shí)際上是讓你在自然環(huán)境中到處走走，欣賞周圍美麗的風(fēng)景和可愛的動(dòng)物，以幫助人類應(yīng)對(duì)壓力，疾病或悲傷?！?5題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：瑜伽會(huì)讓你感覺到放松。feel是聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞，后面應(yīng)該接形容詞作表語(yǔ)，relax（放松）是動(dòng)詞，它的形容詞是relaxed（放松的），故填relaxed?！?6題詳解】考查不定式。句意：這個(gè)農(nóng)場(chǎng)現(xiàn)在提供人們和山羊一起做瑜伽的機(jī)會(huì)。chance（機(jī)會(huì)）后面用不定式短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)，chancetodo表示“做某事的機(jī)會(huì)”，故填todo?！?7題詳解】考查副詞。句意：動(dòng)物真正地可以幫助人類處理壓力、疾病或者是悲傷的情感。此處應(yīng)該使用副詞修飾動(dòng)詞help作狀語(yǔ)，real（真的）是形容詞，它的副詞是really，故填really。C閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~。在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。Itiseasyandverypowerfultobekindtothosewhoarekindtoyou.Yet,toexperiencethefullpowerofyoursincerekindness,offerittopeople___18___arecarelessandrudetoyou.Sure,itisdifficulttoforgivethosewhoarehurtfulloyou.Butthewaytostopthehurtisbyrefusingtoparticipateinit.Forgivenessgivesyoutheupperhand.Betheonewhoisstrong,who___19___(stop)therudeness.Putthepowerofkindness___20___forgivenesstoworkforyouandyourworld.【答案】18.who/that19.stops20.and【解析】【分析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。本文主要講的是友善的力量，發(fā)揮善意的力量為每個(gè)人服務(wù)?！?8題詳解】考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：但是，要體驗(yàn)?zāi)阏嬲\(chéng)的善意的全部力量，請(qǐng)將善意提供給對(duì)你粗心和無(wú)禮的人。people是定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞，此處應(yīng)該填入關(guān)系代詞代替people在從句中作主語(yǔ)，故填who或that?！?9題詳解】考查主謂一致。句意：做一個(gè)堅(jiān)強(qiáng)，阻止粗魯?shù)娜?。根?jù)第一個(gè)who引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，可知第二個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句中的時(shí)態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，并且who指代先行詞theone在從句中作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)為單數(shù)，故填stops?！?0題詳解】考查連詞。句意：用善良和寬恕的力量為你服務(wù)。kindness（善良）和forgiveness（原諒）是并列的兩個(gè)名詞，故填and。第二部分：閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，38分）第一節(jié)（共14小題；每小題2分，共28分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。AEcoCentralThiswebsiteisallaboutlookingaftertheEarth.Therearefactsaboutdifferentanimals,aswellasinformationaboutforests,desertsandoceans.Youcanuploadyourownvideosontothesiteforeveryonetosee.TeenPressThisisoneofthebestsitesonthewebforteenagerswholovewriting.Youcanshareyourworkwithothers,andtherearemessageboardswhereyoucanchataboutthingsthatareimportanttoyou.ChannelTwentyOnthissiteyoucanwatchadailynewsprogramandsearchforinformationaboutbignewsstories.Therearealsovideosondifferentsubjects,articlesaboutfamousbands,gamesandcompetitions.Inside-the-coverFindingoutaboutyourfavoritewritersiseasyonthissite.Therearelotsofinterestingarticlesandinformationaboutthelatestbooks.Youcanreadblogsbywell-knownwritersandpostquestionstothem.Andyouarelikelytogetrepliesfromthem.Tune-inTherearemillionsofsongsonthiswebsiteforyoutodownloadorlistentoonline.Youcansaveyourfavoritesongsinyourownlist.Ifyou’reinaband,youcanrecordyourmusicanduploadit.Thewebsiteislarge,butthemenusareeasytouse.ScienceZoneThere’slotsofinformationonthissiteaboutmaths,chemistryandbiology.Youcanvisitsomeoftheworld’smostfamousmuseums,orwatchwildlifeviawebcams.Therearealsosomeverycoolgames,suchasSavethePlanet.21.TeenPressisawebsiteforteenagerswho_____.A.enjoywriting