選擇性必修第二冊

Unit6

Survival

?主題語境：人與自然（生存）

自主學習［夯實基礎

Part1單元詞匯...................分類自測

14.flourishinadampclimate在

潮濕的氣候下生長茂盛

15.eliminatetherisk消除風險

l.afirstaidkit一套

16.theflavourofthegarlic大蒜

急救用品

的味道

2.thetreetrunk樹干

17.attendamonthlymeeting參

3.lookabsolutelystunning看上

加每月一次的會議

去極具吸引力

18.theatmosphereofMars火星

4.astronauttraining宇航員訓練

的大氣環(huán)境

5.aspacecapsule一個太空艙

閱讀19.getridofnuclearwaste處理

6.orbittheplanet環(huán)繞行星運行

詞匯核廢料

7.awearyhiker一個疲憊的徒步

20.hostileenvironment惡劣的

旅行者

語境環(huán)境

8.sendunmannedspacecraft發(fā)

識意21.workasafirefighter作為一

射無人駕駛宇宙飛船

名消防隊員

9.bemadeofday用黏土制成

22.reducefuelconsumption降

lO.themouthofthecave洞口

低燃料消耗

11.liveinthesuburb住在郊區(qū)

23.supplementthefamilyincome

12.urbanareas城鎮(zhèn)地區(qū)

增加家庭收入

13.greetthenewcomer問彳跌新來

24.1ambkebabs烤羊肉串

25.beheldindoors在室內進行

26.fleefromtheblaze從大火中

逃出

拓展第一組：動詞變形12.commitv.犯（錯誤或罪

詞匯1.appreciatev,欣賞；賞識行）fcommitmentH,承諾；奉獻

-^appreciationn.欣賞；感激fcommitted〃力.堅信的；盡心盡力

變形2.containv,包含；容納fcontainer的

拼寫n.容器13.infer0.推定，推斷一（過去式/

3.consistv,組成一consistent砌.始終過去分詞）inferred—（動詞-ing形

如一的；一貫的式）inferring—inferencen?推斷；結

4.restrictv.限制，控制—restriction論

〃.限制，控制第二組：名詞、形容詞變形

5.terrifyv.使恐懼；使驚嚇14.crimen.罪,罪彳亍-criminaln.罪

—terrifyingad/?.極其可怕的,駭人聽犯〃力.犯罪的

聞的fterrified。力.害怕的；恐懼的15.dust72.塵土，沙土fdustyadj.

6.consumev.消耗，消費布滿灰塵的

-^consumptionn.（精力、油、電等16.optimismn.樂觀；樂觀主義f

的）消耗量fconsumern.消費者；顧optimistic〃力.樂觀的;樂觀主義的

客一optimistn.樂觀的人

7.exposev.使暴露（于險第223頁

境）fexposuren.暴露，顯露

—exposeda矽?.無遮蔽的17.advancen.前進;發(fā)展fadvanced

8.stunv.使昏迷；使震驚fstunning。力.高級的；先進的

。力極具吸引力的；令人驚奇的18.agencyn.機構；（尤指政府內的）

fstunned〃的?.目瞪口呆的局，部，處fagentn.代理人，代

9.hikev.遠足fhikern.徒步旅行者，理商

遠足者fhiking1?遠足19.thiefn.小偷，賊fthieves（復

10.reactv.（作出）反應freaction數(shù)）-theftn.偷竊，盜竊

n.反應2O.greedn.貪婪，貪心fgreedyadj.

