書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-承德護(hù)理職業(yè)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)！第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

MoreandmoreeducatorsintheU.S.arelookingforglobalopportunitiestoofferthemthecareerandsalarytheyneedalongwiththe（

）ofbeinganeducator.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.allusion

B.temptation

C.fulfillment

D.prosperity

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。allusion意為“典故，暗指”；temptation意為“誘惑，引誘”；fulfillment意為“完成，滿(mǎn)足，實(shí)現(xiàn)”；prosperity意為“繁榮”。

句意：越來(lái)越多的美國(guó)教育工作者正在尋找全球性的機(jī)會(huì)，為他們提供他們所需要的職業(yè)和薪水，以及作為一名教育家的成就感。

2.單選題

Themoreanation'scompanies（）factoriesabroad,thesmallerthatcountry'srecordedexportswillbe.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.lie

B.locate

C.spot

D.stand

【答案】B

【解析】句意：一個(gè)國(guó)家的企業(yè)在海外設(shè)廠越多，該國(guó)的出口記錄就會(huì)越小。locate為及物動(dòng)詞，符合句意。其他選項(xiàng)做及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)都和位置沒(méi)有關(guān)系。

3.翻譯題

ChinaDreamistheguidingideologyputforwardbyPresidentXiJinping.HebelievesthatitisthegreatestdreamoftheChinesenationinmoderntimes,andstatesthatthedreamcandefinitelyberealizeD.ThecoreobjectiveofChinaDreamistoachievethegreatrejuvenationoftheChinesenation.Tobemorespecific,thatistorealizenationalprosperityandrejuvenation,aswellasthewell-beingofpeople.Anditsfundamentalrequirementistobuildawell-offsocietyinanall-roundway.Onlywhenthecountryisdevelopedcomprehensivelyandscientifically,canindividualsrealizetheirdreams.Similarly,onlywheneveryoneisfullofpassion,canChinaDreambebeautiful.

【答案】中國(guó)夢(mèng)，是習(xí)近平主席提出的指導(dǎo)思想。他認(rèn)為，這是近代以來(lái)中華民族最偉大的夢(mèng)想，這個(gè)夢(mèng)想一定能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)。中國(guó)夢(mèng)的核心目標(biāo)是實(shí)現(xiàn)中華民族偉大復(fù)興。具體來(lái)說(shuō)，就是要實(shí)現(xiàn)國(guó)家富強(qiáng)、民族振興、人民幸福。其根本要求是全面建設(shè)小康社會(huì)。只有國(guó)家全面科學(xué)發(fā)展，個(gè)人才能實(shí)現(xiàn)自己的夢(mèng)想。同樣，只有每個(gè)人都充滿(mǎn)激情，中國(guó)夢(mèng)才會(huì)美麗。

4.單選題

Abouttwiceeverycentury,oneofthemassivestarsinourgalaxyblowsitselfapartinasupernovaexplosionthatsendsmassivequantitiesofradiationandmatterintospaceandgeneratesshockwavesthatsweepthroughthearmsofthegalaxy.Theshockwavesheattheinterstellargas,evaporatesmallclouds,andcompresslargeronestothepointatwhichtheycollapseundertheirowngravitytoformnewstars.Thegeneralpicturethathasbeendevelopedforthesupernovaexplosionanditsaftermathgoessomethinglikethis.Throughoutitsevolution,astarismuchlikealeakyballoon.Itkeepsitsequilibriumfigurethroughabalanceofinternalpressureagainstthetendencytocollapseunderitsownweight.Thepressureisgeneratedbynuclearreactionsinthecoreofthestarwhichmustcontinuallysupplyenergytobalancetheenergythatleaksoutintheformofradiation.Eventuallythenuclearfuelisexhausted,andthepressuredropsinthecore.Withnothingtoholditup,thematterinthecenterofthestarcollapsesinward,creatinghigherandhigherdensitiesandtemperatures,untilthenucleiandelectronsarefusedintoasuper-denselumpofmatterknownasaneutronstar.

