X3U1Art高二下學(xué)期英語期末語用復(fù)習(xí)及題型針對(duì)性練習(xí)一、閱讀詞匯1.Christianityn.基督教2.realistn.現(xiàn)實(shí)主義畫家(或作家等)；現(xiàn)實(shí)主義者3.breakthroughn.重大進(jìn)展；突破4.mythologyn.神話；虛幻的想法5.sunrisen.日出6.waterlilyn.睡蓮7.rchedadj.拱形的；弓形的8.animationn.(電腦、錄像)動(dòng)畫制作；動(dòng)畫片9.framen.畫面；框架vt.給……鑲框；陷害10.bronzen.青銅；深紅褐色adj.青銅色的；深紅褐色的11.ceramicn.陶瓷制品；制陶藝術(shù)12.Buddhistadj.佛教的n.佛教徒13.Buddhismn.佛教二、寫作詞匯1.reputationn．名譽(yù)；名聲2.noblen．貴族成員；出身高貴的人adj.崇高的；宏偉的；高貴的3.rankn．地位；級(jí)別；行列vt.&vi.把……分等級(jí)；使排成行4.purchasevt.購(gòu)買；采購(gòu)n．購(gòu)買；購(gòu)買的東西5.clientn．委托人；當(dāng)事人；客戶6.emergevi.&vt.出現(xiàn)；浮現(xiàn)；暴露7.conveyvt.表達(dá)；傳遞(思想、感情等)；傳送8.subsequentadj.隨后的；后來的；之后的9.pondn．池塘；水池10.permanentadj.永久的；永恒的；長(zhǎng)久的11.humbleadj.謙遜的；虛心的；卑微的12.declinen．(數(shù)量、價(jià)格、質(zhì)量等的)減少；下降；衰落vi.&vt.減少；下降；衰落；謝絕13.vasen．花瓶；裝飾瓶14.entryn．加入；進(jìn)入；參與15.guaranteevt.保證；確保；肯定……必然發(fā)生n.保證；保修單；擔(dān)保物16.contemporaryadj.當(dāng)代的；現(xiàn)代的；屬同時(shí)期的n.同代人；同輩人17.worthyadj.值得……的；有價(jià)值的三、短語1．inparticular尤其；特別2．setapartfrom使與眾不同；使突出；使優(yōu)于……3．turntosbforhelp向某人尋求幫助4．make/achieveabreakthrough取得突破性進(jìn)展5．conveysthtosb把某物傳遞給某人6．befondof喜愛；喜歡7．fineart(s)美術(shù)(尤其繪畫和雕塑)8．bring…tolife賦予……生命；使……鮮活起來9．beworthyof值得10concentrateon把注意力集中于四、詞形轉(zhuǎn)換1．preciseadj.準(zhǔn)確的；精確的preciselyadv.準(zhǔn)確地；精確地；的確如此2．realisticadj.現(xiàn)實(shí)的；逼真的realismn．逼真；現(xiàn)實(shí)主義；務(wù)實(shí)作風(fēng)realityn．現(xiàn)實(shí)；實(shí)際情況；事實(shí)unrealisticadj.不切實(shí)際的；不實(shí)事求是的4．humanisticadj.人文主義的humanityn.人性；人道；(統(tǒng)稱)人類humanadj.人的；人類的；人本性的；有人情味的n.人5．influentialadj.有很大影響力的；有支配力的influencen．影響；作用；影響力vt.影響；對(duì)……起作用6．subjectiveadj.主觀的subjectn．主題；話題；題材；學(xué)科；實(shí)驗(yàn)對(duì)象；主語objectiven．目標(biāo)；目的adj.客觀的objectn．物品；目標(biāo)，目的；對(duì)象7．fondadj.喜愛fondnessn．喜愛8．sculpturen．雕像；雕刻品；雕刻術(shù)sculptorn.雕刻家；雕塑家9．investmentn．投資額；投資；(時(shí)間、精力的)投入investv．投資；投入10．criticisevi.&vt.批評(píng)；指責(zé)；評(píng)價(jià)criticismn．批評(píng)；指責(zé)；評(píng)論criticaladj.嚴(yán)重的；關(guān)鍵性的；批判性的criticn．批評(píng)家；評(píng)論家；評(píng)論員；批評(píng)者；挑剔的人11．representativeadj.典型的；有代表性的n．代表representvt.象征；代表；相當(dāng)于12．exhibitionn．展覽；(技能、感情或行為的)表演exhibitn．展覽品；陳列品；物證v．展覽；展出；顯出(感情、品質(zhì)或能力)13．a(chǎn)rtisticadj.藝術(shù)的；藝術(shù)家的artistn．藝術(shù)家artn．藝術(shù)14．civiladj.國(guó)民的；民用的；民事的civilizevt.教化；開化；使文明；使有教養(yǎng)civilizedadj.文明的；開化的；有禮貌的；有教養(yǎng)的civilizationn．文明；文明世界15．recognitionn．承認(rèn)；認(rèn)出；贊譽(yù)recognizevt.辨別出；承認(rèn)；認(rèn)可16．expansionn．?dāng)U張；擴(kuò)展；擴(kuò)大expandvt.&vi.(使)擴(kuò)大；增加；擴(kuò)展；發(fā)展(業(yè)務(wù))五、應(yīng)用文寫作句型模仿：背景+目的非謂語——現(xiàn)在分詞短語作原因狀語：知道/聽到/了解到/得知你對(duì)……有強(qiáng)烈的喜愛/偏好/熱情/非常感興趣。Knowing/Hearing/Learning/Informedthatyouhaveakeenfondness/preference/passionfor/haveanexceedinginterestin...