中國標準化體系簡介中國新型標準體系ChinaStandardSystem中國新型標準體系ChinaStandardSystem政府標準市場標準Government-issuedStandardMarket-issuedStandard國家標準團體標準AssociationStandardNationalStandard(issuedby

Association)(issuedby

NSB)行業(yè)標準SectorStandard(issuedbyMinistries)企業(yè)標準地方標準EnterpriseStandardLocal

Standard(issuedbyENT)(issuedby

LocalGOVT)采用國際標準Adopt

ISO/IEC

Standards推薦性標準強制性標準Mandatory

StandardVoluntary

Standard強制性國家標準的定位及特點ThePositioningandCharacteristics

ofMandatory

NationalStandard旨在保障人身健康安全、國家安全、生態(tài)環(huán)境安全、經(jīng)濟社會管理基本需要Designedtoensurepersonalhealthandsafety,nationalsecurity,ecologicalandenvironmentalsecurity,basicneedsofeconomicandsocialmanagement.國務(wù)院有關(guān)行政主管部門負責項目提出、組織起草、征求意見和技術(shù)審查Therelevant

administrative

departments

under

the

State

Council

are

responsibleforproposal,organize

drafts,solicit

opinionsand

technicalreview.國務(wù)院標準化行政主管部門負責立項、編號和對外通報SAC

isresponsibleforproposal

approval,

thenumbering

andnotification.強制性國家標準國務(wù)院批準發(fā)布或者授權(quán)批準發(fā)布MandatoryNationalStandardApproved

andpublished,

orauthorizedfor

approval

andpublication,by

theStateCouncil.“標準+法規(guī)”，必須執(zhí)行Standard+Regulations”,mustbeimplemented.強制性國家標準的發(fā)展趨勢DevelopmentTrendsofMandatory

NationalStandard政府主導(dǎo)，嚴格限定范圍Government-led,strictly

limited

scope2016年，11224項強制性國家、行業(yè)和地方標準開展整合精簡，總量削減超過50%。In2016,

11,224

mandatorynational,sector

and

localstandards

wereintegratedandstreamlined,

withatotalreductionof

morethan50%.450038634000350030002500200015001000500360032002100整合精簡前整合精簡后1500825強制性國家標準強制性行業(yè)標準強制性地方標準MandatoryNationalStandardMandatorySectorStandardMandatoryLocal

Standard強制性國家標準的發(fā)展趨勢DevelopmentTrendsofMandatory

NationalStandard政府主導(dǎo)，嚴格限定范圍Government-led,strictly

limited

scope35030025020015010050強制性國家標準立項數(shù)量逐年減少290Thenumber

ofproposal

approval

ofmandatorynationalstandardshasbeenreducedyear

by

year.2481139091893902011年2012年2013年2014年2015年2016年2017年推薦性國家標準的定位及特點ThePositioningandCharacteristics

ofVoluntaryNational

Standard基礎(chǔ)通用、與強制性國家標準配套、對行業(yè)起引領(lǐng)作用Serve

basicandgenericpurposes,

support

mandatory

nationalstandardsandplay

aleadingrole

in

relevant

industries.全國標準化技術(shù)委員會負責標準的編制工作Preparedby

theTechnicalCommittee.國務(wù)院標準化行政主管部門批準發(fā)布Approved

andpublishedby

SAC.推薦性國家標準國家鼓勵采用Voluntary

NationalStandardTheStateencourages

theadoption

ofVoluntary

National

Standard.推薦性國家標準的發(fā)展趨勢DevelopmentTrends

ofVoluntary

National

Standard發(fā)展趨勢：突出基礎(chǔ)公益性，強調(diào)公開透明Developmenttrends:basicstandardandfor

public

welfare,

openness

andtransparency3000274225002000150010005002353

設(shè)置立項評估，立項項目逐年減少，50%的2096立項建議未獲通過1947Setupproject

evaluation,theprojectitemreducesyear

by

year,

and50%

of

theprojectproposal

hasnot

beenapproved.1280

研制周期限定在24個月Thedevelopmentcycle

islimited

to24months.02013年2014年2015年2016年2017年行業(yè)標準的定位及特點ThePositioningandCharacteristics

