MACHINE

SAFETY

TRAINING

PROGRAM機(jī)械安全培訓(xùn)MACHINE

SAFETY

-

INTRODUCTION2INTRODUCTION

介紹

Responsibility

of

the

employers

企業(yè)的責(zé)任

Is

to

provide

a

safe

and

healthy

work

place

for

their

employees;

which

is

free

from

recognized

hazards

likely

to

cause

death

or

physical

harm

為員工提供一個(gè)安全健康的工作場(chǎng)所，遠(yuǎn)離可能導(dǎo)致死亡或者

肢體損傷的危險(xiǎn)源

In

general,

common

workplace

injuries

by

moving

machinery

parts

are

在工廠工作場(chǎng)所中常見的由于運(yùn)動(dòng)機(jī)械部件造成的傷害有

?crushed

fingers

or

hands,

手指/手部的粉碎性創(chuàng)傷

?amputations,

肢體的截?cái)?/p>

?burns,

or

blindness

燒傷或者失明

Can

employers

protect/

prevent

workers

from

work

place

injuries?

企業(yè)是否

可以保護(hù)/防止工人遭受工傷？

YES！可以！MACHINE

SAFETY

-

THE

PROCESS3

THE

PROCESS

流程Identifying

Machinery

SafetyHazards

確定機(jī)械安全危險(xiǎn)源

Control

or

eliminate

Machinery

Hazards

控制或排除機(jī)械危險(xiǎn)源

Safety

Interventions

安全干預(yù)

Personal

Protective

Equipment

(PPE)個(gè)人防護(hù)用品4IDENTIFYING

MACHINE

SAFETYHAZARDS確定機(jī)械安全危險(xiǎn)源Incident

Pyramid

事故金字塔MACHINE

SAFETY-

IDENTIFYING

MACHINERY

SAFETY

HAZARDS7(Accident/Incidence)(Serious

Accident)

(Slight

Accident)(Property

loss

Accident)

(Deviation/Hazards)

(Lack

of

control

or

management

system

)MACHINE

SAFETY-

IDENTIFYING

MACHINERY

SAFETY

HAZARDS10HAZARD

危險(xiǎn)源

RISK風(fēng)險(xiǎn)DESCRIPTION

描述

PICTORIALREPRESENTATION

圖示Caused

by

frictionConveyor

belts,pulleys傳送帶和滑輪Robotic

arms

andmobile

machinery機(jī)械臂和移動(dòng)機(jī)械A(chǔ)brasion

擦傷

Impact

沖撞between

movingpart

and

skin.由皮膚和運(yùn)動(dòng)部件的摩擦造成Caused

when

bodypart

struck

(but

notpenetrated)

bymoving

part.由運(yùn)動(dòng)部件對(duì)肢體的撞擊（未穿透）造成TECHNICAL

OVERVIEW

技術(shù)概要Machines

have

moving

parts.

The

action

of

moving

parts

may

have

sufficientforce

in

motion

to

cause

injury

to

people.機(jī)械的運(yùn)動(dòng)部件所帶有的動(dòng)能可能會(huì)對(duì)人員造成傷害。Common

mechanical

hazards

and

associated

risks

for

machinery

and

equipmentare

shown

below以下是常見的機(jī)械傷害以及相關(guān)的機(jī)械設(shè)備:TECHNICAL

OVERVIEW

技術(shù)技術(shù)概要MACHINE

SAFETY-

IDENTIFYING

MACHINERY

SAFETY

HAZARDS11Rotating

shafts,Caused

when

bodypullies,

sprocketsand

gears轉(zhuǎn)軸，滑輪，鏈齒和齒輪Hard

surfacesmoving

together移動(dòng)接觸的堅(jiān)硬表面Sharp

edge

–moving

orstationary移動(dòng)或靜止的尖銳邊緣Entanglement

絞入

Crushing

粉碎性傷害

Cutting

or

puncturing

割傷或刺傷part

becomes

caughton/in

machine

parts.由肢體卷入機(jī)械部件的造成Caused

when

machineparts

move

towardseach

other

and

bodypart

is

caught

inbetween當(dāng)機(jī)械部件相互撞擊，肢體處于撞擊區(qū)域之間造成Caused

when

bodypart

punctured

bymoving

part由肢體被移動(dòng)部件穿刺造成?Environment

Factors

環(huán)境因素生產(chǎn)環(huán)境中的危險(xiǎn)和有害因素.The

dangerous

and

hazard

factors

from

the

production

environment.?