非謂語——現(xiàn)在分詞短語作目的狀語：為了培養(yǎng)我們的毅力和團(tuán)隊(duì)合作精神（aimat）Aimingatcultivating(培養(yǎng))/Aimingtocultivateourpersistence/perseveranceandteamworkspirit,…用介詞短語作目的狀語：為了激發(fā)我們學(xué)英語的熱情（用attempt/effort介詞短語）Inaneffort/attempttoarouseourinterestin/igniteourpassionfor/fuelourenthusiasmaboutEnglishlearning,…拜讀貴公司在……上的廣告，本人擬應(yīng)征……職位。Inreplytoyouradvertisementin…,Ibegtoapplyforthepositionof…with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)——作目的狀語為了開闊我們的視野Withthepurposeofbroadeningourhorizons,為了提高我的英語寫作能力WiththeaimofpromotingmyEnglishwritingability用同位語從句交代背景有消息稱，“中國(guó)農(nóng)村”圖片展定于本周末在學(xué)生中心舉行。Newscomesthataphotographexhibitionon“RuralChina”isscheduledforthisweekendinstudents’center.用定語從句合并句子1.Hereissomeadvice.Ihopetheywillbebeneficialtoyou.修改→Hereissomeadvice,whichIhopewillbebeneficialtoyou.2.Iamwritingthislettertoinviteyoutoaninterviewheldby“TalktoTalk”.ItisanEnglishprogrammeinourschoolbroadcaststation.修改→Iamwritingthislettertoinviteyoutoaninterviewheldby“TalktoTalk”，whichisanEnglishprogrammeinourschoolbroadcaststation.用被動(dòng)語態(tài)介紹活動(dòng)展覽將于周六下午在我們學(xué)校的美術(shù)館舉行。TheexhibitionwillbeheldinthegalleryhallofourschoolonSaturdayafternoon.續(xù)寫場(chǎng)景填空及模仿Shedesperately（絕望地adv.）wantedDarlatoloveherthewayMarlinhadandforhertoloveDarlajustthesame;butwhatwasJennifersupposedtodonow?Thecutonherarmwasallshehadtoshowforhereffort.Jennifersatonthefloor,buryingherfaceinherhands,andherbodytrembledasshesoftlybegantocry(她坐在地板上，把臉埋在手里，她的身體因她開始輕聲的哭泣而顫抖著.)TodaywasCommunityServiceDayatschool.Maya’sclasswasgoingtomakecardsfortheseniorslivinginanursinghome.ItwasalsothefirstdayMayawouldbewearingherlegbrace(腿支架)toschool,whichwasdesignedtohelpherwalkmoresteadilyandsmoothly.Itwasacoldautumnmorning,Mayalookeddown(看起來很低落）,feelingembarrassed(感到很尷尬).Tomakeitlovelier,shehaddelicatelydecoratedthebracewithprettybutterflypatterns.Still,shewasunsureaboutothers’reaction.Allmorningatschool,kidskeptglancingatherbrace.Toherrelief(令她欣慰的是),theydidn’tsayanything.Sweatstreameddownfromtheirforehead(汗水從他們的額頭上流下來)whiletheybentdownandpickeduptheplasticbags.Totheirdisappointment(令他們失望的是),afteraday'shardwork,therewerestillmanyplasticbagslyingonthebeachorfloatinginthewater.GoinghomewithachinglegsandarmsMariaandPeterwerealmostdefeatedbyastrongsenseoffailure.(帶著酸痛的胳膊和腿回到家,MariaandPeter幾乎被一種失敗感所打倒了.)題型限時(shí)練習(xí)完形填空TikTok,asocialmediaappdedicatedtoshort-formvideos,hasemergedasamajorfireroffoodtrends—frommushroomcoffeeandpancakecerealtocloudbreadandfetapasta.Butanothertrend,the#whatieatinadaytrend,isdominatingTikTok,whichisnearing9billion____1____.Eventhough#whatieatinadaypostsmaybe____2____toserveashealthyinspirationforothers,there’sagrowingfeelingthatthesevideodiariesofdailyeatswilllikelydomoreharmthangood—especiallyamongyounggirlsorpeoplewithahistoryofdisorderedeating.The____3____messagethesepostssendisthatifyoueatlikethem,thenyoucaneventuallylooklikethem.Yetwhatsomeoneelseeatsinadaydoesn’tmeanit’srightforyou,sincethese“____4____”videosarenotacompletelyaccuraterepresentationofwhatsomeonetypicallyeats.Oftentheoverlystylized(程式化)mealsdonot____5____anutritionallyadequatediet.Thepostsare____6____theillusion(幻想)ofanidealdayofeating,alongwithanidealbodysize.Youngeraudiences,especiallygirlsandyoungwomen,internalizethemessagethattheymusteatlikethesecreatorstoachieveandmaintainnotonlyhealth,butalsosocial____7____.Thebiggestharmwiththistrendisthatitnormalizesdisorderedor____8____eatingbehaviors.Thiscouldpreventsomeonestrugglingwithaneatingdisorderfrom____9____supportortreatment.Evenifthe#whatieatinadaypostsaredisplayinga______10______dayofeating,thesubtextmessageof“eatlikeme,andyouwilllooklikeme”isharmfulbecausepeoplewillnotnecessarilyachievethesamebodysizeasthe______11______eveniftheycopiedtheirdayofeatingbiteforbite.______12______,whatmightbeahealthy,adequatedayofsatisfyingmealsforonepersonmaybeinadequateandunsatisfyingtoanother.Evenworse,someonelookingatthesepostsmayconcludethattheyneedtobeeatinghalfasmuchto______13______.Peoplemakingthesevideosareoverwhelminglythin,young,able-bodiedandwhite.Thereisacompletelackofbody______14______.Andthisencouragesharmfulcomparisonstounrealisticbodystandardsthatare______15______tothevastmajorityofpeople.Therefore,thoseofusfrommarginalizedcommunitiesareonceagainunabletoseepositiverepresentationsofourvaryingbodies,foodsandculturalrepresentationintheseharmfulposts.”1．A．views B．statements C．a(chǎn)nalyses D．identities2．A．emphasized B．simplified C．requested D．intended3．A．moral B．scientific C．potential D．instant4．A．modern B．staged C．educational D．labelled5．A．prioritize B．commercialize C．recognize D．exchange6．A．promoting B．representing C．spoiling D．perfecting7．A．welfare B．equality C．desirability D．justice8．A．individual B．instinctive C．restrictive D．changeable9．A．a(chǎn)ttracting B．seeking C．losing D．offering10．A．fixed B．balanced C．relaxing D．demanding11．A．reader B．a(chǎn)dvertiser C．browser D．poster12．A．Therefore B．Finally C．Additionally D．Meanwhile13．A．loseweight B．shareinterests C．a(chǎn)ssumeburden D．makecontributions14．A．language B．diversity C．warmth D．response15．A．a(chǎn)vailable B．predictable C．inadequate D．unachievable1．A2．D3．C4．B5．A6．A7．C8．C9．B10．B11．D12．C13．A14．B15．D【來源】上海市浦東新區(qū)2022年6月二模英語試題【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了抖音段視頻“每天吃什么”的流行和它引發(fā)的問題。1．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：但另一個(gè)趨勢(shì)——“每天吃什么”——正在主導(dǎo)抖音，其瀏覽量已接近90億次。A.views觀點(diǎn)，觀看；B.statements聲明；C.analyses分析；D.identities身份。根據(jù)上文“TikTok”和“Butanothertrend”可知，本段講的是抖音段視頻上的新趨勢(shì)，結(jié)合“nearing9billion”可推知，這里說的是瀏覽量，觀看量。故選A項(xiàng)。2．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：盡管“每天吃什么”發(fā)布的內(nèi)容可能旨在為其他人提供健康的啟發(fā)，但越來越多的人認(rèn)為，這些記錄日常飲食的視頻日記可能弊大于利，尤其是在年輕女孩或有飲食失調(diào)史的人當(dāng)中。A.emphasized強(qiáng)調(diào)；B.simplified簡(jiǎn)化；C.requested要求；D.intended打算，想要。