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住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-中國政法大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I(帶答案詳解)(圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

IntheOsagetribeofOklahoma,beadedbelts______whoheldahighsocialstatus.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.onlybywomenwerefashioned

B.bywomenwerefashionedonly

C.werefashionedonlybywomen

D.werebywomenfashionedonly

【答案】C

【解析】考查被動語態(tài)的用法。一般來說被動句式中的主語后面應(yīng)該緊跟發(fā)生的動詞,即被怎么樣了,然后才是發(fā)出動作的人、物,即被誰怎么樣,所以在這個(gè)順序中,只有C是符合的。句意:在俄克拉何馬州的奧賽治族印第安部落里,鑲嵌串珠的腰帶只能由社會地位較高的女性來制作。因此,該題正確答案為C。

2.翻譯題

改革開放是國家發(fā)展進(jìn)步的根本動力。我國改革已進(jìn)入攻堅(jiān)階段,必須進(jìn)一步解放思想,全面推進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)、政治、文化、社會等領(lǐng)域的改革,不斷把改革引向深入。要進(jìn)一步完善社會主義市場經(jīng)濟(jì)體制。毫不動搖地鞏固和發(fā)展公有制經(jīng)濟(jì),毫不動搖地鼓勵、支持和引導(dǎo)非公有制經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展,形成各種所有制經(jīng)濟(jì)依法平等使用生產(chǎn)要素、公平參與市場競爭、同等受到法律保護(hù)的體制環(huán)境。深化國有企業(yè)改革以及重點(diǎn)行業(yè)改革。

【答案】參考譯文:

ReformandopeninguparethefundamentalforcethatdrivesChina’sdevelopmentandprogress.Chinahasenteredacrucialstageofreform,andwemustfurtheremancipateourminds;carryoutall-aroundeconomic,political,culturalandsocialreforms;andconstantlydeepenthem.Weneedtoimprovethesocialistmarketeconomy.Weshouldunwaveringlyconsolidateanddevelopthepublicsectoroftheeconomyandencourage,supportandguidethedevelopmentofthenon-publicsector,soastofosterastructuralenvironmentinwhicheconomicentitiesunderdifferentformsofownershiphaveequalaccesstofactorsofproductioninaccordancewiththelaw,competeonalevelplayingfieldandenjoyequallegalprotection.Weshoulddeepenreformofstate-ownedenterprisesandkeyindustries.

3.單選題

Mosttraditionalfolksongsareofanonymousorigin.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.insignificant

B.inconspicuous

C.unusual

D.unknown

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。anonymous表示“匿名的,無名的”;A項(xiàng)insignificant“無關(guān)緊要的”,B項(xiàng)inconspicuous“不起眼的,不引起注意的”,C項(xiàng)unusual“不尋常的,與眾不同的”,D項(xiàng)unknown“未知的”。句意:大多數(shù)的傳統(tǒng)民間歌曲的作者都無從得知。根據(jù)句意該題選D。

4.單選題

Geysershaveoftenbeencomparedtovolcanoes______theybothemithotliquidsformbelowtheEarth’ssurface.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.dueto

B.became

C.inspiteof

D.regardlessof

【答案】A

【解析】考查句子邏輯。從句子的意思可以知道,前后成分是結(jié)果與原因的關(guān)系,所以我們需要選擇一個(gè)表示原因的連接詞,A項(xiàng)dueto“由于”,后面接表示原因的名詞性成分;B項(xiàng)become“變成”,不符合邏輯;C項(xiàng)inspiteof“盡管”表示讓步;D項(xiàng)regardlessof“不管”表示條件;這里題干其實(shí)省略了一個(gè)that。句意:間歇泉經(jīng)常被比作火山,因?yàn)樗鼈兌坚尫懦龅乇硐碌臒嵋后w。因此,該題正確答案為A。

5.單選題

Theideathatboththeparentsandthecommunityareresponsibleforthewell-beingofminorshasgainedacceptanceonlyinthetwentieth.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.welfare

B.welcome

C.appearance

D.speech

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。well-being表示“幸福,康樂”。A項(xiàng)welfare“福利”,B項(xiàng)welcome“歡迎,接受”,C項(xiàng)appearance“外貌,外觀”,D項(xiàng)speech“演講”;句意:父母和社會都應(yīng)該對未成年人的幸福負(fù)責(zé)的觀點(diǎn)直到二十世紀(jì)才得到接受。根據(jù)句意該題選A。

6.單選題

Doyourememberallthoseyearswhenscientistsarguedthatsmokingwouldkillusbutthedoubtersinsistedthatwedidn’tknowforsure?Thattheevidencewasinconclusive;thescienceuncertain?Thattheantismokinglobbywasouttodestroyourwayoflifeandthegovernmentshouldstayoutoftheway?LotsofAmericansboughtthatnonsense,andoverthreedecades,some10millionsmokerswenttoearlygraves.