Astheoverlyinglayersraindownonthesurfaceoftheneutronstar,thetemperaturerises,untilwithablindingflashofradiation,thecollapseisreversed.Athermonuclearshockwaverunsthroughthenowexpandingstellarenvelope,fusinglighterelementsintoheavieronesandproducingabrilliantvisualoutburstthatcanbeasintenseasthelightof10billionsuns.Theshellofmatterthrownoffbytheexplosionplowsthroughthesurroundinggas,producinganexpandingbubbleofhotgas,withgastemperaturesinthemillionsofdegrees.ThisgaswillemitmostofitsenergyatX-raywavelengths,soitisnotsurprisingthatX-rayobservatorieshaveprovidedsomeofthemostusefulinsightsintothenatureofthesupernovaphenomenon.MorethantwentysupernovaremnantshavenowbeendetectedinX-raystudies.

Recentdiscoveriesofmeteoriteswithanomalousconcentrationsofcertainisotopesindicatethatasupernovamighthaveprecipitatedthebirthofoursolarsystemmorethanfourandahalfbillionyearsago.AlthoughthecloudthatcollapsedtoformtheSunandtheplanetswascomposedprimarilyofhydrogenandhelium,italsocontainedcarbon,nitrogen,andoxygen,elementsessentialforlifeasweknowit.Elementsheavierthanheliumaremanufactureddeepintheinteriorofstarsandwould,forthemostpart,remainthereifitwerenotforthecataclysmicsupernovaexplosionsthatblowgiantstarsapart.Additionally,supernovasproducecloudsofhigh-energyparticlescalledcosmicrays.Thesehigh-energyparticlescontinuallybombardtheEarthandareresponsibleformanyofthegeneticmutationsthatarethedrivingforceoftheevolutionofspecies.

1.Whichofthefollowingtitlesbestdescribesthecontentofthepassage?

2.Accordingtothepassageaneutronstaris（

）.

3.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthemeteoritesmentionedbytheauthorinPara.3（

）.

4.Accordingtothepassagewhatisthefirsteventinthesequencethatleadstotheoccurrenceofasupernova?

5.Theauthorimpliesthat（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.TheOriginsandEffectsofSupernovas

B.ViolentChangeintheUniverse

C.TheAftermathofaSupernova

D.TheOriginsandEvolutionofLifeonEarth

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.agaseouscloudcontainingheavyelements

B.anintermediatestagebetweenanordinarystarandasupernova

C.thecoreofanordinarystarthathousesthethermonuclearreactions

D.oneofbillionsofmeteorsthatarescatteredacrossthegalaxybyasupernova

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.containdangerousconcentrationsofradioactivematerials

B.arelargerthanthemeteorsnormallyfoundinasolarsystemlikeours

C.containpiecesofasupernovathatoccurredseveralbillionyearsago

D.includematerialnotcreatedinthenormaldevelopmentofoursolarsystem

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.AnordinarystarbeginstoemittremendousquantitiesofX-rays.

B.Animbalancebetweenlightandheavyelementscausesanordinarystartocollapse.

C.Acloudofinterstellargasrichincarbon,nitrogen,andoxygen,collapsestoformaneutronsstar.

D.Anordinarystarexhaustsitssupplyofnuclearfuelandbeginstocollapse.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.lifeonEarthisendangeredbyitsconstantexposuretoradiationforcesthatarereleasedbyasupernova

B.lighterelementsareformedfromheavierelementsduringasupernovaastheheavierelementsaretomapart

C.itissometimeseasiertodetectsupernovasbyobservationoftheX-rayspectrumthanbyobservationofvisiblewavelengthsoflight

D.recentlydiscoveredmeteoritesindicatethatEarthandotherplanetsofoursolarsystemsurvivedtheexplosionofasupernovaseveralbillionyearsago

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.本題要求找到這篇文章最恰當(dāng)?shù)臉?biāo)題。因?yàn)槲闹袥](méi)有提到和重點(diǎn)關(guān)注地球上的生命，排除D選項(xiàng)“地球上的生命的起源和演化”；supernova作為本文的高頻詞和關(guān)鍵詞確定文章講的是與超新星有關(guān)的內(nèi)容，故應(yīng)排除B項(xiàng)“宇宙中的激變”；通過(guò)分析文章可知主要是介紹了超新星的起源以及為宇宙所帶來(lái)的影響，A選項(xiàng)“超新星的起源和影響”作為標(biāo)題最適合。

2.題目是問(wèn)中子星的定義。根據(jù)第一段中的描述超新星爆炸加熱氣態(tài)云并且壓縮體積巨大的氣態(tài)云形成新的恒星。中間階段類(lèi)似漏氣的氣球，不斷產(chǎn)生能量保持內(nèi)外壓力，最終能量耗盡，星體內(nèi)部塌陷，形成高密度和高溫星體，原子和電子融合形成超級(jí)物質(zhì)，就被稱(chēng)為中子星。所以B選項(xiàng)“介于一顆普通恒星與超新星之間的中間階段”正確。