根據(jù)“toserveashealthyinspirationforothers”和“willlikelydomoreharmthangood”可知，為其他人提供健康的啟發(fā)是最初的目的或打算，但事與愿違，結(jié)果與打算不一樣。故選D項(xiàng)。3．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：這些發(fā)布內(nèi)容傳遞的潛在信息是，如果你像他們一樣吃東西，那么你最終會(huì)像他們一樣。A.moral有道德的；B.scientific科學(xué)的；C.potential潛在的；D.instant立刻的。根據(jù)上文可知，“每天吃什么”發(fā)布的是記錄日常飲食的視頻，結(jié)合句中“messagethesepostssendisthatifyoueatlikethem,thenyoucaneventuallylooklikethem.”可知，這些視頻會(huì)讓人們認(rèn)為“你像他們一樣吃東西，那么你最終會(huì)像他們一樣”，這是這些發(fā)布內(nèi)容傳遞的潛在信息。故選C項(xiàng)。4．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，別人一天吃什么并不意味著它就適合你，因?yàn)檫@些“籌劃的”的視頻并不能完全準(zhǔn)確地反映一個(gè)人通常吃什么。A.modern現(xiàn)代的；B.staged組織的，籌劃的；C.educational教育的；D.labelled貼上標(biāo)簽的。結(jié)合常識(shí)和句中“notacompletelyaccuraterepresentationofwhatsomeonetypicallyeats.”可知，抖音上發(fā)布視頻是經(jīng)過籌劃的，并不能真實(shí)準(zhǔn)確地反應(yīng)真實(shí)情況。故選B項(xiàng)。5．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：通常，過于程式化的飲食并沒有優(yōu)先考慮營(yíng)養(yǎng)充足的飲食。A.prioritize優(yōu)先考慮；B.commercialize使商業(yè)化；C.recognize認(rèn)識(shí)；D.exchange交換。結(jié)合選項(xiàng)和“overlystylized(程式化)meals”可推知，過于程式化的飲食不會(huì)首先考慮營(yíng)養(yǎng)問題。故選A項(xiàng)。6．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：這些發(fā)布內(nèi)容在宣揚(yáng)理想的飲食和理想的身材。A.promoting推銷，促進(jìn)；B.representing代表；C.spoiling損壞；D.perfecting完美，完善。根據(jù)句中“illusion(幻想)ofanidealdayofeating”和“idealbodysize”可推知，“每天吃什么”發(fā)布的內(nèi)容是在推銷它關(guān)于飲食和身材的理想概念。故選A項(xiàng)。7．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：更年輕的觀眾，尤其是女孩和年輕女性，內(nèi)化了這樣的信息：她們必須像這些創(chuàng)作者一樣吃，以實(shí)現(xiàn)和保持健康，以及社會(huì)吸引力。A.welfare幸福；B.equality平等；C.desirability吸引力，欲求；D.justice公平。根據(jù)上文“Thepostsare6theillusion(幻想)ofanidealdayofeating,alongwithanidealbodysize.”可知，“每天吃什么”發(fā)布的內(nèi)容是在推銷它關(guān)于飲食和身材的理想概念，所以年青女孩會(huì)認(rèn)為這樣做不僅可以保持健康，還可以保持好身材，提升社會(huì)吸引力。故選C項(xiàng)。8．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：這種趨勢(shì)最大的危害是它使紊亂的或限制性的飲食行為正?；?。A.individual單獨(dú)的；B.instinctive本能的；C.restrictive限制(性)的；D.changeable可改變的。根據(jù)“normalizes”可知，下文所說飲食行為是非正常的，與“disordered”是同一類別，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)，應(yīng)選擇使用“restrictive”作定語，表示將限制性的飲食行為正?；?。故選C項(xiàng)。9．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：這可以妨礙患有飲食失調(diào)癥的人尋求支持或治療。A.attracting吸引；B.seeking尋找；C.losing失去；D.offering提供。根據(jù)“someonestrugglingwithaneatingdisorder”和“supportortreatment”可知，患有飲食失調(diào)癥的人會(huì)尋求支持或治療。故選B項(xiàng)。10．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：即使“每天吃什么”的發(fā)布內(nèi)容展示的是均衡的飲食，但“像我一樣吃，你就會(huì)像我一樣”的潛臺(tái)詞是有害的，因?yàn)槿藗儾灰欢〞?huì)達(dá)到和發(fā)帖人一樣的身材，即使他們完全按照其展示內(nèi)容吃一天的食物。A.fixed固定的；B.balanced平衡的；C.relaxing令人輕松的；D.demanding苛刻的。根據(jù)上文“Eventhough#whatieatinadaypostsmaybe2toserveashealthyinspirationforothers”可知，“每天吃什么”的發(fā)布內(nèi)容能為人們提供健康的啟發(fā)，所以它展示的是均衡的飲食。故選B項(xiàng)。11．