第十二章名詞性從句精講與精練一、名詞性從句講前練：在空格處填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~Iamgoingtotellyouanunbelievablethingthathappenedinmyrestauranttoday.Thisafternoonapoorlydressedgentlemancameintomyrestaurant.Nobodyknew[1]_______hewas.Wewondered[2]________hewassohungry.Weweresurprised[3]_______hefinishedtwoordersoffoodinaverylimitedtime.Wedoubted[4]________themanwasabletopaythebill.Thegentlemanasked[5]_________wewouldmindwaitingforjustafewminutes.Thenwewereshockedtosee[6]_________hetookoutofaletterandamillionpoundbanknote.IaskedMr.Clements[7]__________itwasgenuine(adj.真實(shí)的，真正的).Mr.Clementssaiditwastruebecausetwoofthisamounthadbeenissued(發(fā)行，發(fā)布)bytheBankofEnglandthisyear.Hethought[8]________thegentlemanshowedthemcouldn'tbeafake.[9]__________agentlemanwithamillionpoundbanknotewasinragsandateinoursmallrestaurantwasabigpuzzletoallthepeoplethere.Ireallycouldn'tdescribe[10]___________excitedIwas.Keys:

1.who

2.why

3.that

4.whether/if

5.whether/if

6.that

7.whether/if

8.what

9.Why

10.how二、名詞性從句考點(diǎn)精講：名詞性從句考點(diǎn)1、名詞性從句的判定（判斷下列句子中的從句是主語從句，賓語從句，表語從句還是同位語從句）1.Wedidn'tknowwhetherornotshewasready。2.WheretheEnglisheveningwillbeheldhasnotyetbeenannounced.英語晚會將在哪里舉行，還沒有宣布。3.Chinaisnotwhatitusedtobe.中國已不是過去的中國了。4.Thenewsthatwewonthegameisexciting.我們贏得這場比賽的消息令人激動。結(jié)論：__________________________________________________________________________名詞性從句考點(diǎn)2、名詞性從句的引導(dǎo)詞連接詞含義在從句中的成分that無含義不做成分Whether是否不做成分if是否不做成分Asthough好像，似乎不做成分Asif好像，似乎不做成分What(1)什么（2）所…的(東西,地方,人,話…)(3)多么…!主、賓、表Who誰主、賓、表Whom誰賓which哪一個、哪一些主、賓、表when什么時候時間狀語where什么地方地點(diǎn)狀語why為什么原因狀語how(1)怎么樣，如何(2)多么方式狀語howmany多少（+可數(shù)名詞）howmuch多少（+可數(shù)名詞）howoften多久一次（問頻率）狀語Howsoon多久以后狀語Whatever…的一切；無論什么主、賓、表whichever…中的任何一個；無論哪一個主、賓、表whoever…中的任何一個人；無論誰主、賓、表whomever…中的任何一個人；無論誰賓語whosever無論誰的，無論…的定語注意：用什么連接詞連接從句主要看含義，同時分析句子成分幫助解題。名詞性從句考點(diǎn)3、名詞性從句的常必考點(diǎn)1、what與that的用法①what（什么，所…..的人/物/東西，多么）可引導(dǎo)主語從句、賓語從句和表語從句，并且在名詞性從句中充當(dāng)主語、賓語或表語(尤其注意what引導(dǎo)的從句可作介詞賓語)，表“所…..的人/物/東西”時，相當(dāng)于“名詞或代詞＋that/which引導(dǎo)的定語從句”；另外what不能引導(dǎo)定語從句。EG1:Whathesaidwasafact.EG2:Whatisneededisagoodtextbook.EG3:Heisnolongerwhatheusedtobe.