高考英語(yǔ)新題型閱讀表達(dá)專(zhuān)題復(fù)習(xí)

閱讀表達(dá)題是是一種綜合性的題型，既考查學(xué)生的閱讀理解能力，又考查書(shū)面表

達(dá)能力，真可謂“一箭雙雕”！同時(shí)，這類(lèi)題目不但選材新穎、時(shí)代性強(qiáng)，而且體裁多

樣、結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)、層次分明，是一種不錯(cuò)的試題。然而，同學(xué)們對(duì)這一新題型卻感到束

手無(wú)策，不知從何下筆。針對(duì)這一情況，我們應(yīng)在平時(shí)的訓(xùn)練中要不斷總結(jié)做題方法，

探索答題規(guī)律，掌握這類(lèi)題目的解題技巧。下面讓我們一起對(duì)這個(gè)新題型來(lái)個(gè)“庖丁

解牛”，全面剖析一下它的內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)。

通過(guò)對(duì)近幾年高考試題的研究，我們不難發(fā)現(xiàn)這類(lèi)試題的設(shè)題題型有以下幾種：

主旨概括題、句子替換題、句子填空題、翻譯句子題、封閉性問(wèn)題和開(kāi)放性問(wèn)題等。

為了易于掌握，我們分別進(jìn)行分析。

一、主旨概括題

1.這類(lèi)題目的設(shè)題方式有：Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?Whatwouldbea

propertitleforthepassageQWhatisthemainideaofthepassage?Whatdoesthepassage

mainlydiscussed?Whatthepurposeofthepassage?等。（后面有嚴(yán)格字?jǐn)?shù)限制）

2.解題技巧；這類(lèi)問(wèn)題要求我們理解全文后對(duì)文章標(biāo)題或大意進(jìn)行概括。我們要

做到：①在概括標(biāo)題時(shí)，要做到精辟、簡(jiǎn)潔，注意書(shū)寫(xiě)格式和字?jǐn)?shù)限制。標(biāo)題可以概

括成短語(yǔ)，有時(shí)也可是一個(gè)短句。書(shū)寫(xiě)時(shí)要注意：標(biāo)題第一個(gè)單詞和實(shí)詞的首字母要

大寫(xiě)如：AdviceonListening,也可以全部字母都大寫(xiě)如：ADVICEONLISTENING,

還可以只是標(biāo)題的開(kāi)頭字母大寫(xiě)其他所有字母都小寫(xiě)如：Adviceonlisteningo另外，

如果由于時(shí)間限制難以把握文章主題我們可以把出現(xiàn)頻率高的詞或短語(yǔ)作標(biāo)題，不過(guò)

這只是在迫不得己的情況下采用的捷徑。

②在概括文章大意時(shí)，我們要把握作者的觀點(diǎn)、態(tài)度，捕捉與題目相關(guān)信息。抓

住文章的首尾段和各段的首尾句是做好該題的關(guān)鍵，因?yàn)槲恼碌拇笠庖丛陂_(kāi)頭交

待，要么在結(jié)尾總結(jié)概括。只要我們掌握好以上兩點(diǎn)，主旨概括題就會(huì)很容易作答。

二、句子替換題

1.這類(lèi)題目的設(shè)題方式有:Whichsentenceinthepassagecanbereplacedbythe

followingone?Whichsentenceinthetextistheclosestinmeaningtothefollowingone?

2.解題技巧：這類(lèi)問(wèn)題要求我們透徹理解題意,分清句子結(jié)構(gòu)，因?yàn)槌鲱}者往往

從一詞多意、同義詞辨析、句型轉(zhuǎn)換等方面進(jìn)行設(shè)題。只要我們從句子入手，抓住關(guān)

鍵詞、尋找突破口，準(zhǔn)確判斷習(xí)慣用法和特殊句式，就能輕而易舉地找出文章出現(xiàn)的

對(duì)應(yīng)句子。需要說(shuō)明的是，大家在抄寫(xiě)是一定要認(rèn)真、仔細(xì)，不要由于"筆下誤''造成

不必要的失分。

三、句子填空題

1.這類(lèi)題目的設(shè)題方式一般是：Fillintheblankin...withproperwords/aproper

setence.（后面有字?jǐn)?shù)限制）

2.解題技巧：把握語(yǔ)境和上下文之間的邏輯關(guān)系是作好該類(lèi)題目的關(guān)鍵。我們?cè)?/p>

作答時(shí)一定要全面理解文章語(yǔ)境，仔細(xì)分析出題者的意圖，弄清語(yǔ)句間的遞進(jìn)、并列、

轉(zhuǎn)折、因果等關(guān)系，從而確定需要填寫(xiě)的短語(yǔ)或句子。這就要求我們平時(shí)一定積累一

些表達(dá)句意邏輯關(guān)系的連詞或短語(yǔ)，如but,what'smore,asaresult,insummary等，以

備考試時(shí)使用。由于有字?jǐn)?shù)限制，我們一定要用簡(jiǎn)練的語(yǔ)言準(zhǔn)確表達(dá)。同時(shí)要注意，

做完題目后一定要用“代入法”進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證，看是否符合文章邏輯和作者的意圖。

四、翻譯句子題

1.這類(lèi)題目的設(shè)題方式有：Translatetheunderlinedsentencein

the...paragraph/passageintoChinese?