3.本題是問(wèn)第三段中作者提到的隕石……。A項(xiàng)意為“包含著危險(xiǎn)的有放射性物質(zhì)的聚集”；B項(xiàng)意為“比在像我們一樣的太陽(yáng)系中發(fā)現(xiàn)的流星更大”；C項(xiàng)意為“包含數(shù)塊在數(shù)億年前就存在的超新星”；D項(xiàng)意為“不包括在我們的太陽(yáng)系的發(fā)展中創(chuàng)造出的物質(zhì)”。根據(jù)最后一段第一句Recentdiscoveriesofmeteoriteswithanomalousconcentrationsofcertainisotopesindicatethatasupernovamighthaveprecipitatedthebirthofoursolarsystemmorethanfourandahalfbillionyearsago.最近關(guān)于隕石的發(fā)現(xiàn)包括有某些異常的核素的聚集表明了一個(gè)超新星可能比我們太陽(yáng)系產(chǎn)生的時(shí)間早45億年時(shí)間。確定C選項(xiàng)“包含數(shù)塊在數(shù)億年前就存在的超新星”正確。

4.本題是問(wèn)導(dǎo)致超新星存在的第一個(gè)首要的事件是什么。根據(jù)第一段的描述：在每一百年中有兩次銀河系中的大質(zhì)量的恒星就會(huì)在超新星爆炸中將自己分解并發(fā)射大量的輻射物質(zhì)并進(jìn)入太空生成沖擊波而席卷整個(gè)銀河系。這種星級(jí)氣體加熱激波，蒸發(fā)了小云朵，并壓縮較大的一些到達(dá)在自身引力作用下的爆發(fā)點(diǎn)最終形成新的恒星，最終會(huì)形成中子星。所以D選項(xiàng)“一顆普通的恒星耗盡供應(yīng)的核燃料并開(kāi)始爆炸”是第一個(gè)發(fā)生的事件。

5.由第二段中的內(nèi)容soitisnotsurprisingthatX-rayobservatorieshaveprovidedsomeofthemostusefulinsightsintothenatureofthesupernovaphenomenon.因此，x射線天文臺(tái)對(duì)超新星現(xiàn)象的本質(zhì)提供了一些最有用的洞見(jiàn)也就不足為奇了。確定C選項(xiàng)“有時(shí)候通過(guò)觀察X射線光譜來(lái)探測(cè)超新星比通過(guò)觀察可見(jiàn)光波段來(lái)探測(cè)更容易”正確。

5.單選題

Fordecades,arms-controltalkscenteredonnuclearweapons.Thisishardlysurprising,sinceasinglenuclearbombcandestroyanentirecity.Yet,unlikesmallerarms,theseimmenselypowerfulweaponshavenotbeenusedinwarinover50years.

HistorianJohnKeeganwrites:“Nuclearweaponshave,sinceAugust9,1945,killednoone.The50,000,000whohavediedinwarsincethatdatehaveforthemostpart,beenkilledbycheap,mass-producedweaponsandsmallammunition,costinglittlemorethanthetransistorradioswhichhavefloodedtheworldinthesameperiod.Becausesmallweaponshavedisruptedlifeverylittleintheadvancedworld,outsidetherestrictedlocalitieswheredrug-dealingandpoliticalterrorismflourish,thepopulationsoftherichstateshavebeenslowtorecognizethehorrorthatthispollutionhasbroughtinitstrain.

Whyhavesmallarmsbecometheweaponsofchoiceinrecentwars?Partofthereasonliesintherelationshipbetweenconflictandpoverty.Mostofthewarsfoughtduringthe1990stookplaceincountriesthatarepoor—toopoortobuysophisticatedweaponsystems.Smallarmsandlightweaponsareabargain.Forexample,50milliondollars,whichisapproximatelythecostofasinglemodernjetfighter,canequipanarmywith200,000assaultrifles.

Anotherreasonwhysmallweaponsaresopopularisthattheyarelethal.Asinglerapid-fireassaultriflecanfirehundredsofroundsaminute.Theyarealsoeasytouseandmaintain.Achildoftencanbetaughttostripandreassembleatypicalassaultrifle.Achildcanalsoquicklylearntoaimandfirethatrifleintoacrowdofpeople.

