住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-中國傳媒大學考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

Thepolicehaveofferedalarge（）forinformationleadingtorobber’sarrest.

問題1選項

A.reward

B.award

C.compensation

D.prize

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。reward意為“酬謝，獎賞”，尤指因表現(xiàn)出色或向他人提供幫助或服務而得到的酬謝；award尤指因表現(xiàn)出色或成績卓越由官方?jīng)Q定頒發(fā)的“獎品，獎金，獎賞，獎狀”；compensation尤指因損失而給予的“補償（賠償）物，補償（賠償）金”；prize尤指在比賽、競賽中獲得的“獎品，獎賞”。句意：警局提供了豐厚的獎賞來獎勵那些為抓住罪犯提供線索的人。

2.單選題

Itwasfoundthatjobapplicantswhomakemoreeyecontactare（）asmorealert,dependable,confidentandresponsible.

問題1選項

A.referred

B.perceived

C.recommended

D.presumed

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。refer“參考，涉及"；perceive“理解，認知”;recommend“推薦，介紹”;presume“假定，推測”。句意：研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，那些有更多眼神交流的求職者會給人更機警、可靠、自信、負責的印象。選項B符合題意。

3.單選題

Whathetoldyouisstrictly（）.Don’tletanyoneelseknowofit.

問題1選項

A.secretive

B.individual

C.particular

D.confidential

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。secretive“秘密的，偷偷摸摸的”；individual“個別的，獨特的”；particular“特別的，詳細的”；confidential“機密的，表示信任的”。根據(jù)下一句的內(nèi)容“不要讓其他人知曉此事”，可知他所告知的事情是機密的，對被告知人是表示信任的，所以選項D相對于選項A來說要更恰當。

4.單選題

Howcanwefinishtheworkinthe（）ofanyotherhelpers?

問題1選項

A.shortage

B.haste

C.deficiency

D.absence

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項shortage“缺乏，不足”。B選項haste“匆忙，急忙”。C選項deficiency“缺陷，缺點”。D選項absence“缺席，缺少，沒有”。句意：如果沒有其他幫手，我們怎么能完成這項工作呢?本句表示“缺乏幫手的話，難以完成這項工作”。因此D選項符合題意。

5.單選題

Thenewcolleague（）tohaveworkedinseveralbigcorporation’sbeforehejoinedourcompany.

問題1選項

A.confesses

B.declares

C.claims

D.confirms

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。A選項confess表示“坦白；承認；供認”，B選項declare表示“宣布，申明，宣稱”，D選項confirm表示“確認，確定，核實”，C選項claim表示“宣稱，要求，索賠”。由句意可知，新同事宣稱，他進入我們公司之前，在一些大公司里工作過?？杖碧巻卧~需與介詞to構成搭配，因此本題正確答案為C選項。

6.單選題

IttookMikecourageand（）tolearntolivewithahandicapafterhewasinjuredinacaraccident.

問題1選項

A.endurance

B.tolerance

C.continuation

D.insistence

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項endurance“忍耐力;耐久力;”；B選項tolerance“忍受;容忍”；C選項continuation“繼續(xù);連續(xù)”；D選項insistence“堅決要求;堅持;固執(zhí)”。句意：邁克在車禍中受傷后，他花了很大的勇氣和耐力才學會在殘疾的情況下生活。根據(jù)關鍵詞“邁克在車禍中受傷后”可知A符合句意。

7.單選題

IarrivedattheairportsolatethatI（）missedtheplane.

問題1選項

A.only

B.quite

C.narrowly

D.seldom

【答案】C

【解析】Normal07.8磅02falsefalsefalseEN-USZH-CNX-NONE

考查副詞詞義辨析。A選項only表示“僅僅，只有”，B選項quite表示“相當；非常；很”，C選項narrowly表示“狹窄地；勉強地，以毫厘之差，仔細地”，D選項seldom表示“很少，不?！?。由句意可知，我到飛機場非常晚，差點兒誤機。因此，只有C項最符合原句語境，故本題正確答案為C選項。

8.單選題

Theyarelookingforsomewayto（）theirappetite.