②that在名詞性從句中只引導(dǎo)從句，沒有含義，不充當(dāng)成分。如：Thathesaidnothingatthemeetingsurprisedus.[注]介詞后不接that從句，除了inthat...和exceptthat...之外。that引導(dǎo)兩個以上的賓語從句，第一個that可省略，其后的that都不可省略。that引導(dǎo)主語從句、表語從句和同位語從句時，that不可省。考點(diǎn)對練1：完成下列句子：①Theschoolisnolonger________itusedtobe.＝Theschoolisnolongertheone________itusedtobe.②Finallyhetolduseverything________hehadseen.＝Finallyhetoldus________hehadseen.③Theyarrivedin________wasonceaschool.＝Theyarriveintheplace________wasonceaschool.④Don'tcare________othersthinkaboutyou.⑤Doyouknow________theydowithwastepaper?⑥_______thefamoussingerwillcometoourschoolnextweekexcitesallofus.【答案】①what；that②that；what③what；that/which④what⑤what⑥.that2、“疑問詞＋ever”和“nomatter＋疑問詞”的用法“疑問詞＋ever”既可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，在主句中充當(dāng)一定的成分，又可引導(dǎo)讓步狀從；但是“nomatter＋疑問詞”只能引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句?？键c(diǎn)對練2：完成下列句子：①________leavestheroomlastoughttoturnoffthelights.________leavestheroomlast，heoughttoturnoffthelights.②Hewouldn'tlistento________Isaid.________Isaid，hewouldn'tlistentome.③Sarahhopestobecomeafriendof________sharesherinterest.________comes，youmustn'topenthedoor.④Asmanyasfivecoursesareprovided,andyouarefreetochoose________suitsyoubest.【答案】①Whoever；Whoever/Nomatterwho:②whatever；Whatever/Nomatterwhat③whoever；Whoever/Nomatterwho④whichever3、if與whether的用法1).if和whether都可譯為“是否”，兩者引導(dǎo)賓語從句時通?？梢曰ハ嗵鎿Q。而以下幾種情況中，只能用whether，不能用if：①強(qiáng)調(diào)兩方面的選擇，特別是whether后緊跟ornot時。如：Letmeknowwhetherornotyoucancome.②賓語從句前置時。如：Whetherthisistrue，Ican'tsay.③引導(dǎo)主語、表語、同位語從句時。如：Whetherthefootballgamewillbeplayeddependsontheweather.(主語從句)Thequestioniswhetherhecandoit.(表語從句)Thequestionwhetherweshouldgowiththemmustbedecidedatonce.(同位語從句)④在介詞之后作賓語時。如：Whetherwewillgotheredependsonwhetheritisgoingtorain.⑤在不定式前與不定式一起組成短語時。如：Whethertogoorstayisstillaquestion.[注]if可以引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句，有“假如；如果”之意，而whether可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，有“不管；無論”之意。如：Ifyouaskhim，hewillhelpyou.Whetherhecomesintimeorlate，wewillbeginourpartyontime.考點(diǎn)對練3-1：單句改錯①He