2.解題技巧：這類(lèi)題目主要考查學(xué)生理解英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)句中詞匯、句法、語(yǔ)法、習(xí)語(yǔ)、

和特殊句式的能力。我們一定全面要結(jié)合文章整體，認(rèn)真分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)以及句子中出

現(xiàn)的特殊語(yǔ)法現(xiàn)象來(lái)作答。翻譯時(shí)，一定要注意句子的通順性，既要遵循原文又要符

合英漢表達(dá)習(xí)慣。切忌把單個(gè)詞語(yǔ)一一翻譯，然后拼湊在一起，造成文不達(dá)意，鬧出

笑話(huà)。

五、封閉性問(wèn)題和開(kāi)放性問(wèn)題

1.這類(lèi)題目的設(shè)題方式有:Whatadviceisgiveninthe...paragraph?Whichofthe

suggestionsdoyouthinkisthebestforyou?Andwhy?Whatdoyouthinkof...?What

shouldwedoif...?Whatdoyoulearnfromthepassage?等。

解題技巧：在答題之前要認(rèn)真審題，弄清問(wèn)題要求，回答應(yīng)具有針對(duì)性，要緊扣

題目，既要完整，又要簡(jiǎn)潔；同時(shí)還要注意語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用的準(zhǔn)確性、得體性；要注意問(wèn)題

后的字?jǐn)?shù)耍求，切忌超出各個(gè)題目所要求的字?jǐn)?shù)范圍；耍保持書(shū)寫(xiě)清楚、工整，卷面

整潔、干凈。封閉性問(wèn)題要求忠于原文給出答案，不需陳述自己觀點(diǎn)。開(kāi)放性問(wèn)題要

求我們針對(duì)作者觀點(diǎn)進(jìn)行展開(kāi)論述，可以對(duì)作者的觀點(diǎn)進(jìn)行闡述，也可以提出自己的

見(jiàn)解。這就要求我們正確分析試題是封閉性還是開(kāi)放性的問(wèn)題，確定題目類(lèi)型后我們

才能有目的的進(jìn)行作答。需要說(shuō)明的是，作封閉式題目時(shí)，我們要認(rèn)真審題，在文中

找到明確依據(jù)，回答時(shí)要有針對(duì)性，語(yǔ)言要完整簡(jiǎn)潔，避免答非所問(wèn)。作開(kāi)放性題目

時(shí)，我們一定要在把握文章主旨的前提下，直截了當(dāng)?shù)仃愂鲎约菏煜さ挠^點(diǎn)看法，陳

述要有說(shuō)服力。如果文中有提示，我們可以結(jié)合原文找出相應(yīng)答案；如果沒(méi)有提示，

我們可以結(jié)合自己經(jīng)驗(yàn)自由發(fā)揮。雖然允許我們自由發(fā)揮、突出個(gè)性，但是我們要做

到言簡(jiǎn)意賅、符合時(shí)代要求，遵循大眾思維，遵守國(guó)家法律法規(guī)。因?yàn)槿魏畏磩?dòng)言論，

都不會(huì)得民心、順民意的。作為為國(guó)家選拔人才的高考同樣會(huì)對(duì)這一點(diǎn)有嚴(yán)格要求。

以2008年閱讀表達(dá)試題為例來(lái)看具體的方法：

(1)Thewordaddictionusuallymakesyouthinkofalcoholordrugs,butin

modern-daysocietyweareseeingsomenewkindsofaddictions.Somepeopleare

compulsive(難以自制的)shoppers.Othersfinditimpossibletopullthemselvesaway

fromtheirwork.StillothersspendcountlesshourswatchingTVorplayingcomputer

games.

(2)Overtheyears,shoppinghasbecomeaverycommonactivity.Manypeopleenjoy

goingtostoresmoreandmoreeveryday,butit'smorethanacommonhobbyforsomeof

them.Theyhaveturnedintoshopaholics.Theyarepeoplewhosimplyenjoyshoppingand

walkingaroundspendingmoneywithoutbeingabletostopdoing.Theyarcbookedon

shoppingandusuallybuythingsthattheydon'tneed.Eventhoughtheydon'thaveenough

money,theybuyeverythingtheywant.