B.careabouttheEarthC.likewatchingthenews D.areinterestedinmusic22.OnTune-in,youcan_____.A.takewritingclasses B.listentosongsC.learnaboutthelatestbooks D.watchnewsprograms23.Ifyoulikevisitingonlinemuseums,whichwebsiteisbestforyou?A.EcoCentral. B.ChannelTwenty.C.Tune-in. D.ScienceZone.24.Theauthorwritesthepassageto_____.A.introducewebsitestoteenagersB.teachteenagerstodesign(設(shè)計(jì))websitesC.encourageteenagerstocreatewebsitesD.compare(比較)differentwebsitesforteenagers【答案】21.A22.B23.D24.A【解析】【分析】本文是應(yīng)用文，文章介紹了六個(gè)不同類型的網(wǎng)站。【21題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)TeenPress網(wǎng)站的介紹“Thisisoneofthebestsitesonthewebforteenagerswholovewriting.”可知，該網(wǎng)站是面對(duì)喜歡寫作的青少年的。故選A項(xiàng)。【22題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Tune-in網(wǎng)站的介紹“Therearemillionsofsongsonthiswebsiteforyoutodownloadorlistentoonline.”可知，你可以在該網(wǎng)站上下載或在線收聽歌曲。故選B項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)ScienceZone網(wǎng)站的介紹“Youcanvisitsomeoftheworld’smostfamousmuseums,orwatchwildlifeviawebcams.”可知，如果想?yún)⒂^一些世界上最著名的博物館，可以瀏覽ScienceZone網(wǎng)站。故選D項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。通讀全文可知，作者向青少年介紹了六個(gè)網(wǎng)站的內(nèi)容，所以作者寫這篇文章是為了向青少年介紹網(wǎng)站。故選A項(xiàng)。BEveryyear,1.5millionkidsaroundtheworlddieasaresultofnotgettingvaccines(疫苗).Thisispartlybecausetransporting(運(yùn)送)andstoringmedicinescanbeahugechallengeinsomecountries.AnurudhGanesan,17,knowsthisfirsthand.WhenhewasababyinIndia,hisgrandparentscarriedhim10milestoahealthclinicinaremotevillagetoreceiveavaccine.Butbythetimetheyarrived,thevaccineswerenolongerusablebecausetheyhadbeenoverheated.Vaccines,Anurudhlaterlearned,mustbekeptcooltostayeffective.Butrefrigerating(冷藏)themrequireselectricity(電)orice—valuablethingsthatmanydevelopingcountrieslack(缺少).AlthoughAnurudhreceivedthevaccineheneededintheend,hisexperienceasababyandthesadrealitythatsomanyotherchildrenaren’tasluckymotivated(激發(fā))himtotakeaction.ThehighschoolstudentinventedVaxxwagon,aportable(輕便)vaccine-carryingdevice(裝置)thatproducesitsownpowertokeeplifesavingmedicinescoolasthey’redeliveredtoremoteareasaroundtheworld.AnurudhfirstgothisideaforVaxxwagonin2014.Hereadseveraltextbookstolearneverythinghecouldaboutrefrigeration,andthenhedidresearchonlinetolearnmoreaboutvaccines.Ratherthandependingonelectricityorice,Anurudhworkedoutawaytousewheelstopowerarefrigerationsystemforabouteighthours.Theentirerechargeable(可再充電的)coolingsystemcanbepulledtoareasinneedofvaccinesbyabicycle,acar,orananimal.Eventually,AnurudhtookhisdesigntoprofessorsatJohnsHopkinsUniversityforadvice.NotonlydidtheythinkVaxxwagoncouldwork,buttheyofferedhimfundingtohelpbuildit.Anurudhwasrewardedwiththe2015GoogleScienceFairLEGOEducationBuilderAwardforhisinvention.AnurudhsayshisfinalgoalistostartsellingVaxxwagontorelieforganizations,soitcanbeusedtohelppeoplearoundtheworld.Anurudh,whoplanstopursueengineeringdegreeincollege,says,“Don’tgiveuponyourideas.Butalwaystrytohelpotherswithyourprojects.That’sthepointofengineering—tohelppeople.”25.Whydomanychildrendieeveryyear?A.Theylackexcellentmedicalteams. B.Theycannotaffordusablemedicines.C.Theydon’thaveanelectricitysystem. D.Theyhavenochancetogetusablevaccines.26.WhatisspecialaboutVaxxwagon?A.Itisadevicewithcoolingsystem. B.Itcanproducesafevaccines.C.Itcanfinddeadlydiseases. D.Itcanbeameansoftransport.27.WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeAnurudh?A.Caringandcreative(有創(chuàng)造力). B.Cleverbutlazy.C.Determinedandindependent. D.Honestandhard—working.28.Whatcanwelearnfromthestory?A.Practicemakesperfect.B.AllroadsleadtoRome.C.Motivation(動(dòng)力)isthemotherofsuccess.D.Allthingsaredifficultbeforetheyareeasy.【答案】25.D26.A27.A28.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了AnurudhGanesan因?yàn)橄胍獛椭⒆觽兌寄塬@得疫苗，避免死亡，發(fā)明了Vaxxwagon，可以將疫苗運(yùn)送到更遠(yuǎn)的地方?！?5題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Everyyear,1.5millionkidsaroundtheworlddieasaresultofnotgettingvaccines(疫苗).Thisispartlybecausetransporting(運(yùn)送)andstoringmedicinescanbeahugechallengeinsomecountries.(每年，全世界有150萬(wàn)兒童因?yàn)闆]有接種疫苗而死亡。這在一定程度上是因?yàn)檫\(yùn)輸和儲(chǔ)存藥物在一些國(guó)家可能是一個(gè)巨大的挑戰(zhàn)。)”和第二段“Butbythetimetheyarrived,thevaccineswerenolongerusablebecausetheyhadbeenoverheated.(但是當(dāng)他們到達(dá)的時(shí)候，疫苗已經(jīng)不能再使用了，因?yàn)樗鼈円呀?jīng)過(guò)熱了。)”可知，每年都有許多兒童因?yàn)榈貌坏接行У囊呙缍劳?。故選D。【26題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段“ThehighschoolstudentinventedVaxxwagon,aportable(輕便的)vaccine-carryingdevice(裝置)thatproducesitsownpowertokeeplifesavingmedicinescoolasthey’redeliveredtoremoteareasaroundtheworld.(這名高中生發(fā)明了一種攜帶疫苗的便攜式裝置——Vaxxwagon。當(dāng)救命的藥物被送到世界各地的偏遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)時(shí)，這種裝置可以自己產(chǎn)生能量，保持藥物的低溫。)”可知，Vaxxwagon的特殊之處在于它是一個(gè)帶有冷卻系統(tǒng)的裝置，將救生藥物運(yùn)送到世界各地的偏遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)。故選A。【27題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段“AlthoughAnurudhreceivedthevaccineheneededintheend,hisexperienceasababyandthesadrealitythatsomanyotherchildrenaren’tasluckymotivated(激發(fā))himtotakeaction.ThehighschoolstudentinventedVaxxwagon,aportable(輕便的)vaccine-carryingdevice(裝置)thatproducesitsownpowertokeeplifesavingmedicinescoolasthey’redeliveredtoremoteareasaroundtheworld.(雖然Anurudh最終接受了他所需要的疫苗，但他在嬰兒時(shí)期的經(jīng)歷，以及其他許多孩子都沒有這么幸運(yùn)的悲慘現(xiàn)實(shí)，促使他采取行動(dòng)。這名高中生發(fā)明了一種攜帶疫苗的便攜式裝置——Vaxxwagon。當(dāng)救命的藥物被送到世界各地的偏遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)時(shí)，這種裝置可以自己產(chǎn)生能量，保持藥物的低溫。)”根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“AnurudhsayshisfinalgoalistostartsellingVaxxwagontorelieforganizations,soitcanbeusedtohelppeoplearoundtheworld.”