Management

Factors管理因素管理和管理責(zé)任缺失所導(dǎo)致的危險(xiǎn)和有害因素.The

dangerous

and

hazard

factors

due

to

lack

of

management

and

management

responsibility

The

Root

Cause

Of

Mechanical

Hazards:

機(jī)械危害的根源及性質(zhì)?

Personal

Factors

人的因素The

dangerous

and

hazard

factors

from

the

product

activity.在生產(chǎn)活動(dòng)中,來(lái)自人員或人為性質(zhì)的危害和有害因素.?

Material

Factors

物的因素The

dangerous

and

hazard

factors

from

machine,

equipment,

facility

and

material機(jī)械,設(shè)備,設(shè)施,材料等方面存在的危險(xiǎn)和有害因素.MACHINE

SAFETY

-

IDENTIFYING

MACHINERY

SAFETY

HAZARDS12MACHINE

SAFETY-

IDENTIFYING

MACHINERY

SAFETY

HAZARDS13

PROCESS

FOR

IDENTIFYING

HAZARDS

確定危險(xiǎn)源的步驟

Understanding

Mechanical

hazards

了解機(jī)械危險(xiǎn)源When

reviewing

machinery

and

equipment

for

possible

mechanical

hazards,consider:

Machinery

and

equipment

在尋找可能的機(jī)械危險(xiǎn)源的時(shí)候，請(qǐng)關(guān)注以下機(jī)械設(shè)備：

?Stable

machine

that

can

be

reached

by

people

人員可以接觸到的靜止機(jī)械設(shè)備。

?With

moving

parts

that

can

be

reached

by

people

人員可以接觸到運(yùn)動(dòng)部件的機(jī)械設(shè)備

?

That

can

eject

objects

(parts,

components,

products

or

waste

items)

that

may

strike

a

person

with

sufficient

force

to

cause

harm可以彈射出物件（部件，零件，產(chǎn)品或者廢料）而

且彈射力足以造成傷害的機(jī)械設(shè)備

?

With

moving

parts

that

can

reach

people

such

as

booms

or

mechanical

arms

有移動(dòng)部件如吊臂或者機(jī)械臂可以接觸到人員的機(jī)械設(shè)備

?

Mobile

machinery

and

equipment,

such

as

forklifts,

pallet

jacks,

earth

moving

equipment,

operated

in

areas

where

people

may

gain

access.

在人員可能進(jìn)入的地點(diǎn)操作的移動(dòng)機(jī)械設(shè)備，如叉車，托盤千斤頂，推土機(jī)等。The

Common

Mechanical

Hazards

常見的機(jī)械危險(xiǎn)源MACHINE

SAFETY-

IDENTIFYING

MACHINERY

SAFETY

HAZARDS14The

Common

Mechanical

Hazards

常見的機(jī)械危險(xiǎn)源MACHINE

SAFETY-

IDENTIFYING

MACHINERY

SAFETY

HAZARDS15MACHINE

SAFETY-

IDENTIFYING

MACHINERY

SAFETY

HAZARDS16PROCESS

FOR

IDENTIFYING

HAZARDS

確定危險(xiǎn)源的步驟Understanding

common

hazards

by

type

of

workplace

activity通過(guò)工作活動(dòng)的種類了解常見危險(xiǎn)源People

operating

machines

and

equipment

could

操作機(jī)器設(shè)備的人員:?

Be

required

to

place

their

hands

close

to

the

mechanism

of

the

machinery

orequipment

that

does

the

work,

and

may

be

injured

if

caught

or

trapped

by

movingparts

被要求將雙手放在靠近機(jī)器設(shè)備的工作點(diǎn)，可能受到移動(dòng)部件的傷害?

Be

exposed

to

constant

harmful

noise,

radiated

energy

or

fumes

being

emittedfrom

machinery

and

equipment

they

are

operating

or

are

close

to

暴露于持續(xù)的有害噪音，放射性的能量或者靠近的機(jī)械設(shè)備排放的廢氣?

Inadvertently

bump

or

knock

poorly

placed

control

levers

or

buttons

不小心地觸碰到錯(cuò)誤放置的控制桿或控制按鈕?

Be

required

to

make

adjustments

to

the

mechanism

of

machinery

and

equipmentwhile

the

machine

is

in

motion

被要求在運(yùn)作的機(jī)械設(shè)備上進(jìn)行調(diào)試?