Thereareupsettingparallelstoday,asscientistsinonewaveafteranothertrytoawakenustothegrowingthreatofglobalwarming.ThelatestwasapanelfromtheNational.AcademyofSciences,enlistedbytheWhiteHouse,totellusthattheEarth’satmosphereisdefinitelywarmingandthattheproblemislargelyman-made.Theclearmessageisthatweshouldgetmovingtoprotectourselves.ThepresidentoftheNationalAcademy.BruceAlberts,addedthiskeypointintheprefacetothepanel’sreport,“Scienceneverhasalltheanswers.Butsciencedoesprovideuswiththebestavailableguidetothefuture,anditiscriticalthatournationandtheworldbaseimportantpoliciesonthebestjudgmentsthatsciencecanprovideconcerningthefutureconsequencesofpresentactions”.

Justasonsmoking,voicesnowcomefrommanyquartersinsistingthatthescienceaboutglobalwarmingisincomplete,thatit’sOKtokeeppouringfumesintotheairuntilweknowforsure.Thisisadangerousgame:bythetime100percentoftheevidenceisin,itmaybetoolate.Withtherisksobviousandgrowing,prudentpeoplewouldtakeoutaninsurancepolicynow.

Fortunately,theWhiteHouseisstartingtopayattention.Butit’sobviousthatamajorityofthepresident’sadvisersstilldon’ttakeglobalwarmingseriously.Insteadofaplanofaction,theycontinuetopressformoreresearch—aclassiccaseof“paralysisbyanalysis.”

Toserveasresponsiblestewardsoftheplanet,wemustpressforwardondeeperatmosphericandoceanicresearch.Butresearchaloneisinadequate.IftheAdministrationwon’ttakethelegislativeinitiative,Congressshouldhelptobeginfashioningconservationmeasures.AbillbyDemocraticSenatorRobertByrdofWestVirginia,whichwouldofferfinancialincentivesforprivateindustry,isapromisingstart.Manyseethatthecountryisgettingreadytobuildlotsofnewpowerplantstomeetourenergyneeds.Ifweareevergoingtoprotecttheatmosphere,itiscrucialthatthosenewplantsbeenvironmentallysound.

56.Anargumentmadebysupportersofsmokingwasthat______.

57.AccordingtoBruceAlberts,sciencecanserveas______.

58.Whatdoestheauthormeanby“paralysisbyanalysis”(Lastline,Paragraph4)?

59.Accordingtotheauthor,whatshouldtheAdministrationdoaboutglobalwarming?

60.Theauthorassociatestheissueofglobalwarmingwiththatofsmokingbecause______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.therewasnoscientificevidenceofthecorrelationbetweensmokinganddeath

B.thenumberofearlydeathsofsmokersinthepastdecadeswasinsignificant

C.peoplehadthefreedomtochoosetheirownwayoflife

D.antismokingpeoplewereusuallytalkingnonsense

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.aguide

B.ajudge

C.acritic

D.aprotector

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Prudentplanninghindersprogress.

B.Carefulinvestigationrevealstruth.

C.Endlessstudieskillaction.

D.Extensiveresearchhelpsdecision-making.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Offeraidtobuildcleanerpowerplants.

B.Raisepublicawarenessofconservation.

C.Takesomelegislativemeasures.

D.Pressforfurtherscientificresearch.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.theybothsufferedfromthegovernment’snegligence

B.alessonfromthelatterisapplicabletotheformer

C.theoutcomeofthelatteraggravatestheformer

D.bothofthemhaveturnedfrombadtoworse

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】56.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】判斷推理題。題干意思是“吸煙的支持者提出的論點(diǎn)是……”。第一段第三句提到Thattheantismokinglobbywasouttodestroyourwayoflife(反對吸煙的游說將毀掉我們的生活方式)可以推斷,吸煙的支持者認(rèn)為他們有選擇自己生活方式的自由,因此C項(xiàng)“人們有自由選擇自己的生活方式”符合題意。A項(xiàng)“吸煙與死亡之間沒有相關(guān)的科學(xué)證據(jù)”,根據(jù)第一段第二句theevidencewasinconclusive(證據(jù)缺乏決定性)可知不是沒有相關(guān)證據(jù),而是證據(jù)缺乏決定性,所以A項(xiàng)錯誤;根據(jù)第一段第四句LotsofAmericansthoughtthatnonsense,andoverthreedecades,some10millionsmokerswenttoearlygraves(很多美國人認(rèn)為吸煙導(dǎo)致人死亡的說法是胡說,在過去的三十年間,大約1000萬吸煙者早逝),可知有大約1000萬吸煙者早逝這個(gè)數(shù)量并不是微不足道的,因此B項(xiàng)“過數(shù)十年中早逝的煙民數(shù)量微不足道”錯誤;另外美國人是認(rèn)為吸煙導(dǎo)致人死亡的說法是胡說八道,而不是禁煙者胡說,因此D項(xiàng)“禁煙者通常都是在胡說八道”也不符合題意。故該題選C。

57.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“根據(jù)BruceAlberts,科學(xué)可以作為……”。根據(jù)第二段最后一句Butsciencedoesprovideuswiththebestavailableguidetothefuture(但是科學(xué)確實(shí)為我們提供了關(guān)于未來的最好指導(dǎo))可知,科學(xué)可以作為指導(dǎo),因此A項(xiàng)“指導(dǎo)”正確。B項(xiàng)“法官”,C項(xiàng)“批評家”和D項(xiàng)“保護(hù)者”都不符合。故該題選A。