ofsectorstandard行業(yè)標準SectorStandard沒有推薦性國家標準、需要在全國某個行業(yè)范圍內(nèi)統(tǒng)一的技術(shù)要求Developedwhere

intheabsence

of

voluntarynational

standardsand

nationalunifiedtechnicalrequirements

withinasectorare

needed.國務(wù)院有關(guān)行政主管部門批準發(fā)布，國務(wù)院標準化行政主管部門備案Approved

andpublishedby

relevant

administrative

departments

under

theState

CouncilandsubmittedtoSACforregistration.國家鼓勵采用TheStateencourages

theadoption

ofSector

Standard.行業(yè)標準的發(fā)展趨勢DevelopmentTrendsofSectorStandard嚴格限定范圍，逐步縮減規(guī)模Strictlylimited

scope,andreducethescale

ofexisting

standards行

業(yè)

標

準SectorStandard

部分行業(yè)有所行動Someindustries

areacting.

住建部發(fā)布《關(guān)于深化工程建設(shè)標準化工作改革的意見》，優(yōu)化“存量”標準，嚴控“增量”標準，發(fā)布了《可轉(zhuǎn)化為團體標準的現(xiàn)行工程建設(shè)推薦性標準目錄》TheMinistryofHousing

andUrban-Rural

Developmentissuedthe"Opinions

onDeepening

theReformofStandardizationof

Engineering

Construction",

optimizedtheexisiting

standard,strictly

controlledthedevelopmentofnew

standards,and

issued

the“Voluntary

StandardCatalogueofExisiting

Engineering

Constructions

thatCanBeTransformedintoAssociationStandards".Thiscatalogueincludesnational

and

sectorstandards.地方標準的定位及特點ThePositioningandCharacteristics

ofLocalStandard地方標準Local

Standard地方自然條件、風俗習慣等特殊技術(shù)要求Developedtoaddress

localspecialtechnicalrequirements,

suchasnaturalconditionsandcustoms.省級和市級標準化行政主管部門批準發(fā)布，國務(wù)院標準化行政主管部門備案Approved

andpublished

by

theadministrative

departmentincharge

ofstandardization

ofpeople’s

governmentsofprovincesand

cities,

and

submitted

toSAC

for

registration.地方鼓勵采用Localgovernments

encourages

theadoption

ofLocal

Standard.地方標準的發(fā)展趨勢DevelopmentTrendsofLocalStandard嚴格限定范圍，突出地方特色Strictlylimited

scope,Focus

on

localfeatures地

方

標

準Local

Standard

落實《標準化法》：禁止利用標準實施妨礙商品、服務(wù)自由流通等排除、限制市場競爭的行為（第22條）ImplementingtheStandardizationLaw:Standardsshallnotbe

usedtoobstructthefreeflow

ofgoods

andservices

or

topromoteotherbehaviorthatprevents

or

restrainsmarket

competition.

基本不再制定一般性工業(yè)產(chǎn)品標準，2017年新增地方標準（80%）是農(nóng)業(yè)、服務(wù)業(yè)、社會管理和公共服務(wù)標準Basically

no

longer

developgeneralindustrial

product

standards.New

localstandards(about80%)

weremainlyagriculture,service

sector,socialmanagementand

public

service

standardsin2017.團體標準的定位及特點ThePositioningandCharacteristics

ofAssociation

Standard?

Meet

market

andinnovationneeds.?

Developed,

approvedandpublishedby市場和創(chuàng)新需要學(xué)會、協(xié)會、商會、聯(lián)合會、產(chǎn)業(yè)技術(shù)

societies,

associations,

chambers

of聯(lián)盟等社會團體組織制定、批準發(fā)布commerce,

federations,industrialtechnologyalliances

andother

social

organizations.本團體約定采用，或社會自愿采用?