問題1選項

A.satiate

B.apply

C.strengthen

D.sustain

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項satiate“充分滿足；使厭膩”；B選項apply“申請；涂，敷；適用”；C選項strengthen“加強；鞏固”；D選項sustain“維持；支撐，承擔”。句意：他們正在尋找填飽肚子的方法。此題選A，可以把“satiateappetite”理解為“填飽肚子”。

9.單選題

Themajorityofsuccessfulseniormanagersdonotcloselyfollowtheclassicalrationalmodeloffirstclarifyinggoals,assessingtheproblem,formulatingoptions,estimatinglikelihoodsofsuccess,makingadecision,andonlythentakingactiontoimplementthedecision.Rather,intheirday-by-daytacticalmaneuvers,theseseniorexecutivesrelyonwhatisvaguelytermed"intuition"tomanageanetworkofinterrelatedproblemsthatrequirethemtodealwithambiguity,inconsistency,novelty,andsurprise;andtointegrateactionintotheprocessofthinking.

Generationsofwritersonmanagementhaverecognizedthatsomepracticingmanagersrelyheavilyonintuition.Ingeneral,however,suchwritersdisplayapoorgraspofwhatintuitionis.Someseeitastheoppositeofrationality;othersviewitasanexcuseforcapriciousness.

Isenberg’srecentresearchonthecognitiveprocessesofseniormanagersrevealsthatmanagers’intuitionisneitherofthese.Rather,seniormanagersuseintuitioninatleastfivedistinctways.First,theyintuitivelysensewhenaproblemexists.Second,managersrelyonintuitiontoperform,well-learnedbehavior,patternsrapidly.Thisintuitionisnotarbitraryorirrational,butisbasedonyearsofpainstakingpracticeandhands-onexperiencethatbuildskills.Athirdfunctionofintuitionistosynthesizeisolatedbitsofdataandpracticeintoanintegratedpicture,ofteninan"Aha!”experience.Fourth,somemanagersuseintuitionasacheckontheresultsofmorerationalanalysis.Mostseniorexecutivesarefamiliarwiththeformaldecisionanalysismodelsandtools,andthosewhousesuchsystematicmethodsforreachingdecisionsareoccasionallyleeryofsolutionssuggestedbythesemethodswhichruncountertotheirsenseofthecorrectcourseofaction.Finally,managerscanuseintuitiontobypassin-depthanalysisandmoverapidlytoengenderaplausiblesolution.Usedinthisway,intuitionisanalmostinstantaneouscognitiveprocessinwhichamanagerrecognizespatterns.

Oneoftheimplicationsoftheintuitivestyleofexecutivemanagementisthat“thinking”isinseparablefromacting.Sincemanagersoften“know”whatisrightbeforetheycananalyzeandexplainit,theyfrequentlyactfirstandexplainlater.Analysisisinextricablytiedtoactioninthinking/actingcycles,inwhichmanagersdevelopthoughtsabouttheircompaniesandorganizationsnotbyanalyzingaproblematicsituationandthenacting,butbyactingandanalyzingincloseconcert.

Giventhegreatuncertaintyofmanyofthemanagementissuesthattheyface,seniormanagersofteninstigateacourseofactionsimplytolearnmoreaboutanissue.Theythenusetheresultsoftheactiontodevelopamorecompleteunderstandingoftheissue.Oneimplicationofthinking/actingcyclesisthatactionisoftenpartofdefiningtheproblem,notjustofimplementingthesolution.

1.Accordingtothetext,seniormanagersuseintuitioninallofthefollowingwaysEXCEPTto（）.

2.Thetextsuggestswhichofthefollowingaboutthewritersonmanagementmentionedinline1,paragraph2?

3.ItcanbeinferredfromthetextthatwhichofthefollowingwouldmostprobablybeonemajordifferenceinbehaviorbetweenManagerX,whousesintuitiontoreachdecisions,andManagerY,whousesonlyformaldecisionanalysis?

4.Thetextprovidessupportforwhichofthefollowingstatements?

5.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheorganizationofthefirstparagraphofthetext?

問題1選項

A.speedupofthecreationofasolutiontoaproblem

B.identifyaproblem

C.bringtogetherdisparatefacts

D.stipulatecleargoals

問題2選項

A.Theyhavecriticizedmanagersfornotfollowingtheclassicalrationalmodelofdecisionanalysis.

B.Theyhavenotbasedtheiranalysesonasufficientlylargesampleofactualmanagers.

C.Theyhavereliedindrawingtheirconclusionsonwhatmanagerssayratherthanonwhatmanagersdo.

D.Theyhavemisunderstoodhowmanagersuseintuitioninmakingbusinessdecisions

問題3選項

A.ManagerXanalyzesfirstandthenacts;ManagerYdoesnot.