11.estimatev.估計，估算一estimation貪婪的，貪心的fgreedilyado.貪婪

〃.估計，估算地，貪心地

■掌握規(guī)律?詞匯拓展，

名詞后綴-ist表示“某方面的專家、從事某職業(yè)的人”。

①special特別的；專門的一specialist專家②novel小說一novelist小說家

③art藝術一artist藝術家

④tour旅游一tourist旅行者⑤science科學一scientist科學家⑥cycle騎

車fcyclist騎自行車的人

1.(2024?浙江1月卷)OnSeptember9.Thecakewasreallydelicious,

7,199Lthecostliesthailstorm(雹consisting(consist)oflayersof

暴)inCanadianhistoryhitCalgary'schocolateandcreamfilling.

southernsuburbs(suburb).lO.Thecriminal(crime)wassentenced

2.(2024?新課標II卷)Attheendoftofiveyearsinprisonforhisactions

thedayalltransitagencies(agency)lastyear.

rightnowaredoingeverythingthey11.Determinedtolearntheadvanced

cantoimprovetheriderexperience.technologyabroad,hehasmade

3.(2024?全國甲卷)Whatcanweinferadvancepreparationsandappliedfora

核心(inference)fromparagraph3aboutpassportinadvance.Hebelieveshe

詞匯Krasnoyarsk?willmakegreatadvancesinthisfield

4.(2023?全國甲卷)Whatcanbeandbefarinadvanceofhis

單句inferred(infer)fromthelastclassmates.(advance)

應用paragraph?12.1t!snotrighttobeexposedtotoo

5.(2022?全國乙卷)Verysmalldronesstrongsunlight,forlong-timeexposure

withadvanced(advance)sensorsandtostrongsunlightdoesharmtothe

AIandtravellingaheadofthetrainskin,(expose)

couldguideitlikeaco-pilot.13.Theywereterrifiedattheterrifidng

6.Businessflourished(flourish)andnewsthatallthepassengersonthebus

withinsixmonthstheywereearningwerekilled.(terrify)

$18,000aday.14.Expertsadviseconsumersnotto

7.Theyexpressedcautiousoptimismbuymoregroceriesuntilthey've

(optimistic)aboutasolutiontothealreadybeenconsumed.Thisiscalled

crisis.rationalconsumption,(consume)

8.Thethieves(thief)werecaught15.1wantedtoknowhowthestudents

tryingtostealmoneyfromthebankreactedtomywordsandtheteachefs

inbroaddaylight.reaction,(react)

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Part2短語句式.....................教材精選

I.選擇合適的短語并用其正確形式填空

outofreach,breakout,haveaneffecton,splitup,reactto,searchfor,fightagainst,

bediagnosedwith,fitinwith,inthemeantime,getridof,leavesbalone,bring...under

control,underconstruction,figureout,consistof,wipeout,inspiteof,copewith,

amountto

1.Inspiteofthecourthearingtestimonials(證明)ofherabilityasadoctor,shewasbanned

frommedicine.

2.It'sthebestwaytogetridofyourusedclothes,scoreclothesfromyourfriends,andhavea

partyallatthesametime.

3.Thegovernmentneedstomakemorepoliciestocopewiththeeconomiccrisis.

4.InWesterncountries,restauranttipsmayamounttoasmuchas10%ofyourbill.

5.Someadvertisementsconsistofpicturesorthewordsofexpertstoshowpeoplehowgood

theproductsare.

6.Wearenowenjoyingthecoolairintheroom.Inthemeantime,thefarmersareharvesting

cropsinthehotsun.

7.Towipeouttheresistantforce,theydeclaredthattheyhadputarmsincludingadvanced

tanksandfighterplanesinplace.

8.Productionofthegoodsmustfitinwiththeneedsofthesociety.

9.Ifwecan'tbringourproblemsundercontrol,feelingsofpowerlessnessanddespairoften

arise.

10.Astheboxwasoutofreachontheshelf,thelittleboybroughtachairtostandon.

n.根據(jù)所給漢語和要求完成下面的句子

1.如果不是因為你每天幫助我在線學習英語，我不可能在英語上取得進步。（that引導同

位語從句）

Ifithadn'tbeenforthefactthatyouhelpedmelearnEnglishonliv。everyday,Icouldn'thave

madeprogressinEnglish.

