高級(jí)中學(xué)名校試卷PAGEPAGE1北京市西城區(qū)2025屆高三下學(xué)期一模英語(yǔ)試題第一部分：知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，30分）第一節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分）閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。AfterGlendaandRaphaelSavitzmovedtoNewton,Boston,theywerewarmlywelcomedbytheirnewneighbors,whogreetedthemwithhomemadecookiesandcasseroles.Theyquicklygotusedtothe___1___neighborhoodandfeltanimmediatesenseof___2___.Soonafter,theyhadababy,Samantha,butdiscoveredshewasborndeaf.Althoughtheneighborswereexcitedtomeetthenewbaby,theywerealsoawareofthe___3___theSavitzfamilywouldface.JillMcNeil,oneoftheneighbors,suggestedthattheyalllearnsignlanguagetogethertohelpSamanthacommunicate.Jill,whogrewupinatight-knit(緊密團(tuán)結(jié))community,believedinthepowerofhelpingeachother,___4___whenitcametochildren.Overthenextfewmonths,thegroupof18neighborsworkedhardtolearnthebasicsigns,allwhilekeepingtheirplana___5___.TheywantedtosurprisetheSavitzfamilywiththeirnew___6___tocommunicate.Whenthebigmomentcame,theSavitzfamilywasdeeplymoved.GlendaandRaphaelwereamazedbytheefforttheirneighborshad___7___learninganewlanguagejusttocommunicatewiththeirdaughter.Itwasaverytouchingandmeaningfulmomentforthefamily.Theyfeltincredibly___8___.AsSamanthagrew,theneighborskeptincludingherineverything,makingsureshenever___9___leftout.ThesupportfromthecommunitymadealastingimpactontheSavitzfamily,showinghowneighborscancometogethertomakeareal____10____ineachother’slives.1.A.friendly B.peaceful C.quiet D.convenient2.A.belonging B.relief C.hope D.freedom3.A.truth B.choices C.challenges D.threat4.A.naturally B.especially C.immediately D.similarly5.A.priority B.dream C.goal D.secret6.A.media B.technology C.ability D.opportunity7.A.drawnon B.backedup C.reliedon D.putin8.A.proud B.grateful C.relaxed D.satisfied9.A.felt B.looked C.remained D.turned10.A.point B.living C.difference D.commitment【答案】1.A2.A3.C4.B5.D6.C7.D8.B9.A10.C【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文，主要講的是Savitz一家搬到波士頓后受到新鄰居的熱烈歡迎，當(dāng)鄰居知道他們的寶寶是聾的以后，努力學(xué)習(xí)手語(yǔ)以便于和這個(gè)寶寶交流的暖心故事。【1題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：他們很快就適應(yīng)了這個(gè)友好的社區(qū)，并立刻有了歸屬感。A.friendly友好的；B.peaceful平靜的；C.quiet安靜的；D.convenient方便的。根據(jù)上文“theywerewarmlywelcomedbytheirnewneighbors”可知，這個(gè)社區(qū)很友好。故選A。【2題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他們很快就適應(yīng)了這個(gè)友好的社區(qū)，并立刻有了歸屬感。A.belonging歸屬感；B.relief緩解；C.hope希望；D.freedom自由。根據(jù)上文“theywerewarmlywelcomedbytheirnewneighbors”可知，這個(gè)社區(qū)鄰居的友好讓他們有了歸屬感。故選A。【3題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：雖然鄰居們很高興見(jiàn)到這個(gè)新寶寶，但他們也意識(shí)到Savitz一家將面臨的挑戰(zhàn)。A.truth真相；B.choices選擇；C.challenges挑戰(zhàn)；D.threat威脅。根據(jù)上文“discoveredshewasborndeaf”可知，那個(gè)寶寶天生是聾的，所以Savitz一家將面臨挑戰(zhàn)。故選C。【4題詳析】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：Jill在一個(gè)關(guān)系緊密的社區(qū)長(zhǎng)大，她相信互相幫助的力量，尤其是在孩子們身上。A.naturally自然地；B.especially尤其；C.immediately立刻；D.similarly相似地。根據(jù)下文“whenitcametochildren”可知，Jill相信互相幫助的力量，尤其是在孩子們身上。故選B。【5題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：在接下來(lái)的幾個(gè)月里，這個(gè)由18個(gè)鄰居組成的小組努力學(xué)習(xí)基本的手語(yǔ)，同時(shí)對(duì)他們的計(jì)劃保密。A.priority優(yōu)先事項(xiàng)；B.dream夢(mèng)；C.goal目標(biāo)；D.secret秘密。根據(jù)下文“TheywantedtosurprisetheSavitzfamily”可知，鄰居們把這個(gè)計(jì)劃保密。故選D?！?題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他們想用新的溝通能力給Savitz一家一個(gè)驚喜。A.media媒體；B.technology技術(shù)；C.ability能力；D.opportunity機(jī)會(huì)。