（阿努魯?shù)抡f(shuō)，他的最終目標(biāo)是開始向救援組織出售Vaxxwagon，這樣它就可以用來(lái)幫助世界各地的人們。）可知，17歲的印度男孩Anurudh為拯救更多的人，發(fā)明了一種攜帶疫苗的便攜式裝置Vaxxwagon，這種裝置可以自己產(chǎn)生能量，在將救生藥物運(yùn)送到世界各地的偏遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)時(shí)，使其保持涼爽。由此可知，Anurudh是一個(gè)關(guān)心他人并且有創(chuàng)造力的人。故選A?！?8題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段“AlthoughAnurudhreceivedthevaccineheneededintheend,hisexperienceasababyandthesadrealitythatsomanyotherchildrenaren’tasluckymotivated(激發(fā))himtotakeaction.(雖然Anurudh最終接受了他所需要的疫苗，但他在嬰兒時(shí)期的經(jīng)歷，以及其他許多孩子都沒有這么幸運(yùn)的悲慘現(xiàn)實(shí)，促使他采取行動(dòng)。)”以及他最終發(fā)明了Vaxxwagon這個(gè)裝置可知，動(dòng)機(jī)是成功之母。故選C。CHowtoMakeFriends,AccordingtoScienceFriendshipisoneoflife’smostimportantfeatures,andonetoooftentakenforgranted.Thehumanwishforcompanionship(交往)maybenoend,butresearchsuggeststhatoursocialcapital(資本)isfinite(有限的)—wecanonlyhandleacertainnumberofrelationshipsatonetime.Socialscientistshaveusedsomecreativeapproachestomeasurethesizeofpeople’ssocialnetworks;thesehavereturnedestimates(估計(jì))rangingfromabout250toabout5,500people.Lookingmorespecificallyatfriendship,astudyusingtheexchangeofChristmascardstotestclosenessputtheaverageperson’sfriendgroupatabout121people.Howeverlargeournetworksmaybe,ourinnercircletendstobemuchsmaller.TheaverageAmericantrustsonly10to20people.Moreover,thatnumbermaybecomesmaller:From1998to2017,theaverage(平均的)numberoftrustedfriendsdecreased(減少)fromthreetotwo.Thisisbothsadandofimportantresult,becausepeoplewhohavestrongsocialrelationshipstendtolivelongerthanthosewhodon’t.Sowhatshouldyoudoifyoursociallifeislacking?Heretheresearchisinstructive.Tobeginwith,don’trefusetoconsidertheordinaryacquaintance(交情).Eveninteractingwithpeoplewithwhomonehasweaksocialtieshasameaningfulinfluenceonwell—being.Beyondthat,buildingdeeperfriendshipsmaybelargelyamatterofputtingintime.ArecentstudyoutoftheUniversityofKansasfoundthatittakesabout50hoursofsocializingtogofromacquaintancetocasualfriend,anadditional40hourstobecomea“real”friend,andatotalof200hourstobecomeaclosefriend.Ifthatsoundsliketoomucheffort,renewinginactivesocialtiescanbeespeciallyrewarding.Reconnectedfriendscanquicklygetbackthetrusttheybuiltbefore,whileofferingeachotheradashofnovelty(新奇)drawnfromwhateverthey’vebeenuptointhemeantime.Andifallelsefails,youcouldstartrandomlytotellsecretstopeopleyoudon’tknowthatwell.Self-disclosure(自我表露)makesusmorelikable,andasabonus,wearemorelikelytofavorthosetowhomwehaverevealedoursoul.Longingforclosenessandconnectioniscommonandeverywhere,whichsuggeststhatmostofusarestumbling(跌跌撞撞)throughtheworld,expectingcompanionshipthatcouldbeeasilyprovidedbythelonesomestumblersallaroundus.Sosetasidethisarticle,turntosomeonenearby,andtrytomakeafriend.29.FromParagraph2,wecanknowthat______.A.astrongsocialrelationshipmeansalonglifeB.realfriendshipsarebasedontheexchangeofpresentsC.people’sinnercirclebecomessmallerD.people’ssocialnetworksdependontheirwishforcompanionship30.Whatdoestheauthorsuggesttoimproveone’ssociallife?A.Sharingsecretswithclosefriends. B.Choosinglikablepeopleasfriends.C.Avoidingtheordinaryacquaintance. D.Spendingtimefordeeperfriendships.31Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Thetipsonhowtodevelopfriendship.B.Thereasonsforseekingcompanionship.C.Thebenefitsbroughtbyagoodsociallife.D.Therelationshipbetweenfriendshipandhappiness.