書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-合肥信息技術(shù)職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Theaimofthepresident’sspeechwastoconvincestillreluctantcountriesofthegreatnecessityofimposingsanctionsagainstthecountriesthat（）terrorists.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.kidnapped

B.harassed

C.heckled

D.harbored

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。kidnap“綁架”；harass“擾亂，使煩惱”；heckle“詰問，責(zé)問”；harbor“庇護(hù)”。句意：總統(tǒng)演講的目的在于要讓那些不大情愿的國家相信，強(qiáng)硬制裁那些庇護(hù)恐怖分子的國家是非常有必要的。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

2.單選題

HowdidalankyDanishvegetarianwhowearsT-shirtstoimportantmeetingsandvotesonlyforleft-wingpoliticiansbecomethegreatSatanofenvironmentalism?Bytellingeveryoneheisanenvironmentalistbutsoundingliketheopposite.“Wearenotrunningoutofenergyornaturalresources,”writesBjornLomborg,37,anassociateprofessorofstatisticsatDenmark'sUniversityofAarhusandaformermemberofGreenpeace,inhis1998bookTheSkepticalEnvironmentalist.“Airandwateraroundusarebecominglessandlesspolluted.Mankind'slothasactuallyimprovedintermsofpracticallyeverymeasurableindicator.”

Thebook,whichwaspublishedinEnglishlastyear,becameabestseller,andconservativesworldwideuseitsideastojustifyinactiononsuchissuesasdeforestationandglobalwarming."Weshoulddosomethingthatactuallydoesgoodandnotsoundsgood,”hesaysoftheexpenseofcomplyingwiththeKyotoProtocolonglobalwarming.“ForthecostofKyotoforoneyear,wecouldgivecleandrinkingwaterandsanitationtoeveryhumanbeingonearth."

SomescientistssaytheyinitiallyhopedtoignoreLomborgbutinthewakeofhisbook’spopularityhavereactedwithafuryrarelyseeninacademia.PeterRaven,chairmanoftheAmericanAssociationfortheAdvancementofScience,callsLomborg“theprimeexampleinourtimeofsomeonewhodistortsstatisticsandstatementstomeethisownpoliticalend.”Adozenesteemedenvironmentalscientists,includingRavenandHarvard’sEdwardO.Wilson,aredemandingthatLomborg’spublishercuthimloose.“WearedeeplydisturbedthatCambridgeUniversityPresswouldpublishandpromoteanerror-filled,poorlyreferencedandnon-peer-reviewedwork,”theywriteinalettercallingonCambridgetotransferpublishingrightstoapopular,non-scholarlypress.

Theproblemis,Lomborggetsmanyofhisfactsrightandprovides2,930footnotestomakethemeasytocheck.Somescientistsandenvironmentaladvocateshavemadeexaggeratedclaimsaboutenvironmentaldoom,andit’snotsurprisingthattheyhavefinallybeencatalogued.YetLomborgisasguiltyofexaggerationandselectiveuseofdataasthosehecriticizes.Heisrightthatairandwaterqualityandagriculturalproductivityhaveimprovedinmuchoftheworld.Buttolookatthedataonglobalwarming,biologicaldiversity,marinedepletionanddeforestationandstillsaythingsaregenerallygettingbettertakesawillfulblindness.That’swhyit’sashamesomanyoftheattacksonLomborgrelyonnamecalling.Allthatdoesistoavoidwhatcouldbeavaluabledebateonthesubstanceofenvironmentalpolicy—and,ofcourse,helpLomborgsellbooks.“I'mmakingafairamountofmoneyfromthebook,’’saysLomborg,‘‘AlotmorethanCambridgethought,

1.WhyisBjornLamborgcriticizedbyenvironmentalists?

2.WecanlearnfromthetextthatTheSkepticalEnvironmentalistisabookthat（

）.

3.ConservativesworldwidesharewithLomborgthesameviewthatdeforestationandglobalwarmingare（

）.

4.Thescientists,accordingtothetext,demandthatCambridgeUniversityPress（）.

5.WhatdoestheauthorthinkofthecriticismagainstLomborg'sbook?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Becausehehasalwaysbeenagainstprotectingtheenvironment.

B.Becausehebelievesthatenvironmentalproblemsarebecomingworse.

C.Becauseheputforwardanewhypothesisofprotectingtheworldenvironment.

