考點40應(yīng)用文寫作話題類（解析版）【命題趨勢】 應(yīng)用文寫作包括書信類，通知，演講稿，倡議書，日記等。其中話題類包括中國文化，疫情，學(xué)校生活，網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)，環(huán)境健康等，?？紝懽?，學(xué)生有必要熟記寫作表達(dá)和模式?！局匾枷颉恳?、中國文化，疫情，學(xué)校生活，網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)，環(huán)境健康常用表達(dá)；二、中國文化，疫情，學(xué)校生活，網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)，環(huán)境健康實踐運用；中國文化的常用表達(dá)1.知道你是中國文化的發(fā)燒友，我寫信向你推薦書法體驗角，這是專為對書法有強(qiáng)烈熱情的學(xué)生設(shè)計的。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【參考答案】KnowingthatyouareaChinesecultureenthusiast,I’mwritingtoremendtheCalligraphyExperienceCorner,whichisdesignedforstudentswhohaveaburningpassionforcalligraphy.2.一位北京大學(xué)的專家將在網(wǎng)上給我們講講書法的歷史和杰作，這將是你的盛宴。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【參考答案】AlecturewillbedeliveredonlinebyanexpertfromPekingUniversityinformingusofthehistoryandmasterpiecesofcalligraphy,whichwillbeafeastforyoureyes.3.這是一項包含了中國文化關(guān)于內(nèi)心和平與和諧的大眾活動。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【參考答案】It’sapopularactivitythatcontainsChinesecultureaboutinnerpeaceandharmony.4.更重要的是，在我的業(yè)余時間，我喜歡閱讀有關(guān)中西文化和習(xí)俗的書籍。我想如果你選擇我作為你的顧問，我們一定會互相幫助取得進(jìn)展。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【參考答案】Moreimportantly,inmysparetime,IlovereadingbooksaboutWesternandChinesecultureandcustoms.Ithinkwearesuretohelpeachothermakeprogressifyouchoosemeasyouradviser.5.我很高興聽到你暑假回家，想給你媽媽帶些象征中國文化的禮物。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【參考答案】I’mgladtohearthatyouareingbackhomeduringthesummerholidayandyouwanttobringafewgiftsforyourmotherthatsymbolizetheChineseculture.6.首先，旗袍是中國女性的一種非常漂亮的傳統(tǒng)服飾，可以展現(xiàn)女性的真正美麗，因此我相信你的母親會非常喜歡它。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【參考答案】Firstofall,cheongsam,averybeautifultraditionaldressforChinesewomen,canshowtherealbeautyofawoman,thusIamsurethatyourmotherwilllikeitverymuch.7.更重要的是，中國結(jié)，這是很受中國人歡迎的裝飾，通常掛在我們家的客廳里。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【參考答案】What’smore,theChineseknot,whichisprettydecorationpopularwithChinese,isusuallyhunginthesittingroomofourhome.8.很高興收到你的來信?，F(xiàn)在我很高興在回復(fù)你上一封電子郵件時與你分享一些關(guān)于中國茶文化的信息。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【參考答案】I'mgladtohearfromyou.AndnowI’mveryhappytosharesomethingaboutChineseteacultureinreplytoyourlastemail.

9.中國的茶文化始于4000年前，飲茶逐漸成為一種令人驚嘆的傳統(tǒng)。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【參考答案】Chineseteaculturestartedabout4,000yearsagoanddrinkingteagraduallybecame

anamazingtradition.

10.也許，在我介紹之后，你已經(jīng)大致了解了茶文化。那么，來中國親身體驗一下怎么樣？也許，你會愛上它。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【參考答案】Probably,

you’vegotageneralpictureofteacultureaftermyintroduction.

Then,

howaboutingtoChinatoexperienceityourself?