根據(jù)上文“l(fā)earnthebasicsigns”可知，鄰居學(xué)習(xí)手語(yǔ)，這是一種新的溝通能力。故選C?！?題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：Glenda和Raphael對(duì)鄰居們?yōu)榱撕团畠航涣鞫鴮W(xué)習(xí)一門(mén)新語(yǔ)言所付出的努力感到驚訝。A.drawnon利用，借鑒；B.backedup支持；C.reliedon依靠；D.putin投入。根據(jù)上一段“thegroupof18neighborsworkedhardtolearnthebasicsigns”可知，那些鄰居為了和Savitz的女兒溝通而努力學(xué)習(xí)手語(yǔ)，空格處意為“投入”。故選D?！?題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：他們感到無(wú)比感激。A.proud驕傲的；B.grateful感激的；C.relaxed放松的；D.satisfied滿(mǎn)意的。根據(jù)上文“l(fā)earninganewlanguagejusttocommunicatewiththeirdaughter”可知，鄰居為了和自己的女兒溝通而學(xué)習(xí)新的語(yǔ)言，這讓Savitz一家感激。故選B?！?題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：隨著Samantha的成長(zhǎng)，鄰居們一直讓她參與所有的事情，確保她不會(huì)感到被冷落。A.felt感覺(jué)；B.looked看；C.remained保持；D.turned轉(zhuǎn)向。根據(jù)上文“theneighborskeptincludingherineverything”可知，鄰居們確保Samantha不會(huì)感到被冷落。故選A?！?0題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：社區(qū)的支持對(duì)Savitz一家產(chǎn)生了持久的影響，表明鄰居們可以團(tuán)結(jié)起來(lái)，真正改變彼此的生活。A.point點(diǎn)；B.living生計(jì)；C.difference不同；D.commitment忠誠(chéng)。根據(jù)上文“madealastingimpactontheSavitzfamily”可知，鄰居們可以團(tuán)結(jié)起來(lái)，真正改變彼此的生活，makeadifference意為“產(chǎn)生影響”。故選C。第二節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分）閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫(xiě)1個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡指定區(qū)域作答。A閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容或括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的恰當(dāng)形式填空。Lastsummer,Ijoinedacommunitygardenprojectinmyneighborhood.Atfirst,Iwasnervousaboutworkingwith_____11_____(stranger),buteveryonewaswelcomingandenthusiastic.Ilearnedhowtoplantvegetablesandcareforflowers.Inautumn,wehadabigharvestanddecidedtodonatethefreshproducetoalocalfoodbank.Ineverexpectedthatoursmalleffortscouldcreatesuchaneffect.ThesurprisecamewhenIreceivedathank-youletterfromafamily_____12_____benefitedfromourdonations.Itmademerealizehowpowerful_____13_____(kind)canbe!【答案】11.strangers12.who##that13.kindness【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者從事社區(qū)花園項(xiàng)目，學(xué)會(huì)了如何種菜和養(yǎng)花，還得到了他人的感謝信。【11題詳析】考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。句意：起初，我對(duì)和陌生人一起工作感到緊張，但每個(gè)人都很熱情好客。前文沒(méi)有冠詞，表示數(shù)量大于一用復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填strangers?！?2題詳析】考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：讓我驚喜的是，我收到了一封感謝信，來(lái)自一個(gè)受益于我們捐款的家庭。此處引導(dǎo)限定性定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞是family，指人，關(guān)系詞在從句作主語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞who或that引導(dǎo)。故填who或that?！?3題詳析】考查名詞。句意：這讓我意識(shí)到善良的力量是多么強(qiáng)大！此處作從句的主語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用名詞kindness，不可數(shù)。故填kindness。B閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容或括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的恰當(dāng)形式填空。TsinghuaUniversityplanstoincreaseitsundergraduateenrollment(本科招生人數(shù))____14____about150in2025andestablishanewundergraduateschoolfocusedoncombiningartificialintelligence(AI)withvariousfieldsofstudy.Thenewschool____15____(make)useofTsinghua’sstrengths,____16____(highlight)AI’sroleineducationandresearch.It____17____(aim)toexploreAI-drivenlearningmodelsanddevelopstudentswithdiverseskills,asolidunderstandingofAIandcreativethinking.【答案】14.by15.willmake16.highlighting17.aims【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了清華大學(xué)的將要成立新的本科學(xué)院，專(zhuān)注于將人工智能與各個(gè)研究領(lǐng)域相結(jié)合?！?4題詳析】考查介詞。