Theglobaltrafficingunsiscomplex.Theillegaltradeofsmallarmsisbig.InsomeAfricanwars,paramilitarygroupshaveboughtbillionsofdollars’worthofsmallarmsandlightweapons,notwithmoney,butwithdiamondsseizedfromdiamond-miningareas.

Weaponsarealsolinkedtotheillegaltradeindrugs.Itisnotunusualforcriminalorganizationstousethesameroutestosmuggledrugsinonedirectionandtosmugglegunsintheother.

1.Itisimpliedinthepassagethat______.

2.Theadvancedworldneglecttheproblemsofsmallarmsbecause______.

3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasthereasonfortheprevalenceofsmallarms?

4.Wecanconcludefromthepassagethat______.

5.Thebesttitleforthispassageis______.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.thenucleararms-controltalkscanneverreachanagreement

B.smallarms-controlismoreimportantthannucleararms-control

C.thepowerofnuclearweaponstokillpeoplehasbeendiminished

D.nuclearweaponswerethetopicofarms-controltalks50yearsago

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.theyhavetodealwithdrug-dealingandpoliticalterrorism

B.theyhavenosuchproblemsasarecausedbysmallweapons

C.theyfaceothermoreimportantproblemssuchaspollution

D.theyhavenotrecognizedtheseriousnessoftheproblemsintime

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Smallarmsarecheap.

B.Smallarmsarepowerful.

C.Smallarmsareeasiertouse.

D.Smallarmsareeasiertoget.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.smallarmsarenotexpensiveintheblack-market

B.itisunfairtoexchangesmallarmsfordiamond

C.criminalsusethesamepassagetosmuggledrugsandsmallarms

D.wheretherearedrugs,therearesmallarms

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.SmallArmsTalks,NotNuclearArmsTalks

B.NeglectofSmallArmsControl

C.GlobalTrafficinSmallArms

D.SmallArms,BigProblems

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.由題干可以定位到文章第二段第一、二句N(xiāo)uclearweaponshave,sinceAugust9,1945,killednoone.The50,000,000whohavediedinwarsincethatdatehaveforthemostpart,beenkilledbycheap,mass-producedweaponsandsmallammunition（自1985年8月9日以來(lái)，沒(méi)有一個(gè)人死于核武器。而在這一時(shí)期卻有5000萬(wàn)人死于廉價(jià)的、大規(guī)模生產(chǎn)的武器和小型爆炸物），說(shuō)明小型武器的濫用已經(jīng)造成了比核武器還嚴(yán)重的后果，應(yīng)該重視小型武器的控制。因此B選項(xiàng)“小型武器控制比核武器控制更重要”正確。A選項(xiàng)“核武器控制談判不可能達(dá)成協(xié)議”，C選項(xiàng)“核武器的殺傷力已經(jīng)減弱了”，D選項(xiàng)“核武器是50年前軍控談判的主題”在文中均沒(méi)有提及，所以A,C,D錯(cuò)誤。

2.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章第二段第三句Becausesmallweaponshavedisruptedlifeverylittleintheadvancedworld,outsidetherestrictedlocalitieswheredrug-dealingandpoliticalterrorismflourish,thepopulationsoftherichstateshavebeenslowtorecognizethehorrorthatthispollutionhasbroughtinitstrain.（由于小型武器對(duì)發(fā)達(dá)世界的國(guó)家影響很小，毒品交易和政治恐怖盛行的地方在他們生活的圈子之外，因此富國(guó)的人們很難意識(shí)到小型武器泛濫所帶來(lái)的嚴(yán)重性。），說(shuō)明先進(jìn)國(guó)家的人們沒(méi)有及時(shí)地意識(shí)到小型武器問(wèn)題的嚴(yán)重性。因此D選項(xiàng)“他們沒(méi)有及時(shí)認(rèn)識(shí)到這些問(wèn)題的嚴(yán)重性”正確。A選項(xiàng)“他們要處理毒品交易和政治恐怖主義問(wèn)題”，由原文可知，他們的生活圈子中沒(méi)有毒品交易和政治恐怖主義，所以A錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“他們沒(méi)有由小武器引起的這種問(wèn)題”，C選項(xiàng)“他們面臨其他更重要的問(wèn)題，如污染”在文中沒(méi)有提及，所以B,C錯(cuò)誤。