Maybe,

youwillfallinlovewithit.11.因此，我對沿途的每個城鎮(zhèn)和名勝古跡都非常了解，包括它們的歷史、習(xí)俗和文化。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【參考答案】Therefore,Iknowmuchabout

everytowns,citiesandtheplacesofinterestalongthe

road,includingtheirhistory,customsand

culture.【實戰(zhàn)練習(xí)】假設(shè)你是李華，你的英國同學(xué)David十分熱愛中國文化。請寫一封電子郵件邀請David一同參加江南琴社主辦的一場古琴音樂會，內(nèi)容包括：1.時間：星期天下午3點；2.地點：人民大劇院；

3.演湊家、曲目：鄧麗珠，《流水》參考詞匯：江南琴社JiangnanGuqinSociety；《流水》FlowingWater__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【參考答案】DearDavid,I’mwritingtoinviteyoutojoinmefortheGuqinconcerttobeheldnextweekasIknowyouarequiteinterestedinChineseculture.Guqin,anancientsevenstringedzither,hastraditionallybeenfavouredbyChinesescholarsandliteratiasaninstrumentofgreatsubtletyandrefinement.Foundedin2001,JiangnanGuqinSocietyhaslongbeendevotedtopromotingGuqinmusic.ItwillholdaGuqinconcertinRenmingTheaterat3pmnextSunday.AndthefamousyoungGuqinperformerDengLizhuwillbeplayingaclassicmusicwork,FlowingWater.Writetomesoonifyou’reavailableforthisconcert.Yours,LiHua疫情的常用表達(dá)1.為了讓我們的學(xué)生更好地了解這一流行病并充滿信心，我們希望為抗擊新型冠狀病毒做出貢獻(xiàn)。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【參考答案】Withthepurposeofmakingusstudentsknowtheepidemicbetterandfullofconfidence,contributionsrelatedtofightingagainstthenovelcoronavirusarewanted.2.建議的貢獻(xiàn)形式有：繪畫、書法、攝影、音樂、民間藝術(shù)、剪紙等。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【參考答案】Thefollowingcontributionformsaresuggested:painting,calligraphy,photograph,music,folkart,papercuttingandsoon.3.所有作品都應(yīng)該是原創(chuàng)的、積極的、中肯的。歡迎所有學(xué)生將您的作品發(fā)送至hiclara@163不遲于2020年4月5日。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【參考答案】Alltheworksareexpectedtobeoriginal,positiveandtothepoint.Allofthestudentsareweletosendyourartworkstohiclara@163nolaterthanApr.5,2020.4.在這場流行病中，是你，盡管缺乏設(shè)備和潛在的感染，但拼命拯救那些感染者，卻在為生命而奮斗。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【參考答案】Inthisepidemic,itisyouwho,despitethelackofequipmentandthepotentialof

infection,desperatelyrescuethoseinfectedbutstrivingforlife.5.也正是你們用專業(yè)知識對病毒進(jìn)行了新的了解，以建立我們戰(zhàn)勝病毒的信心。是你值得所有的贊美和愛！對于你無私的貢獻(xiàn)，我永遠(yuǎn)無法表達(dá)我們的感激之情。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【參考答案】Itisalsoyouwho

