選擇性必修Book3Unit4AdversityAndCourage（B卷·能力提升練）（時間：90分鐘；滿分：120分）閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。AClaritin?ChewablesCoolMintFlavorPowerful24-hour.non-drowsyallergyreliefplusanimmediateblastofcoolingsensationyoucanfeel.DIRECTIONS?convenientchewableform?nowaterneededAdultsandchildren12yearsandover:chew1tabletdaily;notmorethan1tabletin24hoursChildrenunder12:askadoctorConsumerswithliverorkidneydisease:askadoctorRobintussin?12HourTabletsTemporarilyrelievecoughduetominorthroatpain,theintensityofcoughingandtheimpulsetocough.DIRECTIONS?donotcrush,cheworbreaktablets?takewithafullglassofwaterAdultsandchildren12yearsandolder:Itabletevery12hours;notmorethan2tabletsin24hoursChildrenunder12:askadoctorTylenol?ColdMaxDaytimeCapletsTemporarilyrelievecommoncold/flusymptoms.DIRECTIONS?swallowwhole-donotcrush,chewordissolveAdultsandchildren12yearsandover:take2capletsevery4hours;donottakemorethan10capletsin24hoursChildrenunder12:askadoctorMotrin?IBIbuprofenCapletsRelievetoughpainandreducefeverDIRECTIONSAdultsandchildren12yearsandolder:takeIcapletevery4to6hourswhilesymptomspersist;ifpainorfeverdoesnotrespondtoIcaplet,2capletsmaybeused;donotexceed6capletsin24hours,unlessdirectedbyadoctorChildrenunder12:askadoctor1.Ifapersonsuffersfromacough,whichmedicinecanheorshetake?A.Claritin?ChewablesCoolMintFlavor.B.Robintussin?HourTablets.C.Tylenol?ColdMaxDaytimeCaplets.D.Motrin?IBIhuprofenCaplet2.Howshouldapatientof15takeTylenol?ColdMaxDaytimeCaplets?A.Take1capleteverytime. B.Chewitbeforeswallowing.C.Take2capletseveryfourthhour. D.Take12capletsinoneday.3.Whatdothefourmedicineshaveincommon?A.Theycanalltreatcolds.B.Theycan’tbetakenwithothermedicines.C.Theyshouldbetakenwithwater.D.Theyneeddoctors’adviceforpatientsunder12.BForthepastthreedecades,RichardSears,71,hasbeenfocusedononething:tellingthestoriesbehindChinesecharacters.HisinterestinChineselanguageandcharactersgoesbackto1972,whenhewasa22-year-oldphysicsmajoratPortlandStateUniversityinOregon.“Irealizedonly7percentoftheworldspeakEnglishasamothertongue.So,Iwantedtoknowwhatitwasliketospeakanotherlanguage.”By1990,SearswasalreadyprettyfluentinChinese,buthedidnotknowhowtoread.ToSears,thecharacterswerecomplexwithmanystrokesandalmostnoapparentlogic.“I’maphysicist,soIdon’tlikeblindmemorizationinlearninglanguages.IknewthatChinesecharacterscamefrompictographs(象形文字)andIwantedtoknowthestoriesbehindtheChinesecharacters.”Ashestudied,Searsrealizedquicklythatmanyoftheexplanationscouldnotpossiblybetrue.Inordertopickoutthegoodones,hedecidedtocomputerizethecharacters.Hescannedabout96,000ancientcharacters.Thedatabaseofancientcharacterscameintobeing,buthewantedtoexplainthestep-by-stepevolvementofthesecharactersfromtheoriginalpictographstothemodernsimplifiedforms.Hefinallygothiswebsiteupin2002andnameditChineseEtymology(詞源),wherevisitorscancheckforfreetheevolvementofChinesecharactersinvariousforms.Between2002and2011,thewebsitewouldget11,000or15,000hitsaday.Suddenly,inJanuary2011,clickstothewebsitewentupto600,000inoneday.OvernighthebecameUncleHanzi,anicknamegivenbyChinesenetizens,afteroneofthemsharedhiswebsiteonChinesesocialmedia.Inadditiontothewebsite,inSeptemberlastyear,Searssetuphisstudio,focusingonapplyingAR,animationandartificialintelligencetotellingstoriesofChinesecultureandcharacterorigins,inNanjingaspartofthelocalauthority’splantocultivatetalentintheculturesector.“TheyhavebothentertainmentvalueforyoungChineseandeducationalvalueandcanteachtheoriginsofChinesecharacters,”hesays.