2021屆高考英語高頻閱讀詞組+練習(xí)(二十四)

-：詞組梳理

1.throwaway拋棄；浪費

2.throwoff扔掉，擺脫掉；匆匆脫掉衣服

3.throwup舉起，拋起；吐出，嘔吐

4.inpublic公開地，當(dāng)眾

5.onpurpose(=byintention,deliberately)故意

6.tothepurpose(=usefulforone*spurpose)得要領(lǐng)的，中肯的

7.bequalifiedin在某種科目或?qū)W科上合格bequalifiedfor在某種職業(yè)上合格

8.calb--inquestion對…表示懷疑

9.takeiteasy放輕松啦啦~慢慢來?

10.takeoff飛機(jī)起飛；匆匆離開；脫去，拿去，取消

11.takeon承擔(dān)；從事；呈現(xiàn)；具有

12.takeout拿出，取出，拔去

13.takeover繼承，接管，最終取代

14.takeup開始從事，著手處理；拿起；占據(jù)；消耗；接納

15.beyond(all)question(=withoutquestion)毫無疑問

16.outofthequestion(impossible)不可能的

17.inquestion(=underdiscussion)所談及的；

18.withoutquestion毫無疑問

19.becaughtintherain被雨淋了

20.atrandom(=withoutaimorpurpose)隨便地，任意地，胡亂地

21.rangeover(=cove,include)范圍包括

22.takedown拿下,取下；拆毀，拆卸；記下

23.lakein吸收，吸取，攝取；包括；接受，收容；理解，領(lǐng)悟；受騙

24.(takeaseat就坐)

25.(takeashower淋浴，洗澡)

26.(takecareof當(dāng)心，注意；照顧；提防；謹(jǐn)慎；處理，對付；負(fù)責(zé))

27.rangebetween范圍在...與....之間不等

28.atanyrate（=atallevents）無論如何，總之

29.beyondthereachof無法達(dá)到（得到,理解）

30.outofreachof無法夠至心withinreachof（orwithinone'sreach夠得到，能拿到

31.reactto對…作出反應(yīng)

32.reactonupon對…產(chǎn)生影響

33.reactagainst作出反抗或反對反應(yīng)

34.（be）readyfor準(zhǔn)備好做…

35.inreality（=infact,really）事實上

36.beyondallreason沒有道理的

37.byreasonof（=becauseof）由于,因為

38.itstandstoreasonthat…理所當(dāng)然

39.reasonwith（=argue）勸說

40.takeaway拿走，減去；奪去，消除

41.takeafter長得像，性格來自于

42.takeback取回，帶回，歸還，取消，撤回

43.take-for把一當(dāng)作

44.（takeone'splace就坐,入坐）

45.（takeone'stemperature量體溫）

46.（takepartin參與，參加）

47.（takeplace=happen發(fā)生，舉行）

48.（taketheplaceof代替）

49.throwabout亂扔（東西）

50.throwat投向

二：習(xí)題訓(xùn)練

(A)

Toaddresstheplasticpollutiontroublingtheworld'sseasandwaterways,CornellUniversity

chemistshavedevelopedanewpolymer（聚合物）thatcandegrade（降解）whenexposedto

ultraviolet（紫夕卜線的）radiation,accordingtotheresearchpublishedintheJournaloftheAmerican

ChemicalSociety.

“Wehavecreatedanewplasticthathasthemechanicalpropertiesrequiredbycommercial

fishinggear.Ifiteventuallygetslostinthewaterenvironment,thismaterialcandegradeona

realistictimescale,“saidleadresearcherBryceLipinski,professorofchemistryandchemical

biologyatCornellUniversity.4tThismaterialcouldreducepersistentplasticaccumulationinthe

environment.”