D.Becauseheclaimstobeanenvironmentalistbutdoubtsthatenvironmentalproblemsareasseriousastheyusedtobe.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.hasattractedattentionfromboththepublicandthescholars

B.hasbeenneglectedbythereaderssinceitspublication

C.hasbeengreatlypraisedbythereaderssinceitspublication

D.hasbeengreatlycriticizedbythereaderssinceitspublication

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.gettingworseandworsebecausenothinghasbeendoneaboutthem

B.gettingbetterandbetterbecausemuchmoneyhasbeenspentonthem

C.notseriousproblemsthatshouldbesolvedatgreatcostatpresent

D.seriousproblemsthatshouldbesolvedatanycost

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.sellallthebookstoapopular,non-scholarlypress,forthebookisfulloferrors

B.stoppublishingthebookandsellthepublishingrightstoanon-scholarlypress,forthebookisnotanacademicbook

C.stoppublishinganybookswrittenbyLomborg,forheisnotacceptedbyhispeerstransferthepublishingrightsofthebooktoanotherpress,forthebookisnotwellreferenced

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Itisnotfair,forthebookiswell-referenced.

B.Itisfairandhasbeenconductedinagoodway.

C.ItpreventsLomborgfromgettingmoremoneyfromthebook.

D.Itshouldnotbename-callingbutshouldbecarriedoutinawaythatcouldstartameaningfuldiscussiononhowtosolveenvironmentalproblems.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.根據(jù)文章第一段第一句HowdidalankyDanishvegetarianwhowearsT-shirtstoimportantmeetingsandvotesonlyforleft-wingpoliticiansbecomethegreatSatanofenvironmentalism?可知他遭到了環(huán)保主義者的反對；再根據(jù)下一句Bytellingeveryoneheisanenvironmentalistbutsoundingliketheopposite.“Wearenotrunningoutofenergyornaturalresources,“Airandwateraroundusarebecominglessandlesspolluted.Mankind'slothasactuallyimprovedintermsofpracticallyeverymeasurableindicator.”我們沒有耗盡能源或自然資源，”“我們周圍的空氣和水污染越來越少。實(shí)際上，人類的命運(yùn)在每一個可衡量的指標(biāo)上都有所改善?！贝_定他表達(dá)自己是一個環(huán)保主義者，但是他的一些論點(diǎn)和看法與此相悖，所以遭到了很多環(huán)保主義者的反對，所以D選項(xiàng)‘因?yàn)樗暦Q自己是一個環(huán)保主義者但是質(zhì)疑環(huán)境問題和以前一樣’正確。

2.根據(jù)第二段第一句Thebook,whichwaspublishedinEnglishlastyear,becameabestseller,andconservativesworldwideuseitsideastojustifyinaction..可知這本書是一本暢銷書，全世界很多保守黨都關(guān)注了這本書；再由SomescientistssaytheyinitiallyhopedtoignoreLomborgbutinthewakeofhisbook’spopularityhavereactedwithafuryrarelyseeninacademia.可知很多的科學(xué)家也都關(guān)注了這本書，綜合分析確定A選項(xiàng)‘這本書受到了很多公眾以及專家學(xué)者的關(guān)注’符合題意。

3.根據(jù)第二段中的內(nèi)容andconservativesworldwideuseitsideastojustifyinactiononsuchissuesasdeforestationandglobalwarming.“Weshoulddosomethingthatactuallydoesgoodandnotsoundsgood，一些保守黨根據(jù)這一觀點(diǎn)認(rèn)為對于采伐森林和全球變暖這些問題并不嚴(yán)重，認(rèn)為他們對于這些問題采取的不作為態(tài)度是正當(dāng)?shù)模_定C選項(xiàng)“這個問題并不是一個需要花大成本去解決的嚴(yán)重問題”符合題意。

4.根據(jù)文章第三段最后一句內(nèi)容“WearedeeplydisturbedthatCambridgeUniversityPresswouldpublishandpromoteanerror-filled,poorlyreferencedandnon-peer-reviewedwork,’’theywriteinalettercallingonCambridgetotransferpublishingrightstoapopular,non-scholarlypress.科學(xué)家呼吁劍橋大學(xué)出版社不應(yīng)該出版這樣的錯誤滿篇、參考不足、沒有先行評審的書籍，應(yīng)該把這本書出版權(quán)給一個普遍的、非學(xué)術(shù)性的出版社，確定B選項(xiàng)‘停止出版這本書，把出版權(quán)賣給非學(xué)術(shù)出版社，因?yàn)檫@本書不是學(xué)術(shù)著作’符合正確。