haveshednewlightontheviruswithexpertisetobuildupourconfidenceto

defeatit.Itisyouwhodeservealltheadmirationandlove!Icanneverexpressourthankfulnesstoomuchforyourselflesscontribution.6.在此，我謹(jǐn)致以衷心的感謝，感謝你們的關(guān)心和關(guān)懷，這無疑是對我們正在進(jìn)行的抗冠狀病毒運動的極大鼓勵和支持。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【參考答案】Withgratefulthanks,I’mwritingtoextendmysincereappreciationforallyourcareandconcern,whichisundoubtedlyagreatencouragementandsupportforourongoinganticoronavirusepidemiccampaign.7.為了阻止這種致命病毒的迅速傳播，家庭隔離是所有中國人的首要任務(wù)。我們城市的每個家庭都被允許每兩天在他們的社區(qū)外購物一次。至于美國學(xué)生，由于各種在線通信應(yīng)用，________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【參考答案】Tocheckthequickspreadofthedeadlyvirus,homequarantineisthetoppriorityforallChinese.Everyfamilyinourcityisallowedtodosomeshoppingoutsidetheirneighborhoodonceeverytwodays.Asforusstudents,thankstovariousonlinemunicationapps,8.我堅信，在全國人民的共同努力下，中國一定會打贏這場戰(zhàn)爭，并迅速恢復(fù)。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【參考答案】I’mdefinitelyconvincedthatwithjointeffortsofthewholenation,Chinawillwinthebattleandmakeaquickrecovery.9.會見中，習(xí)近平向鐘南山頒發(fā)了共和國勛章，向張伯力、張定宇、頒發(fā)了全國“人民英雄”榮譽(yù)稱號，以表彰他們?yōu)閲铱箵簟翱凭S德19”作出的突出貢獻(xiàn)。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【參考答案】Duringthemeeting,XipresentedtheMedaloftheRepublictoZhongNanshan,andthenationalhonorarytitle"People'sHero"toZhangBoli,ZhangDingyu,ChenWeifortheiroutstandingcontributionstothecountry'sfightagainstCOVID19.10.正是這些榜樣和他們“以人為本”的精神，保護(hù)了我們免受可怕病毒的侵襲，拯救了數(shù)百萬人的生命。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【參考答案】It’stherolemodelsandtheirspiritsof“puttingpeople’slivesfirst”thatprotectedusfromthehorriblevirusandsavedmillionsoflives.11.所有的中國人都對他們表示尊敬和崇拜，并決定向他們學(xué)習(xí)，團(tuán)結(jié)起來建設(shè)更好的社區(qū)。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【參考答案】AllChineseshowrespectandworshiptothemanddecidetolearnfromthemtounitetogethertobuildbettermunities.【實戰(zhàn)練習(xí)】假定你是李華，為全面迎接開學(xué)，你市將邀請鐘南山院士舉辦有關(guān)“抗疫”知識的在線講座。請寫信通知目前在某酒店隔離的你校英國留學(xué)生Johnny參加，內(nèi)容包括：1.寫信目的；2.主講人簡介；3.時間和方式：下周三上午9點到11點，釘釘（DingTalk）在線。參考詞匯：COVID19新型冠狀病毒；antiepidemic防疫注意：1.寫作詞數(shù)應(yīng)為80左右；2.請按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。DearJohnny,__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】DearJohnny,Howareyoudoingthesedays?Inordertoweletheopeningofthenewsemester,ourcitywillinviteacademicianZhongNanshantogiveanonlinespeechonantiepidemic.SoI’mwritingtotellyousomethingaboutit.Asisknowntoall,academicianZhongNanshanledtheChinesepeopletoachievegreatsuccessinthefightagainstCOVID19.Inviewofthis,theschoolwillorganizestudentstolearntheknowledgeofantiepidemicthroughDingTalkfrom9amto11amnextWednesday.IbelieveCOVID19willsurelybeoverandwewillhaveabrighterfuture.100學(xué)校生活的常用表達(dá)【開頭段落常用表達(dá)】1.