2.無論什么時間，你到了那兒就給我打電話。（“nomatter+疑問詞”引導狀語從句）

Callmewhenyougetthere,nomatterwhatthetim】is.

深度學習

Part1核心詞匯.....................多維練透

□estimate（教材義）0.估計，估算；（補充義）o.判斷，評價加估計；看法，判斷

巧歸納

(l)estimatesth(atsth)估算；估價

(2)beestimatedtobe/have估計是/有

(3)estimatethat估計...

Itisestimatedthat…據(jù)估計...

(4)estimationn.估計；判斷；評價

①Ihadmycarcrashedlastweekendandthecosttorepairitwasestimated(estimate)at$800.

(2)ItisroughlyestimatedthatAmericanIndiansmakeupaboutfivepercentoftheUS

population.

③［應用文寫作之交流］據(jù)估計，英語中80%的談話都是閑話。

Itisestimated/Peopleestimatethat80%ofallconversationinEnglishissmalltalk.

④(2023?新課標I卷)Theexperimentofestimationheconductedshowedthatinsomecases,

theaverageofalargenumberofindependentestimatescouldbequiteaccurate,(estimate)

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Elappreciate（教材義）o.欣賞；賞識；（補充義）。.理解，明白；感謝，感激

巧歸納

（l）appreciate+名詞/代詞/動詞-ing形式

重視/感激……

（2）1wouldappreciateitif...

假如……，我將不勝感激。

（3）appreciate+that/wh-從句

理解/意識到……

（4）appreciationn.欣賞；感激

convey/expressone'sappreciation表達感激

①Weappreciateparticipating（participate）inthisactivity,whichismeanttohelpbuildupour

bodies.

②［應用文寫作之詢問信］如果你告知我活動的相關細節(jié)，我將不勝感激。

Iwouldappreciateitifyoucouldsharewithmesomedetailsabouttheactivity.

③（2024.新課標I卷應用文寫作）為了提升學生的藝術鑒賞力和創(chuàng)造力，美術老師帶我們

班去了附近的公園，讓我們走進了大自然的懷抱。

Toimprovestudents'artisticappreciationandcreativity,ourartteachertookourclasstoa

nearbypark,movingusintotheembraceofnature.

④我有寶貴的機會參加傳統(tǒng)舞蹈表演，讓我親身體會到了文化的魅力。

Ihadthepreciousopportunitytoparticipateinthetraditionaldanceperformance,allowingme

toappreciatethecharmofculturefirsthand.

Hexpose（教材義）o.使暴露（于險境）；（補充義）o.揭露，揭發(fā)；接觸，體驗；露出，

顯露（感情）；使（膠卷）曝光

巧歸納

(l)expose...to...

使……接觸……；使……暴露于……

(be)exposedto...暴露于/接觸...

(2)exposeoneselfto...

使自己面臨……；使自己暴露于……

(3)exposesthtosb向某人揭發(fā)某事

(4)exposuren.暴露；接觸

①(2022?全國乙卷)Theyoftencoveronlytheireyeswiththeirhands,leavingtherestoftheir

bodiesexposed(expose).

②Dorememberthatyoumustavoidexposing(expose)babiestostrongsunlightwhentaking

themout.

③［讀后續(xù)寫之神態(tài)描寫］看到我們走近，她笑逐顏開，露出了漂亮的小白牙。

Seeingusapproaching,shesmiledjoyfully,exposingnicelittlewhiteteeth.

④(2024?新課標I卷應用文寫作)在戶外上美術課給了我一個全新的視角。

Itgavemeabrand-newperspectivetobeexposedtoartlessonoutdoors.

0consistof由...構成，由...組成

巧歸納

(l)consistmainly/largelyof...

主要由……組成

(2)consistin=liein在于；取決于

(3)consistentQ力?.連續(xù)的，一致的

beconsistentwith...

