專題二“形”“態(tài)”各異的動(dòng)詞第二講非謂語動(dòng)詞Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．(2024·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷)Thesesepals(萼片)openonwarmdaystogive(give)theinsideplantssunshineandfreshair.解析：考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語，表示“為了給……提供……”。故填togive。2．(2024·北京卷)Justthen,somekidsranathim,knocking(knock)hisbooksoutofhisarms.解析：考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，句中已有謂語動(dòng)詞ran此處應(yīng)用非謂語動(dòng)詞；主語somekids和動(dòng)詞knock之間構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系，此處應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞短語作結(jié)果狀語。故填knocking。3．(2023·北京卷)Shecalledforactiontoaddress(address)thestrugglesofpeoplearoundtheworldfacing(face)“toolittlewaterortoodirtywater”.解析：考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：她呼吁采取行動(dòng)，解決世界各地面臨“水太少或水太臟”的人們的斗爭(zhēng)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，第一空address在句中作目的狀語，故用不定式。故填toaddress。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，第二空face與邏輯主語people構(gòu)成主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞作后置定語。故填facing。4．(2023·全國甲卷)Forthousandsofyears，peoplehavetoldfables(寓言)toteach(teach)alessonortopassonwisdom.解析：考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。此處與topassonwisdom并列作目的狀語。故填toteach。5．(2023·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷)Nanxiangaside，thebestXiaolongbaohaveafineskin，allowingthemtobelifted(lift)outofthesteamerbasketwithouttearingorspillinganyoftheircontents.解析：考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)搭配allowsb.todosth.“允許某人做某事”可知，空處需用動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語，補(bǔ)足語liftout與賓語them(指代小籠包)是邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系，空處需填動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)式。故填tobelifted。6．(2023·全國乙卷)Beijingisacitybridgingtheancientandthemodern.FromBuddhisttemplestomuseums，narrowhutongtoroyalpalaces，itishometomorethan3,000yearsofglorioushistoryevendowntoitslayout，withthecitykeepingitscarefullybuilt(build)systemofringroads.解析：考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。這里為非謂語動(dòng)詞作定語，表示“精心建造的……”，和被修飾詞“systemofringroads”之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，用過去分詞。故填built。7．(2023·全國乙卷)Havingvisited(visit)severaltimesoverthelast10years，Iwasamazedbytheco-existenceofoldandnew，andhowacitywasabletokeepsucharichheritage(遺產(chǎn))whileconstantlygrowing.解析：考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。這里為非謂語動(dòng)詞充當(dāng)狀語，和主句主語“I”之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系；根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語“overthelast10years”可知，用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)，由此推斷，空處用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式；置于句首，首字母應(yīng)大寫。故填Havingvisited。8．(2023·全國乙卷)Asaphotographer，Ihavespentthelasttwoyearsrecording(record)everythingIdiscovered.解析：考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。spendtime(in)doingsth.花費(fèi)時(shí)間做某事。這里為非謂語動(dòng)詞作賓語，用動(dòng)名詞形式。故填recording。9．(2023·全國甲卷)Carsonusesasimple，directstylecommontofable.Infact，herstyleandtone(口吻)areseeminglydirectedatchildren.“TherewasonceatownintheheartofAmerica，wherealllifeseemedtoenjoypeacefulexistencewithitssurroundings，”herfablebegins，borrowing(borrow)somefamiliarwordsfrommanyage-oldfables.解析：考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句中已有謂語動(dòng)詞，所以此處應(yīng)用非謂語動(dòng)詞形式。