句意：清華大學(xué)計(jì)劃在2025年將本科招生人數(shù)增加約150人，并建立一所新的本科學(xué)院，專(zhuān)注于將人工智能（AI）與各個(gè)研究領(lǐng)域相結(jié)合。短語(yǔ)increaseby表示“增加了……”。故填by?！?5題詳析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：新學(xué)院將利用清華大學(xué)的優(yōu)勢(shì)，突出人工智能在教育和研究中的作用。此處動(dòng)作發(fā)生在將來(lái)，用一般將來(lái)時(shí)。故填willmake。【16題詳析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：新學(xué)院將利用清華大學(xué)的優(yōu)勢(shì)，突出人工智能在教育和研究中的作用。此處highlight與上文句子構(gòu)成主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)，故填highlighting?！?7題詳析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：它旨在探索人工智能驅(qū)動(dòng)的學(xué)習(xí)模式，培養(yǎng)具有多樣化技能、對(duì)人工智能有扎實(shí)理解和創(chuàng)造性思維的學(xué)生。陳述事實(shí)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主語(yǔ)為it，謂語(yǔ)用三單形式。故填aims。C閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容或括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的恰當(dāng)形式填空。Ata200-megawatt(兆瓦)windfarminHengshui,Hebei,theworld’slargesttonnagewheeledcrane(起重機(jī)),theXCA4000,completeditsfirstliftinMarch2024.It____18____(lift)a130-metric-tonnacelle,a40-tonhubandthree95-meter-longbladesweighing28tonseach,toaheightof162metersforassembly(組裝)onthetower.TheXCA4000hasaself-developedcontrolsystemandtechnologies____19____(ensure)safetyduringoperation.Withmorethanadozensensors____20____(distribute)inthefacility,itcandetectandaddresspotentialsafetydangersinrealtime.【答案】18.lifted19.toensure20.distributed【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了世界上最大的噸位輪式起重機(jī)XCA4000的情況。【18題詳析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：它將一個(gè)130噸的機(jī)艙，一個(gè)40噸的輪轂和三個(gè)95米長(zhǎng)的葉片（每個(gè)重28噸）提升到162米的高度，以便在塔上組裝。發(fā)生在過(guò)去用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。故填lifted?！?9題詳析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：XCA4000具有自主開(kāi)發(fā)的控制系統(tǒng)和技術(shù)，確保運(yùn)行安全。此處ensure作目的狀語(yǔ)，用不定式。故填toensure?！?0題詳析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：在設(shè)施中分布了十多個(gè)傳感器，可以實(shí)時(shí)檢測(cè)和解決潛在的安全隱患。此處distribute與sensors構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用過(guò)去分詞作賓補(bǔ)。故填distributed。第二部分：閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，38分）第一節(jié)（共14小題；每小題2分，共28分）AIntoday’sfast-paceddigitalworld,manyofusstrugglewithdistractionandburnout.It’schallengingtostayfocusedandproductivewithconstantinterruptionsandthepressuretomanagemultipletasks.Thereforewebringtoyou—TheSukhaapp.Sukhaisaproductivity-boostingfocusappthathelpsyoucompletetasksmoreefficientlybyprovidingtoolsthatpromotefocusandcommunitysupport.Thisproductivitysoftwaresilencesdistractions(干擾),playsfocusmusic,andstartsapomodorotimer(番茄計(jì)時(shí)器)withjustaclick.Sukhaensuresyoustayontrackandfinishyourworkfaster.FeaturesofSukhaPhoneDistractionElimination(消除)Silencedistractionsandcreateabestworkenvironmenttoensureyoustayfocusedonthetaskathand,minimizinginterruptionsandincreasingefficiency.Thenexttimeyoupickupyoursmartphone,thescreenwillautomaticallystartflashingtokeepyouawayfromit.FocusMusic●Offersaselectionoffocusmusictracksthathelpyougetintotheflowandmaintainyourconcentrationforlongerperiods.CommunityIntegration●Workalongsidefriendsandpeoplearoundtheworld.