58.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】判斷推理題。題干意思是“作者在第四段最后一行說‘分析導(dǎo)致的癱瘓’是什么意思?”。根據(jù)第四段第一行提到Butit’sobviousthatamajorityofthepresident’sadvisersstilldon’ttakeglobalwarmingseriously.Insteadofaplanofaction,theycontinuetopressformoreresearch—aclassiccaseof“paralysisbyanalysis.”(但很明顯,總統(tǒng)的大多數(shù)顧問仍然沒有認(rèn)真對待全球變暖問題。他們沒有制定行動計(jì)劃,而是繼續(xù)推動更多的研究——一個(gè)典型的“分析導(dǎo)致癱瘓”的案例)可知,“分析導(dǎo)致癱瘓”的意思是研究阻止了行動的產(chǎn)生,因此C項(xiàng)“無休止的研究扼殺了行動”符合題意。B項(xiàng)“仔細(xì)調(diào)查揭示真相”和A項(xiàng)“謹(jǐn)慎計(jì)劃阻礙進(jìn)步”沒有提到,D項(xiàng)“大量的研究有助于決策”,文中只是提到了更多的研究,沒有提到研究有助于決策,故該題選C正確。

59.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】判斷推理題。題干意思是“根據(jù)作者的觀點(diǎn),政府應(yīng)該如何應(yīng)對全球變暖?”。根據(jù)最后一段第三句IftheAdministrationwon’ttakethelegislativeinitiative,Congressshouldhelptobeginfashioningconservationmeasures.(如果政府不采取立法措施,國會應(yīng)該幫助制定保護(hù)措施)可知,在作者的觀點(diǎn)中,政府應(yīng)該采取立法措施,因此C項(xiàng)“采取一些立法措施”符合題意。A項(xiàng)“提供支持,建設(shè)清潔發(fā)電廠”和B項(xiàng)“提高公眾保護(hù)意識”都是政府的立法措施能夠做到的,因此包括在里面;D項(xiàng)“促進(jìn)更進(jìn)一步的科學(xué)研究”不是作者想要政府做的,前文提到研究扼殺了行動,因此D項(xiàng)錯誤;故該題C項(xiàng)正確。

60.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】判斷推理題。題干意思是“作者把全球變暖問題和吸煙問題聯(lián)系起來是因?yàn)椤?。作者在文章第一段講述科學(xué)家們認(rèn)為吸煙會致人死亡,而懷疑者們堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為證據(jù)缺乏決定性;第二段接著講述現(xiàn)在出現(xiàn)了類似的情況,即全球變暖的問題,科學(xué)家們試圖讓我們意識到全球氣候變暖所帶來的日益嚴(yán)重的威脅與地球氣候變暖主要是人為造成的;第三段講述就如吸煙問題一樣,來自不同領(lǐng)域的聲音堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為有關(guān)全球變暖的科學(xué)資料還不完整;由此我們可以推斷來自吸煙問題的教訓(xùn)可以運(yùn)用到全球變暖的問題上,因此B項(xiàng)“吸煙問題的教訓(xùn)可以應(yīng)用于全球變暖的問題上”符合題意。文中只是提到關(guān)于全球變暖的問題政府一直采取研究,沒有提到吸煙問題上政府的態(tài)度,因此A項(xiàng)“兩個(gè)問題都受到了政府的疏忽”不符合題意;C項(xiàng)“吸煙的結(jié)果使全球變暖問題惡化”,文章只是通過吸煙問題引出全球變暖的話題,因此C項(xiàng)錯誤;D項(xiàng)“兩個(gè)問題都變得越來越糟糕了”,文中的確講到兩個(gè)問題的嚴(yán)重性,但是作者把兩個(gè)問題聯(lián)系起來更多的目的還是通過吸煙的問題引出全球變暖的主題,從而引出吸煙問題的教訓(xùn)可以應(yīng)用到全球變暖的問題上。故該題B項(xiàng)最符合題意。

7.填空題

Directions:Inthispartyouwillreadapassageandasummaryofit.Thenfillinthespacesinthesummarywithamaximumofthreewordsfromthepassage.WriteyouranswersOntheAnswerSheet.

ToughSensorCanTaketheHeatAnewgassensormadefromanickel’sworthofmaterialscanendurehightemperatures,corrosion,vibrations,andexposuretowater,accordingtoitsinventorsatArgonneNationalLaboratoryinIllinois.Thetinysensordetectsavarietyofgases.

Conventionalsiliconsensorsdonotworkwellattemperaturesabove150°F.ButArgonne’snewsensor,madeofceramicsandmetals,isnotaffectedbyhightemperatures.“Thematerialsinthissensorbehavewellthroughawiderangeoftemperatures.”saysMichaelVogt,acontrolsystemsengineeratArgonne.

Vogtandhiscolleaguesmadethesensorbyfilm-screeninglayersofceramicandmetalonaceramicsubstrate—thenfiringthesensorinanindustrialovenatmorethanl000°C.TheArgonneresearcherssetouttobuildasensorthatwoulddetectoverheatingcomputercomponents.Beforeanoverheatingcomponentfails,andpossiblyignites,epoxyinthecircuitboardsreleasesagas.TheArgonnesensorcandetectthisvaporandcutoffpowertothecircuit.