B.ManagerXcheckspossiblesolutionstoaproblembysystematicanalysis;ManagerYdoesnot.

C.ManagerXtakesactioninordertoarriveatthesolutiontoaproblem;ManagerYdoesnot.

D.ManagerXdrawsonyearsofhands-onexperienceincreatingasolutiontoaproblem;ManagerXdoesnot

問題4選項

A.Managerswhorelyonintuitionaremoresuccessfulthanthosewhorelyonformaldecisionanalysis

B.Managercannotjustifytheirintuitivedecisions

C.Managerintuitionworkscontrarytotheirrationalandanalyticalskills

D.Intuitionenablesmanagerstoemploytheirpracticalexperiencemoreefficiently

問題5選項

A.Anassertionismadeandaspecificsupportingexampleisgiven.

B.Aconventionalmodelisdismissedandanalternativeintroduced.

C.Theresultsofrecentresearchareintroducedandsummarized.

D.Twoopposingpointsofviewarepresentedandevaluated.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:1.推理判斷題。由題干中關鍵詞seniormanagers定位到文章第三段。第三段說到seniormanagers在五個不同方面使用直覺，其中第一點、第三點和第五點分別對一個選項B、C和A，因此D選項符合題意。

第2題:2.推理判斷題。本題定位段十分明確。A選項“他們批評管理人員沒有遵循經(jīng)典的理性決策模式”源自本段中“Someseeitastheoppositeofrationality”，一些作者認為直覺位于理性決策的對立面，但并未提及這些作者批評管理人員的行為；B選項“他們的分析并沒有建立在足夠大的實際管理者樣本的基礎上”在本段中并未提及；C選項“他們依賴于管理者說了什么得出結(jié)論，而不是管理者做了什么”同樣并未提及；D選項“他們誤解了管理者在做商業(yè)決策時是如何利用直覺的”，由第三段開頭可知，之前的這些作者都沒有認識到管理人員在決策過程中是如何使用直覺的，說明第二段中提到的幾點都只是這些作者們的誤解，所以D選項正確。

第3題:3.推理判斷題。本題比較的關鍵是靠直覺決策與分析后決策。第一段就對這兩個類型做了比較。A選項“經(jīng)理X首先分析，然后采取行動”這個類型對應的是第一段提到的分析后決策類管理者，排除A選項；B選項“X經(jīng)理通過系統(tǒng)分析來檢查問題的可能解決方案”同樣對應分析決策類管理者的行為；D選項“經(jīng)理X利用多年的實踐經(jīng)驗為問題創(chuàng)建解決方案”，說到“實踐經(jīng)驗”顯然與“直覺”相違背；只有C選項“經(jīng)理X采取行動，以達到問題的解決方案”符合第一段第二句中對于依靠直覺決策的管理者的描述，因此C選項正確。

第4題:4.推理判斷題。A選項“依賴直覺的管理者比依賴正式?jīng)Q策分析的管理者更成功”是對文章用意的歪曲，第一段第一句說到“Themajorityofsuccessfulseniormanagersdonotcloselyfollowtheclassicalrationalmodel…”，大多數(shù)成功的高級管理者并沒有遵循經(jīng)典的理性分析模式，但下文是針對大多數(shù)高級管理人員的決策模式講解，并沒有比較兩種模式之間誰更成功；B選項“管理者無法證明他們的直覺決定是正確的”在文中沒有對應表述；C選項“管理者的直覺與他們的理性和分析能力背道而馳”，有悖于第三段中第四點的描述，這些管理者實際依然擁有理性分析能力；D選項“直覺使管理者能夠更有效地運用他們的實踐經(jīng)驗”對應第三段第二點，他們依靠多年時間磨練和親身體驗培養(yǎng)出的技能做出直覺判斷，也就是說他們能高效運用實踐經(jīng)驗。

第5題:5.篇章結(jié)構題。文章第一段，顯然是先給出了傳統(tǒng)模式，再拋出新的模式，B選項“傳統(tǒng)的模型被摒棄，取而代之的是另一種模型”符合文意。A選項“給出了一個斷言并給出了一個具體的支持示例”；C選項“介紹和總結(jié)了近年來的研究成果”；D選項“提出并評價了兩種相反的觀點”。

10.單選題

Iaskedthecounselortogivemea（）estimateofthefeeofdefendingmycaseincourt.