●Feelpartofasupportivecommunitybyseeingothersworkinginrealtime,providingmotivationandreducingthesenseofisolation(孤立).SukhaVSOtherProductivityAppsTherearemanyotherproductivityapps.Theyarealsosimpleandeasytouseandsetup.Whilethesetypesoftoolsofferdifferentfeatures,theytendtoworkinisolation.However,Sukhatakesauniqueapproach.WithSukha,yourneedsaremetinoneplace.Youcanintegrateotherappsintotheplatform.Forexample,byaddingyourCalendar,youensurethatyou’reontimeforanyupcomingonlinemeetings.Productivityisn’tlimitedtotheplatformbutextendstointegratedapps.Youhaveacompletesystemtoworksmarter.Thisdoesn’thappenelsewherebutwithinSukha.SukhaPricingWeareexcitedtoannouncethatSukhanowoffersa14-dayfreetrialforallnewusers.Aftertheconclusionofyour14-daytrial,youwillbeautomaticallymovedtotheBasicPlanatnocost.However,ifyouwishtocontinuewiththeProSubscription,youneedtopay$10permonth.IfyouhaveanyquestionsregardingtheSukhaProSubscriptionorthe14-daytrialversion,pleasedonothesitatetogetintouchwithoursupportteamatsupport@centered.app.So,whatareyouwaitingfor?21.WhatistheaimofSukha?A.Tocreatefocusmusic. B.Toproducenovelideas.C.Toenhanceworkingefficiency. D.Touniteawholecommunity.22.WhatisuniquetoSukha?A.It’seasytouseandsetup. B.Itprovidesdifferentfeatures.C.Itcanminimizeinterruptions. D.Itworkstogetherwithotherapps.23.HowwillSukhachargeusersafterthetrialperiod?A.Userswillcontinuetohaveaccesstoallfeaturesforfree.B.Userswillbechargedaone-timefeeof10afterthetrial.C.Userswillbecharged10permonthfortheProSubscription.D.UserswillautomaticallybemovedtotheProSubscriptionatnocost.【答案】21.C22.D23.C【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了一款提高工作效率的應(yīng)用程序Sukha的情況?！?1題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Sukhaisaproductivity-boostingfocusappthathelpsyoucompletetasksmoreefficientlybyprovidingtoolsthatpromotefocusandcommunitysupport.(Sukha是一款提高工作效率的專(zhuān)注應(yīng)用程序，通過(guò)提供促進(jìn)專(zhuān)注和社區(qū)支持的工具，幫助你更有效地完成任務(wù))”可知，Sukha的目的是提高工作效率。故選C。【22題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段“However,Sukhatakesauniqueapproach.WithSukha,yourneedsaremetinoneplace.Youcanintegrateotherappsintotheplatform.(然而，Sukha采用了一種獨(dú)特的方法。有了Sukha，你的需求在一個(gè)地方得到滿(mǎn)足。你可以將其他應(yīng)用程序集成到平臺(tái)中)”可知，Sukha的特別之處是它能與其他應(yīng)用程序一起工作。故選D?！?3題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“However,ifyouwishtocontinuewiththeProSubscription,youneedtopay$10permonth.(但是，如果你希望繼續(xù)使用Pro訂閱，則需要每月支付10美元)”可知，試用期結(jié)束后，用戶(hù)將收取每月10美元的專(zhuān)業(yè)訂閱費(fèi)用。故選C。BUdayBhatia’senthusiasmfortechnologybeganinchildhood.Hisinterestwasawakenedwhenhereceivedadrone(無(wú)人機(jī))inthefourthgrade,stimulatingacuriosityabouthowmachineswork.By14,hehadtaughthimselfcomputerscienceandcreatedhisfirstvideogameonRoblox.However,Uday’spassionwasn’tlimitedtocodingandgadgets—hewasdeeplyawareofsocietalissues.Duringthepandemic,hedevelopedFindOurTutor,ane-tutoringplatformtohelpstudentscontinuelearningremotely.At16,Uday,aspartofamentorshipprogram,visitedBichpurivillageinUttarPradeshanddiscoveredacriticalproblem:thevillagersfacedsix-to-eight-hour-longpoweroutages.“WhenIlearnedthatchildrenwereusingflashlightsandkerosenelampstostudy,Iwantedtofindasolution,”herecalls.HisresearchrevealedthatwhilemostvillagesinIndiahadbeenelectrified,unreliablepowersupplyremainedacontinuingissueinmanyruralareas,withsomestateslikeRajasthanandUttarakhandenduringpowercutslasting10to12hoursaday.Determinedtohelp,Udayspentthenextsixmonthslearningfrominstructionalvideosandgatheringsecond-handcomponents.Heworkedinhisterrace(屋頂)workshop,experimentingwithdifferentdesignsuntilhedevelopedtheSmartOutageGuard(OG),alow-costbackuplightbulb(燈泡)withalithium-ionbattery.Thebulb,pricedatRs250,abouthalfthecostofotheroptions,featuresdynamic-lumentechnologyandpulse-widthmodulation,whichallowsuserstoadjustthebrightness.Thisfeatureextendsthebulb’silluminationcapacitytoupto10hours,dependingonthebrightnesslevel.SinceitslaunchinMay2022,SmartOGbulbshavereached10,000homesacrosseightstates.UdayalsofoundedUdayElectric,afor-profitventurethatcollaborateswithdistributors,NGOs,retailers,andCSRprogramstoprovideaffordablelightingtosemi-electrifiedruralareas.Fornon-electrifiedregions,hedevelopedtheGlowGrid,asolar-poweredlamp,launchedthismonth.Uday’sinnovationshaveearnedhimseveralawards,includingthe2023DianaLegacyAward.Hislong-termgoalistoprovidelow-costenergytoeveryhome,andhe’sjustgettingstarted.24.UdayBhatia’sexperienceinBichpurivillageinfluencedhimto________.A.developaninterestincomputerscience B.createalow-cost,backup-basedlightbulbC.launchane-tutoringplatformforstudents D.studypowersupplysystemsinothervillages25.WhatdoweknowaboutUday’sinventions?A.Theymakeenergyeasiertoaccess. B.Theybringinnovationtoglobalmarkets.C.Theyfocusonsustainableenergysolutions. D.Theyprovideaffordablelightingforruralareas.26.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesUdayBhatia?A.Innovativeandcommercial. B.Determinedandsociallyaware.C.Creativeandenvironmentallyconscious. D.Technologicallyskilledandcompetitive.【答案】24.B25.D26.B【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了烏代·巴蒂亞開(kāi)發(fā)了低成本的鋰離子電池備用燈泡，為農(nóng)村地區(qū)提供負(fù)擔(dān)得起的照明?！?4題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Heworkedinhisterrace(屋頂)workshop,experimentingwithdifferentdesignsuntilhedevelopedtheSmartOutageGuard(OG),alow-costbackuplightbulb(燈泡)withalithium-ionbattery.(他在自己的露臺(tái)工作室里工作，嘗試不同的設(shè)計(jì)，直到他開(kāi)發(fā)出了一種低成本的鋰離子電池備用燈泡SmartOutageGuard。)”可知，烏代·巴蒂亞在比奇普里村的經(jīng)歷影響了他創(chuàng)造出一種低成本的備用燈泡。故選B?！?5題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“UdayalsofoundedUdayElectric,afor-profitventurethatcollaborateswithdistributors,NGOs,retailers,andCSRprogramstoprovideaffordablelightingtosemi-electrifiedruralareas.(烏代還成立了UdayElectric，這是一家營(yíng)利性企業(yè)，與分銷(xiāo)商、非政府組織、零售商和企業(yè)社會(huì)責(zé)任項(xiàng)目合作，為半電氣化的農(nóng)村地區(qū)提供負(fù)擔(dān)得起的照明。)”可知，烏代的發(fā)明為農(nóng)村地區(qū)提供負(fù)擔(dān)得起的照明。故選D。【26題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Determinedtohelp,Udayspentthenextsixmonthslearningfrominstructionalvideosandgatheringsecond-handcomponents.(決心提供幫助，烏代在接下來(lái)的六個(gè)月里從教學(xué)視頻中學(xué)習(xí)，并收集二手部件。)”以及倒數(shù)第二段“UdayalsofoundedUdayElectric,afor-profitventurethatcollaborateswithdistributors,NGOs,retailers,andCSRprogramstoprovideaffordablelightingtosemi-electrifiedruralareas.(烏代還成立了UdayElectric，這是一家營(yíng)利性企業(yè)，與分銷(xiāo)商、非政府組織、零售商和企業(yè)社會(huì)責(zé)任項(xiàng)目合作，為半電氣化的農(nóng)村地區(qū)提供負(fù)擔(dān)得起的照明。)”可知，烏代·巴蒂亞有決心和社會(huì)意識(shí)。故選B。CRecently,IattendedapublictalkbysomeonewhoseviewsI“knew”Iwouldoppose.Andyet,Iwent.Ilistened,askedquestions,andgavemytime.Whilemycorevaluesweren’ttransformedinthosetwohours,Ilearnedsomethingandleftwithadeeperappreciationforthecomplexityofotherperspectives.Inthisweeknightactivity,Iwasactivelytryingtotackle“beliefism,”adivisivephenomenoninwhichsurroundingyourselfwithpeoplewhoshareyourviewsleadstodiscriminationagainstthosewhodisagree.Inthisway,beliefismdeepensdivisionandreinforcespolarization—buildingwallsinsteadofbridges.Indeed,beliefismiswidespreadinmodernsociety.Asignificantpartoftheproblemoriginatesfromthefactthatweliveinaworldthatisbothphysicallyandvirtuallydivided.Werarelyinteractwithpeoplefromotherwalksoflife.Socialmediaalgorithmsstokethefiresofdivision,lockingusintoechochambersthatreinforceourpreexistingbeliefsandshutdowndebate.Ultimately,wheremanyforcesaredrivingusapart,wemustthink