3.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。A選項(xiàng)“小型武器很便宜”，由原文Smallarmsandlightweaponsareabargain.（小型武器和輕武器很便宜。）可知，A屬于小型武器盛行的原因，排除A。B選項(xiàng)“小型武器有威力”，由原文Anotherreasonwhysmallweaponsaresopopularisthattheyarelethal.（小型武器如此流行的另一個(gè)原因是它們是致命的。）可知，B屬于小型武器盛行的原因，排除B。C選項(xiàng)“小武器更容易使用”，由原文Theyarealsoeasytouseandmaintain.（它們也易于使用和維護(hù)。）可知，C屬于小型武器盛行的原因，排除C。D選項(xiàng)“小型武器更容易得到”在文中沒(méi)有提及，因此本題選D。

4.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章最后一段第二句Itisnotunusualforcriminalorganizationstousethesameroutestosmuggledrugsinonedirectionandtosmugglegunsintheother.（通常犯罪組織利用同一渠道一個(gè)方向走私毒品另一方向走私槍支。），說(shuō)明犯罪組織利用同一渠道走私毒品和槍支。因此C選項(xiàng)“犯罪分子利用同一渠道走私毒品和小型武器”正確。A選項(xiàng)“小型武器在黑市上并不昂貴”，原文沒(méi)有說(shuō)小型武器在黑市上的價(jià)格，所以A錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“用小型武器換鉆石是不公平的”，原文只介紹了用鉆石購(gòu)買(mǎi)小型武器的事件，沒(méi)有評(píng)價(jià)其是否公平，所以B錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“有毒品的地方就有小型武器”，原文只提到利用同一渠道走私毒品和小型武器，沒(méi)有說(shuō)兩者必然同時(shí)存在，所以D錯(cuò)誤。

5.主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，文章闡述了小型武器給社會(huì)帶來(lái)的極大危害，造成了大量人民生命財(cái)產(chǎn)的損失。因此D選項(xiàng)“小武器，大問(wèn)題”最適合作為文章標(biāo)題。A選項(xiàng)“小型武器談判，而不是核軍備談判”，B選項(xiàng)“對(duì)小型武器控制的忽視”，C選項(xiàng)“小型武器的全球交易”只是文章的一個(gè)方面，不能全面地概括文章的內(nèi)容，所以A,B,C錯(cuò)誤。

6.單選題

Ihaveneverlaid（）tobeinganexpertinthisfield.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.reclaim

B.exclamation

C.affirmation

D.claim

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。layclaimto“聲稱(chēng)……的權(quán)力，自稱(chēng)有知識(shí)等”。句意：我從不認(rèn)為自己是這個(gè)領(lǐng)域的專(zhuān)家。結(jié)合句意，故D為正確答案。

7.單選題

I’vebeenwritingformostofmylife.ThebookWritingWithoutTeachersintroducedmetoonedistinctionandonepracticethathashelpedmywritingprocessestremendously.Thedistinctionisbetweenthecreativemindandthecriticalmind.Whileyouneedtoemploybothtogettoafinishedresult,theycannotworkinparallelnomatterhowmuchwemightliketothinkso.

Tryingtocriticizewritingontheflyispossiblythesinglegreatestbarriertowritingthatmostofusencounter—Ifyouarelisteningtothat5thgradeEnglishteachercorrectyourgrammarwhileyouaretryingtocaptureafleeting(稍縱即逝的)thought,thethoughtwilldie.Ifyoucapturethefleetingthoughtandsimplyshareitwiththeworldinrawform,nooneislikelytounderstand.Youmustlearntocreatefirstandthencriticizeifyouwanttomakewritingthetoolforthinkingthatitis.

ThepracticethatcanhelpyoupastyourlearnedbadhabitsoftryingtoeditasyouwriteiswhatElbowcalls“freewriting”.Infreewriting,theobjectiveistogetwordsdownonpapernon-stop,usuallyfor15-20minutes.Nostopping,nogoingback,nocriticizing.Thegoalistogetthewordsflowing.Asthewordsbegintoflow,theideaswillcomeoutfromtheshadowsandletthemselvesbecapturedonyournotepadoryourscreen.

Nowyouhaverawmaterialsthatyoucanbegintoworkwithusingthecriticalmindthatyou’vepersuadedtositonthesideandwatchquietly.Mostlikely,youwillbelievethatthiswilltakemoretimethanyouactuallyhaveandyouwillendupstaringblanklyatthepageasthedeadlinedrawsnear.