現(xiàn)在，我想通知你有關(guān)新學(xué)期開始的情況。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【參考答案】Now,I’dliketoinformyouofinformationconcerningthestartofthenewterm.2.最近我們一直忙著準(zhǔn)備即將到來的“外語文化節(jié)”。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【參考答案】Recentlywehavebeenoccupiedwiththepreparationfortheing“ForeignLanguageFestival”．【中間段落常用表達(dá)】1.你應(yīng)該在9月1日前到學(xué)校注冊，在那里你應(yīng)該來參加你的第一堂課。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【參考答案】YoushouldregisterattheschoolbeforeSeptember1st,onwhichyoushouldeandattendyourfirstclasses.2.應(yīng)緊急進(jìn)行必要的準(zhǔn)備工作，包括購買日常用品和學(xué)習(xí)材料。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【參考答案】EssentialPreparationsinvolvingpurchasingdailysuppliesandlearningmaterialsshouldbemadeurgently.3.上午，我們將帶您參觀學(xué)校，參觀期間，我們學(xué)校的參觀者和學(xué)生可以相互交流，談?wù)搶W(xué)校生活和文化差異。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【參考答案】Inthemorning,youwillbeshownaroundtheschool,duringwhich,visitorsandstudentsfromourschoolcanmunicatewitheachother,talkingaboutschoollifeandculturaldifferences.4.你好嗎？很高興看到你在漢語學(xué)習(xí)方面取得了一些進(jìn)展，我寫信告訴你下節(jié)課的情況。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【參考答案】Howareyou？GladtoseeyouhavemadesomeprogressinChineselearningandI'mwritingtotellyousomethingaboutournextlesson．5.在課堂上，你將主要學(xué)習(xí)唐詩，它反映了中國傳統(tǒng)文化，深受中國人的喜愛。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【參考答案】Intheclass，youwillmainlylearnTangpoetry，whichreflectstraditionalChinesecultureandisdeeplylovedbyChinese．6.你最好在上課前做好充分的準(zhǔn)備，對唐朝的歷史有一個簡單的了解，這樣你就可以很容易地通過這門課。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【參考答案】You'dbettermakefullpreparationsbeforeclassandhaveabriefunderstandingofthehistoryofTangDynasty，whichmakesiteasyforyoutogothroughtheclass．7.書的影響是如此之大以至于我們的父母總是鼓勵我們養(yǎng)成良好的閱讀習(xí)慣，閱讀更多的書籍。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【參考答案】Theinfluenceofbooksissobigthatourparentsalwaysencourageustoformgoodhabitsofreadingandtoreadmorebooks.8.我們的老師敦促我們養(yǎng)成良好的學(xué)習(xí)習(xí)慣，從長遠(yuǎn)來看，這將對我們有益。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【參考答案】Ourteacherurgesustoformagoodhabitoflearning，whichwillbenefitusinthelongterm.【結(jié)尾段落常用表達(dá)】1.如果有什么需要我?guī)兔Φ?，請盡管告訴我。期待與您見面。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【參考答案】IfthereisanythingthatIcanhelpyou，pleasedon'thesitatetotellme．Lookingforwardtomeetingyou．2.我打賭你一定會抓住這個機(jī)會和那些和你有共同愛好的人交流思想。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【參考答案】Ibetyouwilldefinitelyseizetheopportunitytoexchangeideaswithpeoplewhoshareyourpassion.【實戰(zhàn)練習(xí)】假定你是李華,你的美國朋友Tom來信詢問你的近況。請根據(jù)以下提示給他回復(fù)一封郵件1.