【答案】29.C30.D31.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，主要講的是如何根據(jù)科學(xué)交朋友?！?9題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的“Howeverlargeournetworksmaybe,ourinnercircletendstobemuchsmaller.（無(wú)論我們的人際網(wǎng)絡(luò)有多大，我們的核心圈子往往要小得多。）”可知，從第2段，我們可以知道人們的核心圈子變小了，故選C?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段的“Beyondthat,buildingdeeperfriendshipsmaybelargelyamatterofputtingintime.（除此之外，建立更深厚的友誼在很大程度上可能需要投入時(shí)間。）”可知，作者建議通過(guò)花時(shí)間和人建立更深厚的友誼來(lái)改善一個(gè)人的社交生活，故選D。【31題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是題目“HowtoMakeFriends,AccordingtoScience（如何根據(jù)科學(xué)交朋友）”和第三段的“Sowhatshouldyoudoifyoursociallifeislacking?Heretheresearchisinstructive.（那么，如果缺乏社交生活，你該怎么辦？這里的研究很有啟發(fā)性。）”可知，本文主要講的是如何結(jié)交朋友，因此是關(guān)于關(guān)于如何發(fā)展友誼的建議，即Thetipsonhowtodevelopfriendship，故選A。DEachyearthereisanincreasingnumberofcarsonroadsandstreetsasmillionsofnewcarsandtrucksareproduced.OneoutofeverysixAmericansworksatputtingtogetherthepartsofcars,drivingtrucks,buildingroadsorfillingcarsandtruckswithgas.Americanswon’tlivewithoutcars!MostAmericanswouldfindithardtothinkwhatlifewouldlooklikewithoutcars.However,somehaverealizedtheseriousproblemsoftheairpollutionthatiscausedbythecar.Thepollutedairbecomespoisonousanddangeroustohealth.Onewaytogetridofthepollutedairistobuildacarthatdoesnotpollute.That’swhatseveralofthelargecarfactorieshavebeentryingtodo.Buttobuildacleancariseasiersaidthandone.Progressinthisfieldhasbeenslow.Anotherwayistotaketheplaceofthecarenginebysomethingelse.Inventorsarenowworkingonsteamcarsaswellaselectriccars.Manymakersbelievethatitwilltakeyearstodevelopapracticalmodelthatpleasesman.Topreventtheworldfrombeingpollutedbycars,we’llhavetomakesomechangesinthewaymanyofuslive.Americans,forexample,areencouragedtotravelandgotoworkbybicycle.Bicyclingisthoughttohelpkeeptheairclean.Butthischangedoesnotcomeeasily.Alargenumberofworkersmayfindthemselveswithoutjobsifacarfactoryclosesdown.Thustheproblemofairpollutionwouldbecomelessimportantthanthatofunemployment.Althoughcarshaveledustoabetterlife,theyhavealsobroughtusnewproblems.32.Howmanywaystogetridofairpollutionaresuggestedinthisarticle?A.Four. B.Three.C.Two. D.One.33.Ifthenumberofcarsiscutdown,themostseriousproblemtoAmericanworkersis______.Atohavenoworktodo B.tokeeptheaircleanC.togetabetterlife D.togotoworkbybike34.Whatistheconclusion(結(jié)論)ofthewriter?A.Bicyclingistheonlywayout.B.Thenumberofcarsmustbecutdown.C.Carsbringusnothingbutseriousproblems.D.Carsbringusnotonlyabetterlifebutseriousproblems.【答案】32.B33.A34.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了汽車會(huì)產(chǎn)生空氣污染，和幾個(gè)解決空氣污染的方法?