—whatcanwedotounpackdivisionandrestoreconnection?Wecanbeginbytryingtounderstandthepsychologyofbeliefism,whichatitscoreisaformofbias—amentalshortcutinwhichwecategorisepeopleaccordingtosinglecharacteristicsorgeneralisingassumptions.Indeed,inaworldthatisinfinitelycomplex,ourmindsusethesebiasestosimplifyandmakesenseoftheworld.Thethingis,whenweseeothersonlythroughtheperspectiveoftheirpoliticalorsocialbeliefs,wereduceandflattenthemtoasingledimension.Further,whenpeoplefeeltheyaredismissedordisregardedonlyfortheirbeliefs,theyareleftfeelingisolatedandmisunderstood.Secondly,wecanunderstandthetendencyforbeliefismaspartofourevolutionary(進(jìn)化的)desiretoestablishacommunityorgroup.Theproblemisthatwhilethisinstinct(本能)mayhaveonceservedevolutionarypurposes,today,itblocksmeaningfuldialogueandcooperation.Indeed,researchshowsthatovercomingbeliefismhasbenefits.Whenwewelcomeavarietyofideasandperspectives,weareabletoovercomegroup-thinkandmakebetterdecisionsandjudgements.What’smore,lessbeliefistpeoplearegenerallyhappier,havingstronger,morefulfillingrelationshipsandbroaderhorizons.Luckily,thereareanumberofrelevant,research-backedpsychologicaltechniquesthathelpbuildtoleranceandbreakbias.Wemightexerciseindividuation,seeingpeopleasdiverse-sidedindividualsandbreakingawayfromreductivewaysofthinking.Wecanpracticeperspective-taking,buildingempathy(同理心)bysteppingintosomeoneelse’sshoesandtryingtoseetheworldthroughtheireyes.Ultimately,thewayforwardisnotthroughdivisions,butthrougharecognitionofoursharedhumanity.Remindyourselfthateachpersonexistsattheintersectionofmanyidentities,experiences,andbeliefs.Challengeyourselftopracticeempathy,andrememberthatnooneiswhollydefinedbytheworstthingtheyhavesaidordone.27.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“stoke”inParagraph3probablymean?A.Fuel. B.Keep. C.Put. D.Contain.28.Whatcanweknowaboutbeliefismfromthepassage?A.Socialmediaalgorithmsmainlycontributetoitswidespread.B.Humanevolutionprovesitsharminestablishinggroup-think.C.Itreflectsoursimplifiedwayofunderstandingthesurroundingworld.D.Itleadsustomakeassumptionsaboutothers’politicalorsocialbeliefs.29.Whichofthefollowingwouldbemosteffectiveinfightingbeliefism?A.Facilitatinginteractionsbetweenpeoplefromdifferentcommunities.B.Creatingalistofacceptablebeliefsforeachcommunitytofollow.C.Askingpeopletowriteabouttheirexperiencesofbeingisolated.D.Stressingconflictinsteadofcooperationbetweendifferentbeliefs.30.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.BeyondUsandThem B.TheRootsofBeliefismC.TheHarmofSocialDivision D.AttheCrossroadofFaith【答案】27.A28.C29.A30.A【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了作者對(duì)于信仰主義的看法以及如何擺脫這種思想。【27題詳析】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線(xiàn)詞上文“Asignificantpartoftheproblemoriginatesfromthefactthatweliveinaworldthatisbothphysicallyandvirtuallydivided.Werarelyinteractwithpeoplefromotherwalksoflife.(這個(gè)問(wèn)題的很大一部分源于我們生活在一個(gè)物理上和虛擬上都是分裂的世界。我們很少與各行各業(yè)的人打交道)”以及后文“l(fā)ockingusintoechochambersthatreinforceourpreexistingbeliefsandshutdowndebate(把我們鎖在回音室里，強(qiáng)化了我們已有的信念，關(guān)閉了辯論)”可知，社交媒體算法點(diǎn)燃了分裂之火，把我們鎖在回音室里，強(qiáng)化了我們已有的信念，關(guān)閉了辯論。故劃線(xiàn)詞意思是“點(diǎn)燃”，故選A?！?8題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段“Indeed,inaworldthatisinfinitelycomplex,ourmindsusethesebiasestosimplifyandmakesenseoftheworld.(事實(shí)上，在一個(gè)無(wú)限復(fù)雜的世界里，我們的大腦利用這些偏見(jiàn)來(lái)簡(jiǎn)化和理解這個(gè)世界)”可知，信仰反映了我們理解周?chē)澜绲暮?jiǎn)化方式。故選C。