“WealsowanttomakevideoswithahigheducationalvalueforotherplatformsbothforChineseandforeignlearnersofChinesecharacters.”4.WhatdoweknowaboutRichardSears?A.HelearnedChinesetoimprovehisphysics.B.HehasmadeanexplorationintoChinesecharacters.C.HewasfluentinreadingChinesefromthebeginning.D.Hewasconcernedaboutthespreadofhismothertongue.5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“ones”inParagraph3referto?A.Explanations. B.Characters. C.Pictographs. D.Languages.6.WhatcanbeinferredaboutSears’website?A.Ithasmadeabigprofitfromnetizensvisitingit.B.Itgainedpopularityshortlyafterbeingestablished.C.ItfocusesonthesimplificationofChinesecharacters.D.ItbringstheevolvementofChinesecharacterstothepublic.7.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeRichardSears?A.Enthusiasticanddevoted. B.Wisebutcareless.C.Ambitiousandhumorous. D.Generousbutstubborn.CTopherWhitespendsalotoftimewalkingintheforestandthinkingabouthowquicklywe’relosingit.Heismakinganefforttostopglobaldeforestation(濫伐).FounderoftheSanFrancisco—basedNonprofitRainforestConnection,Whitehasdevelopedasimplebutingeniousstrategy:usingoldcellphonestolistenforthesoundofdestruction.Forestsaredisappearingworldwideandfast,whichnotonlyharmswildlife,includingmanyspeciesthatlivenowhereelse,butalsocontributestoclimatechange.“Ididn’tknowanyofthisstuffwhenIstarted,”saysWhite,whobeganhisjourneyin2011,whenhetraveledtoIndonesianBorneotohelpdecreasinggibbons(長臂猿).Between50and90percentofthelogging(采伐)thathappensintheworld’srainforestsisillegal,accordingtoWhite,yetdetectingthatactivitycanbetough.Sohehasdevelopedasysteminwhichheusesacellphonestayingchargedbysolarcellsandanextramicrophone.Fromthere,thedevicecandetectthesoundsofchainsaws(電鋸)nearlyamileaway.Becauseit’sunfeasibletohavepeoplelisteningtothedevicesallthetime,headdedsome“old-schooldataanalysis,”sothatthecellphone’scomputerscandistinguishachainsaw’ssoundfromothersintheforest.Thisway,hisdevicecanautomaticallydetectloggingactivityandsendatextalerttoauthoritieswhocandetermineifit’sillegalandthenstopit.Sofar,hismonitoringsystemhasbeenusedinCameroon,Ecuador,Peru,andBrazilandwillsoonbedeployedinBolivia.It’snotjustaboutlisteningforlogging.Also,itcanpickoutthesoundsofspecificbirds,whichiswhyWhiteseestheforestrecordingsasapotentialsciencetool.Heisurgingbiologistsandecologiststousehismonitoringsystemanywhere,whetherit’saremoteforestoraparkinLondon.“Themorewelearnabouttheseplaces,”hesays,“theeasieritwillbetoprotectthem.”8.WhatmadeTopherWhitedecidetostopglobaldeforestation?A.Theproblemofglobalclimatechange.B.TheassociationofNonprofitRainforestConnection.C.TheexperienceoftravellingtoIndonesianBorneoin2011.D.Thedesiretofindnewusesforoldcellphones.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“unfeasible”inparagraph4mean?A.Impractical. B.Unwilling. C.Impassive. D.Unnecessary.10.InTopherWhite’sopinion,wecanprotectnaturemoreeasilythrough______.A.updatingadvancedtechnology B.ourbetterunderstandingofitC.developingstrongteamworkspirit D.growingenvironmentalawareness11.Whatcouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.ACreativeWayIsUsedtoProtectWildlifeB.MeasuresShouldBeTakentoPreserveNatureC.ForestsAreDisappearingWorldwideD.YourOldCellPhonesCanHelpSavetheRainForestDProfessorVeenaSahajwalla,2022Australianoftheyear,hascreatedasolutiontoourmassivetrashproblem:wastemicrofactories.Theselittletrashprocessors(處理器)—someassmallas500squarefeet—houseaseriesofmachinesthatrecyclewasteandtransformitintonewmaterialswiththermaltechnology.Thenewall-in-oneapproachcouldleaveourcurrentrecyclingprocessesinthedust.In2018shelaunchedthefirstmicrofactory,establishingamodelofrecyclingthatenablesbusinessesandcommunitiestodevelopcommercialopportunitieswhileaddressinglocalwasteproblems.Asecondonebeganrecyclingplasticsin2019.Now,herlabgroupisworkingwithuniversityandindustrypartnerstocommercializetheirpatentedMicrofactorytechnology.