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：即使“每天吃什么”的發(fā)布內(nèi)容展示的是均衡的飲食，但“像我一樣吃，你就會(huì)像我一樣”的潛臺(tái)詞是有害的，因?yàn)槿藗儾灰欢〞?huì)達(dá)到和發(fā)帖人一樣的身材，即使他們完全按照其展示內(nèi)容吃一天的食物。A.reader讀者；B.advertiser廣告商；C.browser瀏覽器；D.poster海報(bào)，發(fā)帖人。根據(jù)下文“eveniftheycopiedtheirdayofeatingbiteforbite”可知，這里說的擁有好身材的“每天吃什么”上的視頻發(fā)布人。故選D項(xiàng)。12．考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：此外，對(duì)一個(gè)人來說，健康、充足的一日三餐對(duì)另一個(gè)人來說可能是不充分和不滿足的。A.Therefore因此；B.Finally終于；C.Additionally另外；D.Meanwhile與此同時(shí)。上文講即使完全按照其展示內(nèi)容吃一天的食物，人們不一定會(huì)達(dá)到和發(fā)帖人一樣的身材，下文“whatmightbeahealthy,adequatedayofsatisfyingmealsforonepersonmaybeinadequateandunsatisfyingtoanother.”講到食物因人而異，適合別人的不一定適合你，上下文都是講模仿“每天吃什么”的發(fā)布內(nèi)容的不妥之處，是并列關(guān)系，用副詞additionally。故選C項(xiàng)。13．考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。句意：更糟糕的是，看到這些發(fā)布內(nèi)容的人可能會(huì)得出這樣的結(jié)論：他們需要吃一半的量才能減肥。A.loseweight減肥；B.shareinterests利益共享；C.assumeburden承擔(dān)負(fù)擔(dān)；D.makecontributions做出貢獻(xiàn)。根據(jù)句中“eatinghalf”可推知，少吃是為了減肥。故選A項(xiàng)。14．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：身體完全缺乏多樣性。A.language語言；B.diversity多樣性；C.warmth溫暖；D.response反應(yīng)。根據(jù)上文“Peoplemakingthesevideosareoverwhelminglythin,young,able-bodiedandwhite.”可知，制作視頻的人都一個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，身體缺乏多樣性。故選B項(xiàng)。15．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：這助長(zhǎng)了對(duì)不切實(shí)際的身體標(biāo)準(zhǔn)進(jìn)行有害的比較，這對(duì)絕大多數(shù)人來說是無法達(dá)到的。A.available可用的；B.predictable可預(yù)測(cè)的；C.inadequate不充分的；D.unachievable不可實(shí)現(xiàn)的。根據(jù)“unrealisticbodystandards”可推知，這樣的身體標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是不切實(shí)際的，對(duì)大多數(shù)人來說是不可實(shí)現(xiàn)的。故選D項(xiàng)。閱讀理解--ACanasmallgroupofdrones(無人機(jī))guaranteethesafetyandreliabilityofrailwaysand,atthesametime,helprailwayoperatorssavebillionsofeuroseachyear?Thatistheverylikelyfutureofapplyingtoday’s“eyesinthesky”technologytomakesurethatthemillionsofkilometresofrailtracksandinfrastructure(基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施)worldwidearesafefortrainsona24/7basis.Dronesarealreadybeingusedtoexaminehigh-tensionelectricallines.Theycoulddopreciselythesamethingtoinspectrailwaylinesandothervitalaspectsofrailinfrastructuresuchasthecorrectpositionofrailwaytracksandswitchingpoints.Themoreregularlytheycanbeinspected,themorerailwaysafety,reliabilityandon-timeperformancewillbeimproved.Costswouldbecutandoperationswouldbemoreefficient(高效)acrosstheboard.Thatincludeshugesavingsinmaintenancecostsandbetterprotectionofrailwaypersonnelsafety.ItiscalculatedthatEuropeanrailwaysalonespendapproximately20billioneurosayearonmaintenance,includingsendingmaintenancestaff,oftenatnight,toinspectandrepairtherailinfrastructure.Thatcanbedangerousworkthatcouldbeavoidedwithdronesassistingthecrews’efforts.Byusingthelatesttechnologies,dronescouldalsostartprovidinghigher-valueservicesforrailways,detectingfaultsintherailorswitches,beforetheycancauseanysafetyproblems.Toperformthesetasks,dronesforraildon’tneedtobeflyingoverhead.Engineersarenowworkingonanewconcept:theraildronesofthefuture.Theywillbemovingonthetrackaheadofthetrain,andprogrammedtorunautonomously.VerysmalldroneswithadvancedsensorsandAIandtravellingaheadofthetraincouldguideitlikeaco-pilot.Withtheirabilitytoseeahead,theycouldsignalanyproblem,sothatfast-movingtrainswouldbeabletoreactintime.16．Whatmakestheapplicationofdronestoraillinespossible?A．Theuseofdronesincheckingonpowerlines. B．Drones’abilitytoworkathighaltitudes.C．Thereductionofcostindesigningdrones. D．Drones’reliableperformanceinremoteareas.17．Whatdoes“maintenance”underlinedinparagraph3referto?A．Personnelsafety. B．Assistancefromdrones.C．Inspectionandrepair. D．Constructionofinfrastructure.18．Whatfunctionisexpectedoftheraildrones?A．Toprovideearlywarning. B．Tomaketrainsrunautomatically.C．Toearnprofitsforthecrews. D．Toacceleratetransportation.19．Whichisthemostsuitabletitleforthetext?A．WhatFaultsCanBeDetectedwithDronesB．HowProductionofDronesCanBeExpandedC．WhatDifficultyDroneDevelopmentWillFaceD．HowDronesWillChangetheFutureofRailways16．A17．C18．A19．D【來源】2022年全國(guó)乙卷英語真題【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。應(yīng)用今天的“空中之眼”的技術(shù)，無人機(jī)能在保證鐵路安全可靠的同時(shí)又能幫助鐵路運(yùn)營(yíng)商每年節(jié)省數(shù)十億歐元。16．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Dronesarealreadybeingusedtoexaminehigh-tensionelectricallines.Theycoulddopreciselythesamethingtoinspectrailwaylinesandothervitalaspectsofrailinfrastructuresuchasthecorrectpositionofrailwaytracksandswitchingpoints.(無人機(jī)已經(jīng)被用于檢查高壓電線。他們完全可以做同樣的事情來檢查鐵路線路和鐵路基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的其他重要方面，如鐵路軌道和換乘點(diǎn)的正確位置)”可推知，使用無人機(jī)檢查電力線使無人機(jī)應(yīng)用于鐵路線路成為可能。故選A。17．詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)后文“ItiscalculatedthatEuropeanrailwaysalonespendapproximately20billioneurosayearonmaintenance,includingsendingmaintenancestaff,oftenatnight,toinspectandrepairtherailinfrastructure.(據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)，僅歐洲鐵路公司每年在鐵路維護(hù)上的花費(fèi)就約為200億歐元，其中包括經(jīng)常在夜間派遣維修人員檢查和維修鐵路基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施)”可知花在maintenance上的費(fèi)用是用于“inspectandrepairtherailinfrastructure（檢查和維修鐵路基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施”，由此可知“Thatincludeshugesavingsinmaintenancecostsandbetterprotectionofrailwaypersonnelsafety”是指大幅節(jié)省檢修成本和更好地保護(hù)鐵路人員安全，畫線詞和C項(xiàng)：Inspectionandrepair(檢修)含義相近。故選C。18．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“VerysmalldroneswithadvancedsensorsandAIandtravellingaheadofthetraincouldguideitlikeaco-pilot.Withtheirabilitytoseeahead,theycouldsignalanyproblem,sothatfast-movingtrainswouldbeabletoreactintime.