treated

all

the

people

around

him,ifhe

knew

or

he

didn't

know.②You

have

not

yet

answered

my

question

ifor

not

I

can

join

in

the

party

tonight.

③Whetheryouhaveanyquestion,don’thesitatetoaskme.2).whether和that的區(qū)別：that表示事實(shí)，而whether表示疑問?？键c(diǎn)對練3-2：完成下列句子：①________theyaretwinsisclear.—________theyaretwinsisnotclear.②Thereisaquestion/anargument____________wehaveenoughtimetodoit.③Theproblemis________heispooratEnglish.—Theproblemis________hecanimprovehisEnglish.【答案】①That；Whether②whether③that；how/whether4、同位語從句和定語從句1)①同位語從句就是在復(fù)合句中作名詞的同位語的名詞性從句。連接詞that,which,when.where,why,how,whether,what等，引導(dǎo)同位語從句時，應(yīng)在某些抽象名詞之后，如：fact，hope，thought，suggestion，idea，news，possibility，doubt，truth，word(消息)，request，information，order，message等，對前面的名詞起補(bǔ)充說明的作用。同位語從句有時可以不緊跟在它所說明的名詞后面，而是被別的詞隔開。②定語從句是修飾或限定前面的名詞。EG1:Thenewsthatwewonthegameexcitedus.EG2:ThenewsthatourEnglishteachertoldusexcitedus.兩種從句中that的用法：定語從句中的that是關(guān)系代詞，既起引導(dǎo)從句的作用，同時又在從句中充當(dāng)主語或賓語，而同位語從句中的that是連詞，只起連接主句與從句的作用，不充當(dāng)句中任何成分?？键c(diǎn)對練4：完成下列句子：①Thenews________hetoldusexcitedus.Thenews________ourteamwonthegameexcitedus.②Thefact________hecollectedwassurprising.Thefact________hesaidnothingwassurprising.③Thereisachance/possibility________hewilllosethegame.＝________arethathewilllosethegame.④Informationhasbeenputforward________moremiddleschoolgraduateswillbeadmittedintouniversities.【答案】①that/which/不填；that②that/which/不填；that③that；Chances④that5、Itis...和Thereis...Itis...句型中it為形式主語，真正的主語為動名詞、不定式或從句，而Thereis意為“有……”，有時be也可以用exist，remain等替代?？键c(diǎn)對練5：用it，there填空：①________isapitythathewasabsent.②________isafactthathehasliedtoyou.③________isnowonderthatheissoexcited.④________isnoneedtoworryaboutit.⑤____isnosense/point(in)arguingwithhim.⑥________isnodoubtthathehasgone.【答案】①It②It③It④There⑤There⑥There6、表語從句中的常見句型常用的句型有：①Thereasonisthat......；含義為“原因是......”；that后接是reason的具體內(nèi)容。常與定語從句同時考，構(gòu)成句型：Thereasonwhy.....isthat......,此句型中why引導(dǎo)的是定語從句，而that引導(dǎo)的是表語從句。一定記住reason后的表語從句用that引導(dǎo)，而不是because。②Itisbecause......；含義為“它是因?yàn)?.....”，because后接的是“it”發(fā)生的原因。③That'swhy......；含義為“那就是為什么......”，why后接的是“that”導(dǎo)致的結(jié)果。④That'swhere......;含義為“那就是......的地方”?？键c(diǎn)對練6：完成下列句子：①Thereason______heisabsentfromschoolis________heisill.＝Heisill.That's________heisabsentfromschool.＝Heisabsentfromschool.That's________heisill.②Thereason____hegavewas___hewascaughtinthetrafficjam.Thereason________hedidn’tcometoschooltodaywas_________hewasill.③That's____theproblemlies.That's_______theproblemliesin.【答案】①why；that；why；because②which/that/不填,that;why,that③where；what三、名詞性從句應(yīng)考技巧：1、在語法填空題中，如果空格在句子的開頭，則需考慮用連詞，再根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)判斷屬于什么從句，再根據(jù)含義及從句的特征判斷用哪一個連詞。2、在語法改錯題中，主要關(guān)注從句與主句之間的邏輯關(guān)系，再者注意常考的連詞的用法是否準(zhǔn)確，如：although/though不與but連用，but與and的誤用，because不與so連用，that與which的用法，what與that的用法等。四、名詞性從句考點(diǎn)精練(一)單句語法填空1.【2021·新高考Ⅰ卷】56issobreathtakingabouttheexperienceistheout-of-this-worldscenes.Key:what【解析】考查主語從句。句意：這次經(jīng)歷的驚人之處在于這世界之外的景色。此處是主語從句，從句缺乏主語，應(yīng)用what引導(dǎo)，指代“經(jīng)歷的事情”。故填What。2.【2020?浙江高考】Overthousandsofyears,theybegantodependlesson57couldbehuntedorgatheredfromthewild,andmoreonanimalstheyhadraisedandcropstheyhadsown.

Key:what?！窘馕觥靠疾槊~性從句。whatcouldbehuntedorgatheredfromthewild是what引導(dǎo)的賓語從句,作dependon的賓語。what是連接代詞,表示“……東西”,在賓語從句中作主語。3.【2019·全國卷Ⅰ】ThepolarbearisfoundintheArcticCircleandsomebiglandmassesasfarsouthasNewfoundland.Whiletheyarerarenorthof88°,thereisevidence61theyrangeallthewayacrosstheArctic,andasfarsouthasJamesBayinCanada.Key:that解析】that?？疾橥徽Z從句的連接詞。分析句子可知,同位語從句結(jié)構(gòu)意義完整,解釋說明evidence的內(nèi)容,只缺少連接詞,故填that。4.【2019·北京卷】Whatstudentsdoatcollegeseemstomattermuchmorethan8theygo.Key：where【解析】考查名詞性從句中的連接詞。句意：學(xué)生在大學(xué)里做什么似乎比他們?nèi)ツ睦锔匾?。句中g(shù)o是不及物動詞,接副詞作狀語,表示“他們未來走向何方”,故填where，在介詞than

后跟賓語從句；與Whatstudentsdoatcollege進(jìn)行對比?！?021.3天津卷單項(xiàng)選擇改編】WhatpuzzlesLily'sfriendsis