和……一致；與……相符

(4)bemadeupof=becomposedof=becomprisedof由...組成

①Thebreakfast,consisting(consist)ofporridgeandsandwich,smeltextremelydelicious.

②IntheschoolsofancientGreeceandRome,testingusuallyconsistedofsayingpoetryaloud

andgivingspeeches.

③［讀后續(xù)寫之主旨升華句］人生主要由快樂和悲傷組成，而快樂在于奮斗。

Lifemainlyconsistsofhappinessandsorrowwhilehappinessconsistsinstruggle.

④在持續(xù)的努力和決心下，Javon逐漸提高了他的數(shù)學技能，就像他克服了生活中的其他

障礙一樣。

Withconsistenteffortanddetermination,Javongraduallyimprovedhismathskills,justashe

hadovercomeotherobstaclesinhislife.

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Part2經典句式.....................寫作遷移

■句型公式：nomatter+疑問詞“無論……，多么……",引導讓步狀語從句

巧歸納

(1)“nomatter+疑問詞”只引導讓步狀語從句；wherever,whenever,

whatever,whoever,whichever,however既可以引導狀語從句，也可以引導名詞

性從句。

(2)nomatter必須后跟“疑問詞”才可以引導從句，不能單獨使用。

①(2023?新課標I卷)NomatterwhereIbuythem(無論我在哪兒買的它們)，though,one

steamerbasketisrarelyenough,yettwoseemsgreedy,andsoIamalwaysleftwantingmorenext

time.

②［讀后續(xù)寫之人物情感心理描寫］不管他強顏歡笑多少次，潛在的悲傷總是存在，隱藏

在他的靈魂深處。

Nomatterhowmanysmilesheforceduponhisface,theunderlyingsadnesswasalways

present,hiddeninthedepthsofhissoul.

③我意識到，我一直把自己的根埋得太深，抑制了我的成長和潛力，無論我多少次被告

知我在繪畫方面的天賦。

IrealizedthatIhadbeenburyingmyownrootstoodeep,suffocatingmygrowthandpotential,

nomatterhowoftenIwastoldaboutmytalentindrawing.

④不管她多么努力地教這個十幾歲的女孩新概念，她一個字也聽不懂。

Nomatterhowhardshntriedtoteachnewconceptstotheteenagegirl,shewouldnever

understandasingleword.

Part3語境辨義.....................舉一反三

I.熟詞生義（寫出句中加黑詞匯的詞性及漢語意思）

1.（2024?新課標II卷）Asafoodie,thewaytomyheartisthroughmystomach,andnowhere

fuelsmyappetitequitelikeItaly.。.刺激

2.（2022?浙江1月卷）Aboveall,Ihopedhewouldnftassignmetoworkwiththefiercely

competitiveandextremelyseriousfellowwhoalwaysworedarkclothesandapparentlyhada

personalitytomatch.ado.激烈地

3.Buthequicklyfoundthathelovedplayingthisinstrument,andwascommittedtopracticing

itsothatwithinacoupleofmonthshewasplayingreasonablywell.。力.盡心盡力的

4.（2022?新高考I卷）Butwhyarecertainsoundsmorecommonthanothers?〃辦某些

5.Thegroundshouldbeevenandhard,andthereshouldbenounmarkedholesorother

dangers力.平坦的

6.AfterwardshisstorywasmadeintoafilmandwasairedinChina,EuropeandAmerica.^

上映

7.Inanywalkoflife,disappointmentswillgobeforesuccess.幾行業(yè)