【29題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段“Whenwewelcomeavarietyofideasandperspectives,weareabletoovercomegroup-thinkandmakebetterdecisionsandjudgements.What’smore,lessbeliefistpeoplearegenerallyhappier,havingstronger,morefulfillingrelationshipsandbroaderhorizons.(當(dāng)我們歡迎各種各樣的想法和觀點(diǎn)時(shí)，我們就能克服群體思維，做出更好的決定和判斷。更重要的是，信仰主義者較少通常更快樂(lè)，擁有更牢固、更充實(shí)的人際關(guān)系和更廣闊的視野)”可知，促進(jìn)來(lái)自不同社區(qū)的人之間的互動(dòng)對(duì)對(duì)抗信仰主義是最有效的。故選A。【30題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后一段“Ultimately,thewayforwardisnotthroughdivisions,butthrougharecognitionofoursharedhumanity.Remindyourselfthateachpersonexistsattheintersectionofmanyidentities,experiences,andbeliefs.Challengeyourselftopracticeempathy,andrememberthatnooneiswhollydefinedbytheworstthingtheyhavesaidordone.(最終，前進(jìn)的道路不是通過(guò)分裂，而是通過(guò)認(rèn)識(shí)到我們共同的人性。提醒自己，每個(gè)人都存在于許多身份、經(jīng)歷和信仰的交叉點(diǎn)上。挑戰(zhàn)自己，練習(xí)同理心，記住，沒(méi)有人完全被他們說(shuō)過(guò)或做過(guò)的最糟糕的事情所定義)”以及文章主要介紹了作者對(duì)于信仰主義的看法以及如何擺脫這種思想，可知，A選項(xiàng)“超越我們和他們”最符合文章標(biāo)題。故選A。DGenetic(基因的)variationiswhatallowsaspeciestoadaptasclimatechanges,newdiseasesarise,andnovelenemiescomeonthescene.AslightlydifferentgeneticmakeupcanensureatleastsomeindividualswillstilldoOKintimesofcrisis.Butjustasthenumberofspeciesisdecliningworldwide,so,too,isthegeneticdiversitywithinmanyspecies.Until2022,governmentsfocusedprimarilyonpreventingspeciesfromdisappearing.Thatyear,however,whenupdatingtheUnitedNations’sConventiononBiologicalDiversitytreaty(條約),participatingcountriesagreedtostarttolookatgeneticdiversityaswell.Thefirststeptowardslowingthetrendisunderstandingit.ConservationbiologistCatherineGruéberfromtheUniversityofSydneyandmanycolleaguesgathered882paperswrittenbetween1985and2019thattrackeddiversitychangeswithin628individualspeciesbyanalyzingtheirDNAatatleasttwotimepoints.Theteamusedcomplexstatisticalanalysestomakethedatacomparable,enablingthemtoidentifytrendsandcorrelatelossofgeneticdiversitywithfloods,habitatdestruction,orotherdisturbances.Theyalsotrackedwhathappenedinthefaceofvariousconservationmeasures,suchaslegallyprotectingaspeciesorsettingasideandprotectinghabitat.Two-thirdsofthepopulationsanalyzedexhibitedadeclineindiversity,Gruéberandhercolleaguesreport.Thatincludedspeciesalreadyknowntobeatrisk,butitalsoincludedmorecommonspecies.Theimplicationisthatthosespeciesmaybelessabletobouncebackthanexpectedduringenvironmentalchange,saysAliciaMastertta-Yanes,aconservationgeneticist.Someconservationefforts,suchasecologicalrestorationorreducingpests(害蟲(chóng)),didn’thelpmuch,theanalysisfound.Butcertainactionsdidseemtohelp,suchaseffortstoexpandandprotecthabitat,introducenewindividualstodecliningpopulations,orconnecttwoisolatedpopulations.“Itwasprettyimpressivethattheywereabletotrackwhathumandisturbancesandconservationactionshaddone,”saysMoisésAlonso,anevolutionarygeneticistwhoauthoredapreprintlastyearindicatingthatprotectingexistinghabitatwon’tbeenoughtopreventgeneticdiversitylossesformanyspecies.“Weneededsomethinglikethis,”hesays.Conservationscientistsemphasizetheimportanceofcontinuingtomonitorpopulations.ButDNAmethodsaren’talwayspractical,somenote.“Itisrelativelyhardandexpensivetomeasuregeneticdiversitydirectly,”Mastertta-Yanessays.Togetaroundthat,Mastertta-YanesandotherspublishedapaperinEcologyLetterslastyearthatusedproxy(代替物)measures,suchaspopulationsize,toevaluategeneticdiversityin919species.Themethod,whichonlyrequiredabout3hoursofworkperspecies,indicatedthat58%ofthespecieshavepopulationsthataretoosmalltomaintaintheirgeneticdiversity.Thefactthatthesedifferentapproachesfounddecliningdiversity“makesbothresultsmoreconvincing,”Mastertta-Yanessays.