(帶有先進(jìn)傳感器和人工智能的非常小的無人機(jī)可以像副駕駛一樣在火車前面行駛。憑借他們的預(yù)見能力，他們可以發(fā)出任何問題的信號(hào)，以便快速行駛的火車能夠及時(shí)做出反應(yīng))”可知，對(duì)于無人機(jī)期待的功能是提前發(fā)現(xiàn)問題。故選A。19．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Canasmallgroupofdrones(無人機(jī))guaranteethesafetyandreliabilityofrailwaysand,atthesametime,helprailwayoperatorssavebillionsofeuroseachyear?Thatistheverylikelyfutureofapplyingtoday’s“eyesinthesky”technologytomakesurethatthemillionsofkilometersofrailtracksandinfrastructure(基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施)worldwidearesafefortrainsona24/7basis.(一小群無人機(jī)能否在保證鐵路安全可靠的同時(shí)，幫助鐵路運(yùn)營(yíng)商每年節(jié)省數(shù)十億歐元？這很可能是應(yīng)用今天的“空中之眼”技術(shù)的未來，以確保全球數(shù)百萬公里的鐵路軌道和基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施全天候安全運(yùn)行。)”以及后文第二段講到了使用無人機(jī)檢查電力線路使無人機(jī)應(yīng)用于鐵路線路成為可能;第三段講到了使用無人機(jī)大幅節(jié)省維護(hù)成本和更好地保護(hù)鐵路人員安全；第四段講到了通過使用最新的技術(shù)，無人機(jī)還可以開始為鐵路提供更高的價(jià)值，可知文章主要講述了無人機(jī)將如何改變鐵路的未來，所以D項(xiàng)“無人機(jī)將如何改變鐵路的未來?！狈衔恼轮行乃枷耄m合作為本文的最佳標(biāo)題。故選D。閱讀理解--BDuringaninterviewforoneofmybooks,myinterviewersaidsomethingIstillthinkaboutoften.Annoyedbythelevelofdistraction(干擾)inhisopenoffice,hesaid,“That’swhyIhaveamembershipatthecoworkingspaceacrossthestreet—soIcanfocus”.Hiscommentstruckmeasstrange.Afterall,coworkingspacesalsotypicallyuseanopenofficelayout(布局).ButIrecentlycameacrossastudythatshowswhyhisapproachworks.Theresearchersexaminedvariouslevelsofnoiseonparticipantsastheycompletedtestsofcreativethinking.Theywererandomlydividedintofourgroupsandexposedtovariousnoiselevelsinthebackground,fromtotalsilenceto50decibels(分貝),70decibels,and85decibels.Thedifferencesbetweenmostofthegroupswerestatisticallyinsignificant;however,theparticipantsinthe70decibelsgroup—thoseexposedtoalevelofnoisesimilartobackgroundchatterinacoffeeshop—significantlyoutperformedtheothergroups.Sincetheeffectsweresmall,thismaysuggestthatourcreativethinkingdoesnotdifferthatmuchinresponsetototalsilenceand85decibelsofbackgroundnoise.Butsincetheresultsat70decibelsweresignificant,thestudyalsosuggeststhattherightlevelofbackgroundnoise—nottooloudandnottotalsilence—mayactuallyimproveone’screativethinkingability.Therightlevelofbackgroundnoisemayinterruptournormalpatternsofthinkingjustenoughtoallowourimaginationstowander,withoutmakingitimpossibletofocus.Thiskindof“distractedfocus”appearstobethebeststateforworkingoncreativetasks.Sowhydosomanyofushateouropenoffices?Theproblemmaybethat,inouroffices,wecan’tstopourselvesfromgettingdrawnintoothers’conversationswhilewe’retryingtofocus.Indeed,theresearchersfoundthatface-to-faceinteractionsandconversationsaffectthecreativeprocess,andyetacoworkingspaceoracoffeeshopprovidesacertainlevelofnoisewhilealsoprovidingfreedomfrominterruptions.20．Whydoestheinterviewerpreferacoworkingspace?A．Ithelpshimconcentrate. B．Itblocksoutbackgroundnoise.C．Ithasapleasantatmosphere. D．