邏輯主語herfable與borrow之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以此處用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語。故填borrowing。10．(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)Whenhesawayoungchildhangingfromasixth-floorapartmentbalcony(陽臺(tái)),Henryranonehundredmetres,jumpedovera1.2-metrefence,andheldouthisarmstocatchthefalling(fall)child.解析：考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：當(dāng)亨利看到一個(gè)小男孩掛在六樓公寓的陽臺(tái)上時(shí)，他跑了100米，跳過了1.2米高的柵欄，伸出雙臂去接要掉下來的孩子。句中的heldout為謂語動(dòng)詞，設(shè)空處應(yīng)該使用非謂語動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)句意，fall為動(dòng)詞，意為“掉落”，child和fall之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，同時(shí)表示正在進(jìn)行的含義。故應(yīng)該使用現(xiàn)在分詞作定語。故填falling。11．(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)Hepushedachairontothebalcony,andclimbeduptosee(see)them.解析：考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：他把一把椅子推到陽臺(tái)上，爬上去看他們。句中的climbedup為謂語動(dòng)詞，設(shè)空處應(yīng)該使用非謂語動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)句意，他要爬到陽臺(tái)去看他們(外面玩鬧的孩子們)，故應(yīng)該使用todo不定式作目的狀語。故填tosee。12．(2022·1月浙江卷)ThatapproachbroughtCobb'sairtravellastyeardownby75%,andsheplanstocontinue(continue)thepractice.“Ithasbeenfairlyrewarding,”shesays,“areallypositivechange.”解析：考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：他打算繼續(xù)這個(gè)實(shí)踐。動(dòng)詞plan后面跟動(dòng)詞不定式，plantodosth.計(jì)劃做某事。故填tocontinue。13．Thoughitistheonlyunnaturalthingonyourwayupthemountain,stillithighlightsthewholeadventurethatoffersaplacewhereyoucansitdowntorest(rest)yourachinglegs.解析：考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：雖然這是你上山途中唯一不自然的事情，但它仍然突出了整個(gè)冒險(xiǎn)，并提供了一個(gè)地方，你可以坐下來休息你疼痛的腿。根據(jù)句意和句子結(jié)構(gòu)此處應(yīng)填torest來作目的狀語。故填torest。14．Afterspending(spend)sometimelookingatallthedefensiveequipmentatthewall,wedecideditwastimeforsomeactionandwhatbetterthantorideonapieceofhistory!解析：考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：在花了一些時(shí)間查看了城墻上所有的防御設(shè)備之后，我們決定是時(shí)候采取一些行動(dòng)了，還有什么比騎著自行車游覽一段歷史更好的呢。分析句子可知，此處After為介詞，故spend應(yīng)用其動(dòng)名詞形式作介詞賓語。故填spending。15．Itisdifferentfromtraditionaltourismbecauseitallowsthetravelertobecomeeducated(educate)abouttheareas—bothintermsofgeographicalconditionsandculturalcharacteristics...解析：考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：這不同于傳統(tǒng)的旅游，因?yàn)樗茏屄眯姓吡私膺@個(gè)地區(qū)——無論是地理環(huán)境還是文化特色……。分析句子成分可知，educate與traveler之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用過去分詞。故填educated。16．Activitiesthererangefromwhalewatchingtohiking(遠(yuǎn)足)andaccommodationsaimtohave(have)alowimpactonthenaturalenvironment.解析：考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：那里的活動(dòng)從觀鯨到徒步旅行并且住宿宗旨是對(duì)自然環(huán)境影響達(dá)到很小。固定短語aimtodo譯為“旨在；目的是”。故填tohave。17．Butthat'shownatureis—alwaysleavingusastonished(astonish)．解析：考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：但大自然就是這樣——總是讓我們驚訝。此處是“l(fā)eave＋賓語＋賓語補(bǔ)足語”，補(bǔ)充說明賓語us的感受，應(yīng)用-ed結(jié)尾非謂語動(dòng)詞。故填astonished。18．In1985，urbanmenandwomeninmorethanthreequartersofthecountriesstudied(study)hadhigherBMIsthanmenandwomeninruralareas.解析：考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，句子的謂語是had，所以study用非謂語形式，它的邏輯主語是countries，兩者存在被動(dòng)關(guān)系，要用studied作定語。故填studied。19．Theyrepresenttheearthcoming(come)backtolifeandbestwishesfornewbeginnings.