5.根據(jù)最后一段內(nèi)容That'swhyit’sashamesomanyoftheattacksonLomborgrelyonnamecalling.Allthatdoesistoavoidwhatcouldbeavaluabledebateonthesubstanceofenvironmentalpolicy—and,ofcourse,helpLomborgsellbooks.這就是為什么如此多對隆伯格的攻擊都是靠罵人來實(shí)現(xiàn)的。所有這些都是為了避免一場關(guān)于環(huán)境政策實(shí)質(zhì)內(nèi)容的有價值的辯論，當(dāng)然，也是為了幫助隆伯格賣書。確定作者認(rèn)為對于Lomborg的攻擊只會使得他的書賣的更好，對于解決環(huán)境問題以及這樣有價值的研究討論是沒有作用的，所以D選項(xiàng)‘這不應(yīng)該是謾罵，而是應(yīng)該以一種能夠就如何解決環(huán)境問題展開有意義的討論的方式來進(jìn)行‘符合題意。

3.單選題

Atonetime,marriageswerealways_____bythechurch,butthisisnotthecasenow.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.sanctified

B.underpinned

C.scanned

D.appreciated

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)“sanctified”，意為“認(rèn)可的，批準(zhǔn)的，神圣化的”；B選項(xiàng)“underpinned”，意為“加固的，被加固的”；C選項(xiàng)“scanned”，意為“掃描的”;；D選項(xiàng)“appreciated”，意為“受歡迎的，贊賞的”，句意：過去，婚姻總是受到教會的約束，但現(xiàn)在不是這樣了。因此，A選項(xiàng)符合句意。

4.單選題

Televisionsenableustoseethingshappenalmostattheexactmoment______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.whichtheyarehappening

B.theyarehappening

C.whichtheyhappen

D.theyhavehappened

【答案】B

【解析】考查定語從句。A選項(xiàng)和C選項(xiàng)中which均指代不清；B選項(xiàng)和C選項(xiàng)都為省略關(guān)系副詞when的定語從句。B選項(xiàng)為現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時，表示事情正在發(fā)生，D選項(xiàng)theyhavehappened完成時態(tài)用法錯誤。因此，本題正確答案為B。

5.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Lowwages,chronicunemploymentandunderemploymentleadtolowincome,lackofpropertyownership,absenceofsavings,absenceoffoodreservesinthehome,andachronicshortageofcash.Theseconditionsreducethepossibilityofeffectiveparticipationinthelargereconomicsystem.Andasaresponsetotheseconditionswefindinthecultureofpovertyahighincidenceofborrowingfromlocalmoneylendersathighratesofinterest,theuseofsecondhandclothingandfurniture,andthepatternoffrequentbuyingofsmallquantitiesoffoodmanytimesadayastheneedarises.

Peoplewithacultureofpovertyproduceverylittlewealthandreceiveverylittleinreturn.Theyhavealowlevelofliteracyandeducation,arenotmembersofpoliticalparties,generallydonotparticipateinthenationalwelfareagencies,andmakeverylittleuseofbanks,hospitals,departmentstoresandmuseums.Theyhaveacriticalattitudetowardsomeofthebasicinstitutionsofthedominantclasses,hatredofthepolice,mistrustofgovernmentandthoseinhighposition.Thisgivesthecultureofpovertyahighpotentialforprotestandforbeingusedinpoliticalmovementsaimedagainsttheexistingsocialorder.

Peoplewithacultureofpovertyareawareofmiddle-classvalues,talkaboutthemandevenclaimsomeofthemastheirown,butonthewholetheydonotlivebythem.Forexample,manywilltellyouthatmarriagebylaw,bythechurch,orbybothistheidealformofmarriage,butfewwillmarry.Tomenwhohavenosteadyjobsorothersourcesofincome,whodonotownpropertyandhavenowealthtopassontotheirchildren,whoarepresent-timeorientedandwhowanttoavoidtheexpenseandlegaldifficultiesinvolvedinformalmarriageanddivorce,freeunionsorconsensualmarriagesmakealotofsense.Womenwilloftenturndownoffersofmarriagebecausetheyfeelittiesthemdowntomenwhoareimmatureandgenerallyunreliable.Womenfeelthatconsensualuniongivesthemabetterbreak;itgivesthemsomeofthefreedomandflexibilitythatmenhave.Bynotgivingthefathersoftheirchildrenlegalstatusashusbands,thewomenhaveastrongerclaimontheirchildreniftheydecidetoleavetheirmen.Freeunionalsogiveswomenexclusiverightstoahouseoranyotherpropertytheymayown.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,adefiningcharacteristicofpoorpeopleisthatthey________.

2.Theauthorusesthephrase“cultureofpoverty”(Para.2)tosuggestthat________.

3.Byassertingthatthecultureofpovertycanbeusedbypoliticalmovements,theauthoris________.

