?專(zhuān)題09完形填空議論文應(yīng)對(duì)策略考點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)精考點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)精講【題型特點(diǎn)】議論文是一種剖析事物、論述事理、發(fā)表見(jiàn)解或提出主張的說(shuō)理性文章。議論文的目的不僅是客觀的解釋事物，還力圖說(shuō)服讀者相信并接受某一觀點(diǎn)。不管是在漢語(yǔ)中，還是在英語(yǔ)中，議論文都是由論點(diǎn)（作者的觀點(diǎn)，也就是被證明的對(duì)象、論據(jù)（用來(lái)證明論點(diǎn)的依據(jù)，是說(shuō)明論點(diǎn)的理由和材料）和論證（運(yùn)用論據(jù)證明論點(diǎn)的過(guò)程與方法），這三個(gè)要素構(gòu)成的，這也是一個(gè)提出問(wèn)題——分析問(wèn)題——解決問(wèn)題的過(guò)程。因此，典型的議論文一般就由序論（提出問(wèn)題，即what）、本論（分析問(wèn)題，即why）和結(jié)論（解決問(wèn)題，即how）三個(gè)部分構(gòu)成。議論文有自己的語(yǔ)言個(gè)性，它不同于記敘文的生動(dòng)形象，也不同于說(shuō)明文的簡(jiǎn)明易懂。議論是對(duì)具體事物、事理作出的理論上分析與闡述，因此，它的語(yǔ)言自然客觀的、抽象的、概括的。同時(shí)，它的語(yǔ)言也很準(zhǔn)確，合乎邏輯。文中會(huì)較多地使用，諸如since（既然），nowthat（既然），therefore（因而），inthatcase（在那種情況下），so（所以），Itfollowsthat…（因而…），If…，wemayconcludethat

…（如果……，我們可以這樣下結(jié)論……），Shoulditbethecase

（如果是這樣的話(huà)……），Idon’twantto…,but…（我并不想……），Itistruethat…,but…（誠(chéng)然……但是……）,Evenif

…（即使……）等有辯論和推理含義的連接和過(guò)渡詞語(yǔ)與結(jié)構(gòu)，以增強(qiáng)語(yǔ)言的準(zhǔn)確性和邏輯性。此外，作者的寫(xiě)作態(tài)度一般也較誠(chéng)懇，在文章中通常使用的是與讀者平等交流的語(yǔ)氣，不會(huì)給人以居高臨下、以勢(shì)居人、逼人接受的感覺(jué)，在遣詞造句方面多使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣、讓步狀語(yǔ)從句和can,may,might,could,would,should等情態(tài)動(dòng)詞?！緫?yīng)試策略】1.

通覽把握作者的觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度。議論文往往體現(xiàn)作者對(duì)某一事物的觀點(diǎn)，而作者的觀點(diǎn)就是文章的論點(diǎn)?？忌盐兆髡叩挠^點(diǎn)，把握作者對(duì)某一事物是褒還是貶，是贊成還是反對(duì)，而通常把握了作者的觀點(diǎn)也就找準(zhǔn)了文章的論點(diǎn)。把握文章的開(kāi)頭，總結(jié)文章的結(jié)尾。議論文的篇首或結(jié)尾出現(xiàn)話(huà)題中心，通過(guò)首段或末段把握文章的主題。2.

試填注意段與段之間的邏輯。議論文往往圍繞某一個(gè)論點(diǎn)用不同的論據(jù)加以佐證，往往每一段就是一個(gè)論據(jù)，而論據(jù)和論據(jù)之間又相互聯(lián)系、互為補(bǔ)充，每一段往往就是其中一個(gè)角度或側(cè)面。3.