Be

required

to

clear

away

scrap

被要求清理殘留物料MACHINE

SAFETY-

IDENTIFYING

MACHINERY

SAFETY

HAZARDS17

PROCESS

FOR

IDENTIFYING

HAZARDS

確定危險(xiǎn)源的步驟People

who

installordismantle

machines

and

equipment

could安裝或者拆解機(jī)械設(shè)備的人員:?

Work

in

isolation

在絕緣條件下工作?

Work

on

machines

and

equipment

at

height

or

over

machinery

or

equipment

toconnect

services

(such

as

electricity,

air

or

water)

在機(jī)械頂部或者在高處的機(jī)械設(shè)備上連接管線，如接電，接水，接氣?

Work

in

low

light

or

with

bright

directional

light

在低光線或者明亮的直射光線下?

Access

machinery

and

equipment

from

the

top,

sides

or

underneath

接觸到機(jī)械頂部，底部，邊緣?

Work

with/near

cranes,

forklift

or

rigging

to

lift

machinery

and

equipment

在塔吊，叉車,吊索附近工作?

Work

in

confined

spaces

在有限空間內(nèi)工作?

Use

power

tools,

welders,

extension

leads,

which

present

electrical

hazards

ifdamaged

or

wet

如果設(shè)備損壞或者潮濕,

使用電動(dòng)工具,電焊,延長(zhǎng)導(dǎo)線可能帶來(lái)電氣危險(xiǎn)MACHINE

SAFETY-

IDENTIFYING

MACHINERY

SAFETY

HAZARDS18PROCESS

FOR

IDENTIFYING

HAZARDS確定危險(xiǎn)源的步驟People

providing

maintenanceorrepair

services

could維護(hù)維修設(shè)備的人員:?

Access

machines

and

equipment

from

the

rear

sides

從機(jī)械設(shè)備后部接觸設(shè)備?

Need

to

enter

confined

spaces

of

larger

machinery

and

equipment

需要進(jìn)入大型機(jī)械設(shè)備內(nèi)部空間?

Be

trapped

by

mechanism

of

the

machinery

and

equipment

through

poor

isolationof

energy

sources

or

stored

energy,

such

as

spring

loaded

or

counter

balancemechanisms,

compressed

air

or

fluids

or

parts

held

in

position

by

hydraulics

orpneumatic

(air)

rams

可能接觸到機(jī)械設(shè)備中絕緣較差的情況,或者設(shè)備中內(nèi)部積蓄的能量,比如負(fù)載的彈簧,配重裝置,氣動(dòng)設(shè)備中的壓縮氣體,液壓設(shè)備中的液壓油?

Disable

or

remove

normal

safety

systems

to

access

machines

and

equipmentmechanism

禁用或者移除正常的安全系統(tǒng)MACHINE

SAFETY-

IDENTIFYING

MACHINERY

SAFETY

HAZARDS19PROCESS

FOR

IDENTIFYING

HAZARDS確定危險(xiǎn)源的步驟People

providing

cleaningservices

could清掃設(shè)備的人員:?

Access

machines

and

equipment

from

the

rear

of

sides

or

in

unexpected

ways

從機(jī)械設(shè)備后部或者以其他非正常方式靠近機(jī)械設(shè)備?

Climb

on

machines

and

equipment

攀爬機(jī)械設(shè)備?

Enter

confined

spaces

of

larger

machines

and

equipment

進(jìn)入大型機(jī)械設(shè)備的內(nèi)部空間?

Work

with

chemicals

使用化學(xué)品?

Operate

electrical

equipment

in

wet

areas

在潮濕區(qū)域使用電器MACHINE

SAFETY-

IDENTIFYING

MACHINERY

SAFETY

HAZARDS21

Summary

總結(jié)MUST

必須:?

Conduct

risk

assessments

with

respect

to

machine

and

equipment

hazard

針對(duì)機(jī)械設(shè)備危險(xiǎn)源進(jìn)行風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估

Mechanical

Hazards

機(jī)械性危險(xiǎn)

Non

Mechanical

Hazards

非機(jī)械性危險(xiǎn)

Access

Hazards

接觸性危險(xiǎn)?

Understand

common

hazards

by

type

of

workplace

activity

根據(jù)工作活動(dòng)的種類了解常見的危險(xiǎn)源?

Factory

should

have

machine

safety

committee,

constituted

of

management,worker

representatives

and

maintenance

team

to

address

concerns

related

tomachine

safety.工廠應(yīng)當(dāng)有由管理層,員工代表,維修人員組成的機(jī)械安全委員會(huì)處理解決有關(guān)機(jī)械安全的隱患。22CONTROL/ELIMINATE

MACHINERYHAZARD控制/排除機(jī)械危險(xiǎn)源MACHINE

SAFETY

-

INTRODUCTION23?

In

order

to

minimize

or

isolate

the

reach

of

worker

to

hazard

area;

barriers

such

as

machine

guards

or

safe

guard

devices

is

put

in

place.

為減少或隔絕員工接觸危險(xiǎn)區(qū)域，

安裝如機(jī)械護(hù)欄或安全防護(hù)裝置。?

Information

&

Planning

信息和計(jì)劃?

Training

培訓(xùn)?

Written

policies

&

procedures

書面政策和程

序?

Safe

work

practices

安全操作流程?

Environmental

&

Medical

surveillance環(huán)境

和醫(yī)療監(jiān)測(cè)Engineering

controls

工程控制

Administrative

controls

管理控制????Gloves

手套Goggles

護(hù)目鏡Safety

jackets/coats

安全夾克/外套R(shí)espirators口罩Personal

ProtectiveEquipment

controls

個(gè)人防護(hù)INTRODUCTION

介紹The

first

step

to

improve

machine

safety

is

to

eliminate

orcontrol

hazards改善機(jī)械安全的第一步是排除或控制危險(xiǎn)源24MACHINE

SAFETY-

IDENTIFYING

MACHINERY

SAFETY

HAZARDSThe

Process

to

control

the

mechanical

hazards

機(jī)械風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理控制思路

(Control

Level)

(PPE)

(Training)

(Procedure)

(Exposure)

(Isolation)

(Replacement)

(Eliminate

the

Hazards)MACHINE

SAFETY-

CONTROL/ELIMINATE

MACHINERY

HAZARD26TERMINOLOGY

術(shù)語(yǔ)Guard

防護(hù)阻隔A

barrier

that

prevents

exposure

to

an

identified

hazard.為防止員工暴露于已知危險(xiǎn)源而設(shè)立的防護(hù)阻擋。Safeguarding

device

安全防護(hù)裝置:A

device

that

detects

or

prevents

inadvertent

access

to

a

hazard.探測(cè)或者防止無(wú)心之失的裝置。Awareness

device

警告:A

barrier,

signal

or

sign

that

warns

individuals

of

an

approaching

or

presenthazard.用于警示危險(xiǎn)的護(hù)欄，標(biāo)志或者信號(hào)。Safeguarding

method

安全防護(hù)措施:Safeguarding

implemented

to

protect

individuals

from

hazards

by

the

physicalarrangement

of

distance,

holding,

openings,

or

positioning

of

the

machine

ormachine

production

system

to

ensure

that

the

operator

cannot

reach

the

hazard.一種通過(guò)調(diào)整機(jī)械設(shè)備安放的位置，距離，開口大小等確保操作者無(wú)法接觸到危險(xiǎn)源的措施。MACHINE

SAFETY-

CONTROL/ELIMINATE

MACHINERY

HAZARD27TECHNICAL

OVERVIEW

技術(shù)概要Introduction

介紹-

Control

of

machinery

hazards

控制機(jī)械危險(xiǎn)源Separation

is

a

simple

and

effective

machinery

and

equipment

risk

control.隔絕是一種簡(jiǎn)單有效的機(jī)械設(shè)備危險(xiǎn)的控制方法。Separation

may

be

achieved

by

distance,

barrier

or

time.隔絕可以通過(guò)距離，阻隔或者時(shí)間來(lái)實(shí)行。

?

Distance

separation

means

a

person

cannot

reach

the

hazard

due

to

distance.

距離隔絕指一個(gè)人由于距離因素?zé)o法接觸到危險(xiǎn)源。

?

Barrier

separation

means

an

effective

barrier

or

guard

denies

access

and

controls

ejection

of

parts,

produces

or

waste.

阻隔隔絕指使用有效的護(hù)欄防止通過(guò)或者控制部件，產(chǎn)品或者廢品的彈出。

?

Time

separation

means

at

the

time

of

access,

the

machinery

or

equipment

is

disabled.

時(shí)間阻隔指在員工可以接觸到危險(xiǎn)源的時(shí)候，機(jī)械或者設(shè)備處于禁用狀態(tài)。Examplesinclude

舉例:

?