8.IfIwereaboyagain,Iwouldschoolmyselfintoahabitofattention;Iwouldletnothing

comebetweenmeandthesubjectinhand。訓I練，養(yǎng)成

II.一詞多義（選出下列單詞在句中的正確釋義）

1.commit

A.。.承諾，保證B.。.犯（罪行或錯誤）

C.。,使……承擔義務D.。.委托，交付

①Thesuspectwasaccusedofcommittingarobbery.B

②Theycommittedtohelpinguswiththeproject.A

第227頁

③Theparentscommittedtheirchildtothecareoftheschool.D

2.fierce

A.〃矽?.兇猛的B.回?.強烈的

C.a矽?.熱情的，熱烈的D.a/劇烈的

①Thefiercelionroaredloudlyinthejungle.A

②Theaudiencerespondedwithfierceapplause.C

(3)Shehadafiercedeterminationtosucceed.B

隨堂鞏固深度拓屈

I.語篇語境綜合練(語境創(chuàng)新——詞匯再練)

Inanurbanenvironment,thechallengetocopel.withsurvivalissignificant.Onecrucial

aspectistostayalerttothepossibilityofcrime.2.Thieves(thief)canstrikewhenyouleastexpectit,

soit'svitaltobeawareofyoursurroundings.

Foodandwater3.consumption(consume)mustbecarefullymonitoredtoensureyoucancope

withlimitedresources.Sometimes,peoplebecome4.greedy(greed),takingmorethantheyneedand

leavingotherswithoutenough.Itsessentialtobringthesesituationsundercontroltomaintain

harmony.

Safeguardingyourselfinsuchconditionsrequires5.advanced(advance)planning.Youmust

alsorestrict6.exposure(expose)todangerousareas.Inanemergency,it'simportanttoknowhow

7.toreact(react)quicklyandefficiently.

Often,youmayneedtogetridofextrapossessionstomakemovementeasier.NASA'sspace

agencyofferslessonsinsurvivalthroughtheirworkinorbit,8.consisting(consist)ofmanaging

limitedresourcesandhandlingemergencies.

9.Toappreciate(appreciate)thesignificanceofplanning,estimatewhatyoumightneedand

carryonlythoseitems.Survivalinthewildorurbanareasdemandsanappropriate

approach.Remember,beingpreparedismore10.thanjustaskill；it'sawayoflife.

n.真題難句拓展練(剖析長句——精準翻譯)

1.(2024?全國甲卷)Theywerepartofa15-memberexploringpartythathadspentalmostfive

awesomeweeksinwitnessofthenaturalbeautiesthere.

［剖析］本句是一個主從復合句。句子主干是主系表結構Theywerepartof...。that引導

定語從句修飾partyo

［翻譯］他們是一個由15名成員組成的探險隊的一部分，該探險隊花了近五個星期的時

間見證了那里的自然美景。

2.(2022?新高考I卷)Anessaynotsubmittedinclassontheduedatewilllosealettergrade

foreachclassperioditislate.

［剖析］本句是一個復合句。主句主干為主謂賓結構Anessaywilllosealettergrade；not

submittedinclassontheduedate為動詞-ed形式短語作后置定語。itislate為定語從句，修飾先

行詞eachclassperiodo

［翻譯］未在截止日期前提交的論文，每遲交一節(jié)課，分數(shù)就會降一個等級。

3.（2021?全國甲卷）It'stheseasidebirdsthatdeserveatleastpartoftheblameforgettingNick

BurchillblacklistedattheFairmontEmpressHotelinVictoria,Canada.

［剖析］本句是一個強調句型。本句被強調部分是句子主語theseasidebirds,旨在強調

這件事中應付部分責任的是海鳥。

［翻譯］NickBurchill被加拿大維多利亞費爾蒙皇后酒店列入黑名單，海鳥至少應該承擔

部分責任。

第228頁

情境遷移

I.應用文寫作增分練——幸存（學校地震逃生演練）

結合本單元話題，用單元詞匯、經典句型完成下面的應用文寫作并背誦。

［基礎語料］

單元indoors,eliminate,fierce,terrifying,expose,react,crucial,copewith,

詞匯bring...undercontrol,wipeout

經由as從句省略結構；how+動詞不定式結構；neededto動詞-ed形式短語作

句型定語

［情境呈現(xiàn)］

假定你是校英文報記者，你校最近舉行了地震逃生演練，請你以Earthquakeescapedrill

為題給英文報投稿，講述總結逃生演練活動。

［思路點撥］

人稱以第三人稱為主

時態(tài)以一般過去時為主

內容要第一段引出主題（舉行演練）一第二段介紹過程和細節(jié)一結尾

點線索總結

［寫作輸出］

Earthquakeescapedrill

Yesterdayafternoon,⑴ourstudentsconductedanearthquakeescapedrillasscheduled（我們的

學生按計劃進行了一次地震逃生演習；as從句省略結構）.