4.Menandwomeninthecultureofpovertywhoavoidlegalizedmarriages________.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.lacktheskillstofinddecentjobs

B.areconstantlyinastateofcrisis

C.aresomewhatresponsiblefortheirownpoverty

D.areisolatedfromthemainstreamofsociety

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.poorpeopleoftentakeprideintheirpoverty

B.forsomepeoplepovertyhasbecomeaprevailingwayoflife

C.poorpeopleshareacommonbackground

D.thereareseverallevelsandclassificationsofpoorpeople

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.predictinganuprisingbythepoor

B.citingareasonforeliminatingpoverty

C.criticizingthemotivesofpoliticians

D.alludingtoaparticularhistoricalevent

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.havepracticalandeconomicconsiderations

B.prefertobeindependent

C.cannotaffordtomarryandraiseafamily

D.donottrusteachotherlikehusbandandwife

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:A

【解析】第1題:推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到第一段第一句Lowwages,chronicunemploymentandunderemploymentleadtolowincome,lackofpropertyownership,absenceofsavings,absenceoffoodreservesinthehome,andachronicshortageofcash.（低工資、長期失業(yè)和就業(yè)不足導(dǎo)致低收入、沒有財產(chǎn)所有權(quán)、沒有儲蓄、家里沒有糧食儲備和長期現(xiàn)金短缺。）從這里可以看出B選項(xiàng)“窮人最典型的特點(diǎn)就是一直處在一種危機(jī)狀態(tài)”正確；A選項(xiàng)“缺少進(jìn)入體面工作的技能”；C選項(xiàng)“對自己的貧窮負(fù)有一定的責(zé)任”；D選項(xiàng)“隔絕于主流社會”文章都沒有提及。

第2題:推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到文章第二段話Theyhavealowlevelofliteracyandeducation,arenotmembersofpoliticalparties,generallydonotparticipateinthenationalwelfareagencies,andmakeverylittleuseofbanks,hospitals,departmentstoresandmuseums.（他們的文化和教育水平低，不是政黨成員，一般不參加國家福利機(jī)構(gòu)，很少使用銀行、醫(yī)院、百貨商店和博物館。）從這里可以看出答案選C“他們有著相同的背景”。其他選項(xiàng)A選項(xiàng)“窮人對自己的貧窮很自豪”；B選項(xiàng)“一些人的貧窮已經(jīng)成為流行的生活方式”；D選項(xiàng)“窮人里面也有很多等級和區(qū)分”文章都沒有提及。

第3題:推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到文章第二段最后一句話Thisgivesthecultureofpovertyahighpotentialforprotestandforbeingusedinpoliticalmovementsaimedagainsttheexistingsocialorder.（這使得貧窮文化極有可能引發(fā)抗議并被某種政治運(yùn)動利用來反對現(xiàn)在的社會秩序的。）由此可以推斷答案選C選項(xiàng)“批判政治家的動機(jī)”。A選項(xiàng)“預(yù)測窮人的起義”；B選項(xiàng)“應(yīng)用消除貧窮的原因”；D選項(xiàng)“暗指一個特定的歷史事件”都不符合題意。

第4題:推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到最后一段第三句Tomenwhohavenosteadyjobsorothersourcesofincome,whodonotownpropertyandhavenowealthtopassontotheirchildren,whoarepresent-timeorientedandwhowanttoavoidtheexpenseandlegaldifficultiesinvolvedinformalmarriageanddivorce,freeunionsorconsensualmarriagesmakealotofsense（男人沒有穩(wěn)定的工作或其他收入來源，那些沒有自己的財產(chǎn)，沒有財富傳給他們的孩子，面向現(xiàn)在和希望避免犧牲和因?yàn)榉稍螂y以參與正式的結(jié)婚和離婚，自由結(jié)合或雙方同意的婚姻有更多意義）和最后一段第五句Womenfeelthatconsensualuniongivesthemabetterbreak;itgivesthemsomeofthefreedomandflexibilitythatmenhave.（女性覺得雙方自愿的結(jié)合給了她們更好的喘息機(jī)會；這給了她們一些男性所擁有的自由和靈活性。）所以答案選A“有一些實(shí)際和經(jīng)濟(jì)上的考慮”。B選項(xiàng)“更喜歡獨(dú)立”和C選項(xiàng)“承擔(dān)不起婚姻和養(yǎng)育家庭”有點(diǎn)片面只說出男性或者女性的原因；D選項(xiàng)“不信任對方成為妻子或者丈夫”，這個文章沒有提及。