(3)Thequestionis,whydotheyhavethisaddiction?Thereisn'taspecificanswer.

Somepeoplegoshoppingwhentheyaresad,worried,upsetorlonelyandtheywanttofeel

better.Theyusethisactivityasawaytoforgettheirproblems.Shopaholicssaytheyfeel

moreimportantandbetteraftertheybuysomething.Theyalsotendtohavethisaddition

whentheyfeciguilty.

(4)Shopaholismseemstobeharmlessaddiction,butitcan.Someofthemcan

bepsychological.Ifthisisthecase,peopleaddictedtoshoppingshouldgotoasupport

grouptohelpthembreakthishabit.However,theprocess,likeformostaddictions,islong,

andtheysufferalot.Itcanalsocausefinancialproblems.Theyjustthinkaboutsatisfying

theirfeelings,sotheyspendmoneytheydon'thave.Theygetdeepindebt,andtheycan

evengobankruptandgetsenttoprison.

76.Listthreeactivitiesthatmightdevelopintoaddictionsbasedonthetest.(Please

answerwithin8words)

①②③

77.WhatisthemainidesoftheParagraph3?(Pleaseanswerwithin8words)

78.FillintheblankinParagraph4withproperwords.(Pleaseanswerwithin6words)

79.Whichsentenceinthetextistheclosestinmeaningtothefollowingone?

Accordingly,theseshopaholicsshouldturntoacertainorganizationforhelpsothat

theycanstopcompulsiveshopping.

8().TranslatetheunderlinedsentenceinParagraph2intoChinese.

以上2008年閱讀表達(dá)試題是關(guān)于“購(gòu)物成癮''現(xiàn)象的探討。

76.【參考答案】

shopping,drinking,playing,computergames,working,WatchingTV,taking

drugs(答出具中二種即可，不根據(jù)原文回答不得分)。答題的動(dòng)詞形式可采月動(dòng)名詞、

不定式和原形。但是3個(gè)空相加不超過(guò)8個(gè)單詞。

【解題指導(dǎo)】本題是列舉文中的事實(shí)題。這類(lèi)試題可以在文章中直接找到答案，

有些則要我們?cè)诶斫獾幕A(chǔ)上將有關(guān)內(nèi)容系統(tǒng)化才能找到。做此類(lèi)題的方法一般是先

用尋讀法找出與問(wèn)題相關(guān)的詞語(yǔ)或句子，再對(duì)相關(guān)的部分進(jìn)行細(xì)讀，找出正確答案。

77.【參考答案】

Thereasonwhysomepeople/shopaholicshaveshoppingaddiction

Thepossiblereasonsforshopaholics/shoppingaddiction

答案中含有表達(dá)原因的詞、短語(yǔ)或句型給1分；有表達(dá)購(gòu)物的詞、短語(yǔ)或句型給

1分、有表達(dá)成癮性的詞、短語(yǔ)或句型給1分。reason/reasons都視為正確。

【解題指導(dǎo)】本題是總結(jié)段落（主旨）大意題。這類(lèi)試題要迅速地剔除文中的細(xì)

節(jié)事實(shí)或者作者所使用的論據(jù)，找到各段的主題句，然后進(jìn)行歸納、總結(jié)和概括，即

分清主旨和細(xì)節(jié)；要注意文章所表現(xiàn)出的特殊性；概括出來(lái)的中心意思一定要能夠覆

蓋全文或整個(gè)段落，絕對(duì)不可離題太遠(yuǎn)、太籠統(tǒng)或者只概括一段或幾句話(huà)的意思，即

以偏概全。

78.【參考答案】

cause/bringabout/resultinmanyproblems

本題屬于續(xù)寫(xiě)（完成）句子試題。從閱卷現(xiàn)場(chǎng)來(lái)看，正答率較低。這一句是本段

的主題句，下文講了“購(gòu)物狂''導(dǎo)致了兩方面的問(wèn)題，可造成心理方面的影響；亦可出

現(xiàn)財(cái)政（經(jīng)濟(jì)）方面的問(wèn)題。因此本題的答案應(yīng)是causemanyproblems。而不少考

生只顧這一段上半部分的意義，“心理方面”的影響而寫(xiě)成dohanntoone'shealth,這

類(lèi)考生實(shí)際上以偏概全，沒(méi)有有效地把握上下文的邏輯關(guān)系。也有考生用詞不準(zhǔn)確，

使用bringoutserious（big,lotof）results.