Thedevicesensesgasesbyapplyingasteadilyincreasingvoltageacrossitselectricalleadsandmonitoringcurrentspikesinducedasgasesreactonthesensor’ssurface.Eachgasreactsatacharacteristicvoltage,andthesizeofthecurrentspikeindicatesthe“signature”ofseveralrepresentativeorganicsolvents.

Thesensorcouldbeusedtomonitorhydrocarbonemissionsfromcars;today’stypicalsensorsonlymeasureoxygen.Thesensorcouldalsomonitorgasesinindustrialchemicalprocesses.

Summaryofthepassage:

Anewsensormadeofceramicsandmetalscanendurecorrosion,vibrations,exposuretowater,and66__,whilenotaffectedby67__.Aseachgasreactsata68__,thedeviceappliesasteadilyincreasingvoltageandmonitorscurrentspikesinduced.69ofwhichindicatestheconcentrationofthegases.Conventionalsensorsontheotherhand,donotworkwellattemperaturesabove150°Fandcouldbeusedonlyto70__.

【答案】66.detectgases

67.hightemperatures

68.characteristicvoltage

69.the“signature”

70.measureoxygen

【解析】66.文章開篇描述了Anewgassensormadefromanickel’sworthofmaterialscanendurehightemperatures,corrosion,vibrations,andexposuretowater...Thetinysensordetectsavarietyofgases.(一種由鎳含量的材料制成的新型氣體傳感器可以經(jīng)受高溫、腐蝕、振動和暴露在水里……這個(gè)微小的傳感器能探測到各種氣體),其他幾個(gè)在摘要提到了,所以這里需要寫的是偵察氣體。因此填detectgases。

67.文章開篇描述了Anewgassensormadefromanickel'sworthofmaterialscanendurehightemperatures,corrosion,vibrations,andexposuretowater...Thetinysensordetectsavarietyofgases.(一種由鎳含量的材料制成的新型氣體傳感器可以經(jīng)受高溫、腐蝕、振動和暴露在水里……這個(gè)微小的傳感器能探測到各種氣體),上一空已經(jīng)提到了偵察氣體,所以這一空應(yīng)該填入抗高溫,因?yàn)榍懊嬗蟹穸ㄔ~not,所以空格處填入hightemperatures。

68.根據(jù)第四段第二句話提到Eachgasreactsatacharacteristicvoltage(每種氣體在一個(gè)特征電壓下反應(yīng))可知,空格處應(yīng)該填入characteristicvoltage。

69.根據(jù)第四段第二句話提到Eachgasreactsatacharacteristicvoltage,andthesizeofthecurrentspikeindicatesthe“signature”ofseveralrepresentativeorganicsolvents.(每種氣體在一個(gè)特征電壓下反應(yīng),而脈沖的大小表明了幾種代表性有機(jī)溶劑的“特征”)可知,脈沖的不同特征暗示了不同氣體,所以空格處應(yīng)該填入the“signature”。

70.根據(jù)最后一段第一句today’stypicalsensorsonlymeasureoxygen(今天的典型傳感器只測量氧氣)可知,傳統(tǒng)的傳感器在150°F以上的溫度下不能很好地工作,只能用于測量氧氣;所以空格處應(yīng)該填入measureoxygen。

8.單選題

Ishallexplaintherules______wehavereceivedmanyobjections.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.towhich

B.towhere

C.towho

D.towhom

【答案】A

【解析】考查語法??崭裉幮枰x擇一個(gè)定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞,而先行詞是物,所以只能用which或者that,但是先行詞在從句中充當(dāng)?shù)馁e語,objectionto表示“反對”,因此前面引導(dǎo)詞要用towhich。句意:我將解釋一下之前收到許多反對意見的條例。因此A項(xiàng)正確。

9.單選題

Here’sascenarioyoumightrecognizeifyou’reawomandatingasocialmediabutterfly:You’resittingonthecouchtogethersilentlywatchingTV.WhenyoutakeamomenttopeekatyourTwitterfeed,youseeyoursignificantotherhasbeensharingastreamofpersonalthoughtsaboutHouseofCardswiththeTwitterverse—eventhoughhehasn’tutteredawordtoyou.

It’snosurprisethatmantendtobemoretight-lippedthanwomenabouttheirthoughtsandfeelings,butsocialmediaiscreatingahavenforsomementoexpressthemselvesonlineinwaystheydon’tinperson—andneverwouldhavebefore.Fromarelationshipperspective,thatcanbeagoodandbadthing.Womencannowturntosocialmediatogetmoreinsightintowhattheirpartnersthink,butwhere’stheintimacyinthatwhenthosefeelingsarealsobeingbroadcasttohundredsofFacebookfriendsandthousandsofTwitterfollowers.

RecentdatafromPewResearchCentersuggeststhatsocialmediaismakingitswayintorelationshipmorethanever,with74%ofcouplessurveyedsayingtheInternethasimpactedtheirrelationshipinagoodway.Womenaremorelikelythanmentousesocialmedia,with71%ofwomenparticipatingcomparedwith62%ofmen,accordingtothelatestreportfromWomen’sMediaCenter.However,whatpsychologistsandresearchersfindespeciallyinterestingisthat,whilewomenareequallywillingtosharethethoughtstheyspewoutintothedigitaletherwithsomeonefacetoface,menaremuchlesslikelytodothesame.