6.單選題

Whateverthecauses,theEnglishbytheendoftheyear2050willhavebeenmorewidelyspokenandwrittenthananyotherlanguage______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.everwas

B.hadeverbeen

C.wouldeverbe

D.haseverbeen

【答案】D

【解析】考查時態(tài)。句意：不管原因是什么，到2050年年底，英語的使用和書寫將比現(xiàn)在任何其他語言都要廣泛。willhavebeen是將來完成時，此句表示英語在未來會比到目前為止在用的任何一門語言都應(yīng)用廣泛，形容其他語言的動詞應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在完成時，D選項(xiàng)haseverbeen符合題意。A選項(xiàng)everwas是一般過去時，B選項(xiàng)hadeverbeen是過去完成時，C選項(xiàng)wouldeverbe是過去將來時，不符合語境。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

Theoldpapermillhasbeen（）tomakewayforanewshoppingcenter.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.helddown

B.keptdown

C.cutdown

D.turndown

【答案】D

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)helddown“抑制”；B選項(xiàng)keptdown“控制”；C選項(xiàng)cutdown“削減”；D選項(xiàng)turndown“推倒”。句意：舊造紙廠已被拆除，以便騰出地方建一個新的購物中心。本句表示拆除舊造紙廠，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

8.單選題

Duringthe1700sand1800s,majorfightingduringwarsgenerallyceasedforthewintersandarmiestookupwinterencampments.AswinterdescendeduponPennsylvaniain1777,GeneralGeorgeWashingtonchoseValleyForge,Pennsylvania,someeighteenmileswestofPhiladelphiaassiteofthewinterencampmentoftheContinentalArmy.TheareawasfarenoughawayfromtheBritishinPhiladelphiatodiscouragesurpriseattacksanditslocationbetweenhighhillsandtheSchuylkillRivermadeiteasilydefensible.

TheContinentalArmy,however,wasinbadshape.Ofthe12,000soldiers,manylackedthesuppliesorclothingtosurvivethewinterandmanyotherswerestarvingatthispoint.AtValleyForge,defenselineswerebuiltalongwithover1,000hutstoprovidesomerelieffromthebrutalelements.

Moisturefromrainandmeltingsnowmadeitimpossibleformanysoldierstostaydryandallowedforthespreadofdisease.Theonlyreliablefoodthatthesoldiersreceivedwasamixtureofflourandwaterknownas“firecake.’’Occasionally,soldiersreceivedmeatandbread.Furthermore,manysoldiershadinadequatesuppliesofclothingandwereforcedtoendurethewinterintattersandwithoutblankets.Manylackedshoes.Woundedsoldiersoftendiedfromexposuretotheelements.Unsanitaryandcrowdedconditionsledtotheproliferationofdiseasesandsicknessessuchastyphoidandpneumonia.

Over2,000peoplediedfromsuchsicknesses.

OnFebruary23，1778，formerGermanGeneralBaronvonSteubenarrivedatValleyForgetotrainthePatriotshowtomarchinformation,firegunsquickly,usebayonetsandbecomesoldiers.ThoughvonSteubenspokelittleEnglish,hedevelopedatrainingmanualinFrenchthatwouldbetranslatedonthegroundsintoEnglish.UnlikemanyAmericangenerals,vonSteubenworkeddirectlywiththesoldiers,endearinghimtothethousandssufferingatValleyForge.VonSteuben’spresencedidmuchtoimprovethemoraleofthearmyduringthebitterwinterandalsohelpedthemdevelopintoamoretactical,effectivemilitarymachine,capableoffightingtheBritish.

OnJune19,1778,theContinentalArmyleftValleyForgeinpursuitoftheBritishwhoweremovingnorthtoNewYork.

1.WhydidGeneralWashingtonchooseValleyForgeasthesiteofhisarmy’swinterencampment?

2.HowwasBaronVonSteubendifferentfromAmericangenerals?

3.WhatwasprobablythemostimportantcontributionsmadebyBaronVonSteuben?

4.Whathappenedlast?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Itwasclosetoasourceofwater.

B.Itwaswarmerthananyotherencampments.

C.Itslocationmadeiteasytodefend.

D.Itwastheonlyplacewherehewouldn’tbeattacked.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Heneverworkeddirectlywithsoldiers.

B.Heworkeddirectlywithsoldiers.

C.Hewouldgointobattlewithsoldiers.

D.HelikedtheBritish.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.HehelpedtransformtheContinentalArmyintoanarmythatcouldactuallyfighttheBritish.

B.Hetaughtthesoldiershowtousebayonets.