Duringthecrucialindoorsearthquakedrillatourschool,（2）studentsweretaughthowto

eliminatepanicandreactinafierceandterrifyingsituation（學生彳門被教導如何在激烈可怕的情

況下消除恐慌和反應；eliminate,react,fierce,terrifying;how+動詞不定式結構）.（3）Theexercise

aimedtoexposethemtotheessentialskillsneededtocopewithsuchanevent（演習的目的是使他

們掌握應付這種事件所需的基本技能；expose,copewith;neededto動詞-ed形式短語作定

語）.Ontheonehand,withproperguidance,theylearned（4）howtobrinetheirfearundercontrol

andwipeoutanyunnecessarychaos（如何控制自己的恐懼,消除任何不必要的混亂;bring...under

control,wipeout）.Ontheotherhand,exercisingcautionandfollowingsafetyprocedureswerethe

keymethodsemphasized.

（5）OveralLthisdrillwasacrucialstepinpreparingstudentstohandleearthquakesandensure

theirsafetyinthefuture（總的來說,這次演習是讓學生們做好應對地震的準備，確保他們未來

的安全的關鍵一步；crucial）.

［變式表達］

根據(jù)提示完成句子，使其意義和句⑸保持不變。

Altogether,asacrucialstepinpreparingstudentstohandleearthquakes（總之,作為讓學生做

好應對地震準備的關鍵一步），thisdrillcouldensuretheirsafetyinthefuture.

II.讀后續(xù)寫微點練——在南極嚴寒中靠近帝企鵝取暖（靈機一動）

［基礎語料］

strike/hit突然想到

inspiration靈感

brainstorming集思廣益

notion想法

spark激發(fā)

詞匯

flash閃現(xiàn)

idea主意

occurto突然想到

comeupwith想出

dawnonsomeone某人突然意識到

thinkof想到

popintoone'smind突然浮現(xiàn)在某人腦海中

crouching/spreading/stroking動詞-ing形式作狀語；though+shocked分詞

句式短語作狀語；

as引導狀語從句

第229頁

l.Itoccurredtoherthatshehadforgottentolockthedoor.

她突然想起她忘了鎖門。

2.1tstruckhimthathehadlefttheovenon.

他突然想起他忘記關烤箱了。

細節(jié)3.Shethoughtofacleverwaytosolvetheproblem.

描寫她想到了一個巧妙的解決問題的方法。

4.Hecameupwithanewapproachfortheproject.

他為項目想出了一個新方法。

5.Abrilliantideapoppedintohismindwhilehewasdaydreaming.

當他在做白日夢時，一個絕妙的想法突然浮現(xiàn)在他的腦海中。

［情境呈現(xiàn)］

（2025?廣東一模?讀后續(xù)寫）

Mary和Tom在南極企鵝研究實驗室觀察帝企鵝如何適應嚴寒一Mary認為他們應該更成

熟，不應該把研究動物當寵物一實驗室溫度驟降，可能是加熱器故障一成年人在外研究，孩

子們必須自己應對一Tom解釋帝企鵝通過擠在一起取暖來適應極端寒冷一……

［思路點撥］

文體：記敘文人稱：第三人稱時態(tài)：一般過去時為主

續(xù)寫思路：根據(jù)所給句子“Ihaveanideatostaywarm!“Tomshoutedexcitedly.