“Thesmallscaleofthemachineswillmakeiteasierforthemtoonedayoperateonrenewableenergy,unlikemostlargemanufacturingplants.Theapproachwillalsoallowcitiestorecyclewasteintonewproductsonlocation,avoidingthelong,ofteninternational,high-emissionjourneysbetweenrecyclingprocessorsandmanufacturingplants.Withamicrofactory,gonearethedaysofneedingseparatefacilitiestocollectandstorematerials,extract(提取)elementsandproducenewproducts,”saysSahajwalla.Traditionally,recyclingplantsbreakdownmaterialsforreuseinsimilarproducts-likemeltingdownplastictomakemoreplasticthings.Sahajwalla’sinventionadvancesthisideabytakingmaterialsfromanoldproductandcreatingsomethingdifferent.“Thekidsdon’tlookliketheparents,”shesays.Sahajwallareferstothisprocessas“thefourthR,”adding“re-form”tothecommonphrase“reduce,reuse,recycle”.ProfessorVeenaSahajwalla’sprogramshelptodevelopinnovationandpromotecooperationwithindustry,ensuringthatsustainablematerialsandprocessesbecomecommerciallypracticalsolutionsfordealingwithwaste.12.Whatisthepurposeofthefirstparagraph?A.Tointroduceanewtypeoftrashprocessor.B.Tointroducetheprocessofrecyclingwaste.C.Toprovetheseriousnessofthetrashproblem.D.Toshowthecurrentsituationoftrashrecycling.13.Whatdoesthesecondparagraphmainlytalkabout?A.Thefoundingofwastemicrofactories.B.Theinfluencesofwastemicrofactories.C.Theadvantagesofwastemicrofactories.D.Theshockingscaleofwastemicrofactories.14.Whatdoes“re-form”inParagraph3refertoaccordingtoSahajwalla?A.Extractingmaterialsfromthewaste.B.Generatingnewmaterialswithwaste.C.Updatingthewholerecyclingprocess.D.Transformingwasteintosimilarproducts.15.Whereisthetextprobablytakenfrom?A.Afictionnovel. B.Abusinessreport.C.Asciencemagazine. D.Achemicaltextbook.第二節(jié)(共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Thinkingaboutthepastweek,didanyofyouforgetwhereyouputyourphone?Didyouhaveawordstuckonthetipofyourtongue?Youcouldn’trememberthenameofthemovieafriendrecommended?Whatisgoingonhere?Isyourmemoryfailing?It’snot.16Despitememory’sextraordinary,necessaryandcommonpresenceinourlives,itisfarfromperfect.Ourbrainsarenotdesignedtorememberpeople’snames,toremembertodosomethinglaterortocatalogueeverythingweexperience.17Eveninthesmartestheads,memoryislikelytobewrong.Sowhatdetermineswhatwerememberandwhatweforget?18Yourmemoryisnotavideocamerarecordingaconstantstreamofeverysightandsoundyou'reexposedto.Youcanonlyrememberwhatyouareconcernedabout.Accordingly,onemajorreasonforforgettingwhatsomeonesaidorwhereyouparkedyourcarislackofattention.Theotherhassomethingtodowithstimulus(刺激物).Forexample,thetipofthetongueisoneofthemostcommonexperiencesofmemoryfailure.19_Whydoesthishappen?Thetipofthetonguecanoccurwhenthere’sonlypartialorweakactivation(激活)ofthenervecellsthatconnecttothewordyou’relookingfor.Sowhenyouwalkintoaroomandsuddenlydon’tknowwhyyou’rethere,you’renotgoingcrazyorgettingAlzheimer’sdisease,andyourmemoryisn’tterrible.Gobacktotheroomyouwereinbeforeyoulandedinthisoneandimaginethecluesthatwerethere.20A.Onenecessaryfactorisattention.B.It’sdoingexactlywhatit'ssupposedtodo.C.Theseimperfectionsaresimplythefactorysettings.D.Ourbrainstendtorememberwhatismeaningfulandforgetwhatisn’t.E.You’retryingtocomeupwithaword,butyoucannotfinditinyourmemory.F.Itwillinstantlydeliverwhatyouwerecompletelyconfusedaboutamomentago.G.Memoryisamazingandisessentialforthefunctioningofalmosteverythingwedo.第二部分語言運用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分)Outsidethebackofthesupermarketwasanelderlylady,holdingabasketofflowersinthecold.