C.HetaughtthesoldiersthattheirGeneralsdidnothavetospeakgoodEnglish

D.Heprovidedthesoldierswiththingstolaughabout.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.TheContinentalArmylearnedtofiregunsfasterandtousebayonets.

B.TheContinentalArmybegantheirpursuitoftheBritish.

C.ItwasApril1778whenthewarfinallycametoanend.

D.BaronVonSteubenarrived.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段，“TheareawasfarenoughawayfromtheBritishinPhiladelphiatodiscouragesurpriseattacksanditslocationbetweenhighhillsandtheSchuylkillRivermadeiteasilydefensible.”該地區(qū)離英國人在費(fèi)城的地區(qū)足夠遠(yuǎn)，而且由于地形原因，可以免于遭受突襲。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段，“UnlikemanyAmericangenerals,VonSteubenworkeddirectlywiththesoldiers,endearinghimtothethousandssufferingatValleyForge.”VonSteuben跟美國將軍的不同之處在于他直接和士兵們一起工作，受到了人們的愛戴。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段，“VonSteuben’spresencedidmuchtoimprovethemoraleofthearmy…andalsohelpedthemdevelopintoamoretactical,effectivemilitarymachine,capableoffightingtheBritish.”，可見VonSteuben做出的最大的貢獻(xiàn)是提高了士兵的士氣，使軍隊(duì)有足夠的能力與英軍作戰(zhàn)。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段，大陸軍開始了對英軍的追擊。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

9.單選題

Ifthesun（）theplayerscouldhavefinishedthegame.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.hadshine

B.didshine

C.wereshining

D.hadshone

【答案】D

【解析】本題考查虛擬語氣。這是個虛擬條件句，表示對過去的虛擬，句意：如果太陽照耀著，隊(duì)員們本可以完成比賽，說明比賽未完成，這個事情已經(jīng)是既成事實(shí)了，ifIhaddone…Iwouldhavedone…因此，D選項(xiàng)符合句意。

10.單選題

Radarisusedtoextendthe（

）ofman'ssensesforobservinghisenvironment,especiallythesenseofvision.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.validity

B.liability

C.capability

D.intensity

【答案】C

【解析】名詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)validity“有效性，正確性”；B選項(xiàng)liability“責(zé)任，可能性”；C選項(xiàng)capability“才能，能力”；D選項(xiàng)intensity“強(qiáng)度”。句意：雷達(dá)是用來擴(kuò)展人們觀察環(huán)境的感知能力，特別是視覺感知能力。選項(xiàng)C符合語境。

11.翻譯題

現(xiàn)在我們正面臨著一項(xiàng)嚴(yán)峻的挑戰(zhàn)：全球變暖。地球氣候持續(xù)惡化，正在演變成一場事關(guān)緊要的戰(zhàn)爭，而從任何一個方面來看，美國正在輸?shù)暨@場戰(zhàn)爭。美國每年釋放的溫室氣體約占全球總量的25%，并聲稱它不打算采取任何減排措施。困難還在于，即使絕大多數(shù)人認(rèn)為氣候變化是個全球性的緊急事件，如何解決這個問題很難達(dá)成共識。工業(yè)界提出自己的方案，可惜這些方案通常解決不了什么問題。環(huán)保主義者也獻(xiàn)策，可惜他們的方案往往過于天真，以至于會嚴(yán)重阻礙美國社會和經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展。但是一個宏大而有效的方案到底是什么樣的呢？如何才能讓我們同時擁有安全的環(huán)境和良好的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長？

然而，只要我們能制定出可行的戰(zhàn)略，將短期措施和長遠(yuǎn)目標(biāo)結(jié)合起來，將務(wù)實(shí)精神和雄心壯志結(jié)合起來，我們就能做到既不損害經(jīng)濟(jì)，又幫助遏制氣候變化帶來的最壞影響，并保證我們的后代在這個世界上能生存下來。要實(shí)現(xiàn)這個目標(biāo)，最需要的是決心和意志。

Directions:TranslatethefollowingparagraphfromChineseintoEnglish.PleasewriteyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET.

【答案】Nowweareconfrontedwithaformidablechallenge:globalwarming.TheglobalclimategoesondeterioratingandisevolvingintoacrucialwartheUnitedStatesislosingfromanyperspective.Everyyear,theUnitedStatesemitsnearly25%oftheglobalgreenhousegasesandclaimsthatithasnointentionoftakinganyemission-reductionmeasures.Thedifficultyalsoliesinthefactthateventheoverwhelmingmajorityofpeopleconsidertheclimatechangetobeaglobalemergency,itisverydifficulttofindacommomgroundastohowtosolvethoseproblems.Theindustrialworldhascomeupwithschemes,whichunfortunatelyarenotsolutionstoproblems.Environmentalistsalsosuggestwaysandmeans,butregrettablytheirschemesaresonaivethattheymayhinderthesocialandeconomicdevelopmentoftheUnitedStates.Butwhatonearthisagrandandeffectiveschemelike?Howcanwepossessbothasafeenvironmentandafantasticeconomicgrowth?

