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住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-湖南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I(帶答案詳解)(圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題
Hewasona________ofjudgesforafamousliteraryprize.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.group
B.team
C.panel
D.lot
【答案】C
【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)“團(tuán)體”;B選項(xiàng)“團(tuán)隊(duì)”;C選項(xiàng)“專家咨詢組”;D選項(xiàng)“組,群”。句意:他Group是有某種聯(lián)系的團(tuán)體aminoritygroup“少數(shù)群體”;Team指一種因?yàn)楣ぷ骰蛘吣撤N原因組合在一起與另一個團(tuán)隊(duì)競爭而組成的團(tuán)隊(duì)比如Afootballteam;panel則是一群有專業(yè)知識的人組合起來研討或者評價(jià)某事的小組anadvisorypanel“顧問組”;lot則單純指一群,既可指人也可指物,Whatdoyoulotwant?“你們這幫人想要怎么樣?”。從題意的judges看,答案選C選項(xiàng)。
2.不定項(xiàng)選擇題
Watermakesupnearlythree-quartersoftheEarth’ssurface,butitdoesmorethanjustcoverourplanet—italsoplaysavitalroleinshapingit.
ConsidertheGrandCanyon.Measuring277mileslong,18mileswideandmorethan1miledeep,itisconsideredoneoftheSevenNaturalWondersoftheWorldandattractsmorethan5millionvisitorsperyear.ThisgeologicalmarvelwascreatedbythewatersoftheColoradoRiverthroughtheprocessesofweatheringanderosion.
Weatheringistheprocessbywhichmovingwaterbreaksdownsoil,rockandminerals,anderosionistheprocessbywhichtheflowingwatertransportssoilandrockfromonespotanddepositsitelsewhere.Thetwoprocessesoftenoccurinconjunction.
Weatheringanderosionareveryslowprocesses.GeologistsbelievetheColoradoRiverhasbeenflowingthroughtheGrandCanyonforatleast17millionyears,andithasbeengraduallyshapingthecanyonthisentiretime.TheflowingwateroftheriveranditstributarieshascarvedawayattherockoftheColoradoPlateau,creatingthesightwearefamiliarwithtoday.
Cavesandcavernsareanotherexampleofweatheringanderosion.Limestonecaves,suchastheCarlsbadCavernsinNewMexico,areformedwhenrainwatermixeswithcarbondioxideinthegroundandwearsawayatthelimestone.Seacaves,whichcanbefoundalongcoastlines,areformedwhenpowerfulwavescrashagainsttheshoreandbreakawaychunksofrock.Icecavesareformedwhenglaciersmeltandtheicemeltflowsacrossthegroundasastream.
Youdon’thavetotravelveryfartoseetheeffectsofweatheringanderosionforyourself,though.Ifyou’veeverbeentothebeach,you’vealreadyseenevidenceofhowpowerfulofaforcemovingwatercanbe—andallyouhadtodowaslookdown.Thesandcoveringthebeachisactuallytheresultofrocksbeingbrokendownintotinypiecesandthenwashedashorebythewaves.
AlthoughweatheringanderosionareresponsibleforcreatingbeautifulsightssuchassandybeachesandtheGrandCanyon,therearemanynegativeconsequencesaswell.Landslidesaresomeofthemostdangeroussideeffectsoferosion.Whenhillsidesormountainsidesaregraduallywornaway,theycanbecomeunstableandbreakdown,especiallywhentriggeredbyextremeweathersuchasfloods,heavyrainorsnow.Everyyear,landslidescausemassiveamountsofpropertydamageandcasualties.
1.WhataretheprocessesbywhichwatercanshapetheEarth?
2.Whatdoestheauthordescribeinthepassage?
3.HowdoestheauthorpresenttheGrandCanyon?
4.Inthelastparagraph,theauthormentionslandslidestomakethepointthaterosion________.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.Deforestationandclimatechange.
B.Weatheringanderosion.
C.Soilproductivityandfertilization.
D.Deepplowingandcroprotation.
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.Thepositiveeffectsofindustrialization.
B.ThetourismindustryaroundtheGrandCanyon.
C.Thehistoryofclimatechange.
D.Thewaysthatmovingwatercanshapeandchangetheland.
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.Aseffectsoflandslides.
B.Asgeologicalmysteries.
C.Asnegativeeffectsoferosion.