Insteadofstaringatablankscreenstartfillingitwithwordsnomatterhowbad.Halfwaythroughyouravailabletime,stopandreworkyourrawwritingintosomethingclosertofinishedproduct.Movebackandforthuntilyourunoutoftimeandthefinalresultwillmostlikelybefarbetterthanyourcurrentpractices.

1.Whentheauthorsaysthecreativemindandthecriticalmind“cannotworkinparallel”(Line4Para.1)inthewritingprocess,hemeans（）.

2.Whatpreventspeoplefromwritingonis（）.

3.Whatisthechiefobjectiveofthefirststagewriting?

4.Onecommonconcernofwritersabout“freewriting”isthat（）.

5.Inwhatwaydoesthecriticalmindhelpthewriterinthewritingprocess?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.noonecanbebothcreativeandcritical

B.theycannotberegardedasequallyimportant

C.theyareinconstantconflictwitheachother

D.onecannotusethematthesametime

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.puttingtheirideasinrawform

B.attemptingtoeditastheywrite

C.ignoringgrammaticalsoundness

D.tryingtocapturefleetingthoughts

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Toorganizeone’sthoughtslogically

B.Tochooseanappropriatetopic

C.Togetone’sideasdown.

D.Tocollectrawmaterials

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.itoverstressestheroleofthecreativemind

B.ittakestoomuchtimetoeditafterwards

C.itmaybringabouttoomuchcriticism

D.itdoesnothelpthemtothinkclearly

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Itrefineshiswritingintobettershape

B.Ithelpshimtocomeupwithnewideas.

C.Itsavesthewritingtimeavailabletohim

D.Itallowshimtositonthesideandobserve

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句“Youmustlearntocreatefirstandthencriticizeifyouwanttomakewritingthetoolforthinkingthatitis.”如果你想讓寫(xiě)作成為思考的工具，你必須先學(xué)會(huì)創(chuàng)作，然后再修改。所以作者說(shuō)二者不能并行的意思是不能同時(shí)使用，選項(xiàng)D正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第二段第一句“Tryingtocriticizewritingontheflyispossiblythesinglegreatestbarriertowritingthatmostofusencounter”在飛快的寫(xiě)作過(guò)程中修改可能是我們大多數(shù)人遇到的最大障礙。選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句“Asthewordsbegintoflow,theideaswillcomeoutfromtheshadowsandletthemselvesbecapturedonyournotepadoryourscreen.”當(dāng)文字開(kāi)始流暢起來(lái)時(shí)，想法也會(huì)從陰影中浮現(xiàn)出來(lái)，并呈現(xiàn)于記事本或屏幕上。由此可知，第一步寫(xiě)作的主要目的是將想法記錄下來(lái)，選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段最后一句“Mostlikely,youwillbelievethatthiswilltakemoretimethanyouactuallyhaveandyouwillendupstaringblanklyatthepageasthedeadlinedrawsnear.”很有可能，你會(huì)認(rèn)為這比你實(shí)際擁有的時(shí)間要長(zhǎng)，而且隨著最后期限的臨近，你最終會(huì)茫然地盯著這一頁(yè)。由此可推斷，對(duì)自由寫(xiě)作的擔(dān)憂(yōu)是寫(xiě)作的人對(duì)自由寫(xiě)作的擔(dān)憂(yōu)是之后的編輯時(shí)間太長(zhǎng)，選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

5.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段的內(nèi)容，不要盯著空白的屏幕，用文字來(lái)填滿(mǎn)它，無(wú)論這些文字多么糟糕。在你可用的時(shí)間的一半，停下來(lái)，把你之前的寫(xiě)作重寫(xiě)成更接近成品的東西。反復(fù)修改，直到時(shí)間耗盡，最終的結(jié)果很可能比之前的練習(xí)要好得多。由此可知，批判性思維能夠幫助寫(xiě)作更加完善。選項(xiàng)A正確。

8.單選題

Governmentreports,examinationcompositions,legaldocumentsandmostbusinesslettersarethemainsituations______formallanguageisused.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.inwhich