問題1選項

A.rude

B.crude

C.rough

D.coarse

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項rude表示“粗魯?shù)?；無禮的，未開化的”，B選項crude表示“粗糙的，天然的，未加工的”，C選項rough表示“粗糙的，粗略的，艱苦的，未加工的”，D選項coarse表示“粗鄙的；粗糙的”。根據(jù)關鍵詞estimate可知，我讓律師對我的案件上庭辯護所需費用進行粗略估算。因此，只有C項最符合原文語境，故本題正確答案為C選項。

11.單選題

Successfulpeoplealwaysmake（）preparationforanypotentialsetbacks.

問題1選項

A.adequate

B.urgent

C.abrupt

D.final

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。adequate“充足的”；urgent“緊急的，緊迫的”;abrupt“生硬的，唐突的”；final“最終的，決定性的”。根據(jù)preparation“準備”與potentialsetbacks“潛在的挫折”，可知選項A符合題意。句意：成功的人總會為潛在失敗做好充足的準備。

12.單選題

Studentswith（）problemsmayapplyforstudentloans.

問題1選項

A.economic

B.financial

C.nabobery

D.economical

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項economic“經(jīng)濟上的”。B選項financial“財政的”。C選項nabobery“財主常去的地方”。D選項economical“節(jié)約的，合算的”。句意：有財務問題的學生可以申請學生貸款。因此B選項符合題意。

13.單選題

Thegovernmentgavemoneytopeopletohelpbuyhomesoutsideofthecities.Thissystemof（）housingcausedmanypeopletoleaveurbanareas.

問題1選項

A.invested

B.provided

C.sustained

D.subsidized

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。本題考查動詞的過去分詞形式作修飾詞時的詞義辨析。A選項investe“投資的”；B選項provide“給予”；C選項sustained“持續(xù)的”；D選項subsidized“補貼的；補助的”。句意：政府向人們提供資金，幫助他們在城市以外買房子。這種……住房制度使得許多人離開城市。前句明確說明是政府提供資金，屬于補貼政策，因此D選項正確。

14.單選題

Thesearetwo（）issues,butpeopleoftentakethemasone.

問題1選項

A.oblivious

B.distinguished

C.distinct

D.evident

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項oblivious“遺忘的，健忘的”。B選項distinguished“著名的，卓著的”。C選項distinct“明顯的，獨特的，有區(qū)別的”。D選項evident“明顯的，明白的”。句意：這是兩個截然不同的問題，但人們往往把它們視為一個問題。but表示轉(zhuǎn)折，說明前面所表述的問題是不同的，獨特的。因此C選項符合題意。

15.單選題

Generallyspeaking,oldpeopleareusuallymore（）thanyoungpeople.

問題1選項

A.destructive

B.progressive

C.conservative

D.constructive

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項destructive“破壞的；毀滅性的”；B選項progressive“進步的；先進的”；C選項conservative“保守的”；D選項constructive“建設性的；推定的”。句意：通常來講，老年人比年輕人更……。綜合句意及選項判斷可知，此處應表示老年人比年輕人“保守”，C選項正確。

16.單選題

Anewwaveofmusicandartsprojectshasemerged,focusingonsomeonewhomayseemforsomeadubioussourceofinspiration.ImeldaMarcos,formerfirstladyofthePhilippines,iscurrentlybecomingthesubjectofmusical,songcyclesandshowsonaworldwidearena.

WhentheMarcosregimecollapsedin1986,andImeldaandherhusbandFerdinandwereexiledinHawaii,theycarriedwiththemallegationsofembezzlement,corruptionandhumanrightsabuses.Imeldahadspentthelasttwentyyearslivingoffaseeminglyendlesssupplyoffunds,livinganexoticandglamorouslifestyleandribbingshoulderswithpowerfulfiguresworldwide.In1972,whenthesuperstarcouple’spopularitywasfadingandtheywereatriskoflosingtheirpower,FerdinandMarcosinstatedmartial,leadingtoaneraofchaosandplunder,andwhatisdescribedbysomeasthesecondmostcorruptregimeofthetwentiethcentury.FerdinandandImeldafledin1986toescapethePeople’sPowerRevolution.Imeldaleavingbehindsome2000pairsofshoes.AfterherhusbanddiedinHawaiiduetoillhealth,ImeldastoodtrialintheUnitedStatesonbehalfofherhusband.Followingthat,thereturnedtothePhilippinestofaceseventymorecountsofcorruptionandtaxevasion.ShehasnowreturnedtocongressinthePhilippines,hermake-upandgownsasflawlessasever.