shealwayshassomanycrazy

ideas.Key:why【解析】考查名詞性從句連接詞。句意：令Lily的朋友們感到困擾的是她為什么總是有這么多瘋狂的想法。分析成分結(jié)構(gòu)句子，該空需要一個表語從句的連接詞。再結(jié)合句意可知，應(yīng)該是朋友們不明白Lily為什么有這么多瘋狂的想法。所以本句為why引導(dǎo)的表語從句。故填：why。6.【2020江蘇高考真題改編】Itisnotaproblem_____wecanwinthebattle;it’sjustamatteroftime.Key:whether【解析】考查主語從句。句意：我們能否打贏這場戰(zhàn)斗不是問題；這只是時間問題。根據(jù)下文it’sjustamatteroftime可知，此處指”我們能否打贏這場戰(zhàn)斗不是問題”，it是形式主語，whether引導(dǎo)的從句是真正的主語。故填whether。7.【2020天津高考真題改編】Thestudentcompletedthisexperimenttomakecometrue________ProfessorJosephhadsaid.Key:what【解析】考查名詞性從句。句意：為了使約瑟夫教授所說的成為現(xiàn)實(shí)，這個學(xué)生完成了這個實(shí)驗(yàn)。_________ProfessorJosephhadsaid作make的賓語從句，該從句中，空處在從句中作said的賓語，表示”……所說的話”，因此應(yīng)用what引導(dǎo)該從句。8.【2019·江蘇卷·單項(xiàng)填空改編】Scientistshaveobtainedmoreevidence___________plasticisfindingitswayintothehumanbody.Key：that【解析】考查同位語從句。句意：科學(xué)家已經(jīng)獲得更多證據(jù)，塑料正在進(jìn)入人們的體內(nèi)。從句不缺句子成分，且與evidence指代的是同一事件，故用that引導(dǎo)同位語從句。9.【2018·天津·單項(xiàng)填空改編】Thegoldmedalwillbeawarded___________towinsthefirstplaceinthebicyclerace.Key：whoever【解析】考查名詞性從句連接詞。句意：無論誰獲得自行車比賽第一名，金牌將授予他。分析句子可知，空格處做beawardedto的賓語，同時在后面的從句中做主語，再根據(jù)句意可知，這里主語指人，故用whoever,表示“任何人，無論誰”。10.【2018·江蘇】21.Byboatistheonlywaytogethere,whichis_______wearrived.Key:【解析】考查名詞性從句。句意：乘船是到達(dá)這里唯一的途徑，這就是我們?nèi)绾蔚竭_(dá)的。分析which引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語從句可知，后面為表語從句。分析句意可知，這里用連接副詞how引導(dǎo)表語從句，充當(dāng)方式狀語，表示“如何”。故填how。11.【2018·全國III】I'mnotsure_______ismorefrightened,meorthefemalegorilla(大猩猩）thatsuddenlyappearsoutofnowhere.Key:which22.【2015全國II】Asnaturalarchitects,thePuebloIndiansfiguredoutexactly_________thicktheadobewallsneededtobetomakethecycleworkonmostdays.Key:how23.【2014年廣東卷】Ididn’tunderstand_______thiswouldhappenandmycreditcardhadalreadybeenchargedforthereservation.Key:why24.【2012年廣東卷】Thenewboylookedattheteacherforafewsecondsandalltheotherstudentswondered___________theboywoulddo.Key:what25．【2015·江蘇卷】________LiBai，agreatChinesepoet，wasbornisknowntothepublic，butsomewon'tacceptit.解析：句意：李白是中國一位偉大的詩人，他的出生地是眾所周知的，但有些人不愿接受這一事實(shí)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，agreatChinesepoet做LiBai的同位語，is前面是主語從句，where在主語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語。答案：Where26．【2015·浙江卷】Ifyouswiminariverorlake，besuretoinvestigate________isbelowthewatersurface.Oftentherearerocksorbranchedhiddeninthewater.解析：句意：如果你在河里或湖里游泳，一定要調(diào)查水下有什么東西。(因?yàn)?經(jīng)常會有些巖石或樹枝暗藏在水里。動詞investigate后的賓語從句中缺少主語，故填what。答案：what27．【2015·重慶卷】Wemustfindout________Karliscoming，sowecanbookaroomforhim.解析：句意：我們必須弄明白卡爾什么時候來，為的是我們能給他預(yù)定房間。findout后面跟著賓語從句，根據(jù)句意填when。答案：when28．【2015·安徽卷】Ashipinharborissafe，butthat'snot________shipsarebuiltfor.解析：句意：船停放在海港里是很安全的，但這并非建造船的目的。isn't后跟從句作表語，表語從句中的for后缺少賓語，用what引導(dǎo)，what與for連用，表示目的。答案：what29．【2015·福建卷】—Iwonder________Maryhaskeptherfigureafteralltheseyears.—Byworkingouteveryday.