EvaBuechel,aPhDcandidateattheUniversityofMiamiwhohasstudiedwhypeoplesharecontentonline,hasfoundthatmenandwomenwhoexperiencesocialanxiety,andthereforehaveagreaterneedtoexpresstheirnegativeemotionsandseeksupport,areequallylikelytomaintainablogorsocialmediaaccount.However,“whilesociallyapprehensivefemalesshareequallyacross”.

OtherresearchfromNorthwesternUniversityshowsthatmenareincreasinglymorelikelytosharetheircreativework,likewriting,music,orart,online.Nearlytwo-thirdsofmenina2008studysaidtheyposttheirworkonline,comparedwithonlyhalfofthewomenwhoreportedposting.

56.Fromthewordsused,itcanbeknownthatthetoneofthefirstparagraph______.

57.Whydoesamanprefertoexpressonlineratherthaninpersonaccordingtothepassage?

58.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingaboutwomenisNOTtrue?

59.Accordingtothepassage,menandwomenremaintheirsocialmediaaccountforthefollowingreasonexcept______.

60.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphaboutmen’susingsocialmedia?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.critical

B.ironic

C.ridicule

D.enthusiastic

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Socialmediaisthoughttobemorepowerful.

B.Socialmediaisbelievedtobesafeandpeaceful.

C.Helikeshisopiniontobeexposedtomoreaudience.

D.Heisusuallyshyinfrontofanindividualwhiletalking.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Theygotnegativelyimpactedbysocialmedia.

B.Theyusesocialmediamoreoftenthanmendo.

C.Theyknowtheirspousesmuchbetterfromsocialmedia.

D.Theyarewillingtousebothsocialmediaandfacetofacetalk.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.makingcomplaints

B.gettingsupports

C.makingfriends

D.experiencingsocialanxiety

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Menseldomsharetheiremotionallifeonit.

B.Mentrytogetsupporttohisworkonline.

C.Menarecreativeinwriting,artandthinking.

D.Mentendtomaketheircreativeworkknown.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】56.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】判斷推理題。題干意思是“從用詞可以判斷第一段的語氣是如何的?”。第一段指出Here’sascenarioyoumightrecognizeifyou’reawomandatingasocialmediabutterfly:You’resittingonthecouchtogethersilentlywatchingTV.WhenyoutakeamomenttopeekatyourTwitterfeed,youseeyoursignificantotherhasbeensharingastreamofpersonalthoughtsaboutHouseofCardswiththeTwitterverse—eventhoughhehasn’tutteredawordtoyou.(如果你是一個(gè)喜歡社交媒體的女人,你可能會想到這樣一個(gè)場景:你們一起坐在沙發(fā)上默默地看電視。當(dāng)你花點(diǎn)時(shí)間瀏覽你的推特時(shí),你會發(fā)現(xiàn)你的另一半一直在推特上分享關(guān)于《紙牌屋》的一系列個(gè)人想法——盡管他還沒有對你說過一個(gè)字);文中用了一個(gè)貶義詞“butterfly(追求享樂的人)”,可以推斷這段語氣是嘲諷,所以C項(xiàng)“譏諷、嘲笑”符合。A項(xiàng)“批判的”不符合題意;B項(xiàng)“諷刺的、反話的”,是指用反話諷刺,文中沒有用反話所以不符合題意;D項(xiàng)“熱情的”錯誤。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

57.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】判斷推理題。題干意思是“為什么男士更喜歡在網(wǎng)上表達(dá)而不是當(dāng)面表達(dá)?”。第二段提到It’snosurprisethatmantendtobemoretight-lippedthanwomenabouttheirthoughtsandfeelings,butsocialmediaiscreatingahavenforsomementoexpressthemselvesonlineinwaystheydon’tinperson—andneverwouldhavebefore.(男性對自己的想法和感受往往比女性守口如瓶,這并不奇怪,但社交媒體為一些男性創(chuàng)造了一個(gè)避風(fēng)港,他們可以用自己在現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中從未有過的方式在網(wǎng)上表達(dá)自己),可以推斷,男性認(rèn)為社交媒體是安全的。A項(xiàng)“男性認(rèn)為社交媒體是有力量的”沒有提到;C項(xiàng)“男性喜歡把想法講給觀眾聽”,文中只是說社交媒體為男性提供了避風(fēng)港;D項(xiàng)“在一個(gè)人面前說話會害羞”,這里只是說了男性與女性相比,男性不愛表達(dá)。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

58.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“根據(jù)文章,下列哪一項(xiàng)關(guān)于女性的說法是不正確的?”。第三段第三行提到Womenaremorelikelythanmentousesocialmedia(女性比男性更有可能使用社交媒體),證明B項(xiàng)“她們使用社交媒體比男性更頻繁”正確;第二段最后一句Womencannowturntosocialmediatogetmoreinsightintowhattheirpartnersthink(現(xiàn)在,女性可以通過社交媒體來更深入地了解伴侶的想法)可知,C項(xiàng)“通過社交媒體,她們會更加了解自己的伴侶”正確;第三段倒數(shù)第二行womenareequallywillingtosharethethoughtstheyspewoutintothedigitaletherwithsomeonefacetoface(女性也同樣愿意與某人面對面地分享她們在數(shù)字世界中迸發(fā)的想法)可知,D項(xiàng)“她們既樂意在社交媒體也愿意面對面交流”正確;而A項(xiàng)“她們受到社交媒體的負(fù)面影響”文章沒有提及,只在第四段第二行提到thereforehaveagreaterneedtoexpresstheirnegativeemotionsandseeksupports(因此,男性和女性更需要表達(dá)自己的負(fù)面情緒并尋求支持)。因此,該題選A。