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Onewaytogetridofthepollutedairistobuildacarthatdoesnotpollute.(解決空氣污染的一個(gè)辦法是制造一輛不污染空氣的汽車)”、文章第四段“Anotherwayistotaketheplaceofthecarenginebysomethingelse.(另一種方法是用別的東西代替汽車引擎)”以及文章第五段“Topreventtheworldfrombeingpollutedbycars,we’llhavetomakesomechangesinthewaymanyofuslive.(為了防止世界被汽車污染，我們必須在許多人的生活方式上做出一些改變)”可知，文章提到了“設(shè)計(jì)一輛新車”、“用其他東西代替汽車發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)”以及“改變我們?cè)S多人的生活方式”這三種擺脫空氣污染的方法。故選B?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Alargenumberofworkersmayfindthemselveswithoutjobsifacarfactoryclosesdown.(如果汽車廠倒閉，大量工人可能會(huì)失業(yè))”可知，如果汽車的數(shù)量減少，對(duì)美國(guó)工人來(lái)說(shuō)最嚴(yán)重的問(wèn)題就是沒有工作可做。故選A?！?4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Althoughcarshaveledustoabetterlife,theyhavealsobroughtusnewproblems.(盡管汽車讓我們的生活更美好，但它們也給我們帶來(lái)了新的問(wèn)題)”可知，作者得出的結(jié)論是汽車不僅給我們帶來(lái)了更好的生活，也帶來(lái)了嚴(yán)重的問(wèn)題。故選D。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，共10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Howoldis“old”?Howoldis“old”?___35___Morethantwohundredyearsago,youwereoldat35.Thatwastheaveragelifethen.Attheturnofthe20thcentury,asmedicalknowledgeadvanced,theaveragelifespan(長(zhǎng)度)increasedto45.In1950,70-year-oldswerereallyold.Today,ahealthy70-year-oldislookingforwardtomanymoreactiveyears.So,howoldisold?Theanswerisoneyou’veheardmanytimes,fromallsortsofpeople.“Youareasoldoryoungasyoufeel!”Thecalendar(日歷)simplytellsyouhowmanyyearsyouhavelived.___36___Onceanunknownauthorwrote,“Youthisnotatimeoflifebutitisastateofmind.Nobodygrowsoldbylivinganumberofyears.___37___”___38___AliceBrophy,whenshewaswiththeNewYorkCitycommissionfortheAging,said,“Itupsetsmewhenpeoplesay,‘Gee,youlookyoungforyourage!’Whatdoesthatmean?Istheresomemodelthatyou’resupposedtolookacertainwayat65and75and85?Youknowyoucandieoldat30andliveyoungat80.”Therearemanywrongideasaboutaging.___39___Herearesomeofthemorecommonones.Forexample,mostolderpeopleareinpoorhealth,orolderpeopleareunabletochange.A.Oldisapointofview.B.It’sextremelyterribletobegrownold.C.Theanswerhaschangedovertheyears.D.Yourbodytellsyouhowwellyou’velived.E.Olderpeoplearestubborn,unabletochange.F.Peoplegrowoldbygivinguptheirgoals.G.Theseideasstereotype(固化)peopleonthebasisofage.【答案】35.C36.D37.F38.A39.G【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇議論文，主要論述的是到底多少歲算老，其實(shí)這和心態(tài)有關(guān)?！?5題詳解】空格前的“Howoldis“old”?（“老”是多少歲？）”是一個(gè)問(wèn)題，因此空格處給出回答，C選項(xiàng)“Theanswerhaschangedovertheyears.（多年來(lái)，答案一直在變化。）”中的“Theanswer”和前面的問(wèn)題相承接，因此C選項(xiàng)承接上文，符合語(yǔ)境，故選C?！?6題詳解】空格前說(shuō)““Youareasoldoryoungasyoufeel!”Thecalendar(日歷)simplytellsyouhowmanyyearsyouhavelived.（“你覺得自己年輕還是老，你就有多年輕!”日歷只是告訴你你活了多少年。）”，接下來(lái)應(yīng)說(shuō)到自己是年輕還是老是由除了日歷以外的東西來(lái)告訴你的，D選項(xiàng)“Yourbodytellsyouhowwellyou’velived.（你的身體告訴你你過(guò)得有多好。）”說(shuō)明了身體狀況會(huì)告訴你你是年輕還是老，因此D選項(xiàng)承接上文，符合語(yǔ)境，故選D。【37題詳解】空格前說(shuō)“Nobodygrowsoldbylivinganumberofyears.（沒有人會(huì)因?yàn)榛盍藥啄甓兝?。）”