【解題指導(dǎo)】回答該類(lèi)問(wèn)題時(shí)，考生必須從大意整體考慮。并且一定要注意弄清

上下文之間的邏輯關(guān)系，例如遞進(jìn)、并列、對(duì)比、轉(zhuǎn)折、目的、因果等等；一定要注

意句子的結(jié)構(gòu)、時(shí)態(tài)和動(dòng)詞形式；答完后要檢查一下，看上下文是否通順，能否恢復(fù)

文章作者原本想表達(dá)的思想、內(nèi)容或意圖。

79.【參考答案】

Ifthisisthecase,peopleaddictedtoshoppingshouldgotoasupportgrouptohelp

thembreakthishabit.

【解題指導(dǎo)】本題屬于尋找文意相同句。該類(lèi)題目比較簡(jiǎn)單。因此，考生應(yīng)盡可

能在該題上不丟分；該類(lèi)題目相當(dāng)于傳統(tǒng)閱讀理解試題中的同義轉(zhuǎn)換，即用不同的語(yǔ)

言表達(dá)方式表述相同的內(nèi)容、意義，所以要求考生能夠識(shí)別表達(dá)相同意義的K同文字。

8（）.【參考答案】

他們購(gòu)物成癮，而且通常買(mǎi)的都是用不找的東西。

他們購(gòu)物上癮，常買(mǎi)些不需要的東西。

本題的翻譯題重點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)是behookedon和定語(yǔ)從句thingsthattheydon'tneed。特

別是behookedon的設(shè)計(jì)點(diǎn)很有創(chuàng)意，hook一詞新課題標(biāo)準(zhǔn)要求掌握的詞，但是，

試題中的hook的意思是引申義。在本文中，作者在說(shuō)明探討的是“購(gòu)物狂”現(xiàn)象。因

此behookedon的意思是“成癮”。也有考生對(duì)翻譯的技巧掌握還不夠熟練，翻譯出來(lái)

的句子也不夠順暢。例如，有的考生把上句翻譯成“他們被鉤在買(mǎi)東西上（或者：他

們被買(mǎi)東西所吸引住了）”；而有些考生把hook一詞翻譯成了“熱愛(ài)、熱心、專(zhuān)注、

依賴(lài)、喜歡、樂(lè)意、總是”等意思、，這顯然與文意相去甚遠(yuǎn)。

【解題指導(dǎo)】做句子翻譯題應(yīng)該把握好原文的句子結(jié)構(gòu)和表達(dá)方式，在準(zhǔn)確、充

分、全面理解原文意思的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行翻譯，譯文要忠實(shí)于原文；要結(jié)合原文文體和句

子所在的情境進(jìn)行翻譯，語(yǔ)氣、措辭等要符合文體特點(diǎn)和句子所在情境；譯文一定要

符合漢語(yǔ)的表達(dá)習(xí)慣，不一定要完全按照英文字面的意思和順序進(jìn)行翻譯；文字要清

楚、規(guī)范、簡(jiǎn)練，不要重復(fù)或含糊不清。

另外，高考試題也可能出現(xiàn)其他題型，例如開(kāi)放性問(wèn)題。開(kāi)放性問(wèn)題是緊扣文章

的主題設(shè)計(jì)的，但答案并不唯一，多為陳述個(gè)人見(jiàn)解、個(gè)人態(tài)度、個(gè)人喜好等問(wèn)題，

答此類(lèi)題時(shí)耍注意英文表達(dá)正確，符合要求，緊扣文章的主題來(lái)回答，不要超過(guò)限制

字?jǐn)?shù)。

閱讀表達(dá)練習(xí)

【專(zhuān)題考案】(1)

AmericanvoterswenttothepollsonTuesdaytoelectanewpresident,whoisalso

thechiefexecutiveoftheUSgovernmentandcommander-in-chiefoftheUSmilitary.

However,Americansdonotvotedirectlyforapresidentialcandidate.Instead,theychoose

theelectorswhorepresenttheminchoosingthepresident.Inmoststates,thenamesofthe

electorsdonotappearontheballotatall.Instead,theballot(選票)saysthatvotersare

selectingthe'"electorsfbr”.Thisisfollowedbythenamesofthecandidatesforoffice.The

numberofelectoralvotesinastateisequaltothenumberofsenators.Eachstatehastwo

senators.Butthenumberofhouserepresentativesastatehasisbasedonthesizeofits

population.So,thenumberofelectorsvariesfromstatetostate.Amajorityof270

electoralvotesoutofatotalof538isneededforvictory.

Inmoststates,thewinnerofthepopularvotegetsallofthestate'selectoral

votes.Thisisa''winnertakessystem.Theelectorsfromeachslalemeelandofficially

voteforihcpresidentandvicepresidcnlonihefirstMondayafterihesecondWednesday

inDecemberoftheelectionyear.But,awinnerisusuallydeclarednotlongafterthe

election,basedonthepopularvote.ThisElectoralCollegesystemhasbeenoperatingsince

1788.ItwasestablishedbecausesomeofthefoundingfatherswantedCongresstoelectthe

president,while.Thesystemrepresentsacompromisebetweenthesetwo

desires.