B.onwhich

C.inthat

D.atwhat

【答案】A

【解析】考查定語(yǔ)從句。formallanguageisused是用來(lái)修飾situations的定語(yǔ)從句，并且是一個(gè)完整的句子，可知橫線上的部分充當(dāng)關(guān)系副詞，根據(jù)短語(yǔ)inthesituation可知橫線部分表示地點(diǎn)，所以答案選A選項(xiàng)inwhich，B選項(xiàng)onwhich錯(cuò)誤。inwhat用法錯(cuò)誤，故C選項(xiàng)inwhat錯(cuò)誤。atwhat用法錯(cuò)誤，D選項(xiàng)atwhat錯(cuò)誤。句意：政府報(bào)告、考試作文、法律文件和大多數(shù)商務(wù)信函是使用正式語(yǔ)言的主要情況。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

9.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingfromEnglishintoChinese.

Wecantakethemysterious,hazyfutureandcarveoutofitanythingthatwecanimagine,

justasasculptorcarvesastatuefromashapelessstone.Weareallinthepositionofthefarmer.Ifweplantagoodseed,wereapagoodharvest.Ifourseedispoorandfullofweeds,wereapauselesscrop.Ifweplantnothingatall,weharvestnothingatall.

Iwantthefuturetobebetterthanthepast.Idon’twantitcontaminatedbythemistakesanderrorswithwhichhistoryisfilled.Weshouldallbeconcernedaboutthefuturebecausethatiswherewewillspendtheremainderofourlives.

Thepastisgoneandstatic.Nothingwecandowillchangeit.Thefutureisbeforeusanddynamic.Everythingwedowillaffectit.Eachdaybringswithitnewfrontiers,inourhomesandinourbusinesses,ifwewillonlyrecognizethem.Wearejustatthebeginningoftheprogressineveryfieldofhumanendeavor.

【答案】我們可以把神秘的、不可知的未來(lái)塑造成我們所能想象到的任何東西，就像雕刻家將不成形的石頭上雕刻成雕像一樣。我們都站在農(nóng)民的立場(chǎng)。如果我們播下好的種子，我們就會(huì)收獲好收成。如果我們的種子貧瘠，雜草叢生，我們就會(huì)收獲無(wú)用的莊稼。如果我們什么都不種，我們就什么也收獲不了。

我希望未來(lái)比過(guò)去更美好。我不希望它會(huì)被那些充斥在過(guò)去中的錯(cuò)誤與過(guò)失所污染。我們都應(yīng)該關(guān)心未來(lái)，因?yàn)槲覀儗⒃谖磥?lái)度過(guò)余生。

往昔已逝，靜如止水。我們所能做的一切都改變不了它。未來(lái)就在我們面前，充滿(mǎn)活力。我們所做的每一件都將會(huì)影響它。只要我們認(rèn)識(shí)到這些，在我們的家中和在企業(yè)中，每一天都會(huì)帶來(lái)新的領(lǐng)域。在人類(lèi)努力開(kāi)拓的每一片領(lǐng)域上，我們正處于進(jìn)步的開(kāi)端。

10.單選題

OurteamcouldreceivealotofsupportandfundingifwecouldconvinceamajorcompanylikeNIKEorCocaColato（）us.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.approve

B.endorse

C.oblige

D.comply

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。approve“批準(zhǔn)”；endorse“認(rèn)可；簽署”；oblige“迫使；強(qiáng)制”；comply“遵守；順從”。句意：如果我們能說(shuō)服像耐克和可口可樂(lè)這樣的大公司來(lái)______我們的話(huà)，我們的團(tuán)隊(duì)就能得到大量支持和資金。根據(jù)句意可知選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

11.單選題

Theimportanceandfocusoftheinterviewintheworkoftheprintandbroadcastjournalistisreflectedinseveralbooksthathavebeenwrittenonthetopic.Mostofthesebooks,aswellasseveralchapters,mainlyin,butnotlimitedto.journalistandbroadcastinghandbooksandreportingtexts,stressthe"howto"aspectsorjournalisticinterviewingratherthantheconceptualaspectsoftheinterview,itscontext,andimplications.Muchofthe"howto"materialisbasedonpersonalexperiencesandgeneralimpressions.Asweknow,injournalismasinotherfields,muchcanbelearnedfromthesystematicstudyofprofessionalpractice.Suchstudybringstogetherevidencefromwhichbroadgeneralizedprinciplescanbedeveloped.