解析：考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句中謂語動(dòng)詞為represent，所以這里為非謂語動(dòng)詞。名詞theearth與comebackto之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用現(xiàn)在分詞作后置定語。故填coming。20．Theyareeasytocare(care)forandmakegreatpresents.解析：考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。這里考查“be＋形容詞＋todo”結(jié)構(gòu)。故填tocare。21．—How'stheprojectgoing?—Sofarsogood.Allwehavetodoisfinish(finish)thelastbitofwork.解析：考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。不定式作表語，前面的主語有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞do，后面表語todo的to省略。故填finish。22．Aswellaslookingatexhibits，visitorscanplaywithcomputersimulations(模擬)andimaginethemselveslivingatadifferenttimeinhistoryorwalking(walk)througharainforest.解析：考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。此處與living是并列成分，共同作imagine的賓語，imaginesb.doingsth.想象某人做某事。因此sb.doingsth.為imagine后動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。故填walking。23．Agriculturegavepeopletheirfirstexperienceofthepoweroftechnologytochange(change)lives.解析：考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。分析句子可知，簡單句中已有動(dòng)詞gave，設(shè)空處需用非謂語動(dòng)詞。分析句意，此處需用不定式作定語，修飾technology。故填tochange。24．(2022·全國甲卷)Avisually-challengedmanfromBeijingrecentlyhiked(徒步)40daystoXi'an,asafirststeptojourney(journey)theBeltandRoadroute(路線)byfoot.解析：考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。afirststeptodosth.為固定搭配，意為“做某事的第一步”。本句中的謂語動(dòng)詞是hiked，所給詞journey在句中作后置定語，意為“旅行”。故填tojourney。25．(2022·全國甲卷)Heflew4,700kilometersfromXi'antoKashgaronSept.20,planning(plan)tohikebacktoXi'aninfivemonths.解析：考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，該句已有謂語動(dòng)詞flew，設(shè)空處應(yīng)用非謂語動(dòng)詞形式，且主語He和plan之間是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。故填planning。26．(2022·全國乙卷)“...Itcanhelptobuildacommunitywithashared(share)futureformankind，”hesaid.解析：考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，設(shè)空處應(yīng)用非謂語動(dòng)詞形式。動(dòng)詞share與其邏輯主語future之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，應(yīng)用過去分詞作定語，修飾名詞future。故填shared。27．(2022·全國乙卷)Tostrengthen(strengthen)theconnectionwithyoungpeople,theeventincludedanumberofpublicpromotionalactivitiesonsocialmedia,invitingtwenty-nineteaprofessionalsfromaroundtheworldtohavethirty-sixhoursofuninterruptedlivebroadcasts.解析：考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)句意可知，設(shè)空處應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語，且設(shè)空處位于句首。故填Tostrengthen。28．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Covering(cover)anareaaboutthreetimesthesizeofYellowstoneNationalPark,theGPNPwillbeoneofthefirstnationalparksinthecountry.解析：考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：該公園占地面積約為黃石國家公園的三倍，GPNP將成為中國首批國家公園之一。設(shè)空處在句中作非謂語，cover和句子的邏輯主語theGPNP為邏輯的主動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞的形式作狀語，首字母大寫。故填Covering。29．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Theplanwillextendprotectiontoasignificantnumberofareasthatwerepreviouslyunprotected,bringingmanyoftheexistingprotectedareasforgiantpandasunderoneauthoritytoincrease(increase)effectivenessandreduceinconsistenciesinmanagement.解析：考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：該計(jì)劃將把保護(hù)范圍擴(kuò)大到大量以前未受保護(hù)的地區(qū)，將許多現(xiàn)有的大熊貓保護(hù)區(qū)納入一個(gè)管理機(jī)構(gòu)，以提高效率，減少管理上的不一致性。設(shè)空處在句中作目的狀語，應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞的不定式的形式。故填toincrease。Ⅱ.