Physical

barriers

and

guards

such

as

fences,

screens

or

fixed

panels

of

various

materials實(shí)體的護(hù)欄和阻隔比如柵欄，屏障，或者固定的面板

?

Various

forms

of

guarding

and

interlocking

各種形式的防護(hù)和聯(lián)鎖裝置MACHINE

SAFETY-

CONTROL/ELIMINATE

MACHINERY

HAZARD28TECHNICAL

OVERVIEW

技術(shù)概要Safeguarding

is

essential

for

protecting

employees

from

needless

andpreventable

injury.

A

good

rule

to

remember

is安全防護(hù)對(duì)于保護(hù)員工免受可避免的傷害有不可缺少的作用。它的原則是:

Any

machine

part,

function,

or

process

that

may

cause

injury

must

be

safeguarded.

任何可能導(dǎo)致傷害的機(jī)械部件，功能或者工藝必須安裝安全防護(hù)。In

terms

of

controlling

amputation

hazards,

employees

are

protected

fromhazardous

machine

work

activities

either

by針對(duì)控制截?cái)囡L(fēng)險(xiǎn)，員工可以通過(guò)以下方式避免和危險(xiǎn)機(jī)械有關(guān)的工作活動(dòng)1]

effective

machine

safeguarding,

or

有效的機(jī)械安全防護(hù)，或者2]

Lock

Out/

Tag

Out

where

safeguards

are

rendered

ineffective

or

do

notprotect

employees

from

hazardous

energy

during

servicing

andmaintenance

operations.在機(jī)械設(shè)備進(jìn)行保養(yǎng)維護(hù)，安全防護(hù)處于關(guān)閉狀態(tài)下，采用鎖閉和標(biāo)示的方式保護(hù)員工。MACHINE

SAFETY-

CONTROL/ELIMINATE

MACHINERY

HAZARD29

EFFECTIVE

PROCESS

有效措施1.

CONTROL

OF

MACHINE

HAZARDS

BY

USE

OF

MACHINE

GUARDS

使用機(jī)械防護(hù)控制機(jī)械危險(xiǎn)源2.

CONTROL

OF

MACHINE

HAZARDS

BY

USE

OF

SAFEGUARD

DEVICES

使用安全防護(hù)裝置控制機(jī)械危險(xiǎn)源3.

CONTROL

OF

MACHINE

HAZARDS

BY

CONTROLLING

HAZARDOUS

ENERGY

[LOTO]

通過(guò)控制危險(xiǎn)的能量源控制機(jī)械危險(xiǎn)源4.

CONTROL

OF

MACHINE

HAZARDS

BY

TRAINING

EMPLOYEES

通過(guò)培訓(xùn)員工控制機(jī)械危險(xiǎn)源。MACHINE

SAFETY-

CONTROL/ELIMINATE

MACHINERY

HAZARD30

EFFECTIVE

PROCESS

有效措施1.

CONTROL

OF

MACHINE

HAZARDS

BY

USE

OF

MACHINE

GUARDS使用機(jī)械防護(hù)控制機(jī)械危險(xiǎn)源Guarding

防護(hù)A

Guard

can

perform

several

functions:

it

can

deny

bodily

access,

contain

ejected

parts,tools,

off-cuts

or

swath,

prevent

emissions

escaping

or

form

part

of

a

safe

working

platform.防護(hù)有多種作用：可以防止接觸，阻擋彈射出的部件，工具，碎片，防止廢氣泄漏，或者構(gòu)成一個(gè)安全的工作平臺(tái)。Guarding

is

commonly

used

with

machinery

and

equipment

to

prevent

access

to防護(hù)通常用于以下情況:1.2.3.4.5.Rotating

end

drums

of

belt

conveyors傳送帶兩端的滾筒Moving

augers

of

auger

conveyors螺旋傳送機(jī)Rotating

shafts

轉(zhuǎn)軸Moving

parts

that

do

not

require

regular

adjustment

無(wú)需定期調(diào)整的移動(dòng)部件Machine

transmissions,

such

a

pulley

and

belt

drives,

chain

drives,

exposed

drive

gears機(jī)械傳動(dòng)裝置，比如滑輪，皮帶輪，鏈條，外露的齒輪6.

Any

dangerous

moving

parts,

machines

or

equipment.