解析：句意：——我好奇瑪麗在這些年是怎么保持著身材的。——通過每天鍛煉。句中I是主語，wonder是謂語，how引導(dǎo)的賓語從句在整個句子中做賓語。連接副詞how是賓語從句中的方式狀語。句子是用表示方式的介詞by回答的，所以是針對方式提問的，故用how。答案：how30．【2015·湖南卷】Youhavetoknow________you'regoingifyouaretoplanthebestwayofgettingthere.解析：句意：如果你要計(jì)劃到達(dá)那里的最佳路線，你就必須知道你要去哪兒。根據(jù)句意可知，此處應(yīng)用where引導(dǎo)賓語從句，在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語。答案：where31．【2015·陜西卷】Readingherbiography，Iwaslostinadmirationfor________DorisLessinghadachievedinliterature.解析：句意：讀完了她的自傳后，我對DorisLessing在文學(xué)上做出的貢獻(xiàn)非常敬佩。介詞for后面是賓語從句，從句中缺少賓語，所以填what。答案：what32．【2014·山東卷】Itisdifficultforustoimagine________lifewaslikeforslavesintheancientworld.解析：句意：我們很難想象古代奴隸們的生活是什么樣子的。根據(jù)分析可知在該空引導(dǎo)的賓語從句中介詞like后面缺少賓語且設(shè)空處表示“事物”，所以填what，用來引導(dǎo)賓語從句。答案：what33．【2014·重慶卷】—IsittruethatMikerefusedanofferfromYaleUniversityyesterday?—Yeah，butIhavenoidea________hedidit；that'soneofhisfavoriteuniversities.解析：句意：——邁克昨天拒絕了耶魯大學(xué)給他的錄取機(jī)會，這是真的嗎？——是的，但是我不知道他為什么會這樣做，那可是他最喜歡的大學(xué)之一。根據(jù)句意填why。why引導(dǎo)同位語從句。答案：why34．【2014·四川卷】Grandmapointedtothehospitalandsaid，“That's________Iwasborn.”解析：句意：奶奶指著那家醫(yī)院說：“那就是我出生的地方?！北绢}考查表語從句。根據(jù)句意可知該空應(yīng)該填表示地點(diǎn)的連接詞引導(dǎo)表語從句，故填where。答案：where(二)單句語法改錯1.【2020·全國卷II】Thankyouforyourletter,whatreallymademehappy.Key:what→which考查非限制性定語從句引導(dǎo)詞和名詞性從句引導(dǎo)詞的的用法。句意：謝謝你的來信，你的信真正讓我開心。分析句子，逗號后的從句為非限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞yourletter，關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語，指物，that不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。故將what改為which；注意：。What不能引導(dǎo)定語從句。2.【2020·全國卷III】Understandinghergoodintentions,IeatallthefoodwhatisprovidedbyMomwithappreciation.Key:what→that【解析】考查定語從句引導(dǎo)詞和名詞性從句引導(dǎo)詞的的用法。句意：出于對媽媽好意的理解，我滿懷感激地吃著媽媽提供的所有食物。這里含有一個定語從句，先行詞是allthefood，關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語，指物，可用that或which，先行詞被all所修飾，只能使用that，不能使用which，且what不能引導(dǎo)定語從句，所以what改成that。3.【2018·全國卷II】ThegamesmyparentstaughtmewhereIwasachildturnedouttobeveryusefullaterinmylife.Key：where→when考查賓語從句的連接詞與時間狀語從句的連接詞。句意：當(dāng)我是個孩子的時候我父母教給我的紙牌游戲在我日后的生活中證明非常有用。whereIwasachild并不是賓語從句連接詞也不是表示地點(diǎn)，而是時間狀語。故把where改為when。4.【2018·全國III】Iwasafraidthattospeakinfrontofalargergroupofpeople.Key:劃掉that5.【2016·全新課標(biāo)I】MyuncleistheownerofarestaurantclosetothatIlive.Key:that→where6.【2016·全新課標(biāo)II】MyclassmatesandIaretalkingabouthowtododuringtheholiday.Key:how→what7.【2015·全國II】Afterlookingatthetoyforsometime,heturnedaroundandfoundwherehisparentsweremissing.Key:where→that8.Ifheisfitforthejobisunknowntoall.Key:If→whether9.Thisisclearthatitismuchcoldertodaythanyesterday.Key:This→It10.Thathetoldusatthegatewasquiteinteresting.Key:That→what11.Idon’tdoubtwhetherhewillcomeintime.Key:whether→that12.Itdependsonifwehaveenoughmoney.Key:if→whether13.Thereasonwhytheywerealwayspoorwaswhichtheypaidlittleattentiontoedu