可知，接下來要寫Tom提出了一個保暖的主意，可能是受到了帝企鵝行為的啟發(fā)。

或者描述Tom和Mary如何實施這個保暖的計劃，可能包括模仿帝企鵝擠在一起

取暖的行為。

［寫作輸出］

aIhaveanideatostaywarm!”Tomshoutedexc淞d/y.⑴Spreadinghisarms,hesuggested

joiningthepenguinhuddles（他張開雙臂，建議加入企鵝群；spreading動詞-ing形式作狀

語）.（2）Marywasworriedthatthepenguinsmightblocktheirway,soshehesitated（瑪麗擔心企鵝

會阻止他們，所以她猶豫了）.ButshewassoonreassuredbyTom'sconfidentsmile.（3）Heslowly

approachedthecrowdedpenguins,crouchingdown（他慢慢地靠近擁擠的企鵝群，蹲下身子；

crouching動詞-ing形式作狀語）.（4）Gentlystrokingthemwithcare,hewhisperedsoftly（他輕輕地

撫摸著它們，輕聲說著；stroking動詞-ing形式作狀語）.（5）Thoughshockedatfirst,thepenguins

recognizedTomandlethimintotheirgroup（企鵝們雖然一開始很吃驚，但還是認出了湯姆，讓

他加入了他們的群體；though+shocked分詞短語作狀語）.Maryquicklyfollowed.Thechildren

squeezedintothehuddle'sedgewiththepenguins.（6）Justasthebirdsdid,theymovedtowardthe

middleandbackoutasthegroupshifted（就像鳥兒一樣,它們在群體移動時向中間移動，然后又

向外移動；as引導狀語從句）.

［變式表達］

用“worriedthat…”形容詞短語作狀語，改寫下面語段，使之構成一個主從復合句。

Marywasworriedthatthepenguinsmightblocktheirway,soshehesitated.Butshewassoon

reassuredbyTom'sconfidentsmile.

一Worriedthatthepenguinsmightblocktheirway,Maryhesitatedbutwassoonreassuredby

Tom'sconfidentsmile.

、一、對應學生

單兀測評30Unit6Survival用書p4］7

（時間：30分鐘滿分：35分）

（本欄目內容在中以活頁形式分冊裝訂?。?/p>

I.閱讀理解（本題共8個小題，每小題2.5分，共20分）

A

（2024?皖南八校三模）

Droughtisanincreasingprobleminourwarmingworld.Allcontinentshavebeen

experiencingmoreextendedperiodswithoutrain,leadingtoforestfiresandpoorcrop

growth.Consequently,peoplearelookingatcloudseedingtosolvetheproblem-amethodof

encouragingprecipitation（降水）bysendingsmallparticlesofcertainchemicalsintoclouds.

Cloud-seedingexpertArlenHugginshasbeenstudyingitseffectiveness."Myearliest

experiencewastousecloudseedingtoreducetheamountofhailinnorth-eastColorado.Wedidn't

haveanyluckwiththat,butwehadsuccesslateroninincreasingsnowfallinUtah.Now,thefocusis

shiftingtowardincreasingrainfallfromsummerclouds,whichisfarmoreunpredictable,“hesaid.

Theproblemisthatit'sprettyhardtoknowwhetherprecipitationresulteddirectlyfromcloud

seeding.ltmighthaverainedorsnowedanyway.Evenifyoupracticecloudseedinginoneplaceand

don'tinanother,it'simpossibletoknowforsurewhatcausedtheprecipitation."Ascloudseedingis

expensiveanditseffectivenessuncertain,itsusefulnessisstillamatterofopinion,“saysKatja

Friedrich,aresearcherofUniversityofColorado.

Additionally,it'snotduringfoggyandsnowyconditionsthatpeoplethinkofincreasingthe

chanceofrainfall.Whenacountryishitbydrought,thencloudseedingisn'tanoptionduetothe

lackofclouds.Duringdrought,skiestendtobeclearwithfewclouds.Thebestoptiontoprevent

droughtistoseedattimesoftheyearwhenrainfalllevelsarenormalorhigher.