1.What'sthetitleofthepassage?(6words)

2.Completethesentenceinthelastparagraph.

3.TranslatetheunderlinedsentenceintoChinese.

4.WhatdocommonAmericansvotefor?(15words)

5.WhatcandecidethenumberofHouserepresentativesofeachstate?(5words)

(2)

Ifyouareworriedaboutthingsandareunderalotofstressatworkorschool,then

youareprobablynotsleepingwell.Worrycankeepyouawake,tossingandturninginbed

untiltheearlyhoursofthemorningwhenyoueventuallyfallasleep.Whenyouwakeup.

youdon'tfbelre什eshed,buttiredandwornoutandunabletofaceanewday.

Dr.HenryWinkle,inarecentnewspaperarticleentitledStressandSleep,indicates

that.Dr.Winklesays,“Themoreweworry,thelesswesleep,themoreweare

unabletodealwithstress.Ifwccanfindawaytogetagoodnight'ssleep,“headds,“wc

canoftenfindtheenergytodealwithwhafsworryingus.”

So,whatisagoodnight'ssleep?Researchshowsthattheamountofsleepwhich

peopleneedinordertokeephealthyvariesalot.Sevenhoursinabouttheaverageamount,

thoughstrangelyenough,sleepinglongeroftengivesyouaheadacheinsteadofmaking

youfeelmorerefreshed.

Dr.Winklebelievesthatpreparingforsleepingisimportant.Peoplewhoworklateshould

trytogivethemselvesashortbreakanddosomethingrestfulbeforegoingtobed.This

couldbewatchingTVorlisteningtomusic.Doingsomeexerciseearlierinthedayshould

helpyoutofeelphysicallyaswellasmentallytired.Abedtimedrinkcanalsohelp,but

coffeeorteashouldbeavoidedastheycontaincaffeineandwillkeepyouawake."When

youputthelightout,"Dr.Winklesays,^concentrateonrelaxingyourmuscles,working

slowlyupfromyourfeet,andyou?11beasleepbeforeyouknowit.”

1.Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?(Pleaseanswerwithin10words)

2.Whichsentenceinthepassagecanbereplacedbythefollowingone?

Peopleshouldn'tgotosleepimmediatelybutshouldlakeabreakafterworkinglateinthe

night.

3.Pleasefillintheblankinthesecondparagraphwithproperwordsorphrasestocomplete

thesentence.(Pleaseanswerwithin10words)

4.Someonesaysthatthelongeryousleep,thebetteryoufeel.Trytofindsomearguments

fromthepassageagainsttheidea.(Pleaseanswerwithin3。words)

5.TranslatetheunderlinedsentenceinthefirstparagraphintoChinese.

(3)

Youmightbereadingthisarticleandsaying,uHey,thatsoundsjustlikeme!”Ifso,

we'regladyourecognizethatthishappenstoyou.Nowyoucanstarttakingstepstolessen

yourtestanxiety.Herearesomewaystodothat:

Askk)rhelp.Talktoyourmomordad,yourteacher,oryourschoolguidance

counselor.Justtalkingtosomeoneabouttestanxietycanmakeyoufeelbetter.Describe

whathappenstoyouwhenyou'retakingatestandthesepeoplecanhelpyoufigureout

somesolutions.Forinstance,learningstudyskillscanboostyourtest-dayconfidence.

Beprepared.Payattentioninclass.Doyourhomework.Studyforthetest.Ontestday,

you'remorelikelytofeellikeyouknowthematerial.

Blockbadthoughts.Watchoutforanynegativemessagesyoumightbesending

yourselfaboutthetest('Tmnogoodattakingtests"or"I'mgoingtofreakourifIgeta

badgrade").Thesethoughtscanmakeanxietyworseandmakeitharderfbryoutodowell

onthetest.

.Everyonemakesmistakes.Bemoreforgivingofyourownmistakes,

especiallyifyoupreparedforthetestandaresettodoyourbest.

Breathebetter.OK,soyoualreadyknowhowtobreathe.Butdidyouknowthat

breathingexercisescanhelpcalmyoudown?(Justtrynottotakeintoomuchairbecause

itmightmakeyoufeeldizzy.)Here'showtodoit:Inhale(breathein)slowlyanddeeply

throughyournose,andthenexhale(breatheout)slowlythroughyourmouth.DothisIwo

t。fourtimesandyoujustmightbreatheeasierthenexttimeyou'retakingatest!

1.Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?(Pleaseanswerwithin10words)

2.Whichsentenceinthepassagecanbereplacedbythefollowingone?

Havingtoomanynegativemessagesinmindleadstoworsetestanxiety,whichmay

stopyoudoingwellonthetest.

