Chapter9

ModernPoetryHelenShao1/19Ⅰ.IntroductionⅡ.PaulVerlaine保爾·魏爾倫[法國]Ⅲ.WilliamButlerYeats葉芝[愛爾蘭]Ⅳ.EzraPound埃茲拉·龐德[美國]，出生于美國，1908年定居倫敦Ⅴ.WilliamCarlosWilliams威廉·卡洛斯·威廉斯[美國]Ⅵ.T.S.Eliot托馬斯·斯特爾那斯·艾略特[英國]，出生于美國Ⅶ.SergeiYesenin謝爾蓋·葉賽寧[俄羅斯]Ⅷ.RobertFrostⅨ.RabindranathTagore拉賓德拉納特·泰戈爾[印度]Contents2/19I.IntroductiontraditionalpoetryModern

poetrymodernist

poetryPost-modernistpoetry3/19I.IntroductionTraditionalpoetry:agreatstoreofprinciples.poetry:languageorganizedforaestheticpurposes.Importantpoetsin20thcentury:ThomasHardy,RobertFrost.Modernistpoetry:Symbolism&imagism.Post-Modernistpoetry:inthe60swithpop-art,thebeat

generation,themagicrealismofLatinAmericannovelists,andthepoet-structuralisttheoriesofBarthes,Derridaandothers.Forpost-modernists,theworldexistsonlythroughourunderstandingofit,andtheprimemediumofthatunderstandingisordinary

language.4/19I.IntroductionSymbolism:1.largelyareactionagainstrealismbyemployingsymbols&evocativesuggestioninplaceofdirectstatementinordertotranscendthehumble&theordinary;2.arepresentationofsth.else;3.ametaphorfromwhichthe1sttermhasbeenomitted.Imagism:1.thegrammarschoolofmodernpoetry,theinstruction&drillinthebasicprinciples;2.amovementinpoetry,originatingin1912&representedbyEzraPound,AmyLowell,&others,aimingatclarityofexpressionthroughtheuseofprecisevisualimages.3.formulatedbyEzraPound–inconjunctionwithfellowpoetsHildaDoolittle,RichardAldington,&E.S.Flint–&inspiredbythecriticalviewsofT.E.Hulme.5/19I.IntroductionFundamentalfeaturesofSymbolistpoetry:P180-1811.thesymbolistsattachedimportancetothesymbolizedimage;2.symbolistpoetryhasdeepmysticism&philosophicimplication;3.thesymbolistpoetspaidgreatattentiontothemusicality音樂性/音感inthepoetry.ThreeprinciplesofImagismpoetry:P181-1821.directtreatmentofthe“thing”whethersubjectiveorobjective;2.touseabsolutelynowordthatdoesnotcontributetothepresentation;3.asregardingrhythm:tocomposeinthesequenceofthemusicalphrase,notinsequenceofametronome節(jié)拍器.6/19OriginatedinFrance&heraldedbyCharlesBaudelaire;exertedagreatinfluenceonalltheEuropeanpoetryeversince.Mallarme,Verlaine,&Rimbaud:representativesofFrenchsymbolismpoetry.TheSymbolistmovementI.Introduction7/19ArthurSymons&WilliamButlerYeats:representativesofsymbolistpoetryinEnglish-speakingworld.inEnglish-speakingworld,theclosestcounterparttosymbolism:aestheticism&thePre-Raphaelites,whichhavemuchincommon.SymbolistmovementI.Introduction8/19InfluencedbythephilosophicalideasofSchopenhauer,Nietzsche,Bergson,&theliteraryideasofBaudelaire&otherFrenchsymbolists.~rootsinFrenchSymbolism,inheriteditstechnique,&developedtheRussiantraditionalculture.Russian

SymbolistmovementI.Introduction9/19II.PaulVerlaine1844-1896,保爾·魏爾倫OneoftheleadersoftheFrenchsymbolistmovementinpoetry;beganwritingearly,influencedbyParnassianism法國高蹈派/巴那斯派,十九世紀六十年代法國詩歌流派,特點是反浪漫派，自然主義思潮在詩歌創(chuàng)作中表現(xiàn)，亦為法國象征主義文學前驅(qū);Focusonthepure

musicality&rhythmofFrenchlanguagewithoutconcernforclassicalform;Rhyme

wasnecessaryforFrenchpoetry.10/19III.WilliamButlerYeats1865-1939,anIrishpoet&dramatist&Nobellaureate;AleaderofIrishRenaissance,oneoftheforerunnersmodernisminthe20thcentury;NobelPrizein1923;“WhenYouAreOld”11/19IV.EzraPound1885-1972;Thepoetmostresponsiblefordefining&promotingamodernistaestheticinpoetry;famousforhisinfluenceonhiscontemporariesasW.B.Yeats,RobertFrost,WilliamCarlosWilliams,MarianneMoore,HildaDoolittle(H.D.),JamesJoyce,ErnestHemingway,T.S.Eliot.Imagism:amovementinpoetrywhichderiveditstechniquefromclassicalChinese&Japanesepoetry—stressingclarity,precision,&economyoflanguage,&foregoingtraditionalrhyme&meterinorderto“composeinthesequenceofthemusicalphrase,notinthesequenceofthemetronome.”12/19IV.EzraPoundTheCantos:encyclopedicepicpoem;

百科全書般史詩“IntheStationoftheMetro”:characteristicforthefeaturesofChinesepoetry:Parallelism(2phrases/2images:facesinthecrowd;petalsonawetblackbough);“juxtapositionofimages”.13/19V.WilliamCarlosWilliams1883-1963,oneofthemostprinciplepoetsoftheImagistmovement;Earlyworkwasinfluencedby

EzraPound’s

Imagism;

Majorworks:P188KorainHell(1920),SpringandAll(1923),PicturesfromBrueghel&OtherPoems(1962),Paterson(5-columeepic,1963),Imaginations(1970).14/19VI.T.S.Eliot1888-1965,oneofthegreatestpoetsofthe20thcentury;TheWasteLand(1922):oneofthemostoriginal&influentialpoemsofthe20thcentury;TheLoveSongofJ.AlfredPrufrock(1915):writtenintheformofadramaticmonologue;itisanexaminationofthesoulofatimidmanparalyzedbyindecision&worryabouthisappearancetoothers,particularwomen.15/19VII.SergeiYesenin1895-1925,afamousRussianlyricalpoet;Hispoems:deepsincerity&anintenseemotionalism;1919-1921:ledtheliterarygroupcallestheImagists;Severalfailed

marriages&alcoholismcontributedtohissuicide.16/191874-1963，themostcelebratedpoetinAmericabythe1920s,apoetoftraditionalverseforms&metricswhoremainedsteadfastlyalooffromthepoeticmovements&fashionsofhistime;

Hiswork:principallyassociatedwiththelife&landscapeofNew

England;Writing

principle:“Apoembegins