以

及其他危險(xiǎn)的移動(dòng)部件和機(jī)械設(shè)備

EFFECTIVE

PROCESS

有效措施Commonly

used

machine

guards

常用的機(jī)械防護(hù)

TYPE

種類Fixed固定防護(hù)

METHOD

OF

SAFE

GUARDING

安全防護(hù)方法Barrier

that

allowsfor

stock

feedingbut

does

not

permitoperator

to

reachthe

danger

area.允許送料但是操作者無(wú)法接觸危險(xiǎn)區(qū)域

ADVANTAGES

優(yōu)點(diǎn)?Can

be

constructedto

suit

manyapplications.可以適合多種應(yīng)用。?Permanentlyencloses

the

point

ofoperation

or

hazardarea永久性的封閉操作點(diǎn)或者危險(xiǎn)區(qū)域

APPLICATION

說(shuō)明Where

access

is

notanticipated,

a

fixed

guardcan

be

permanentlyapplied

by

binding

agent,welding

or

secured

withone-way

screws.用粘合，焊接或者單向螺絲永久安裝在禁止接觸的危險(xiǎn)區(qū)域Adjustable可調(diào)節(jié)防護(hù)Barrier

that

adjustsfor

a

variety

ofproductionoperations.可以根據(jù)不同生產(chǎn)需求調(diào)節(jié)的防護(hù)?Can

be

constructedto

suit

manyapplications.可以適合多種應(yīng)用?Can

be

adjusted

toadminister

varyingIncorporates

movablesections

or

panels

of

theguard

and

allows

formaterial

or

parts

to

be

fedinto

the

guarded

area

whilepreventing

bodily

contact結(jié)合可以移動(dòng)的面板，允許stock

sizes可以根據(jù)物

將物料/零件送入防護(hù)區(qū)域

并限

肢體接EFFECTIVE

PROCESS有效措施MACHINE

SAFETY-

CONTROL/ELIMINATE

MACHINERY

HAZARD32SelfAdjusting自調(diào)節(jié)防護(hù)Barrier

that

movesaccording

to

thesize

of

the

stockentering

point

ofoperation.根據(jù)進(jìn)入物料的尺寸自動(dòng)調(diào)節(jié)的防護(hù)。?Off

the

self

guardsare

oftencommerciallyavailable此類防護(hù)可以購(gòu)買Application

on

band

saw,circular

saw,

radial

armsaw,

table

saw

etc..安裝于帶鋸，圓鋸，旋臂鋸，鋸床等Interlockingbarrierguards聯(lián)鎖防護(hù)Shuts

off

ordisengages

powerand

preventsmachine

fromstarting

up

whenguard

is

open.

當(dāng)防護(hù)被激活時(shí)，自動(dòng)關(guān)閉機(jī)械或者切斷電源防止機(jī)械啟動(dòng)。?Allows

access

forsome

minor

servicingwork,

in

accordancewith

the

lock-out/tagout

exception,

withouttime

consumingremoval

of

fixedguards.配合鎖閉/標(biāo)示操作，無(wú)需費(fèi)時(shí)的拆卸防護(hù)，即可進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)單的維護(hù)occurs

when

the

act

ofmoving

the

guard

(opening,sliding

or

removing)

toallow

access

stops

theaction

of

the

hazardousmechanism.當(dāng)觸動(dòng)防護(hù)時(shí)，如拆卸防護(hù)，自動(dòng)停止危險(xiǎn)部件的運(yùn)作EFFECTIVE

PROCESS有效措施MACHINE

SAFETY-

CONTROL/ELIMINATE

MACHINERY

HAZARD33FIXED

GUARDS

固定防護(hù)ADJUSTABLE

GUARDS

可調(diào)節(jié)防護(hù)SELF

ADJUSTABLE

GUARDS

自調(diào)節(jié)防護(hù)MACHINE

SAFETY-

CONTROL/ELIMINATE

MACHINERY

HAZARD34EFFECTIVE

PROCESS有效措施Interlock

guarding

works

by聯(lián)鎖防護(hù)起效方式:

?

Mechanicallydisconnecting

the

drive

mechanism

(applies

a

brake

or

disengages

a

clutch

or

geared

mechanism)

機(jī)械性地?cái)嚅_驅(qū)動(dòng)系統(tǒng)

（比

如使用剎車，或者斷開離合器/齒輪）

?

Isolatingthepowersource

of

the

drive

mechanism

(stops

the

motor)

斷開驅(qū)動(dòng)系

統(tǒng)的電源

?

A

combination

of

mechanical

and

power

disconnection.