59.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“男性和女性保持使用社交媒體的理由是以下除了……選項(xiàng)?”。從第四段EvaBuechel,aPhDcandidateattheUniversityofMiamiwhohasstudiedwhypeoplesharecontentonline,hasfoundthatmenandwomenwhoexperiencesocialanxiety,andthereforehaveagreaterneedtoexpresstheirnegativeemotionsandseeksupport,areequallylikelytomaintainablogorsocialmediaaccount.(邁阿密大學(xué)博士生EvaBuechel研究為什么人們在線分享內(nèi)容,他發(fā)現(xiàn)男性和女性經(jīng)歷社會焦慮,也因此更需要表達(dá)自己的負(fù)面情緒,尋求支持,同樣有可能保持一個(gè)博客或社交媒體賬戶)可以看出,A項(xiàng)“抱怨”、B項(xiàng)“得到支持”、D項(xiàng)“經(jīng)歷社會焦慮”均提到,唯獨(dú)C項(xiàng)“交朋友”沒有提及。所以該題選C。

60.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】判斷推理題。題干意思是“關(guān)于男性使用社交媒體,從最后一段可以推斷出……?”。最后一段講到menareincreasinglymorelikelytosharetheircreativework,likewriting,music,orart,online.Nearlytwo-thirdsofmenina2008studysaidtheyposttheirworkonline,comparedwithonlyhalfofthewomenwhoreportedposting.(男性越來越愿意在網(wǎng)上分享他們的創(chuàng)造性工作,如寫作、音樂或藝術(shù);在2008年的一項(xiàng)研究中,近三分之二的男性表示他們會在網(wǎng)上發(fā)布自己的工作,相比之下,只有一半的女性會在網(wǎng)上發(fā)布工作);可以推斷男性更愿意分享自己的工作,A項(xiàng)“男性從來不分享他們的感情生活”沒有提到;B項(xiàng)“男性希望在網(wǎng)上得到工作上的支持”也沒有提到;C項(xiàng)“男性在寫作、藝術(shù)和思考方面更有創(chuàng)造性”文中并沒有說到,只是說他們愿意分享。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

10.單選題

TheUnitedStatesSupremeCourthasnotalwaysresolvedlegalissuesofconcerntoNativeAmericansinamannerthathaspleasedtheIndiannations.ManyoftheCourt’sdecisionshavebeenproductsofpoliticalcompromisethatlookedmoretothetemperofthetimesthantoenduringprinciplesoflaw.ButaccommodationispartofthejudicialsystemintheUnitedStatesandjudicialdecisionsmustbeassessedwiththisfactinmind.

Despitethe“accommodating”natureofthejudicialsystem,itisworthnotingthatthepoweroftheSupremeCourthasbeenexercisedinamannerthathasusuallybeenbeneficialtoNativeAmericans,atleastonminorissues,andhasnotbeenwhollydetrimentalonthelarger,moreimportantissues.Certainlytherehavebeendecisionsthatcastdoubtonthevalidityofthisassertion.SomecriticspointtothepatronizingtoneofmanyCourtopinionsandtheapparentrejectionofNativeAmericanvaluesasimportantpointstoconsiderwhenreviewingacase.However,thevalidityoftheassertioncanbeillustratedbyreferencetotwoimportantcontributionsthathaveresultedfromtheexerciseofjudicialpower.

First,theCourthascreatedrulesofjudicialconstructionthatingeneral,favortherightsofNativeAmericanlitigants.TheCourt’sattitudehasbeenconditionedbyrecognitionofthedistinctdisadvantagesNativeAmericansfacedwhendealingwithsettlersinthepast.TreatieswereinevitablywritteninEnglishforthebenefitoftheirauthors,whereastriballeaderswereaccustomedtomakingtreatieswithoutanywrittenaccount,onthestrengthofmutualpromisessealedbyreligiouscommitmentandindividualintegrity.Thewrittentreatieswereoftenbroken,andNativeAmericanswereconfrontedwithfraudandpoliticalandmilitaryaggression.TheCourtrecognizesthatpastunfairnesstoNativeAmericanscannotbesanctionedbytheforceoflaw.Therefore,ambiguitiesintreatiesaretobeinterpretedinfavoroftheNativeAmericanclaimants,treatiesaretobeinterpretedastheNativeAmericanswouldhaveunderstoodthem,and,underthereservedrightsdoctrine,treatiesreservetoNativeAmericansallrightsthathavenotbeenspecificallygrantedawayinothertreaties.

Asecondachievementofthejudicialsystemistheprotectionthathasbeenprovidedagainstencroachmentbythestalesintotribalaffairs.Federaljudgesarenotinclinedtoviewfavorablyeffortstoextendstatespowersandjurisdictionsbecauseofthedirectthreatthatsuchexpansionposestotheexerciseoffederalpowers.Intheabsenceofafederalstatutedirectlyandclearlyallocatingafunctiontothestates,federaljudgesareinclinedtoreserveforthefederalgovernment—andthetribalgovernmentsunderitscharge—allthosepowersandrightstheycanbesaidtohavepossessedhistorically.