“Finally,geneticdiversityisgettingtheattentionitdeserves.”31.WhatisParagraph3mainlyabout?A.ChallengesofcollectingDNAdatafordiversityresearch.B.Findingsongeneticdiversitychangesoverthepast30years.C.Researchmethodsappliedtotrackgeneticdiversitychanges.D.Impactsofhumandisturbancesondiversityofdifferentspecies.32.WhatcanbelearnedfromGrueber’sstudy?A.Habitatextensionandpopulationmanagementpreservediversity.B.Thediversityofcommonspeciestendstodeclinemoreseverely.C.At-riskspeciesbetterresisttheimpactofenvironmentalchanges.D.Ecosystemrecoveryandpestcontroldrivepopulationrise.33.Mastertta-YanesholdsthatDNAmethods________.A.willsoonbereplacedbyproxymeasuresB.lackpracticalityduetotheircostsandcomplexityC.maygetinthewayofmonitoringspeciespopulationsD.requirealargepopulationsizetoachievehighaccuracy34.Whatisthepurposeofthispassage?A.Toidentifymoreeffectivemethodsappliedingeneresearch.B.ToadvocateforusingDNAmethodsexclusivelyinconservationefforts.C.Towarnpeopleofthethreatposedbyenvironmentalchangesonspecies.D.Todrawpeople’sattentiontoeffectivemeasuresagainstlossofdiversity.【答案】31.C32.A33.B34.D【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了研究發(fā)現(xiàn)許多物種內(nèi)部的遺傳多樣性也在減少，介紹了研究開(kāi)展的經(jīng)過(guò)以及發(fā)現(xiàn)?！?1題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段“Thefirststeptowardslowingthetrendisunderstandingit.ConservationbiologistCatherineGruéberfromtheUniversityofSydneyandmanycolleaguesgathered882paperswrittenbetween1985and2019thattrackeddiversitychangeswithin628individualspeciesbyanalyzingtheirDNAatatleasttwotimepoints.Theteamusedcomplexstatisticalanalysestomakethedatacomparable,enablingthemtoidentifytrendsandcorrelatelossofgeneticdiversitywithfloods,habitatdestruction,orotherdisturbances.Theyalsotrackedwhathappenedinthefaceofvariousconservationmeasures,suchaslegallyprotectingaspeciesorsettingasideandprotectinghabitat.(減緩這一趨勢(shì)的第一步是理解它。悉尼大學(xué)的保護(hù)生物學(xué)家凱瑟琳·格魯姆薩伯和許多同事收集了1985年至2019年期間撰寫(xiě)的882篇論文，通過(guò)分析至少兩個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)的628個(gè)物種的DNA，追蹤了它們的多樣性變化。研究小組使用復(fù)雜的統(tǒng)計(jì)分析使數(shù)據(jù)具有可比性，使他們能夠確定趨勢(shì)，并將遺傳多樣性的喪失與洪水、棲息地破壞或其他干擾聯(lián)系起來(lái)。他們還追蹤了在面對(duì)各種保護(hù)措施時(shí)發(fā)生的情況，比如法律保護(hù)一個(gè)物種或留出和保護(hù)棲息地)”可知，第三段的主要內(nèi)容是用于追蹤遺傳多樣性變化的研究方法。故選C?！?2題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Theteamusedcomplexstatisticalanalysestomakethedatacomparable,enablingthemtoidentifytrendsandcorrelatelossofgeneticdiversitywithfloods,habitatdestruction,orotherdisturbances.Theyalsotrackedwhathappenedinthefaceofvariousconservationmeasures,suchaslegallyprotectingaspeciesorsettingasideandprotectinghabitat.(研究小組使用復(fù)雜的統(tǒng)計(jì)分析使數(shù)據(jù)具有可比性，使他們能夠確定趨勢(shì)，并將遺傳多樣性的喪失與洪水、棲息地破壞或其他干擾聯(lián)系起來(lái)。他們還追蹤了在面對(duì)各種保護(hù)措施時(shí)發(fā)生的情況，比如法律保護(hù)一個(gè)物種或留出和保護(hù)棲息地)”以及第四段“Two-thirdsofthepopulationsanalyzedexhibitedadeclineindiversity,Gruéberandhercolleaguesreport.(格魯曼和她的同事們報(bào)告說(shuō)，三分之二的被分析數(shù)量表現(xiàn)出多樣性的下降)”可知，研究告訴我們棲息地?cái)U(kuò)展和數(shù)量管理保護(hù)多樣性。故選A?！?3題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Themethod,whichonlyrequiredabout3hoursofworkperspecies,indicatedthat58%ofthespecieshavepopulationsthataretoosmalltomaintaintheirgeneticdiversity.Thefactthatthesedifferentapproachesfounddecliningdiversity“makesbothresultsmoreconvincing,”Mastertta-Yanessays.“Finally,geneticdiversityisgettingtheatten