SowhatmakesImeldaMarcossuchanappealingmuse?Undoubtedly,ImeldaMarcos’sresolutecharacterwhichhaswithstoodexile,legalbattlesandthewrathofherenemiesmakesheranappealingheroine,butfilm-makerFentonBaileyattributeshericonicitytohersenseofglamourandstyle,andherroleasaculturaltrend-setter.Andlikesomanywomenwholetnothingcomebetweenthemandtheirgoals,shehasgainedacertainiconicstatus,particularlyamonghomosexuals,notunlikethatofJudyGarlandandLadyGaga.

AndnowthestoryofImeldaMarcoscanbeseenintheformatofamusical,andartisticgenrewhichisquitebefittingforthisflamboyant,entertainingfigureofbeautyandglamour.“Imelda—Anewmusical”hasplayedinLosAngelesandNewYork.Theartisticdirectorofthemusical,TimDang,realisesthatthemusicalglossesoverthedarkeraspectsoftheMarcosregime,butwantedtoportrayImeldaasapersonwithallherfaultsondisplay,leavingtheaudiencetocometoaverdict.However,despitetheglitzoftheshow,reviewsweremixed,statingthe“theserio-comicspoof...Hadavacuumatitscentre”.

ThestoryofImeldaMarcoshasalsobeenimmortalisedasasongcycle,“HereLiesLove”writtenbyDavidByrneandNormanCook,inwhichImeldacomesacrossasbothaheroandvillain.Theirreasoningwastotrytounderstandthestoryofhowpeoplecanattainpositionsofsuchpowerandgreed.TheywerealsoinspiredbyImelda’sloveofdancingandclubbing,andhowherownstyleofmusiccouldbeincorporatedintotheirown.Byrneaddsthattheirstoryisnotblackandwhite—thecouplewereverypopularatfirst,andImeldaheadedalotofpublicworksinthePhilippinesandaddedmuchtothenation’ssenseofcultureandidentity.

AttheCulturalCentreofthePhilippines,atournamed“LaVidaImelda”ledbyCarlosSedrandescribesthelifeofImeldaMarcos,thecoldwarandmartiallaw,whilealsoportrayingtheglamouroftheImeldalifestyle.Hedescribesitasaneternalstory,inwhichherextravagancecanbeseenaseitherdistastefulorinsomewaysestimable.

Thereisadangerthatthesenewartformsairbrushouttheatrocitieswhichaccompaniedtheostentationandglamour.Itwasatimewhendemocracywassuppressed,politicalenemiesdisappeared,andbillionsofdollarswhichcouldhavehelpedthepoverty-strickencountrywerespentontheMarcos’sextravagantlifestyle.However,theartistsinvolvedarekeentomakeclearthattheregimealsoresultedingreatleapsforwardinthecountry’sculture,architectureandinfrastructure.TheMarcoslegacyremainsintheformofhospitals,HeartandLungCentres,FolkArttheatresandhomesforchildrenandtheelderly,notwithstandingthattheMarcoscouplesettheirwar-ravaged,poverty-strickenlandontotheworldstage.

1.WhyareImelda’sshoesmentionedinthesecondparagraph?

2.WhataspectofImelda’scharacterisemphasizedinparagraph3?

3.WhyisImeldacomparedwithJudyGarlandandLadyGaga?

4.WhatwasitaboutImelda’sstorythatinterestedDavidByrneandNormanCook?

5.WhichofthefollowingisnotmentionedinthetextassomethingImeldaMarcosdidforthePhilippines?

問題1選項

A.Toillustratehowlittleshecaredforherpersonalpossessions.

B.Toillustrateherloveoffashionandbeauty.

C.Toindicatehowquicklyshehadtofleethecountry.

D.Toillustratetheextravaganceofherlifestyle.

問題2選項

A.Herflamboyance.

B.Herkindness.

C.Herresolution.

D.Herbeauty.

問題3選項

A.Duetoherstatusasagayicon.

B.Duetoherambitionanddrive.

C.Becauseshehascreatednewfashions.

D.Becauseshehastriumphedoverlegalbattles.

問題4選項

A.Theongoingthemesofpower,greedandmusic.

B.Thefactthatthestoryhadbothaclearheroandvillain.

C.ThereasoningwhypeoplesuchasImeldabecomewhotheyare.

D.Thefactthathermusicaltastewassimilartotheirs.

問題5選項

A.Shemadehealthservicesavailabletothepeople.

B.Shegavethecountryaculturalidentity.