組合以上兩種方式Interlock

guarding

is

generally

achieved

viamechanicalorelectrical

means,

but

mayalso

include

hydraulicorpneumatic

controlsystems.聯(lián)鎖防護(hù)通常通過(guò)機(jī)械/電氣手段起效，但也可能包括液壓或者氣動(dòng)控制系統(tǒng)。MACHINE

SAFETY-

CONTROL/ELIMINATE

MACHINERY

HAZARD35

EFFECTIVE

PROCESS

有效措施2.

CONTROL

OF

MACHINE

HAZARDS

BY

USE

OF

SAFEGUARD

DEVICES

使用安全防護(hù)裝置控制機(jī)械危險(xiǎn)源

Safeguarding

devices

安全防護(hù)裝置

Safeguarding

devices

are

controls

or

attachments

that,

when

properly

designed,

applied

and

used,

usually

prevent

inadvertent

access

by

employees

to

hazardous

machine

areas

by安全防護(hù)裝置是一種控制器或者附件，通過(guò)合理設(shè)計(jì)安裝和使用，

安全防護(hù)裝置可以防止員工由于疏忽而接觸到機(jī)械的危險(xiǎn)區(qū)域:

1.Preventing

hazardous

machine

component

operation

if

your

hand

or

body

part

is

inadvertently

placed

in

a

danger

area如果手部或者身體意外地處于危險(xiǎn)區(qū)域，自動(dòng)阻

止機(jī)械的危險(xiǎn)部件運(yùn)作;

2.Restraining

or

withdrawing

your

hands

from

the

danger

area

during

machine

operation在機(jī)械運(yùn)作期間限制或者將雙手從危險(xiǎn)區(qū)域拉回;

3.Requiring

the

use

of

both

of

your

hands

on

machine

controls

(or

the

use

of

one

hand

if

the

control

is

mounted

at

a

safe

distance

from

the

danger

area)

that

are

mounted

at

a

predetermined

safety

distance需要使用雙手同時(shí)控制機(jī)器或者在控制器

安裝在一個(gè)預(yù)設(shè)的安全距離的情況下，單手控制機(jī)器;

or

4.Providing

a

barrier

which

is

synchronized

with

the

operating

cycle

in

order

to

prevent

entry

to

the

danger

area

during

the

hazardous

part

of

the

cycle采用一個(gè)和機(jī)

器運(yùn)作周期同步的防護(hù)欄在有危險(xiǎn)的運(yùn)作周期中阻止人員接觸危險(xiǎn)區(qū)域.MACHINE

SAFETY-

CONTROL/ELIMINATE

MACHINERY

HAZARD36EFFECTIVE

PROCESS

有效措施Types

of

Safeguarding

devices

安全防護(hù)裝置的種類

TYPE

種類PullbackDevices拉回裝置RestraintDevices限制裝置

METHOD

OF

SAFEGUARDING

方法說(shuō)明Cords

connected

to

operator’swrists

and

linked

mechanically

tothe

machine

automaticallywithdrawing

the

hands

from

thepoint

of

operation

during

themachine

cycle.將繩索兩端連接在操作者手腕和機(jī)械上，使繩索隨著機(jī)械的運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)自動(dòng)拉回操作者的雙手Wrists

are

connected

by

cords

andsecured

to

a

fixed

anchor

pointwhich

limit

operator’s

hands

fromreaching

the

point

of

operation

atany

time將手腕通過(guò)繩索連接在一個(gè)固定點(diǎn)，限制操作者的手觸碰到操作點(diǎn)

ADVANTAGES

優(yōu)點(diǎn)?

Allows

the

hands

to

enter

thepoint

of

operation

for

feeding

andremoval.允許雙手進(jìn)入操作點(diǎn)送料?

Provides

protection

even

in

theevent

of

mechanical

repeat.在機(jī)械重復(fù)中提供保護(hù)?

Simple,

few

moving

parts;

requireslittle

maintenance

簡(jiǎn)單，減少活動(dòng)件，基本不需要維護(hù)?

Operator

cannot

reach

the

dangerarea操作者無(wú)法接觸危險(xiǎn)區(qū)域?