3.Pleasefillintheblankinthelastbutoneparagraphwithproperwordsorphrasesto

completethesentence.(Pleaseanswerwithin10words)

4.Whichofthetipsdoyouthinkisthemostuseful?

(Pleaseanswerwithin30words)

5.Translatetheunderlinedsentenceinthe6thparagraphintoChinese.

(4)

Thesedaysagreenbuildingmeansmorethanjustthecolorofthepaint.Greenbuilding

canalsorefertoenvironmentallyfriendlyhouses,factories,andoffices.

Greenbuildingmeans""reducingtheimpact(影響)ofthebuildingontheland"，Taryn

HolowkaoftheU.S.GreenBuildingCouncilinWashington,D.C.,said.

AccordingtoHolowaka,buildingaccountfor65percentoftotalU.S.electricityuse.

Butgreenbuildingcanreduceenergyandwateruse.Also,thebuildingsareoften

locatednearpublictransportationsuchasbusesandsubways,.That

couldbegoodforiheenvironment,becausecarsuselotsofgasandgiveoffpollution.

Greenbuildingsareoficnbuiltondevelopedland,sothatthebuildingsdon'tdestroy

forests.

MaryDettlingisprojectmangerforabuildingthatputtheseideasintoaction.The

Solairehasbeencalledthecountry'sfirstgreenhigh-risebuilding.AccordingtoDettling,

"We'rereducedourenergyusebyone-thirdandourwaterby50percent,”.

TheSolairealsohaslightsthatautomaticallyturnoffwhenpeopleleavetheroom.In

addition,thebuildinghaslotsofwindows,allowingpeopletousethesunforlightduring

theday.TheSolairecutswaterreusingit.

Noteveryoneiseagertomoveintoagreenbuilding,however.Somepeoplethinkthat

thingslikesola】panelscostmoremoneythanmoreiraditionalenergysources.Anyhow,

Holowakasaid."It'sgoingtobebig.”

1.Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?(pleaseanswerwithin1()words)

2.Whichsentenceinthepassagecanbereplacedbythefollowingone?

Greenbuildingwillbecomepopularinfuture.

3.Pleasefillintheblankinthefourthparagraphwithproperwordsorphrasestocomplete

thesentence.(Pleaseanswerwithinin1()words.)

4.Doyouthinkagreenbuildingisbetterthanacommonbuilding?Why?(Pleaseanswer

within30words.)

5.TranslatetheunderlinesentenceinthefourthparagraphintoChinese.

(5)

FormostAmericans,acleanglassofwaterisiustamatterofluiriingonafaucet(水

龍頭.Butformanyoftheworld'spoorest,it'shaidtoget.

OnWednesday,theUnitedNations(UN)markedWorldWaterDaybytryingtocutthe

numberofpeoplewithoutgooddrinkingwater-onebillionhumanbeingsworldwide-inhalf.

Inthenexttenyears,theUNwillworkwithgovernmentsaroundtheworldtoreducethe

shortage.

Withoutcleanwaternearby,manypeopleusewater.

InIndia,manypeoplebatheandwashtheirclothesinrivers(hatarepollutedbyhuman

waste.

AccordingtotheUN,nothavingenoughcleanwaterandsanitationcausesmorethan

threemilliondeathsayear.

“Thelinksbetweenwaterandhumanheatharepowerful,''saidDrLeeJongWook,

director-generaloftheWorldHealthOrganization(WHO).4tWccannotlivewithoutclean

water.”

Infact,theInternationalFederationoftheRedCrosssaidthatquickreactionafterlast

year'sAsiantsunami(海嘯)hadstoppeddisease.Theagencyprovidedcleanwatertonearly

50(),()0()peopleinIndonesiaandSriLankaafterthetsunami.

WorldWaterDaywasfirstcelebratedin1993.Sincethen,itiscelebratedeachyearon

March22.

I.Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?

2.Whichsentenceinthepassagecanbereplacedbythisone?

Thequalityofthewateriscloselyconnectedwithhumanhealth.

3.WhatdidtheInternationalFederationoftheRedCrossdoafterthetsunami?Andwhy?

4.Pleasefillintheblankinthethirdparagraphwithproperwordsorphrasestocomplete

thesentence.

5.TranslatethefirstparagraphintoChinese.

(6)

IntheUnitedStates,traintransportationisunpopularcomparedwithcarsand

airplanes.Mostpeopleliketravelingbycarorbyair.

OfficialsoftheUnitedStatesDepartmentofTransportationmadeastudyin2001.

ThestudyisabouthowmanymilesAmericanstraveledbydifferentmeansof

transportation.Theyonlystudiedtripslongerthan5()miles.Thestudyshowedthat

fifty-sixpercentofallmilesweretraveledinpersonalvehicle.Forty-onepercentwere

traveledinanairplane.Twopercentweretraveledinabus.Andlessthanonepercentof

milesweretraveledinatrain.