C.ShereducedthelevelsofpovertyforFilipinopeople.

D.Shedrewtheworld’sattentiontothecountry.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】第1題:1.細節(jié)題。由題干關鍵詞定位到文章第二段“…allegationsofembezzlement,corruption”，……被指控挪用公款、腐??；“...livinganexoticandglamorouslifestyle”，……過著異域風情的生活；“...whatisdescribedbysomeasthesecondmostcorruptregimeofthetwentiethcentury”……被一些人描述為20世紀第二大最腐敗的政權。由此可知，選項A“為了說明她對自己的個人財產(chǎn)是多么不在乎”，選項B“為了說明她對時尚和美麗的熱愛”，選項C“為了表示她必須多快逃離這個國家”均與文章不符，因此D選項正確。

第2題:2.推理判斷題。由題干關鍵詞定位到文章第三段“...attributeshericonicitytohersenseofglamourandstyle,andherroleasaculturaltrend-setter”，…把她的代表性歸功于她的魅力和時尚感，以及她作為文化潮流引領者的角色;“shehasgainedacertainiconicstatus”，她已經(jīng)獲得了具有一定代表性的地位。由此可知，選項B“她的善良”，選項C“她的決議”，選項D“她的美麗”均與文章不符，因此A選項正確。

第3題:3.推理判斷題。由題干關鍵詞定位到文章第三段“...attributeshericonicitytohersenseofglamourandstyle,andherroleasaculturaltrend-setter”，…把她的代表性歸功于她的魅力和時尚感，以及她作為文化潮流引領者的角色。由此可知，選項A“因為她是同性戀的代表”，選項B“由于她的野心和干勁”，選項D“因為她已經(jīng)在法律斗爭中獲勝”均與文章不符，因此C選項正確。

第4題:4.推理判斷題。由題干關鍵詞定位到文章第五段“Theirreasoningwastotrytounderstandthestoryofhowpeoplecanattainpositionsofsuchpowerandgreed.TheywerealsoinspiredbyImelda’sloveofdancingandclubbing,andhowherownstyleofmusiccouldbeincorporatedintotheirown”，他們的推理是試圖去理解人們是如何獲得這樣的權力和貪婪的地位的。伊梅爾達對舞蹈和夜總會的熱愛，以及如何將她自己的音樂風格融入到他們自己的音樂中，也啟發(fā)了他們。由此可知，選項B“這個故事有一個明確的英雄和惡棍的事實”，選項C“像伊梅爾達這樣的人成為他們自己的原因”，選項D“事實是她的音樂品味和他們的相似”均與文章不符，因此A選項正確。

第5題:5.細節(jié)事實題。由題干關鍵詞定位到文章最后一段“TheMarcoslegacyremainsintheformofhospitals”，馬科斯的遺產(chǎn)仍然以醫(yī)院的形式存在。由此可知，選項A“她向人民提供了衛(wèi)生服務”，選項B“她賦予這個國家一種文化身份”，選項D“她引起了全世界對這個國家的注意”均與文章相符，因此C選項符合題意。

17.單選題

Asacommander,youshouldnot（）thesoldierstounnecessarydanger.

問題1選項

A.express

B.explode

C.exploit

D.expose

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項express“表達，快遞”。B選項explode“爆炸，爆發(fā)”。C選項exploit“開發(fā)，開拓”。D選項expose“揭露，暴露”。句意：作為一名指揮官，你不應該讓士兵們?nèi)ッ安槐匾奈ｋU。本句表示“士兵暴露在危險中”，即讓士兵去冒險。因此D選項符合題意。

18.單選題

Musclesmay（）orlosetheirtone,buttheywon’tturntofat.

問題1選項

A.concentrate

B.atrophy

C.condense

D.astrogate

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項concentrate“集中；濃縮”；B選項atrophy“萎縮；虛脫”；C選項condense“使?jié)饪s；使壓縮”；D選項astrogate“操縱；航天”。句意：肌肉可能萎縮或失去彈性，但是它們不能變成脂肪。并列連詞or連接空格處和“失去彈性”，因此此題選B。

19.單選題

Idon’tthinkthatthisquestionissubordinate（）themainaimofourcompany.