語法填空非謂語動(dòng)詞專練Poetryisneverfarawayfromourdailylife.Manyofusgrewup1.(recite)classicpoems,learning2.(enjoy)thisbeautifulartformthatisabletousejustafewlines3.(convey)suchrichmeanings.TheBookofSongs，4.(date)backtotheWesternZhouDynasty,hasalongerhistorythantheHomericepics.Eventoday,classicpoemsareappreciatedbyalotofpeople.5.(recognize)theuniqueabilityofpoetryandcaptureitscreativespirit,WorldPoetryDayisheldbytheUnitedNationsonMarch21eachyear6.(support)linguisticdiversitythroughpoeticexpression.ChinesePoetryConference7.(feature)classicpoetryisextremelypopular.Thecompetitionsawover100participants8.(take)partinanumberofchallenges.Theparticipants,whoseagesrangedfrom7to70,includedstudents,farmers,teachersandforeigncompetitorswithaninterestinChineseliterature.AndevenTVseriesinvolvingpoetryareverysuccessful.Forexample，inEmpressesinthePalace(甄嬛傳),oneofthedrama'smost9.(move)songswasadaptedfromapoem10.(write)byWenTingyunoftheTangDynasty.語篇導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說明文。簡單介紹了中國古典詩歌和現(xiàn)在的《中國詩詞大會(huì)》。解析：1．reciting考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句子主語Manyofus和recite在邏輯上是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞，作伴隨狀語。故填reciting。2．toenjoy考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。learntodosth.表示“學(xué)會(huì)做某事”。故填toenjoy。3．toconvey考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。能夠用幾行詩句表達(dá)如此豐富的意思。usesth.todosth.用某物做某事。故填toconvey。4．dating考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：起源于西周時(shí)期的《詩經(jīng)》的歷史要比《荷馬史詩》更悠久。根據(jù)語境，以及datebackto沒被動(dòng)形式，此處用現(xiàn)在分詞作定語。故填dating。5．Torecognize考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：為了認(rèn)識(shí)到詩歌的獨(dú)特能力……。根據(jù)句意，應(yīng)用不定式作目的狀語。故填Torecognize。6．tosupport考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)語境應(yīng)用不定式tosupport作目的狀語，意為“為了支持……”。故填tosupport。7．featuring考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：以古典詩歌為特色的《中國詩詞大會(huì)》特別受歡迎。設(shè)空處是非謂語動(dòng)詞作定語，與其修飾的名詞是邏輯上的主動(dòng)關(guān)系，因此用v.-ing形式。故填featuring。8．taking考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。賓語100participants是take的邏輯主語，表主動(dòng)關(guān)系。故填taking。9．moving考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。moving表示“令人感動(dòng)的”，作定語修飾songs。故填moving。10．written考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。改編自唐朝詩人溫庭筠寫的一首詩。設(shè)空處作定語的非謂語動(dòng)詞written與其中心詞poem表動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。故填written。Ⅲ.完成句子1．(2023·全國甲卷)作為中國宋代著名的作家和政治家，范仲淹因其對(duì)社會(huì)的巨大貢獻(xiàn)而受到高度贊賞。KnownasaChinesewriterandpoliticianintheSongDynasty,FanZhongyanwashighlyappreciatedbecausehemadegreatcontributionstosociety.2．(2023·全國甲卷)他不遺余力地進(jìn)行了一系列改革，以使他的國家繁榮起來。Hesparednoefforttocarryoutaseriesofreformstomakehiscountryprosperous.3．(2023·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷)得知我們將被隨機(jī)分組進(jìn)行口語練習(xí)，我有一種沖動(dòng)，想表達(dá)我不同的聲音，希望這不會(huì)冒犯您。Learningthatwe'llberandomlypairedtodotheoralpractice,Ifeelanurgetoexpressmydifferentvoice,hopingthatthiswouldn'toffendyou.4．(2023·全國甲卷)在日本學(xué)醫(yī)期間，他對(duì)中國人受到的歧視感到傷心，因此作出一個(gè)大膽的決定去放棄醫(yī)學(xué)尋求寫作。WhilestudyingmedicineinJapan,hewassaddenedbythediscriminationagainstChinesepeople,thusmakingabolddecisiontoquitmedicalschoolandpursuewriting.5.(2024·1月浙江卷)作為一名大一新生，她經(jīng)常在6層樓的迷宮中迷路，這讓她非常無助。Beingafreshman,shetendedtogetlostinthe6-storymaze,leavinghersohelpless.6.(2024·九省聯(lián)考)參加這次比賽是展示你英語寫作能力的絕佳機(jī)會(huì)。