Adoptedbymembers

uponagreement,

ormadepubliclyavailableforvoluntaryadoption

byothers.團體標準AssociationStandard團體標準的發(fā)展趨勢DevelopmentTrendsofAssociation

Standard發(fā)揮市場主體作用，大力培育Givingfullplay

totheroleof

market

playersandvigorously

cultivate制定實施《團體標準管理規(guī)定》（試行）Developand

implement

the“RegulationsontheManagementofassociationstandards”(interim)規(guī)范團體標準的制定、實施和監(jiān)督活動Regulate

development,implementation

andsupervisionactivities

ofassociation

standard團體標準的發(fā)展趨勢DevelopmentTrendsofAssociation

Standard發(fā)揮市場主體作用，大力培育Givingfullplay

totheroleof

market

playersandvigorously

cultivate制定實施《團體標準化》系列國家標準Developand

implement

series

ofnationalstandardonassociation

standardization

GB/T20004.1《團體標準化

第1部分：良好行為指南》Social

organizationstandardization

Part

1:

Guidelinesfor

good

practice

GB/T20004.2《團體標準化

第2部分：良好行為評價指南》Social

organizationstandardization

Part

2:Guidelines

for

evaluation

of

good

practice企業(yè)標準的定位及特點ThePositioningandCharacteristics

ofEnterprise

Standard

企業(yè)標準EnterpriseStandardEnterprisesdevelopondemandDevelopedby

theenterprise

itself

or

jointly

withotherenterprises01Forenterprise

internal

useorasaqualitycommitment

(self-declaration)0203企業(yè)標準的發(fā)展趨勢DevelopmentTrendsofEnterprise

Standard由備案改為自我聲明公開Changefromregisteration

toself-declaration10分鐘10

Minutes天備

案registeration自我聲明公開self-declaration1414

days17萬家企業(yè)公開77萬項標準，涵蓋了131萬種產(chǎn)品17

million

companieshavedeclared770

thousand

standards,covering1.31

million

productsThis

isa

sample

text.

Insert

yourdesired

text

here.標準的制定過程更加科學(xué)、開放、透明Thestandarddevelopingprocessbecome

morescientific,

openand

transparent征求意見Publicenquiry調(diào)查分析需求調(diào)查NeedssurveyResearchandanalysis0503010604對外通報Notification02實驗論證Testinganddemonstration必要性、可行性評估Necessityandfeasibilityassessment標準與國際體系更加接軌、兼容StrengthentheAlignmentandHarmonizationofStandardwiththe

InternationalSystem《標準化法》第8條：國家積極推動參與國際標準化活動，參與制定國際標準，結(jié)合國情采用國際標準Article

8in

Standardization

Law:TheStateshallpromote

participation

in

internationalstandardizationactivities,

thedevelopmentofinternational

standardsandadoption

ofinternational

standardsintheChinesecontext

采用國際標準是中國的一項基本技術(shù)經(jīng)濟政策Adoption

ofinternationalstandards

isabasictechnicalandeconomicpolicy

ofChina

先后召開6次全國性采標工作會議，推動采用國際標準工作Hold

6nationalconferencesonadoption

of

international

standards,

inordertopromotetheadoption

ofinternational

standards

遵守ISO和IEC的版權(quán)政策采用ISO和IEC國際標準Adoption

ofISO

andIEC

international

standardscomply

with

thecopyright

policyofISO

andIEC標準與國際體系更加接軌、兼容StrengthentheAlignmentandHarmonizationofStandardwiththe

InternationalSystem采標數(shù)據(jù)Adoptions

infigures自主制定nationalIECinterto

ISO

and63%13%MOD4691IDT654519%63%37%與國標準應(yīng)關(guān)系的國家NEQ1910nationalinternational

standar5%

ndence

with,

37%標準的實施與監(jiān)督更加完善Refinethe

implementation

and

supervision

ofstandards標準