問題1選項

A.with

B.to

C.for

D.on

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：我認為這個問題不屬于我們公司的主要目標。besubordinateto意為“從屬于……，次于……”，選項B正確。

20.單選題

Itisnotuncommonforclosesynonymstobeunderstoodtosharethesamemeaning.Thedifferencebetweenwordslike“hard”and“difficult”,forexample,goestragicallyunnoticed.Onemayemployoneortheotherwithcompleteindifference,postulatingnodiscrepancybetweenthem.Ingeneralthisiswellandgood;mostpeoplelackthescrupulouspedanticalnesstoquibbleoversuchtrifles.Nevertheless,forthoseofuswithamplecompulsiveness（andtime）,itisofsignificantvaluetocomprehendsuchnuances.

Takeforexamplethefollowingsentences:1）Thetestwashard.2）Thetestwasdifficult.Isthedifferencebetweenthesesynonymsreadilyapparent?Isthereanoticeabledifferencebetweenthematall?Indeed,thesequestionsarevalidandwarrantanswer.For,whatwouldbethepointtohavingmultiplewordswiththeexactsamemeaning?No,thatwouldbesuperfluous;theEnglishlanguagebeingfartooeconomical.Whilemanyclosesynonymssharesimilar,ifnotthesame,dictionarydefinitions,thefeeling,ormood,theyconveyisutterlysingular.Althoughadictionarycanprovideinformationaboutwordmeanings,pronunciations,etymologies,inflectedforms,derivedforms,etcetera,itcannotcommunicatehowitfeelstouseaword.

So,ifthereisindeedatdifferencebetweenwordslike“hard”and“difficult”,whatisit?Tobegin,“hard”ispragmaticandrealistic,firmlygroundedinreality.Itisautilitarianwordthatgetsthejobdoneanddoesn’tapologizeforitsbrusque,uncouthnature.Ontheotherhand,“difficult”iseloquentandrefined.Itiscivilized,willingtoexpendtheeffortnecessarytoappearurbane.Why,themeredifferenceinsonicqualitybetweenthemisstrikingenough.“Hard”makesaquick,unassumingsound,havingbutasinglesyllable（voicedundercertaininflections,itcanevencomeacrossasharsh）,while“difficult”ismorelengthyandmelodic,itsnumberofsyllablestotalingthreetimesthatofitscounterpart.Furthermore,“hard”ismorelikelytobeusedincasual,informalcircumstances,ortocommunicateanidea“onthego”orsimplyto“getitout”asthesayingsgo.Itisusedwithoutpretense,anddoesnotmaintainafeelingofbeingoverlyconcerned.Intermsofdailyusage,“hard”maybeemployedbyanexhaustedbrickmasonwhenposedwiththequestion,“Howwasyourday?”Conversely,“difficult”maybeusedbyamilitarygeneraluponexplainingtohisorhersuperiortheprogressionofaparticularlytaxingcampaign.

Similarto“hard”and“difficult”,thewords“weird”and“strange”tooareclosesynonyms,andmayseeminglybeusedinterchangeably.Takeforinstancethefollowingsentences:1）Seamonkeysareweird.2）Seamonkeysarestrange.Contrarytopopularbelief,thesesentencesarenottautologous.Sohowdotheydiffer?Theirdictionarydefinitionsarenearlyidentical,sothedifferencedoesnotliethere.Rather,thedifferenceinvolvesthefeeling,ormood,thatthesewordsconvey.Noticethatwhile“weird”and“strange”bothhavebutonesyllable,thelatterhasaremarkablydistinguishedfeel.Similarto“hard”,“weird”conveysamorebasic,amorecrude,sentiment.Something“weird”iscrassorgross,andistypicallyundesirable.Noonewantstobeassociatedwithsomething“weird”.Iftryingtoimpresssomeone,oneprobablydoesn’twanttobecategorizedamongthe“weird”.Ontheotherhand,ifsomethingislabeledas“strange”,itisnotnecessarilybad.Rather,something“strange”issimplyabnormal,orunusual——adeviationfromwhatisexpected.Thisdistinctionbetween“weird”and“strange”issopronouncethatthelattercanbeusedasaeuphemismfortheformerincertainsituations.Forexample,noticehowasimplesubstitutionisabletomakethefollowingsentencelessoffensive:“Yourmother’scookiestasteweird”comparedto“Yourmotherscookiestastestrange”.Intheformersentence,thespeakersoundsasthoughheorsheisinsultingyourmother’scookies,statingthattheytastebad.Inthelattersentence,however,thespeakersoundsasthoughthecookiessimplytastedifferent,orunusual,comparedtowhatheorsheisusedto—thedifferenceowingtotheinnocuousadditionoftoomuchflourperhaps.