61.Accordingtothepassage,onereasonwhytheUnitedStatesSupremeCourt“hasnotalwaysresolvedlegalissuesofconcerntoNativeAmericansinamannerthathaspleasedtheIndiannations”(lines1-2)isthat______.

62.Theauthor’sattitudetowardtheUnitedStatesSupremeCourt’sresolutionoflegalissuesofconcerntoNativeAmericanscanbestbedescribedasoneof______.

63.Itcanbeinferredthattheauthorbelievesthattheextensionofthestates’powersandjurisdictionswithrespecttoNativeAmericanaffairswouldbe______.

64.Theauthor’sprimarypurposeisto______.

65.ItcanbeinferredthattheauthorbelievestheUnitedStatesSupremeCourt’streatmentofNativeAmericanstohavebeen______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.NativeAmericanshavebeenpreventedfrompresentingtheirconcernspersuasively

B.theCourthasfailedtorecognizethattheIndiannations’concernsaredifferentfromthoseofothergroupsorfromthoseofthefederalgovernment

C.theCourthasmadepoliticalcompromisesindecidingsomecases

D.theCourthasbeenreluctanttocurtailthepowersofthefederalgovernment

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.wholeheartedendorsement

B.restrainedappreciation

C.detachedobjectivity

D.cautiousopposition

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.possibleonlywiththeconsentoftheIndiannations

B.favorablyviewedbytheUnitedStatesSupremeCourt

C.inthebestinterestsofbothstateandfederalgovernments

D.detrimentaltotheinterestsofNativeAmericans

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.contrastopposingviews

B.reevaluatetraditionalbeliefs

C.reconciledivergentopinions

D.provideevidencetosupportacontention

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.reasonablysupportiveinmostsituations

B.irreproachableonlegalgrounds

C.guidedbyenduringprinciplesoflaw

D.misguidedbutgenerallyharmless

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】61.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】判斷推理題。題干意思是“根據(jù)這篇文章,美國最高法院‘并不總是以一種讓印第安人滿意的方式解決印第安人關(guān)心的法律問題’的一個(gè)原因是……”。第一段第二句提到ManyoftheCourt’sdecisionshavebeenproductsofpoliticalcompromisethatlookedmoretothetemperofthetimesthantoenduringprinciplesoflaw(最高法院的許多判決都是政治妥協(xié)的產(chǎn)物,這些妥協(xié)看起來更像是時(shí)代的緩和,而不是持久的法律原則),由此可知法院在案件的判決中做出了政治妥協(xié),因此,C項(xiàng)“法院在判決一些案件時(shí)做出了政治妥協(xié)”符合題意;A項(xiàng)“美國原住民被阻止以有說服力的方式表達(dá)他們的擔(dān)憂”,根據(jù)第二段第五行SomecriticspointtothepatronizingtoneofmanyCourtopinionsandtheapparentrejectionofNativeAmericanvaluesasimportantpointstoconsiderwhenreviewingacase.(一些批評人士指出,許多法院意見的庇護(hù)語氣和對印第安人價(jià)值觀的明顯拒絕,是復(fù)審案件時(shí)需要考慮的重要因素)可知,法院是拒絕美國原住民的價(jià)值觀,而不是阻止他們以有說服力的方式表達(dá)自己的擔(dān)憂,因此該項(xiàng)不正確;B項(xiàng)“法院沒有認(rèn)識到印第安民族的關(guān)注點(diǎn)不同于其他群體或聯(lián)邦政府的關(guān)注點(diǎn)”,文中沒有提到印第安人的關(guān)注點(diǎn)是什么;D項(xiàng)“法院一直不愿意削減聯(lián)邦政府的權(quán)力”原文也沒有提到;故該題選C。

62.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。題干意思是“作者對美國最高法院解決印第安人關(guān)心的法律問題的態(tài)度可以很好地描述為……”。第二段第一句提到Despitethe“accommodating”natureofthejudicialsystem,itisworthnotingthatthepoweroftheSupremeCourthasbeenexercisedinamannerthathasusuallybeenbeneficialtoNativeAmericans,atleastonminorissues,andhasnotbeenwhollydetrimentalonthelarger,moreimportantissues.(盡管司法系統(tǒng)具有妥協(xié)性,值得注意的是美國本土居民在少部分事務(wù)上受惠于最高法院,而在重大問題方面,美國本土居民也并不因此受到損害),由此可知,作者對利弊都有表述,其態(tài)度是公正的,故C項(xiàng)“公平的客觀”符合題意。A項(xiàng)“全心全意的支持”,第一段作者還提到了最高法院并不總是以一種讓印第安人滿意的方式解決印第安人關(guān)心的法律問題,所以全心全意的支持這種說法是錯誤的;B項(xiàng)“拘謹(jǐn)?shù)母兄x”,作者沒有表達(dá)感謝,因此該項(xiàng)錯誤;D項(xiàng)“謹(jǐn)慎的反對”,作者表述了美國最高法院對印第安人關(guān)心的法律問題上有利有弊的解決方案,說作者是客觀的態(tài)度更貼切題意;故該題選C。