上周剛參加了高三開學(xué)典禮,并代表高三學(xué)生發(fā)言;2.

個人的感受以及對高三的規(guī)劃注意:1.

詞數(shù)100左右。2.

可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié),以使行文連貫。__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】DearTom,Iammorethandelightedtohearfromyou.Everythinghasbeengoingwellwithmesofar.Lastweek,IattendedtheopeningceremonydesignedforSeniorThreestudentsinourschool.Attheceremony,IgaveaspeechonbehalfofalltheSeniorThreestudents,expressingourthankstoalltheteachersfortheirhardworkandhelp.IalsopromisedthatallmyschoolmatesandIwouldmakeeveryefforttoachieveourdreams.Asyouknow,inChina,thestudents,whohavetotakecollegeentranceexaminations,willalwayshaveatoughtimeinthelastyearinseniorhighschool,andsowillI.ButIwilltakethechallengebravely,makingfulluseofmytimetoimprovemystudy,andmeanwhile,tryingtokeepinagoodstatephysically.Bestwishes！Yours,LiHua網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)的常用表達(dá)【開頭段落常用表達(dá)】聽說你沉迷于抖音，我很難過。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【參考答案】IamsorrytohearthatyouaresufferingfromTikTokaddiction.【中間段落常用表達(dá)】1.事實上，越來越多的青少年迷戀TikTok，花費大量時間在網(wǎng)上觀看和分享視頻，這使得他們無法集中精力學(xué)習(xí)。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【參考答案】Actually,itismonlyseenthatmoreandmoreteenagersgetcrazyaboutTikTokandspendalotoftimewatchingandsharingvideosonline,whichmakesthemunabletofocusonstudy.2.另外，你最好通過面對面的交流來結(jié)交更多的朋友。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【參考答案】Besides,youhadbettermakemorefriendsthroughfacetofacemunication.3.然而，許多青少年不注意自己的健康，尤其是在假期。而且他們花太多時間整夜看電視、玩游戲和上網(wǎng)聊天，這對他們的健康有害。首先，這可能使他們近視。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【參考答案】However,manyteenagersdon’tpayanyattentiontotheirhealth,especiallyduringtheholiday.AndtheyspendtoomuchtimewatchingTV,playinggamesandchattingontheInternetallnight,whichisbadfortheirhealth.First,thismaymakethemgetnearsighted.4.第三，他們將失去與他人面對面交流的機(jī)會，因為他們從不外出，這可能會對他們的心理健康產(chǎn)生不良影響。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【參考答案】Thirdly,theywilllosethechancetomunicatewithothersfacetofaceastheynevergoout,whichmayhaveabadeffectontheirmentalhealth.5.正如我們所知，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)是提高我們知識和技能的便捷工具。然而，如果我們沉迷于它，我們的生活將會受到很大的影響。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【參考答案】Asweknow,theInternetisaconvenienttooltoimproveourknowledgeandskills.However,ourlifewillbegreatlyaffectedifweareaddictedtoit.6.例如，你的成績可能會下降，你的健康狀況會每況愈下。更糟糕的是，它也會破壞你與家人的關(guān)系。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【參考答案】Forexample，yourgradesmaygodownandyourhealthwillbegoingfrombadtoworse.Tomakethingsworse,itcanalsodamagetherelationshipwithyourfamily.【結(jié)尾段落常用表達(dá)】所以我認(rèn)為現(xiàn)在是你改掉這個壞習(xí)慣的時候了。對你來說，讀一些有意義的書和做一些體育鍛煉是個好主意。我期待著很快聽到你的好消息。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【參考答案】SoIthinkitishightimethatyougotridofthebadhabit.Itisagoodideaforyoutoreadsomemeaningfulbooksanddosomephysicalexercise.Iamlookingforwardtohearingyourgoodnewssoon．【實戰(zhàn)練習(xí)】假定你是你班英語科代表李華，得知許多同學(xué)長時間在網(wǎng)上學(xué)習(xí)英語。就此請你用英語給你班同學(xué)發(fā)一封電子郵件，內(nèi)容包括：1.陳述長時間在網(wǎng)上學(xué)習(xí)造成的影響；2.你的建議（控制時間，多種形式相結(jié)合等）。注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右；2.可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】Dearclassmates,I’msorrytolearnthatmanyofushavespenttoomuchtimelearningEnglishontheInternet,whichcanobviouslydoharmtoourbodies,especiallyeyesight.Thus,astherepresentativeofEnglishclass,Iwanttoofferthefollowingsuggestionstoyou.Firstofall,wecanlimitonlinestudytimetothirtyminutesatime.Secondly,weshouldbinevariousformsofEnglishlearning.That’stosay,onlineEnglishlearningshouldbereasonablybinedwithofflineEnglishlearning.Infact,wehavealotofthingstodobesidesstayingontheInternet,suchasdoingsomewrittenassignmentsandrelaxingourselvesonceinawhile.Inshort,let’sstudytogetherhealthilyandeffectively.Yours,LiHua環(huán)境健康的常用表達(dá)【開頭段落常用表達(dá)】1.盡管垃圾分類意義重大，但人們對垃圾分類的困惑有時會阻礙他們的意愿。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【參考答案】Significantasgarbageclassificationis,people’sconfusionaboutthecategoriesoftrashsometimesdiscouragestheirwillingnesstodoit.2.我很高興站在這里和大家分享我對健康生活習(xí)慣的看法。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【參考答案】I’mgladtostandheretosharewithyoumyideasabouthealthylivinghabits.3.隨著高中學(xué)習(xí)任務(wù)的增加，越來越多的高中生開始熬夜學(xué)習(xí)。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【參考答案】Withthelearningtaskincreasinginhighschool,moreandmore

highschoolstudents

arebeginningtostayuplatetostudy.4.最近我們做了一個關(guān)于高中新生是否應(yīng)該熬夜學(xué)習(xí)的調(diào)查________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【參考答案】Recentlywedidasurveyaboutwhetherhighschoolfreshmenshouldstayuplatetostudyornot5.這個星期六，我們班計劃在郊區(qū)的河岸上植樹。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【參考答案】ThisSaturday,ourclasshasscheduledtoplanttreesontheriverbanksinthesuburbs.【中間段落常用表達(dá)】1.在我看來，健康的生活習(xí)慣可以讓我們保持健康，保護(hù)我們不生病，幫助我們充滿活力地開始新的一天。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【參考答案】Inmyeyes,healthylivinghabitscankeepusfit,protectusfromgettingillandhelpusstartanewdaywithfullenergy.2.當(dāng)你從公共場所回到家時，請洗手，尤其是在接觸自己的眼睛、鼻子或嘴之前。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【參考答案】Whenyouarrivehomefrompublicplace,pleasewashthehands,especiallybeforetouchingyourowneyes,noseormouth.3.第一次熬夜對健康危害很大。第二，提高他們的成績沒有幫助。_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________