AmtrakisthenationalprovideroftraintransportationintheUnitedStates.Inthe

pasttenyears,thenumberofitspassengershasincreasedbyeighteenpercent.Although

thenumberofpassengershasincreased,itisstillverysmallnow.Incountriessuchas

France,Germany,orJapan,morepeopleusetrains.

Thereareseveralreasonswhymanypeople.

Firstly,Americanslovetodrivetheirowncars.Onhighways,carscantravelasfast

astrains.ThesehighwaysconnectallmajorcitiesinAmerica.Secondly,manytravelers

liketobeindependent.Whentheyusetheirowncarstheycandecidewhentotravel.

Thirdly,manybusestravelbetweenmajorcities.Bustravelislesscostlythantraintravel.

InahugecountryliketheUnitedStates,citiesarefarawayfromeachother.In

somecases,travelfromonecitytoanotherbytrainmaytakemorethanaday.Airplanes

cancarrypassengersoverlongdistancesmuchfaster.Peoplewhodonotwarntospend

longtimetravelingbytraindecidetofly.Forthesepeoplesavingtimeisthemost

importantthing.

1.Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?(Pleaseanswerwithin10words.)

2.Whichsentenceinthepassagecanbereplacedbythefollowingone?

It'sconvenientforpeopletodecidethestart-offtimewhentheytravelintheirowncars.

3.Pleasefillintheblankinthefourthparagraphwithproperwordsorphrasestocomplete

thesentence^Pleaseanswerwithin1()words.)

4.Whatmeansoftransportationdoyoulikebestwhentraveling,trains,cars,orplanes?

Why?(Pleaseanswerwithin30words)

5.TranslatetheunderlinedsentencesinthelastparagraphintoChinese.

⑺

Weoftenfeeltrappedwithintheroutinesofoureverydaylives.Inordertoachievea

truestateofrelaxation,wemustmaketimeforuninterruptedleisure.Setasideanhoura

day,orevenadayaweekifyoucan,foryourchosenleisurepursuit.Takeallthenecessary

stepstomakesurethatyouwillnotbecalledawayorinterrupted,andleavethetelephone

offthehook-then,setyourspiritfree.

AcceptChange

Sometimesitseemssafertostaywherewearethantoriskgoingintotheunknown

ortoacceptchange.Butinreality,truerelaxationcomesnotfromtryingtocontrollife's

naturalflow,butfromallowingourselvestobecarriedalongbythatflowwithoutfearof

thefuture,ornostalgia(留戀)forthepast.

BelieveinYourself

Eachofushasunlimitedpotential>oachieveourgoals—eventhosethalseemthe

mostfa】-reaching.Markoutrealisticsteppingstonestowardyouraims,andtryeachdayto

worktowardreachinganotherstone.Mostimportantly,donotfeeldisappointedif,onone

day,youmakeonlyhalfyourintendedprogress,orevenatall—theact

ofthinkingaboutyourgoalswillhelptobringyouclosertothem.

ValueYourblessings

Weareallgiftedwithspiritualblessings,amongthemhappiness,health,truth,and

innerstillness.Spendtodaybringinghappinesstoyourselfandyourfriendsandfamily.

Tomorrow,eatespeciallyhealthily.Thenextday,betruetoyourself-ifsomethingmakes

youunhappy,trysomethingelse.Thedayafter,spendtimeinquietthinking.Thereward

forbeingrichintheseblessingsisafulfilledandpeacefullife.

1.Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?(Pleaseanswerwithin10words.)

2.Whichsentenceinthepassagecanbereplacedbythefollowingone?

Allthewisheswillbringyouaquietandmeaningfullife.

3.Pleasefillintheblankinthethirdparagraphwithproperwordsorphrasestocomplete

thesentence.(Pleaseanswerwithin10words.)

4.Whichofthesuggestionsdoyouthinkishelpfultoyou?Why?(Pleaseanswerwithin3()

words.)

5.TranslatetheunderlinedsentenceinthesecondparagraphintoChinese.

(8)

Exchangeaglancewithsomeone,andthenlookaway.Doyourealizethatyouhave

madeastatement?Holdtheglanceforasecondlongerandyouhavemade

.Holditfor3seconds,andthemeaninghaschangedagain.Forevery

socialsituation,thereisapermissibletimethatyoucanholdaperson'sgazewithoutbeing

intimate,rude,oraggressive.Ifyouareonanelevator,whatgaze-timeareyoupermitted?

Toanswerthisquestion,considerwhatyoutypicallydo.Youmaylikelygiveother

passengersaquickglancetosizethemupandtoassurethemthatyoumeannothreat.