Finally,let’slookatthesynonyms,“happy”and“glad”.Asintheaforementionedcases,thesewordsseemtohavelittleornodiscernibledifferencebetweenthem.Takeforexamplethefollowingsentences:1）Tommyishappybecausehegotanewbike.2）Tommyisgladbecausehegotanewbike.Mostunderstandthesesentencestohavethesamemeaning.Andagain,uponconsultingadictionary,onewillfindhighlysimilar,ifnotthesame,definitions.Butthesedefinitionslackthefeeling,theuniqueemotionalchargethatthesewordsconvey.Theword“happy”conveysasenseoflevity,oracarefreeattitude.Thethoughtofsomeonewhois“happy”conjurestheimageofabright-eyes,ruddy,smilingface.Oneis“happy”onthemorningofhisbirthday,discoveringanewpuppyboundingintohisbedroom.Ontheotherhand,theword“glad”conveysasenseofrelieforcontentment.Thethoughtofsomeonewhois“glad”conjurestheimageofamanstandingcrossed-armed,noddinggently,astoicgrincrossinghisface.Oneis“glad”whenheseesthatthechild’slostpuppyhasbeenfound,andwasmerelyfrolickingtoofarfromhome.

Granted,thenotionthatclosesynonymscanbeusedinterchangeablyisprevalentamongEnglishspeakers.Andalas,thedictionary—thetextpurportedtoberesponsibleforclarifyingsuchissues—isoflittleassistance.Intheend,itislefttousthespeakersofthelanguage,thoseactivelyresponsibleformaintainingitssustenanceandgeneration,tounderstandhowthesewordsmakeusfeelandwhatmoodweareinclinedtoattachtothem.Usingtheexamplesandinsightsdescribedabove,onemaycometorecognizethesesubtle,yetcrucial,differences.

Granted,thenotionthatclosesynonymscanbeusedinterchangeablyisprevalentamongEnglishspeakers.Andalas,thedictionarythetextpurportedtoberesponsibleforclarifyingsuchissues——isoflittleassistance.Intheend,itislefttous,thespeakersofthelanguage,thoseactivelyresponsibleformaintainingitssustenanceandgeneration,tounderstandhowthesewordsmakeusfeelandwhatmoodweareinclinedtoattachtothem.Usingtheexamplesandinsightsdescribedabove,onemaycometorecognizethesesubtle,yetcrucial,difference.

1.Asusedinparagraph1，whatismostlikelymeantby“scrupulouspedanticalness”？

2.Accordingtoparagraph3,whichofthefollowingdescribessomeonewhoisutilitarian?

3.Whichofthefollowingsentencesfromthepassagerepresentsafact,ratherthananopinion?

4.Theauthorwrites:“Tobegin,“hard”ispragmaticandrealistic,firmlygroundedinreality.Itisautilitarianwordthatgetsthejobdoneanddoesn’tapologizeforitsbrusque,uncouthnature.Ontheotherhand,‘difficult’’iseloquentandrefined.Itiscivilized,willingtoexpendtheeffortnecessarytoappearurbane.”Whichofthefollowingliterarydevicesisusedinthisquotation?

5.Withrespecttothewayinwhichclosesynonymsarecommonlyunderstood,theauthor’stonecanbestbedescribedas（）.

問題1選項

A.Mildcuriosity.

B.Wryskepticismof.

C.Passionateindignation.

D.Excessiveconcern.

問題2選項

A.Withoutfail,Edgarrisesatdaybreak,catstwoeggsforbreakfast,drinksaglassoforangejuice,lacesuphisbootsandheadsoutintothefield.

B.Inhopesofimpressingtheirclassmates,moststudentsweartheirnewwinterjacketstotheplay,Alyosha,however,knowsitwillbewarminthetheaterandthereforeleaveshisjacketathome.

C.Nikkosparkshiscarsothatothercarscannotgetout.Uponreturningtohiscar,awomaniswaitingthereonhimtomove.Shelooksupset.Hetellsherit’snothisproblem,getsinhiscaranddrivesoff.

D.Amytakestimetolookniceinthemorning.Shebrushesherhair,putsonlightmakeup,andpicksouttheclothesshewillwearfortheday.

問題3選項

A.Onemayemployoneortheotherwithcompleteindifference,postulatingnodiscrepancybetweenthem.

B.Thethoughtofsomeonewhois“happy”conjurestheimageofabright-eyed,ruddy,smilingface.

C.Noonewantstobe