Little

risk

of

mechanical

failure;provides

protection

even

in

the

eventof

mechanical

repeat.機(jī)械故障風(fēng)險(xiǎn)小，在機(jī)械重復(fù)中提供保護(hù)EFFECTIVE

PROCESSMACHINE

SAFETY-

CONTROL/ELIMINATE

MACHINERY

HAZARD37Presence-Sensingdevices感應(yīng)裝置Two-HandControl雙手控制Gate防護(hù)門Interlock

into

the

machine’s

controlsystem

to

stop

operation

when

thesensing

field

(photoelectric,

radiofrequency,

or

electro-magnetic)

isdisturbed.聯(lián)鎖至機(jī)器的控制系統(tǒng)，當(dāng)感應(yīng)到干擾，自動(dòng)停止機(jī)器運(yùn)作Requires

concurrent

and

continueduse

of

both

hands,

preventingthem

from

entering

danger

area.要求同時(shí)持續(xù)使用雙手，防止雙手進(jìn)入危險(xiǎn)區(qū)域Applicable

to

mechanical

powerpresses.

Provides

barrier

betweendanger

area

and

operator

untilcompletion

of

machine

cycle.適用于沖壓機(jī)，在運(yùn)作周期完成前在危險(xiǎn)區(qū)域和操作者之間提供防護(hù)?

Adjusts

to

fit

different

stock

sizes.

可調(diào)節(jié)尺寸?

Allows

access

to

load

and

unload

themachine.

允許進(jìn)行送料和取料?

Allows

access

to

the

guarded

area

formaintenance

and

set-up

activities.

允許對(duì)保護(hù)區(qū)域進(jìn)行維護(hù)和設(shè)置?

Operator’s

hands

are

at

a

predeterminedsafety

distance.

操作者的雙手處于預(yù)設(shè)的安全距離?

Operator’s

hands

are

free

to

pick

up

newparts

after

completion

of

first

part

of

cycle.操作者的雙手在完成第一輪的周期可以自由地抓取新的部件?

Prevents

operator

from

reaching

intodanger

area

during

machine

cycle.

防止操作者在運(yùn)作周期中接觸危險(xiǎn)區(qū)域?

Provides

protection

from

machine

repeat.在機(jī)械重復(fù)中提供保護(hù)EFFECTIVE

PROCESS有效措施MACHINE

SAFETY-

CONTROL/ELIMINATE

MACHINERY

HAZARD38PULL

BACK

DEVICES

拉回裝置RESTRAINT

DEVICES

限制裝置MACHINE

SAFETY-

CONTROL/ELIMINATE

MACHINERY

HAZARD39EFFECTIVE

PROCESS有效措施

PRESENCE

SENSING

DEVICE感應(yīng)裝置

TWO-HANDCONTROL

DEVICE

雙手控制裝置MACHINE

SAFETY-

CONTROL/ELIMINATE

MACHINERY

HAZARD40EFFECTIVE

PROCESS有效措施

GATE

CONTROL

DEVICE

防護(hù)門控制裝置GATE

OPEN

防護(hù)門開啟GATE

CLOSED

防護(hù)門關(guān)閉MACHINE

SAFETY-

CONTROL/ELIMINATE

MACHINERY

HAZARD41

EFFECTIVE

PROCESS

有效措施3.

CONTROL

OF

MACHINE

HAZARDS

BY

CONTROLLING

HAZARDOUS

ENERGY

[LOTO]

通過(guò)控制危險(xiǎn)能量源來(lái)控制機(jī)器危險(xiǎn)The

energy

stored

in

moving

parts

(momentum)

can

cause

the

mechanism

of

themachine

or

equipment

to

run

on

for

some

time

after

the

source

of

driving

energyhas

been

removed.

Also

accidental

start-up

or

movement

of

a

machine

mechanismcan

occur

if儲(chǔ)存在設(shè)備運(yùn)動(dòng)部件的能源（動(dòng)能）可以使機(jī)器設(shè)備在能源被切斷后依然運(yùn)行一段時(shí)間。以下狀況會(huì)導(dǎo)致機(jī)械的意外啟動(dòng)：

control

levers

or

buttons

are

bumped

or

knocked,

控制桿或控制按鈕受到撞擊或敲打if

a

short

circuit

of

the

control

system

occurs,

控制系統(tǒng)發(fā)生短路when

hydraulic

or

air

pressure

is

released,

釋放液壓或壓縮空氣when

undoing

or

retaining

bolts

安裝或卸除螺栓時(shí)MACHINE

SAFETY-

CONTROL/ELIMINATE

MACHINERY

HAZARD42EFFECTIVE

PROCESS有效措施Lockout-tag

out

(LOTO)

or

lock

and

tag

鎖定標(biāo)識(shí)Safety

procedure

which

is

used

in

industry

to

ensure

that

dangerousmachines

are

properly

shut

of