Itencouragesface-to-faceinteractions.21．Whichlevelofbackgroundnoisemaypromotecreativethinkingability?A．Totalsilence. B．50decibels C．70decibels. D．85decibels.22．Whatmakesanopenofficeunwelcometomanypeople?A．Personalprivacyunprotected. B．Limitedworkingspace.C．Restrictionsongroupdiscussion. D．Constantinterruptions.23．Whatcanweinferabouttheauthorfromthetext?A．He’sanewsreporter.B．He’sanofficemanager.C．He’saprofessionaldesigner.D．He’sapublishedwriter.20．A21．C22．D23．D【來源】2021年全國(guó)乙卷英語真題【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。作者通過自身經(jīng)歷講述人們?yōu)槭裁床幌矚g開放性辦公室以及有關(guān)多少分貝的噪音最有利于人們的創(chuàng)造性思維的研究。20．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“That’swhyIhaveamembershipatthecoworkingspaceacrossthestreet—soIcanfocus(這就是為什么我在街對(duì)面的聯(lián)合辦公空間辦了會(huì)員，這樣我就能專心工作了)”可知，采訪者喜歡共享辦公空間的原因是那里可以幫助他集中精力。故選A。21．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Thedifferencesbetweenmostofthegroupswerestatisticallyinsignificant;however,theparticipantsinthe70decibelsgroup—thoseexposedtoalevelofnoisesimilartobackgroundchatterinacoffeeshop—significantlyoutperformedtheothergroups.(大多數(shù)組之間的差異在統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)上是不顯著的；然而，70分貝組的參與者——那些暴露在類似于咖啡店背景噪音水平的人——的表現(xiàn)明顯優(yōu)于其他組。)”和第三段“Butsincetheresultsat70decibelsweresignificant,thestudyalsosuggeststhattherightlevelofbackgroundnoise—nottooloudandnottotalsilence—mayactuallyimproveone’screativethinkingability.(但由于70分貝的結(jié)果是顯著的，該研究還表明，適當(dāng)水平的背景噪音——不要太大，也不要完全安靜——實(shí)際上可能會(huì)提高一個(gè)人的創(chuàng)造性思維能力。)”可知，70分貝的那組參與者表現(xiàn)好于其他組，所以70分貝的噪音背景環(huán)境更有可能促進(jìn)創(chuàng)造性思維能力。故選C。22．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Sowhydosomanyofushateouropenoffices?Theproblemmaybethat,inouroffices,wecan’tstopourselvesfromgettingdrawnintoothers’conversationswhilewe’retryingtofocus.Indeed,theresearchersfoundthatface-to-faceinteractionsandconversationsaffectthecreativeprocess,andyetacoworkingspaceoracoffeeshopprovidesacertainlevelofnoisewhilealsoprovidingfreedomfrominterruptions.(那么，為什么我們這么多人討厭開放式辦公室呢？問題可能在于，在我們的辦公室里，當(dāng)我們?cè)噲D集中注意力時(shí)，我們無法阻止自己卷入他人的談話中。事實(shí)上，研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，面對(duì)面的交流和交談會(huì)影響創(chuàng)作過程，而聯(lián)合辦公空間或咖啡店在提供一定程度的噪音的同時(shí)，也提供了免受干擾的自由。)”可知，開放式辦公室不受人們歡迎的原因是讓我們不斷地卷入別人的談話中，受到很多干擾。故選D。23．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Duringaninterviewforoneofmybooks,myinterviewersaidsomethingIstillthinkaboutoften.(在我的一本書的采訪中，我的采訪者說了一些話，我至今仍時(shí)常想起。)”可知，作者提到有人采訪自己，所以可以推斷，作者是一位作家。故選D。語法填空閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。WiththeInternationalConferenceonFoodLossandWasteclosedonSaturdayinJinan,ShandongProvince,thecountryhassentasignalto____24____worldthatChinawilldealwithissuesconcerningfoodsecuritybyreducinglossandwasteinagriculture.Withthethemeofreducingfoodlossandfoodwasteandpromoting____25_