However,aslongasweworkoutfeasibletactics,combineshort-termmeasureswithlong-termgoals,integratepracticalspiritwithambition,wecannotonlyprotecteconomybutalsohelpholdbacktheworsteffectscausedbyclimatechangesandensurethatourdescendentssurviveintheworld.Torealizethisgoal,whatweneedmostisdeterminationandwill.

12.翻譯題

我認(rèn)為沒有人不喜歡到處去看看：多看看他人，多閱他鄉(xiāng)，不但可以認(rèn)識世界，亦可認(rèn)識自己。有人旅行時乘豪華游輪，謝靈運(yùn)再世大概也會如此。有人背負(fù)行囊，翻山越嶺；有人騎自行車環(huán)游天下。這些都令人羨慕。我所傾向的，卻是駕車長征，去看天涯海角。我的太太比我更愛旅行，所以夫妻兩人正好互做旅伴，這一點(diǎn)只怕徐霞客也要羨慕。不過徐霞客是大旅行家、大探險家，我們，只是淺游而已。

【答案】Inmymind,everybodylovestolookaround,meetingmorepeopleandvisitingmoreplaces.Theycannotonlyunderstandtheworld,butalsorecognizethemselves.Someofthemtraveledbyacruise,andXieLingyunmaybeoneofthemifhewouldreincarnate.Somepickedupthetravelingbagacrossthemountains.Sometraveledaroundtheworldbybike.Alloftheseareenviable.Ijustprefertodrivealongjourneyandseetheendsoftheearth.MywifeisfondoftravelingthanI,andthereforewetwoaretravelingcompanion,whichmaybeenviedbyXuXiake.ButXuisagreattravelerandexplorer.Weonlysuperficiallytravel.

13.單選題

Itwassucha(n)（

）whenPatandMikemeteachotherinTokyo.EachthoughtthattheotherwasstillinHongKong.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.occurrence

B.coincidence

C.fancy

D.destiny

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。occurrence“發(fā)生，事件”；coincidence“巧合，一致”；fancy“幻想，想象力”；destiny“命運(yùn)，天命”。句意：派特和邁克能在東京偶遇是多么巧合的一件事。倆人都以為對方在香港。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

14.單選題

Whatamazesmeishercompletedisregardforanyone.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ignorance

B.bias

C.focus

D.emphasis

【答案】A

【解析】考查同義名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)ignorance“無知，愚昧，不知，不懂，忽視”；B選項(xiàng)bias“偏見，偏愛，斜紋”；C選項(xiàng)focus“焦點(diǎn)，中心，清晰；焦距”；D選項(xiàng)emphasis“重點(diǎn)，強(qiáng)調(diào)，加強(qiáng)語氣”。句意：使我吃驚的是她對任何人都漠不關(guān)心。Disregard“忽視，無視，不尊重”，A選項(xiàng)與該詞詞義最相近，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

15.單選題

Morethanadecadeago,cognitivescientistsJohnBransfordandDanielSchwartz,boththenatVanderbiltUniversity,foundthatwhatdistinguishedyoungadultsfromchildrenwasnottheabilitytoretainfactsorapplypriorknowledgetoanewsituationbutaqualitytheycalledpreparationforfuturelearning.Theresearchersaskedfifthgradersandcollegestudentstocreatearecoveryplantoprotectbaldeaglesfromextinction.Shockingly,thetwogroupscameupwithplansofsimilarquality(althoughthecollegestudentshadbetterspellingskills).Fromthestandpointofatraditionaleducator,thisoutcomeindicatedthatschoolinghadfailedtohelpstudentsthinkaboutecosystemandextinction,majorscientificideas.

Theresearchersdecidedtogodeeper,however.Theyaskedbothgroupstogeneratequestionsaboutimportantissuesneededtocreaterecoveryplans.Onthistask,theyfoundeaglesandtheirhabitats.Fifthgraderstendedtofocusonfeaturesofindividualeagles(“Howbigarethey?''and'"Whatdotheyeat?’’).Thecollegestudentshadcultivatedtheabilitytoaskquestions,thecornerstoneofcriticalthinking.Theyhadlearnedhowtolearn.