“Wouldyoulikesomeflowers?Theyare$3?”sheaskedmeasIwaswalkingpastandI21responded,“No,thankyou.”Iwalkedawayandwentinside.SearchingforwhatIneeded,Ithoughtofthatlady,standinginthecold.22thebeautifulflowersIhadadmired,hergentlevoiceandkindness,Iwonderedaboutherunknown23ofstandingthere.I24myownpersonalstruggles,IhadtobudgetforeverythingandI25even$3wasalotformeatthattime,andprobablyforhertoo.26,itwasn'tmyfirstthoughtwhenshehadaskedmeaboutbuyingherflowers.MyfirstthoughtwasthatIdidn’thavethe27butnotasanexcuse.WhenIwenttothe28topaywithmycard,Iaskedfor$3cashoutfirst.Thestaffmember29meaboutthe$3.Feeling30,ItriedtorememberthemoneyIhadinmyaccountwhenshepressedthebuttontoprocessit.Itwassucharelieftoseeitallhadbeenacceptedbythemachineandthestaffmember31me$3.Iwalkedouttothelady.“Hi,sorry.Unfortunately,Ididn’thavethecashonmethen.Yes,Iwouldliketobuysomeofyourflowers,”Isaid.Igaveher$3asshehandedmetheflowers.Iwas32thatshethenrandomlyaskedmeifIwanted33.Iguessedshewasembarrassedandsaid,“No.Theyareworththemoney.Thankyou.”AsIwalkedaway,IwassecondguessingIcouldhaveofferedhermore.ButwhenIturnedbacktoher,she34andthankedmeagain.I’mthankfulforthisvaluable35we’reallgoingthroughourownproblemsbutkindnessisfreeandnomatterwhatlittlewecandoforothers,itwillalwaysbeappreciated!21.A.seriously B.politely C.confidently D.impatiently22.A.Ignoring B.Buying C.Picturing D.Discovering23.A.story B.secret C.effect D.purpose24.A.benefitedfrom B.gaveup C.putdown D.wentthrough25.A.appreciated B.hoped C.pretended D.agreed26.A.Instead B.Therefore C.However D.Otherwise27.A.right B.courage C.chance D.cash28.A.receptionist B.register C.bankclerk D.cashmachine29.A.informed B.questioned C.reminded D.warned30.A.anxious B.happy C.proud D.desperate31.A.fined B.charged C.lent D.handed32.A.ashamed B.surprised C.excited D.worried33.A.truth B.help C.change D.permission34.A.wandered B.admitted C.whispered D.declined35.A.lesson B.principle C.adventure D.challenge第二節(jié)(共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。OnJuly19,2013,agirlwhowascomingto10signeduponWeibowiththenickname“frogprincessGuAiling,”andshehaspostedsomepicturesofherdifferentskiing36(compete).ThenicknamecamefromGu’sfirsthelmetwhenshestartedskiing,37wasgreenandhadacrownandapinkhairpinonit,accordingtomediareports.GufirstwentintopublicviewonJune6,2019,whenshe38(announce)onWeibothatshewouldrepresentTeamChinaintheBeijing2022WinterOlympics.Inthesamemonth,Guchangedher39(register)nationalityfromtheUStoChinaontheofficialwebsiteoftheInternationalSnowFederation(FIS).Duetothesensitivityabout40(switch)nationalityandlackofattentiononwintersports,Gudidnotattractmuchenthusiasminthefirstplace.Overthenexttwoyears,shewon12gold41(medal)forChina.Moreandmorepeoplebecomefamiliar42Gu,agirlwholovestoeatdumplingsandPekingroastduck,43(particular)whentheyfoundoutthatGu’sPutonghuawithaBeijingaccentist4morestandardthantheirown.

AndnooneinChinadoubted44(she)fromapatrioticstandpoint.Somehavenoticedthatthere’s45“Chinesedragon”onGu’ssportsweartowinthegoldmedal.第三部分寫作(共兩節(jié)，滿分40分)第一節(jié)(滿分15分)假定你是李華，校學(xué)生會主席。學(xué)生會計劃舉辦“中國傳統(tǒng)美食節(jié)”的活動，請你給外教Mary寫封郵件，邀請她參加。內(nèi)容包括：1.時間和地點；2.活動：學(xué)習(xí)制作、共同品嘗美食等。注意：1.詞數(shù)80左右。2.可適當(dāng)增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫。____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________第二節(jié)(滿分25分)閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)所給情節(jié)進行續(xù)寫，使之構(gòu)成一個完整的故事。Afteraverymeaningfulconversationwithmydadabouttheolddays,wecameupwithanobjectthatwebothrememberedclearly.Itwasmyveryfirstbicycle.MymindtoldmeIgotitwhenIwasseven,whowascheatedtorideitforfiftyyardsalonethefirsttimeItried!Mydadputtogetherallthesmallpiecesofthebicyclefromabeautifulmaterialthathecalled,“Yourowncar.”O(jiān)fcourseIknewhehadsomemagicalability,butIdidn’tthinkhecouldmakesucha