63.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“可以推斷出作者相信各州在印第安人事務(wù)上的權(quán)力和管轄權(quán)的擴(kuò)展將會是……”。文章最后一段提到Federaljudgesarenotinclinedtoviewfavorablyeffortstoextendstatespowersandjurisdictionsbecauseofthedirectthreatthatsuchexpansionposestotheexerciseoffederalpowers.(聯(lián)邦法官不傾向于贊成擴(kuò)大各州權(quán)力和司法管轄權(quán),因?yàn)檫@種擴(kuò)大會對聯(lián)邦權(quán)力的行使構(gòu)成直接威脅),由此可知國家權(quán)力的擴(kuò)張以及司法觸及美國本土居民事務(wù),聯(lián)邦政府將會面臨危險(xiǎn);該司法系統(tǒng)是國家提供的保護(hù),所以,對于擴(kuò)展各州在印第安人事務(wù)上的權(quán)力和管轄權(quán)是會得到美國最高法院的支持的,A項(xiàng)“只有得到印第安民族的同意才可能”過于絕對;B項(xiàng)“受到美國最高法院的認(rèn)可”符合題意;C項(xiàng)“為了州和聯(lián)邦政府的最大利益”,文章已經(jīng)提到了會給聯(lián)邦權(quán)力的行使構(gòu)成直接威脅,所以該項(xiàng)錯誤;D項(xiàng)“對美國原住民的利益有害”,最后一段第一句提到Asecondachievementofthejudicialsystemistheprotectionthathasbeenprovidedagainstencroachmentbythestalesintotribalaffairs.(司法制度的第二個(gè)成就是保護(hù)部落事務(wù)不受陳腐勢力的侵犯),由此可知對美國原住民并不是有害的,因此該項(xiàng)錯誤;故該題選B。

64.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“作者最主要的目的是……”。最后兩段句首作者用了first和second,可知作者是在舉例論證,因此D項(xiàng)“提供證據(jù)支持論點(diǎn)”正確;A項(xiàng)“對比相反的觀點(diǎn)”,文章最后兩段的中心句是First,theCourthascreatedrulesofjudicialconstructionthatingeneral,favortherightsofNativeAmericanlitigants.(首先,最高法院制定了一般有利于美國原住民訴訟當(dāng)事人權(quán)利的司法構(gòu)建規(guī)則)和Asecondachievementofthejudicialsystemistheprotectionthathasbeenprovidedagainstencroachmentbythestalesintotribalaffairs.(司法制度的第二個(gè)成就是保護(hù)部落事務(wù)不受陳腐勢力的侵犯),由此可知作者并沒有對比相反的觀點(diǎn);B項(xiàng)“重新評估傳統(tǒng)信仰”和C項(xiàng)“調(diào)和不同的意見”文中沒有提到;故該題選D。

65.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“可以推斷作者認(rèn)為美國最高法院對印第安人的對待是……”。本文主要講到美國最高法院對美國本土居民的法律問題的處理是政治妥協(xié),而并非遵循著法律原則,但是這種處理也是合情合理的,因?yàn)樗]有造成極大的危害。故A項(xiàng)“在大多數(shù)情況下都給予相當(dāng)?shù)闹С帧北容^符合句意;B項(xiàng)“在法律上無可指責(zé)”,文章都提到了有時(shí)候法院對印第安人關(guān)心的法律問題沒有遵循法律原則,所以該項(xiàng)錯誤;C項(xiàng)“受持久的法律原則指導(dǎo)”,文中提到也會受到政治妥協(xié),該項(xiàng)也不正確;D項(xiàng)“被誤導(dǎo)但一般無害”,文中沒有提到誤導(dǎo);故該題選A。

11.單選題

Martinfromtimetotimeofferedremarks______theeffectthathewasawonderfulscientistandthathehadagoodcommandofpsychology.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.to

B.in

C.with

D.for

【答案】A

【解析】考查介詞辨析。A項(xiàng)to“對,向”,B項(xiàng)in“在……里”;C項(xiàng)with“和”,D項(xiàng)for“為了,因?yàn)椤?。totheeffectthat表示“大意是,意思是”;句意:馬丁不時(shí)的談?wù)?,大意是說他是個(gè)出色的科學(xué)家,精通心理學(xué)。故正確答案為A。

12.單選題

MarkpursuedElizabethwithgentlemanners,butwasstillrepelled.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.heldup

B.heldoff

C.heldto

D.heldin

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組辨析。repel表示“抵制”;A項(xiàng)holdup“舉起,阻攔”,B項(xiàng)holdoff“拖延,不接近”,C項(xiàng)holdto“堅(jiān)持,緊握”,D項(xiàng)holdin“抑制,約束”。句意:盡管馬克用溫和的口吻極力勸說伊麗莎白,但仍然被拒絕了。根據(jù)句意該題選A。

13.單選題

Readinginvolveslookingatgraphicsymbolsandformulatingmentallythesoundsandideastheyrepresent.Conceptsofreadinghavechanged__21__overthecenturies.Duringthe1950’sand1960’s,especiallyincreasedattentionhasbeendevotedto__22__thereadingprocess.

__23__specialistsagreethatreading__24__acomplexorganizationofhighermental__25__,theydisagree__26__theexactnatureoftheprocess.Someexperts,whoregardlanguageprimarilyasacodeusing

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