動(dòng)詞不定式動(dòng)詞不定式的句法功能動(dòng)詞不定式的結(jié)構(gòu):to+動(dòng)詞原形不定式可以在句子里面充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)；不定式還可以在句子中充當(dāng)定語(yǔ),補(bǔ)語(yǔ),狀語(yǔ)。動(dòng)詞不定式結(jié)構(gòu)中含有動(dòng)詞，因此具有時(shí)態(tài)，和語(yǔ)態(tài)上的變化，有的時(shí)候還會(huì)關(guān)聯(lián)到邏輯主語(yǔ).1動(dòng)詞不定式做主語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不定式做主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù).主語(yǔ)的位置有2種:1)todo位于句首Tofinishthejobwilltakemeaweek.用it做形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)放在句尾.Itis+名詞+todoItisourdutytoguaranteestudents’safety.ii)Ittakesb+time+todoIttookmeaweektofinishthejob.iii)Itis+adj.+forsbtodoItisdangerousforchildrentocrossthestreet.這一類形容詞修飾動(dòng)作：difficult,easy,hardimportant,impossible等iv)Itis+adj.+ofsbtodoItiskindofTomtohelpme.這一類形容詞修飾人:clever,selfish,silly,stupid，kind等。ItiskindofTomtohelpme.=Tomiskindtohelpme.2.動(dòng)詞不定式做賓語(yǔ)todo作賓語(yǔ)的詞有以下3類動(dòng)詞+todoafford,agree,arrange,attempt,choose,decide，demand,determine,

expect,hope,learn,fail，help(to常常省略),manage,offer,plan,prepare,

pretend,promise,refuse,seek,threaten.Tomthreatenedtoappealtoahighercourt.Doctorsshouldlearntobepatient.Tomsoughttofindouthismoneypreviouslyhiddenintheshoes,buthefailed.（seekto力圖,試圖）2)動(dòng)詞+疑問(wèn)詞+todo這一類詞動(dòng)詞是：decide,know,consider,see,forget,learn,remember,show,understand,hear,wonder,findout,explain,tell.Idon’tknowwhenandwheretoholdthemeeting.Youcanchoosewhattodobutyoushouldexplainhowtodoit.3)如果是動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)，賓語(yǔ)如果是動(dòng)詞不定式那么就用it做形式賓語(yǔ)，todo放在句尾.Tomfeelsithisdutytohelpthepoor.IfinditeasytolearnFrench.3動(dòng)詞不定式做表語(yǔ)不定式作表語(yǔ)表示具體動(dòng)作或?qū)?lái)動(dòng)作；動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)表示抽象的一般行為。

嘗試比較以下2個(gè)句子.Myworkistocleantheroomthisevening.Myworkisteachingyou.1)當(dāng)主語(yǔ)包含aim,duty,hope,idea,mistake,plan,purpose,suggestion,goal,dream,ambition等詞時(shí),要用不定式作表語(yǔ)Myambitionistobecomeapilot.MycurrentaimistoimprovemyoralEnglish.2)當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是todo表語(yǔ)也用todoTobekindtoenemyistobecrueltoyourself.Toseeistobelieve.1)consider(=find),imagine,think(=feel),believe,discover,suppose等表示心理狀態(tài)的詞.(還包括provevt)Ibelievehimtobereliable.這一類詞有3個(gè)特點(diǎn)第一:常接tobeWeknowhimtobereliable.第二：consider,think,find,prove等詞后tobe可以省略Weconsiderhim(tobe)agoodofficer.第三：可以改成從句Weknowthatheisreliable.4.動(dòng)詞不定式做補(bǔ)語(yǔ)2)advise,allow,forbid,permit,require,urge,request等表示請(qǐng)求命令的詞Tomadvisedustoputoffthemeeting.如果直接接動(dòng)詞，就要用doingTomadvisedputtingoffthemeeting.3)ask,hate,intend,get等詞Tomaskustogivehimanotherchance.補(bǔ)語(yǔ)Tomaskedtobegivenanotherchance.

賓語(yǔ)下列情況通常用不帶to的不定式做賓補(bǔ)：see,hear,watch,feel,listento,observe等感官動(dòng)詞Isawhimgoout.2)have,make,let等表示“讓…做…”的詞.TheteacherletTomcleantheclassroom.注意：當(dāng)表示被動(dòng)時(shí)，要用帶to的不定時(shí)。Tomwaslettocleantheclassroom.