復(fù)核通讀全文，檢驗(yàn)每條論據(jù)是否都合情合理，都能強(qiáng)而有力地支撐論點(diǎn)。_____優(yōu)選真題演練優(yōu)選真題演練【上海市控江中學(xué)20222023學(xué)年學(xué)高三上學(xué)期9月月考】NobusinesswouldwelebeingparedtoBigTobaccoorgambling.Yetthatiswhatishappeningtomakersofvideogames.Foryearsparentshavecasuallyplainedthattheiroffspringare“addicted”totheirsmartphones.Today,____21____,evermoredoctorshaveusingthetermliterally.OnJanuary1st“gamingdisorder”—inwhichgamesareplayed____22____,despitecausingharm—gainsrecognitionfromtheWorthHealthOrganization.AfewmonthsagoChina,theworld'sbiggestgamingmarket,announcednewruleslimitingchildrentojustasinglehourofplayaday.Westernpoliticiansworrypubliclyaboutsomegames'similaritytogambling.Clinicsaresproutingaroundtheworld,promisingtocurepatientsoftheirhabit.Aregamesreallyaddictive?Psychologistsare____23____.Thecaseforthedefenceisthatthisisjustanothermoralpanic.Killjoysinthepastissued____24____seriouswarningsabouttelevision,rock'n'roll,jazz,icbooks,andevennovels.Asthenewestformofmassmedia,gamingismerelyenduringitsowntimeinthestocksbeforeiteventuallyceasestobecontroversial.Furthermore,defendersargue,thecriteriausedtodiagnosegamingaddictionaretoo____25____.Obsessivegaming,theysuggest,isaslikelytobeasymptom(ofdepression,say)asadisorderinitsownright.Theprosecutionrefutesthat,unlikerockbandsornovelists,gamesdevelopershaveboththemotiveandthemeanstoengineertheirproductstomakethem____26____.Themotivearisesfromabusinessmodelshift.Manyusea"freemium"model,inwhichthegameisfreeandmoneyismadefrompurchasesofingamegoods.That____27____playtimedirectlytoprofits.Themeansisabinationofpsychologicaltheoryanddatathathelpsgamesmakers____28____thatplaytime.Psychologistsalreadyknowquitealotaboutthesortsofthingsthatanimals,includinghumans,findrewarding.Smartphonesusetheirpermanentinternetconnectionstosendgameplaydatabacktodevelopers.Thatallowsproductstobeconstantlyfinetunedto____29____spending.Whilepsychologistsargueaboutthefinerpointsofwhatexactlycountsasaddiction,theindustryshouldrecognizethat,intherealworld,ithasaproblem.Clinicsarealreadyreportingboomingbusiness,aslockdownshavegivengamersmoretimetospendwiththeirhobby.Theregulatoryclimatefortechisgetting____30____.Andbeingassociatedinthepublicmind,fairlyornot,withgamblingandtobaccowillnotdotheindustryanyfavours.Itwouldbewisetogetaheadofthediscussion.Agoodplacetostartwouldbewithharddata.Manyofthestudiessupportingtheopinionthatgamesareaddictiveina____31____sensearenotclear:theyrelyonselfreportedsymptoms,contesteddiagnosticcriteria,andsoon.Evenbasicquestionsabouttheamountoftimeandmoneyspentbyusersarehardtoanswer.Theindustryhasanabundanceof____32____thatcouldhelp.Butgamingfirmsmostlykeepdetailsofhowgamersbehave____33____,citingmercialsensitivity.Inthelongrun,thatwillproveunwise.Gamingfirmsshouldmakemoreoftheirdataavailabletoresearchers.If—asseemslikely—worriesaboutaddictivenessare____34____,itishardtothinkofaclearerwayofshowingit.Andifnot,itisbetterforfirmstorecognizetheproblemnowanddosomethingaboutit____35____.Thealternativeisthatregulatorswillforcethemtoact.Andonceagovernmentisseizedbyafitofmoralpanic,itcanlashout.21.A.however B.therefore C.still D.instead22.A.superbly B.pulsively C.brilliantly D.proportionately23.A.split B.determined C.diversified D.misunderstood24.A.directly B.jointly C.similarly D.formally25.A.loose B.objective C.basic D.strict26.A.valuable B.marketable C.accessible D.irresistible27.A.applies B.ties C.adds D.draws28.A.control B.reduce C.maximize D.restrict29.A.cut B.boost C.finance D.balance30.A.milder B.damper C.gentler D.chillier31.A.broad B.legal C.technical D.medical32.A.data B.time C.wealth D.leisure33.A.open B.secret C.independent D.reliable34.A.overblown B.shared C.eased D.dismissed35.A.reluctantly B.thoroughly C.voluntarily D.adequately_____名校好題必名校好題必測(cè)【20222023學(xué)年上海市復(fù)旦附中高三上學(xué)期10月階段評(píng)估英語(yǔ)試卷】Oneofthesupposedbenefitsofbeinginalongtermrelationshipistheguaranteethatthoseinvolvedwillnotbeforcedtospendtimealone.Advocatesofmarriagearguethatlivingasacoupleorasafamilyhelpstopreventsituationsoflonelinessandisolation,whichcan___21___leadtoanxiety,depression,andotherhealthproblems,especiallyinoldage.Thispsychologicalcourse,however,isin___22___withmanyspiritualleaders,philosophers,andartistswhopraisetheadvantagesofspendingtimealone.