Commercialfishingcontributestoabouthalfofallfloatingplasticwastethatendsupinthe

oceans.Fishingnetsandropesareprimarilymadefromthreekindsofpolymers,noneofwhich

easilydegrade.4€WhileresearchofdegradableplasticshasreceivedmuchattentioninrecentyearsJ

Lipinskisaid,"obtainingamaterialwiththemechanicalstrengthcomparabletocommercialplastic

remainsadifficultchallenge.^^

Coatesandhisresearchteamhavespentthepast15yearsdevelopingthenewplasticcalled

isotacticpolypropyleneoxide,oriPPO.Whileitsoriginaldiscoverywasin1949,themechanical

strengthofthismaterialwasunknownbeforethisrecentwork.Thehighisotacticityandpolymer

chainlengthoftheirmaterialmakesitdifferentfrompreviousplasticsandprovidesitsmechanical

strength.

LipinskinotedthatwhileiPPOisstableinordinaryuse,iteventuallybreaksdownwhen

exposedtoUVlight.Thechangeintheplastic'scompositionisevidentinthelaboratory,but

“visually,itmaynotappeartohavechangedmuchduringtheprocess,"hesaid,"Therateof

degradationislightintensity-dependent,butundertheirlaboratoryconditions,thepolymerchain

lengthsdegradedtoaquarteroftheiroriginallengthafter30daysofexposure.^^

Lipinskiandotherscientistswantnotraceofthepolymertobeleftintheenvironment.He

notesthereisprecedentforthebiodegradationofsmallchainsofiPPOwhichcouldeffectively

makeitdisappearandongoingeffortsaimtoprovethis.

1.Whatisspecialaboutthenewpolymer?

A.Itcanreduceplasticconsumption.

B.Itisexpectedtolowerfishingcosts.

C.Itcandegradeplasticwasteintheseawater.

D.Ithasbeendevelopedtosolveplasticpollution.

2.Whatcanweinferfromparagraph3?

A.Fishingshouldbeforbiddeninthesea.

B.Itrequiresgreatefforttoinventthenewplastic.

C.Netsandropesarenotthemajorpollutionsource.

D.Degradableplasticswerenotstudieduntilrecently.

3.WhatdidtherecentstudyfindaboutiPPO?

A.Itsoriginaluse.B.Itsspecialintensity.

C.Itsmechanicalstrength.D.Itscomplexcomposition.

4.WhatisLipinski'sattitudetowardsthefutureofiPPO?

A.Hopeful.B.Indifferent.C.Skeptical.D.Negative.

(B)

InancientChinalivedanartist.]paintingswerealmostlifelike.Theartisfs

reputationhadmadehimproud.Onedaytheemperorwantedtogethisportrait(畫像)donesohe

calledallgreatartiststocomeandpresenttheir2(fine)work,sothathecouldchoosethe

best.Theartistwassurehewould.3(choose),butwhenhepresentedhismasterpiecetothe

emperor'schiefminister,theoldnanlaughed.ThewiseoldmantoldhimtotraveltotheLi

River?perhapshecouldlearnalittlefromthegreatestartistintheworld.

Filledwith4(curious),theartistpackedhisbagsandleft.5heaskedthe

villagersonthebanksoftheriverwherehecouldfindthelegendary(傳奇的)artist,theysmiled

and66(point)downtheriver.Thenextmorninghehiredaboatandsetout7(find)

thewell-knownpainter.Asthesmallboatmoved,8(gentle)alongtheriverhewasleft

speechlessbythemountainsbeingsilentlyreflectedinthewater.Hepassedmilkywhitewaterfalls

andmountainsinmanyshadesofblue.Andwhenhesawthemistsrisingfromtheriverandthe

softclouds.9(surround)themountaintops,hewasreducedtotears.Theartistwasfinally

humbled(謙卑)bythegreatestartist10earth,MotherNature.

答案及解析

A

【答案】1.D2.B3.C4.A

【解析】這是一篇說明文。《美國化學(xué)會志》上發(fā)表的一項研究中提到，為了解決困擾世界

海洋和水道的塑料污染問題，康奈爾大學(xué)的化學(xué)家們研發(fā)了一種新的聚合物，該聚合物暴露

在紫外線輻射下可降解。文章主要說明了這一新材料的一些特點優(yōu)勢，和仍然面臨的一些問

題。

1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段Toaddresstheplasticpollutiontroublingtheworld'sseasand

waterways,CornellUniversitychemistshavedevelopedanewpolymer（聚合物）thatcandegrade

（降解）whenexposedtoultraviolet（紫夕卜線的）radiation,accordingtotheresearchpublishedinthe

JoumaloftheAmerictmChemicalSociety.可知,根據(jù)發(fā)表在《美國化學(xué)學(xué)會雜志》上的研究,

為了解決困擾世界海洋和水道的塑料污染問題，康奈爾大學(xué)的化學(xué)家們開發(fā)了一種新的聚合

物，這種聚合物暴露在紫外線輻射下可以降解。由此可知，這種新型聚合物的特別之處在于

它是為了解決塑料污染而發(fā)展起來的。故選D。

2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“Whileresearchofdegradableplasticshasreceivedmuchattention

inrecentyears,"Lipinskisaid,''obtainingamaterialwiththemechanicalstrengthcomparableto

commercialplasticremainsadifficultchallenge.’'可知，Lipinski說：“雖然近年來可降解塑料的

研究受到了很大關(guān)注，但獲得一種機(jī)械強(qiáng)度可與商業(yè)塑料媲美的材料仍然是一項艱巨的挑

戰(zhàn)。”由此推知，發(fā)明這種新塑料需要很大的努力。故選B。

3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中Thehighisotacticityandpolymerchainlengthoftheirmaterial

makesitdifferentfrompreviousplasticsandprovidesitsmechanicalstrength.可知，其材料的高

等度和聚合物鏈長度使其不同于以往的塑料?，并提供了機(jī)械強(qiáng)度。由此可知，最近的研究發(fā)

現(xiàn)了iPPO可以提供機(jī)械強(qiáng)度。故選C。

4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段Lipinskiandotherscientistswantnotraceofthepolymertobeleft

intheenvironment.HenotesthereisprecedentforthebiodegradationofsmallchainsofiPPO

whichcouldeffectivelymakeitdisappearandongoingeffortsaimtoprovethis.nJ知，Lipinski和

其他科學(xué)家不希望這種聚合物殘留在環(huán)境中。他指出，iPPO小鏈的生物降解已有先例，可

以有效地使其消失，而正在進(jìn)行的努力旨在證明這一點。由此推知，Lipinski對iPPO未來

的態(tài)度是充滿希望的。故選A。

B

【解析】這是一篇記敘文。主要記敘了一位畫家畫畫栩栩如生，有一天他將畫送給宰相

時，這位睿智的老人告訴他去漓江旅行——也許他可以從世界上最偉大的藝術(shù)家那里學(xué)到一

些東西。畫家最后發(fā)現(xiàn)這位世界上最偉大的藝術(shù)家就是大自然母親。

1.考查定語從句。句意：中國古代有一位畫家，他的畫幾乎栩栩如生。此處為定語從句

修飾先行詞artist,且先行詞在從句中作定語，故應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞whose。故填whose。

2.考查最高級。句意：一天，皇帝想讓人給他畫一幅肖像，于是他把所有偉大的畫家都

請來，展示他們最好的作品，以便他挑選最好的。結(jié)合句意，皇帝想要畫家最好的作品，表

示“最好的''此處應(yīng)用形容詞最高級finest,故填finesto

3.考查動詞語態(tài)。句意：畫家確信他會被選中，但是當(dāng)他把他的杰作送給皇帝的宰相時，

這位老人笑了。本句中主語he與謂語動詞choose構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系，且would后跟動詞原形。

故填bechosen<>

4..考查名詞。句意：懷著好奇心，藝術(shù)家收拾行囊