，F(xiàn)選項(xiàng)“Peoplegrowoldbygivinguptheirgoals.（人因放棄目標(biāo)而變老。）”在句式上和前面一致，形成句式上的重復(fù)，且在語(yǔ)義上和上文相互承接，因此F選項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境，故選F。【38題詳解】空格后說(shuō)“AliceBrophy,whenshewaswiththeNewYorkCitycommissionfortheAging,said,“Itupsetsmewhenpeoplesay,‘Gee,youlookyoungforyourage!’（愛麗絲·布羅菲(AliceBrophy)在紐約市老齡化委員會(huì)工作時(shí)表示，“當(dāng)人們說(shuō)，‘哎呀，你看起來(lái)比實(shí)際年齡年輕!）”，這說(shuō)明老只是人們的一種觀點(diǎn)，A選項(xiàng)“Oldisapointofview.（老是一種觀點(diǎn)。）”正好說(shuō)明了這一點(diǎn)，因此A選項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境，故選A?！?9題詳解】空格前說(shuō)“Therearemanywrongideasaboutaging.（關(guān)于衰老有許多錯(cuò)誤的觀點(diǎn)。）”，G選項(xiàng)“Theseideasstereotype(固化)peopleonthebasisofage.（這些觀念因年齡而使人產(chǎn)生成見。）”中的“Theseideas”指代前面的“wrongideas”，因此G選項(xiàng)承接上文，符合語(yǔ)境，故選G。第三部分：書面表達(dá)（共兩節(jié)，32分）第一節(jié)（共4小題，每小題3分，共12分）閱讀下面短文并按要求完成閱讀任務(wù)。請(qǐng)將答案書寫在答題紙相應(yīng)位置。Mostcultureshaveafestivaloflight.Eachculturecelebratesthisfestivalinadifferentway.Thereisonethingthatisthesame,however,andthisisthewishforpeaceandhappinessintheworld.TheJewishFestivalofLightiscalledHanukkah.HanukkahusuallytakesplaceinDecember.ThestoryofwhyHanukkahiscelebratedisveryold.Itistoldthataverylongtimeago,JewishpeoplecalledtheMacabeeswereatwarwithacountrycalledSyria.OnthedaythattheMacabeeswonthewar,theycleaneduptheirholyplace,whichiscalledatemple,becausetheSyrianpeoplehadbeenlivingthere.Theywantedtolighttheirholylampstosaythankyoufortheendofthewar,butfoundonlyaverysmallamountofoilleftovertodothat.TheMacabeeslitthelampsanyway,thinkingthattheywouldsoongoout.Thelampskeptburningforeightdays!TheJewishpeoplecelebrateHanukkaheveryyearbylightingacandlestickthathaseightcandleholders.Everynightanewcandleislitsothatontheeighthnight,alleightcandlesstandtogether.Presentsaregivenatthistimeandmoneyisgiventothepoor.Lanternsareanotherformoflight.InChina,lanternsarefamousworksofart.TheLanternFestivalgoesbackmorethan2,000yearstotheQinDynasty.Ittakesplaceonthe15thdayoftheChineseNewYear,bringingtheNewYearseasontoaclose.Duringthefestival,parksbecomeaseaoflanterns.Sometimesstreetsareblockedoffandlanternsareputdownoneachsidetomakeahallwayoflanterns.Peoplealsohanglanternsintheirgardens,outsidetheirhousesoronboats.Thelanternsaremadeinmanyshapes,sizesandcolours.Theyareusuallymadefromsilk,paperandplastic.Someareevenmadefromice.Itisbelievedthattheselanternswillguidevisitorsandthespiritsofancestorstothecelebrations.TheLanternFestivalisatimeforfamilies,youngandoldtospendtogether.EveryNewYearthewishisthesame—peaceandhappinesstoall.40.What’sthesamewiththefestivalsoflightindifferentcultures?(不超過(guò)11個(gè)單詞)41.WhydotheJewishlightanewcandleeverynightduringthefestival?(不超過(guò)12個(gè)單詞)42.Whatfestivalbringsanendtothenewyearseason?(不超過(guò)5個(gè)單詞)43.Whatisthepurposeofthisarticle?(不超過(guò)8個(gè)單詞)【答案】40.Thewishforpeaceandhappinessintheworld41.Toensurealleightcandlesstandtogetherontheeighthnight42.TheLanternFestival43.Tointroducefestivalsoflightfromtwocultures【解析】【分析】