___23___,someofthemostcelebratedthinkersandcreatorsfromWordsworth(17701850,Englishpoet)toEinsteinandotherspraisedthevalueofspendingtimeawayfromothers.Whatif,insteadoffocusingonthedisadvantagesofbeinglonelyandbyoneself,thefocuswas___24___thebenefitsofsolitude?Solitude,likeloneliness,impliesspendingtimealone.Yet,indirectcontrasttoloneliness,solitudecanoftenbeapositivestateofbeingthatshouldbe___25___ratherthanavoided.Insteadoffocusingonthenegativeexperiencesofbeingalone,thestudyofsolitudeasa___26___revealsthatadifferentapproachtothisrealitycanpromotefreedom,creativity,intimacy,spirituality,andthereforehappiness.___27___,solitudebringsrewardstothosewhovalueit.Singles,then,particularlysingleswhoappreciatethevalueofspendingtimealone,canbenefitgreatlyfromtherelationshipcircumstancesthatfacilitatesolitudethatwouldbemoreelusive(不常見(jiàn)的)forindividualslivingwiththeirpartners.Infact,boostingthehappinessthatsinglescangainfromsolitudeistheideathatthosewhoaresingle,orplainlysingleatheart,aremorelikelytoenjoyandbenefitfromsolitude.Singleatheart___28___atypeofindividualwhosepersonalityandnaturemeanthattheylivethehappiest,fullest,andmostauthenticliveswhentheyarenotinrelationships.Peoplewhoaresingleatheartthrivethemostfromsolitudeandselfsufficiencyandarealsomorelikelytoreap___29___rewardsfromspendingtimebythemselves.Somestudiesevenpointouthowbeingsingleand____30____canbebeneficial.Forexample,in____31____psychologicalresourcesavailabletomarriedandnevermarriedadults,ananalysisindicatesnosignificantdifferencesinmentalhealthbetweenthestudygroups.____32____,thestudysuggeststhatnevermarriedindividualsachieveahigherlevelofpersonalmasterythantheirmarriedcounterparts,particularlythoseabovetheageofforty.____33____,thosewhohadnevermarriedhadclearerpersonalvisionsandgoals,exhibitedhigherlevelsofpatience,andweremorepreparedtoviewreality____34____.Thereisevenevidencetosuggestthatsingles,whoaremoreaccustomedtobenefitingfromtimespentalone,arecapableofbeingtheirownsourcesoffortandsecurity,thoughfurtherresearchisrequiredinordertoestablishthe____35____behindthisphenomenon.21.A.inturn B.forsure C.atleast D.byaccident22.A.agreement B.conflict C.contact D.negotiation23.A.Hopefully B.Roughly C.Historically D.Spiritually24.A.mittedto B.attributedto C.attachedto D.shiftedto25.A.tackled B.sought C.assumed D.deposited26.A.subject B.discipline C.practice D.concept27.A.Anyway B.Likewise C.Yet D.Indeed28.A.refersto B.approvesof C.accountsfor D.figuresout29.A.physiological B.emotional C.economic D.physical30.A.selfdefensive B.selfaware C.selfevident D.selfsufficient31.A.paring B.exploiting C.distributing D.conserving32.A.Nevertheless B.Moreover C.Thus D.Otherwise33.A.Aboveall B.Betterstill C.Inotherwords D.Ontheotherhand34.A.sensitively B.keenly C.deliberately D.objectively35.A.remedies B.mechanisms C.relations D.secrets【上海奉賢區(qū)2022學(xué)年第一學(xué)期高三英語(yǔ)學(xué)科期中試卷】AccordingtoasurveyconductedbywenjuanfortheChinaYouthDaily,71.0percentofthe1,538peoplepolledsaidtheywatchedshortvideosona____41____basis.61.8percentbelievedthatlongtermviewingofshortvideoscouldinterferewiththeirnormalsocialinteractions;and65.2percentsuggestedthatvideoplatformsstepupinissuingregular____42____sothatuserscouldtakeabreak.Thisappealforexternalaidstohelp____43____theaddictivehabithintsatthecrushingholdshortvideoshaveontheshiftlessmajority—manyofthemarenotutterly____44____selfcontrolinothercircumstances.Anotherrecentsurveyofjuvenilesfound65.6percentofthemhavewatchedshortvideos,and20percentofthemjustcouldn’tstopwatching.Forasyouclickonthoseseemingly____45____videos,yourlifewillbethrownintoamindlessspiral(螺旋)asweeagerlymovefromonepiecetothenext,eachlasting20to30seconds,andareshocked,amused,andoutragedinrapid____46____.Youneverhaveachancetoget____47____,foryouarealwayscuriousaboutwhatthenextpiecewouldbelike,____48____more.Allthatisneededisaslighttwitching(抽動(dòng))ofoneofyourfingers.Respondentsdobelievesomevideoscouldbeusefulbyteachingyouhowtocook，howtoapplymakeup,practicewellness,orbuythings.Therewasevenanalleged(聲稱(chēng)但未經(jīng)證實(shí)的)telefraudsterpublicizinghis____49____anddaringthepolicetocatchhiminDubai,accordingtohim.Itisshockingtorealizethatapublishedvideoitselfwouldhave____50____acquiredadegreeofauthenticityandenoughtopreventallintentionsandtheneedforchecking,even____51____suchbasicfactsasauthorship.Soitisnaturalthat36.7percentoftherespondentsinthewenjuansurveycitedtheissueoffalseandmisleadingcontentinshortvideosasanissue,andrelevantauthoritiesshouldhavesteppedinlongagoto____52____it.Yes,juvenileonlymodeshavebeen_