Therearealsoenvironmentalissuesregardingtheimpactofcloudseeding.Athighlevels,the

chemicalssentintothecloudscanharmhumansandotheranimals,andsomestudieshavefound

themslightlypoisonous.Apartfromthat,someenvironmentalistsareconcernedaboutthelong-term

impacts,asthereisn'tdataonhowmuchthosechemicalsaccumulateintheenvironmentover10

years.

【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了干旱問題日益嚴重，人們考慮使用人工

降雨來增加降水，但這種人工降雨的效果存在不確定性，同時也存在成本高和影響環(huán)境的問

題。

1.Whatisthepurposeofcloudseeding?

A.Toincreasegrainoutput.

B.Toslowdownglobalwarming.

C-Toreducechemicalsintheair.

D.Todealwithdryandrain-freeweather.

答案：D

解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的uDroughtisanincreasingprobleminourwarming

world...Consequently,peoplearelookingatcloudseedingtosolvetheproblem-amethodof

encouragingprecipitation（降水）…”可知，人工降雨是為了應對干旱無雨的天氣。故選D。

2.HowisArlenHuggins1earliestexperienceinParagraph2?

A.It'seffective.B.It'sunsuccessful.

C.It!ssatisfying.D.It!sfruitful.

答案：B

解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的"Myearliestexperiencewastousecloudseedingto

reducetheamountofhailinnorth-eastColorado.Wedidn'thaveanyluckwiththat...v可知，

ArlenHuggins曾經想用人工降雨的方法來減少美國科羅拉多州東北部的冰雹數(shù)量。遺憾的是,

他運氣不好。由此可推知，ArlenHuggins最早的經歷失敗了。故選B。

3.WhatisKatjaFriedrich'sattitudetowardscloudseeding?

A.Favorable.B.Opposed.

C.Unclear.D.Doubtful.

答案：D

解析：觀點態(tài)度題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Ascloudseedingisexpensiveanditseffectiveness

uncertain,itsusefulnessisstillamatterofopmion^^可知，KatjaFriedrich認為人工降雨的做法

代價高且效果不確定，因而是有待商榷的。由此可推知，Ka^aFriedrich對人工降雨持懷疑

態(tài)度。故選D。

4.Whatcanbeinferredfromthetext?

A.Droughtcurrentlyposestheonlythreattoforestsandcrops.

B.Rainmakinginanyweatherwillcometrueinthenearfuture.

C.Researchersnowcannottellifrainfallisbroughtbycloudseeding.

D.Chemicalssentintothecloudswillbecomelesspoisonousovertime.

答案：C

解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Theproblemisthatit'sprettyhardtoknowwhether

precipitationresulteddirectly...whatcausedtheprecipitation.^^可推知，目前研究人員尚無法確定

降雨是人工降雨帶來的結果。故選C。

B

（2025?沈陽市高三質檢）

NanakoHamawasholdingalightenvelope.Whenshetoreitopenwithcare,locksofhair

emerged.ManystrangerssendHamalocksoftheirhair,hopingtorecycleit.

Peoplegenerateahugeamountofhairwaste.Nearlyallofthatwasteendsupinlandfill,where

itcanreleaseharmfulgreenhousegasesthatcontributetoclimatechange.Buthairpossessesuseful

qualitiesthatit'sashametosimplythrowitaway.That'swhypeopleallaroundtheworld,likeHama,

havebeencollectinghairandfindinginnovativewaystorecycleit,includingmakingmats（墊子）

outofitforremovingoilleaksintheocean.

Hamaispartofthenon-profitMatterofTrust（MoT）membersworkingatmorethan60

centersdottedacross17countries,usingmachinestomakehairdonatedfromlocalsalonsand

individualsintosquaremat,whicharethenusedtocleanupthefloatingoil."