Thereis,ashasbeensuggested,agrowingbodyofresearchliteratureinjournalismandbroadcasting,butverylittlesignificantattentionhasbeendevotedtothestudyoftheinterviewitself.Ontheotherhand,manygeneraltextsaswellasnumerousresearcharticlesoninterviewinginfieldsotherthanjournalismhavebeenwritten.Manyofthesebooksandarticlespresent,thetheoreticalandempiricalaspectsoftheinterviewaswellasthetrainingoftheinterviewers.Unhappily,thisplentifulgeneralliteratureaboutinterviewingpayslittleattentiontothejournalisticinterview.Thefactthatthegeneralliteratureoninterviewingdoesnotdealwiththejournalisticinterviewseemstobesurprisingfortworeasons.First,itseemslikelythatmostpeopleinmodern.Westernsocietiesaremorefamiliar,atleastinapositivemanner,withjournalisticinterviewingthanwithanyotherformofinterviewing.Mostofusareprobablysomewhatfamiliarwiththeclinicalinterview,suchasthatconductedbyphysiciansandpsychologists.Inthesesituationstheprofessionalpersonorinterviewerisinterestedingettinginformationnecessaryforthediagnosisandtreatmentofthepersonseekinghelp.Anotherfamiliarsituationisthejobinterview.However,veryfewofushaveactuallybeeninterviewedpersonallybythemassmedia,particularlybytelevision.Andyet,wehaveavividacquaintancewiththejournalisticinterviewbyvirtueofourrolesasreaders,listeners,andviewers.Evenso,trueunderstandingofthejournalisticinterview,especiallytelevisioninterviews,requiresthoughtfulanalysesandevenstudy,asthisbookindicates.

1.Themainideaofthefirstparagraphisthat（）

2.Muchresearchhasbeendoneoninterviewsingeneral（）

3.Westernersarefamiliarwiththejournalisticinterview（）

4.Whoistheintervieweeinaclinicinterview?

5.Thepassageismostlikelyapartof（）

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.generalizedprinciplesforjournalisticinterviewsarethechiefconcernforwritersonjournalism

B.conceptsandcontextualimplicationsareofsecondaryimportanceto.journalisticinterviewing

C.importanceshouldbeattachedtothesystematicstudyofjournalisticinterviewing

D.personalexperiencesandgeneralimpressionsshouldbeexcludedfromjournalisticinterviews

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.butjournalisticinterviewingasaspecificfieldhasunfortunatelybeenneglected

B.thoughthestudyoftheinterviewingtechniqueshasn'treceivedmuchattention

C.sothetrainingofjournalisticinterviewershaslikewisebeenstrengthened

D.andtherehasalsobeenadramaticgrowthinthestudyofjournalisticinterviewing

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.butmostofthemwishtostayawayfromit

B.andmanyofthemhopetobeinterviewedsomeday

C.butmostofthemmaynothavebeeninterviewedinperson

D.andmanyofthemwouldliketoacquireatrueunderstandingofit

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Thepsychologist.

B.Thephysician.

C.Thejournalist.

D.Thepatient.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.anewsarticle

B.apreface

C.aresearchreport

D.ajournalisticinterview

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:根據(jù)第一段的最后兩句“Asweknow,injournalismasinotherfields,muchcanbelearnedfromthesystematicstudyofprofessionalpractice.Suchstudybringstogetherevidencefromwhichbroadgeneralizedprinciplescanbedeveloped.”正如我們所知，在新聞?lì)I(lǐng)域和在其他領(lǐng)域一樣，可以從對(duì)專(zhuān)業(yè)實(shí)踐的系統(tǒng)研究中學(xué)到很多東西。這樣的研究匯集了證據(jù)，從中可以發(fā)展出廣泛而普遍的原則。所以第一段主要是說(shuō)要重視對(duì)新聞采訪的系統(tǒng)研究。選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

第2題:根據(jù)第二段“Unhappily,thisplentifulgeneralliteratureaboutinterviewingpayslittleattentiontothejournalisticinterview.”不幸的是，大量關(guān)于采訪的一般文獻(xiàn)很少關(guān)注新聞采訪。選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

第3題:根據(jù)第二段“However,veryfewofushaveactuallybeeninterviewedpersonallybythemassmedia,particularlybytelevision.”然而，我們中很少有人真正接受過(guò)大眾媒體，特別是電視的親自采訪。選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

第4題:根據(jù)第二段“Inthesesituationstheprofessionalpersonorinterviewerisint