動(dòng)詞不定式做狀語(yǔ)1)to=inorderto=soasto做目的狀語(yǔ)還有so(such)…asto,如此…是為了onlyto僅僅是為了Iransofastastocatchthefirstbus.Icomehereonlytosaygoodbyetoyou.2)做結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)，表示未預(yù)料到的結(jié)果Iopenthesafe,onlytofindallthemoneygone.3)表示原因Iamgladtohearthenews.Iamsorrynottobethere.動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ)置于名詞和代詞后作定語(yǔ)如果定語(yǔ)表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作，則需要用todoIhavenothingtosay.anything與say盡管是邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，但是say仍然用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài).，因?yàn)橹^語(yǔ)動(dòng)作have和不定式動(dòng)作say的主語(yǔ)都是you.如果不定式動(dòng)作的邏輯主語(yǔ)不是句子的主語(yǔ)，那么不定式就要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài).Tom,IwillgotoWuhan.Doyouhaveanythingtobetakentoyoursonwhostudiesthere.如果后面的動(dòng)詞是不及物動(dòng)詞，那么需要加上對(duì)應(yīng)的介詞Canyoufindmeadesktositon?Ihavesomeproblemstodealwith.2)序數(shù)詞修飾的名詞和代詞后用todo作定語(yǔ)ThenexttraintoarriveisfromWuhan.Armstrongisthefirstpersontolandonthemoon.被修飾的名詞和不定式中的動(dòng)詞有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系.定語(yǔ)可以換成定語(yǔ)從句ThenexttrainthatwillarriveisfromWuhan.第二章todo更多的特性探究todo的時(shí)態(tài)有6種時(shí)態(tài)主動(dòng)被動(dòng)一般式todo

tobedone完成式*tohavedonetohavebeendone進(jìn)行時(shí)tobedoing

完成進(jìn)行時(shí)tohavebeendoing.1)todo可以表示與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，或者發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之后的動(dòng)作Iamglad

toreceivethepresents.Thankyou!Ihappen

tohaveenoughmoney.Ihope

toseeyouagain.=IhopethatI’llsee…2)完成時(shí)表示發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前的動(dòng)作：Ihappenedtohavereadhisnovelwhenhetalkedaboutitwithme.IhappenedtohaveusedmymoneyupwhenIsawabookIlikedverymuch.關(guān)于不定式的時(shí)態(tài)完成時(shí)一般出現(xiàn)在原因中狀語(yǔ)和補(bǔ)語(yǔ)中：原因狀語(yǔ)behappy/proud/luckytohavedoneIwassorrytohavetroubledyouforsolong.Iamgladtohavefoundmuchfuninthegame.補(bǔ)語(yǔ)besaid/reported/knowntohavedoneTomwassaidtohavegoneabroad.Heisknowntohavehelpedmanypeoplewhoaredisabled.賓語(yǔ)中pretend/seem/happentohavedoneJudgingfromhisexpression,heseemstohaveknownthetruth.3)進(jìn)行時(shí)表示與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生的，而且正在進(jìn)行.Whenthethiefcamein,Ihappenedtobeholdingaknife.Whenhephonedme,Ihappenedtobebathing.Thestudentspretendedtobereadingwhentheteachercamein.用主動(dòng)形式表達(dá)被動(dòng)意思的情況1)難易輕重貴賤安危等詞后

Thecarisexpensivetorepair.Thebookisinterestingtoread.Theriverisdangeroustobathein.Thebediscomfortabletosleepon.2)With結(jié)構(gòu)中Withsomuchworktodo,Ifeltanxious.關(guān)于不定式的語(yǔ)態(tài)HehastoleaveWuhanbuthedoesn’twantto.省略到toHehasn’tarrivedyet.Heoughttohave.IamnotapilotbutIwanttobe.并列結(jié)構(gòu)中的省略IdecidetoworkhardandpickupFrench.對(duì)立意思不省略第二個(gè)toIhaven’tdecidetogohomeortostayatschool.Tobeornottobe,thatisthequestion.不定式的省略PracticeShereachedthetopofthehillandstopped______onabigrockbythesideofthepath.A.tohaverestedB.restingC.torestD.rest2.We’replanning______apartynextweek.A.tohaveB.haveC.havingD.hadC

A

3.---Whichdoyouprefer____yourweekends,fishingorwatchingTV?----Neither.A.SpendingB.tospendC.beingspentD.spend4.Didyoufindout_____thepieoutoftheoven?A.WhentotakeB.totakeC.havetakenD.beingtakenB

A

5._____ge