Museumsandotherinstitutionsofinformallearningmaybebettersuitedtoteachthisskillthanelementaryandsecondaryschools.AttheExploratoriuminSanFrancisco,werecentlystudiedlearningtoaskgoodquestionscanaffectthequalityofpeople’sscientificinquiry.Wefoundthatwetaughtparticipantstoask“Whatif?”and“Howcan?’’questionsthatnobodypresentwouldknowtheanswertoandthatwouldsparkexploration,theyengagedinbetterinquiryatthenextexhibit—askingmorequestions,performingmoreexperimentsandmakingbetterinterpretationsoftheirresults.Specifically,theirquestionsbecamemorecomprehensiveatthenewexhibit.Ratherthanmerelyaskingaboutsomethingtheywantedtotry,theytendedtoincludebothcauseandeffectintheirquestion.Askingjuicyquestionsappearstobeatransferableskillfordeepeningcollaborativeinquiryintothesciencecontentfoundinexhibits.

Thistypeoflearningisnotconfinedtomuseumsorinstitutionalsettings.Informallearningenvironmentstoleratefailurebetterthanschools.Perhapsmanyteachershavetoolittletimetoallowstudentstoformandpursuetheirownquestionsandtoomuchgroundtocoverinthecurriculum.Butpeoplemustacquirethisskillsomewhere.Oursocietydependsonthembeingabletomakecriticaldecisionsabouttheirownmedicaltreatment,say,orwhatwemustdoaboutglobalenergyneedsanddemands.Forthat,wehavearobustinformallearningsystemthatgivesnogrades,takesallcomers,andisavailableevenonholidaysandweekends.

1.Whatistraditionaleducators’interpretationoftheresearchoutcomementionedinthefirstparagraph?

2.Inwhatwayarecollegestudentsdifferentfromchildren?

3.Whatisthebenefitofaskingquestionswithnoreadyanswers?

4.Whatissaidtobetheadvantageofinformallearning?

5.Whatdoestheauthorseemtoencourageeducatorstodoattheendofthepassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Studentsarenotabletoapplypriorknowledgetonewproblems

B.Collegestudentsarenobetterthanfifthgradersinmemorizingfacts.

C.Educationhasnotpaidenoughattentiontomajorenvironmentissues

D.Educationhasfailedtoleadstudentstothinkaboutmajorscientificideas

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Theyhavelearnedtothinkcritically.

B.Theyareconcernedaboutsocialissues.

C.Theyarecuriousaboutspecificfeatures

D.Theyhavelearnedtoworkindependently

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Itarousesstudents'interestinthingsaroundthem

B.Itcultivatesstudents'abilitytomakescientificinquiries

C.Ittrainsstudents'abilitytodesignscientificexperiments

D.Ithelpsstudentsrealizenoteveryquestionhasananswer

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Itallowsforfailures

B.Itchargesnotuition

C.Itisentertaining

D.Itmeetspracticalneeds

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Trainstudentstothinkaboutglobalissues

B.Designmoreinteractiveclassroomactivities

C.Makefulluseofinformallearningresources

D.Includecollaborativeinquiryinthecurriculum.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“traditionaleducator”定位到第一段最后一句“Fromthestandpointofatraditionaleducator,thisoutcomeindicatedthatschoolinghadfailedtohelpstudentsthinkaboutecosystemandextinction,majorscientificideas.”從傳統(tǒng)教育家的立場來看，這一結(jié)果表明，學(xué)校教育未能幫助學(xué)生思考生態(tài)系統(tǒng)和滅絕，這是主要的科學(xué)思想。也就是說，教育未能引導(dǎo)學(xué)生思考主要的科學(xué)思想。選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

2.判斷推理題。根據(jù)第一段第一句“JohnBransford和DanielSchwartz發(fā)現(xiàn)，區(qū)分年輕人和兒童的不在于他們是否能夠記住事實(shí)或?qū)⒅暗闹R應(yīng)用到新環(huán)境中，而在于他們稱之為為未來學(xué)習(xí)做準(zhǔn)備的素質(zhì)。”再根據(jù)第二段最后一句“Thecollegestudentshadcultivatedtheabilitytoaskquestions,thecornerstoneofcriticalthinking.Theyhadlearnedhowtolearn.大學(xué)生培養(yǎng)了問問題的能力，這是批判性思維的基石。他們學(xué)會了如何學(xué)習(xí)?！边x項(xiàng)A符合原文。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第三段第三句“toask“Whatif?”and“Howcan?”questionsthatnobodypresentwouldknowtheanswertoand