Sincebeingclosetoanotherpersonsignalsthepossibilityofinteraction,youneedtosend

outasignaltellingothersyouwanttobeleftalone.Soyoucutoffeyecontactswhat

sociologistErvingGoffiman(1963)calls“adimmingofthelights”.Youlookdownatthe

floor,attheindicatorlights,anywherebutintoanotherpassenger'seyes.Shouldyoubreak

thenileagainststaringatastrangeronanelevator,youwillmaketheotherperson

CKtremelyuncomfortable,andyouarelikelytofeelabitstrangeyourself.

Ifyouholdeyecontactsformorethan3seconds,whatareyoutellinganother

person?Muchdependsonthepersonandthesituation.Forinstance,amanandawoman

communicateinterestinthismanner.Theytypicallygazeateachotherforabout3seconds

atatime,andthendroptheireyesdownfor3seconds,beforelettingtheireyesmeetagain.

Butifonemangivesanothermana3-second-plusstare,hesignals,4iknowyou"."Iam

interestedinyou."or"YoulookpeculiarandIamcuriousaboutyou."Thistypeofstare

oftenproduceshostilefeelings.

1.WhatcanbeinfeiTedfromthefirstparagraph?(within10words).

2.PleasetranslatetheunderlinedpartintoChinese.

3.Fillintheblankwithproperwords(within10words).

4.Whichsentenceinthepassagecanbereplacedbythefollowing?

Youmighthaveaglimpseoftheotherstoletthemmakesurethatyouarenotadanger.

5.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalksabout?(within15words).

(9)

ComicbooksuperheroSpider-Manusestinyhairsonhisfingertipstoclimbup

walls.Buthecouldhavehadanothersecre\weapontohelphimstick.Scientistshavenow

foundIhalsomespiderscanalsomakesilkiniheirfeel,whichmaysometimeshelpihem

getafkmergriponasurface.

Spidersaregoodatgrippingwallswiththeirlegs.Thousandsoflittlehairsontheir

feetmakeitpossible.Totestwhetherspidersalsomakethesehairswettoimprovegrip,

scientistswatchedzebratarantulascrawlupglassslides.

When\heytilted(使傾斜)aglassslideunlililwasalmostvertical,ihespiderslipped

afewmillimetersbeforeattachingitselfagain.Thescientistsweresurprisedtoseelittle

threadsstretchingfromitsfeettotheslide.Whentheystudiedthespider'sfeetundera

specialmicroscope,theyfoundtinysilk-shootingspouts(吐出)amongthehairs.

Thiswasasurprisebecausescientistshadpreviouslythoughtspidersonlyusespecial

organsneartheirstomachstomakesilk.

It'spossiblethat,alongtimeago,feetwerethefirstbodypartsofspiderstoproduce

silk.Onlylaterintheirevolutionaryhistorydidspidersdevelopspinneretsontheir

abdomenstoproducesilkforwebs.

Ifso,theresearcherssay,thiscouldmeanthatthesilk'soriginalpurposewasto

,ratherthantobuildhomesortrapprey(獵物).

1.Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?(Pleaseanswerwithin10words.)

2.Whichsentenceinthepassagecanbebestreplacedbythefollowingone?

Ithasbeendiscoveredthatthesilkspoutedfromthefeetofthespiderscanassistthemto

getattachedonobjects.

3.Fillintheblankwithproperwordsorphrases.(Pleaseanswerwithin10words.)

4.TranslatetheunderlinedsentenceintoChinese.

5.Whatcanyoulearnfromthisdiscovery?(Pleaseanswerwithin20words.)

(10)

Scientistshaverevealedthe1()commandments(法則)foralongandhappylife.And

therulesevenallowforsunbathing,drinkingalcoholandeatingchocolate.

Thefirstrule,aspublishedintheNewScientistmagazine,istoenjoyyourself.

Married

Secondonthelistisremainingsociable,withahappymarriageandgoodfamilylifebeing

essentialforhealth.

Studieshaveshownthatmarriagecanaddasmuchassevenyearstoaman'slifeandtwo

yearstoawoman'slifb.

ADrink

Socalledviceslikewine,partyingandchocolateprovidethefourthrule,withcountless

studiesshowingthatalittleofwhatyoufancydoesyougoodratherthanharm.

WorkYourBrain

Thefifthrulesaysthatyoushouldexerciseyourbraintostayactive.

LastmonthscientistsatCambridgeUniversitysaidpuzzlescouldhelppreventarangeof

conditions,fromdepressiontoschizophrenia(精神分裂癥).

Knitting,doingcrosswordsorjustwalkingalsohelp.

SeetheDoctor

It'ssimplereally.Ifyou'resick,gettreatmentfast.

EatHealthily

Asiswell-known,youarewhatyoueat.

Scie