D.Aspositiveeffectsoferosion.
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.isoftenbeneficial
B.isaveryslowprocess
C.canhaveharmfuleffects
D.canhelpshapecavesandcaverns
【答案】第1題:B
第2題:D
第3題:D
第4題:C
【解析】第1題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。A選項(xiàng)“荒漠化和環(huán)境變化”;B選項(xiàng)“風(fēng)化和侵蝕”;C選項(xiàng)“土地生產(chǎn)率和肥料”;D選項(xiàng)“深耕和輪耕”。根據(jù)題干的watercanshapeearth,我們定位到第二段最后一句ThisgeologicalmarvelwascreatedbythewatersoftheColoradoRiverthroughtheprocessesofweatheringanderosion.(這種物理奇跡是科羅拉多的水通過侵蝕和腐蝕而創(chuàng)作出來的。)答案選B,其他選項(xiàng)與題無關(guān)。
第2題:主旨大意題。A選項(xiàng)“工業(yè)化的積極影響”;B選項(xiàng)“科羅拉多大峽谷周圍的旅游業(yè)”;C選項(xiàng)“環(huán)境變化的歷史”;D選項(xiàng)“流水改變大地的方式”;整篇文章沒有提及工業(yè)化和環(huán)境變化,A,C排除;文章只是用科羅拉多峽谷的變化來引入主題,沒有提及峽谷周圍的旅游業(yè),所以B選項(xiàng)排除;文章第一句話點(diǎn)出主題后,后面都是談的水對地形的變化,所以正確答案選D。
第3題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干意思“作者怎么展現(xiàn)大峽谷的?”;A選項(xiàng)“滑坡影響”;B選項(xiàng)“作為地理之謎”;C選項(xiàng)“侵蝕的消極影響”;D選項(xiàng)“侵蝕的積極影響”。根據(jù)題干的watercanshapeearth定位到第二段最后一句ThisgeologicalmarvelwascreatedbythewatersoftheColoradoRiverthroughtheprocessesofweatheringanderosion.(這種地理奇跡是科羅拉多的水通過侵蝕和腐蝕而創(chuàng)作出來的。)由此可以看出科羅拉多大峽谷是地理奇跡而不是地理之謎,排除A;然后定位到最后一段第一句AlthoughweatheringanderosionareresponsibleforcreatingbeautifulsightssuchassandybeachesandtheGrandCanyon,therearemanynegativeconsequencesaswell.Landslidesaresomeofthemostdangeroussideeffectsoferosion.(雖然風(fēng)化和侵蝕造就了像沙灘和大峽谷這樣的美麗景觀,但也有很多負(fù)面的影響。滑坡是侵蝕所帶來的最危險(xiǎn)的副作用之一。)從這句可以看出大峽谷是水的侵蝕作用的積極影響,而滑坡是負(fù)面影響,所以排除A、C,答案選D。
第4題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干意思“最后一段,作者提到滑坡是為了證明:侵蝕()”;A選項(xiàng)“總是有益的”;B選項(xiàng)“緩慢的過程”;C選項(xiàng)“有負(fù)面影響”;D選項(xiàng)“能幫助形成洞穴和峽谷”。根據(jù)題干,我們定位到最后一段,最后一段第一句話是主旨句AlthoughweatheringanderosionareresponsibleforcreatingbeautifulsightssuchassandybeachesandtheGrandCanyon,therearemanynegativeconsequencesaswell.Landslidesaresomeofthemostdangeroussideeffectsoferosion.(雖然風(fēng)化和侵蝕造就了像沙灘和大峽谷這樣的美麗景觀,但也有很多負(fù)面的影響?;率乔治g所帶來的最危險(xiǎn)的副作用之一。)從although這個轉(zhuǎn)折詞可以看出來,整篇文章是要講侵蝕的不好的方面了,所以答案C正確。A,B,D選項(xiàng)雖然在前文中都說到了,但是根據(jù)題干Inthelastparagraph,答案只能選C。
3.不定項(xiàng)選擇題
Thebrainisorganizedintodifferentregions,eachresponsiblefordifferentfunctions,andinhumansthisorganizationisverymarked.Thelargestpartsofthebrainarethecerebralhemispheres,whichoccupymostoftheinterioroftheskull.Theyarelayeredstructures,themostcomplexbeingtheouterlayer,knownasthecerebralcortex(大腦皮層),wherethenervecellsareextremelydenselypackedtoallowgreatinterconnectivity.Itsfunctionisnotfullyunderstood,butwecangetsomeindicationofitspurposefromstudiesofanimalsthathavehaditremoved.Adog,forexample,canstillmoveinacoordinatedmanner,willeatandsleep,andevenbarkifitisdisturbed.However,italsobecomesblindandlosesitssenseofsmell—moresignificantly,perhaps,itlosesallinterestinitsenvironment,notrespondingtopeopleortoitsname,nortootherdogs,evenoftheoppositesex.Italsolosesallabilitytolearn.Ineffect,itlosesthecharacteristicsthatwegenerallyrefertoasindicatingintelligenceawareness,interestandinteractionwithanenvironment,andanabilitytoadaptandlearn.Thusthecerebralcortexseemstobetheseatofthehigherorderfunctionsofthebrain,andthecoreofintelligence.Thecerebralcortexhasbeenthesubjectofinvestigationbyresearchersformanyyears,andisslowlyrevealingitssecrets.Itdemonstratesalocalizationoffunctions,inthatdifferentareasofthecortexfulfilldifferentfunctions,suchasmotioncontrol,hearingandvision.Thevisualpartofthecortexisespeciallyinteresting.Inthevisualcortex,electricalstimulationofthecellscanproducethesensationoflight,anddetailedanalysishasshownthatspecificlayersofneuronsaresensitivetoparticularorientationsofinputstimuli,sothatonelayerrespondsmaximallytohorizontallines,whileanotherrespondstoverticalones.Althoughmuchofthisstructureisgeneticallypredetermined,theorientation-specificlayoutofthecellsappearstobelearntatanearlystage.Animalsboughtupinanenvironmentofpurelyhorizontallinesdonotdevelopneuronstructuresthatrespondtoverticalorientations,showingthatthesestructuresaredevelopedduetoenvironmentalinputandnotpurelyfromgeneticpredetermination.Thisiscalledself-organizationofthevisualcortexsincethereisexternalteachertoguidethedevelopmentofthesestructures.
1.Theorganizationofbrainischaracterizedby(
).
2.Accordingtothepassage,adogcanstillmoveinacoordinatedmanner,willeatandsleep,andevenbarkwhen(
)is(are)removed.
3.Theword“seat”inline12ofthefirstparagraphmeans(
).
4.Thevisualpartofthecortexisespeciallyinterestingbecause(
).
5.Whichofthefollowingheadingsisthebesttitleforthispassage?
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.theinterioroftheskull
B.differentregionsresponsiblefordifferentfunctions
C.theouterlayer—thecerebralcortex
D.thenervecellsdenselypacked
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.nervecells
B.theskull
C.thehemispheres
D.thecerebralcortex
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.achair
B.partofthebody
C.placewheresomethingisorwheresomethingiscarriedon
D.cortex
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.specificlayersofneuronsaresensitivetoparticularorientationsofinputstimuli
B.muchofthestructureisgeneticallypredetermined
C.horizontallinesarestimulated
D.verticallinesarestimulated
問題5選項(xiàng)
A.TheCerebralCortex
B.ThespecificLayersofNeurons
C.TheOrganizationoftheBrain
D.TheCerebralHemispheres
【答案】第1題:B
第2題:D
第3題:C
第4題:A
第5題:A
【解析】第1題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干:大腦組織的特點(diǎn)是……。A選項(xiàng)“頭骨的內(nèi)部”;B選項(xiàng)“不同的區(qū)域負(fù)責(zé)不同的功能”;C選項(xiàng)“theouterlayer—thecerebralcortex”;D選項(xiàng)“神經(jīng)細(xì)胞密集排列”。第一段第一句話Thebrainisorganizedintodifferentregions,eachresponsiblefordifferentfunctions,andinhumansthisorganizationisverymarked.(大腦被組織成不同的區(qū)域,每個區(qū)域負(fù)責(zé)不同的功能,在人類中這個組織非常明顯),因此答案選B。
第2題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干:根據(jù)這篇文章,狗被除去()仍然可以移動,吃飯和睡覺,甚至吠喊。A選項(xiàng)“神經(jīng)細(xì)胞”;B選項(xiàng)“頭骨”;C選項(xiàng)“半腦”;D選項(xiàng)“大腦皮層”。根據(jù)題干定位到第八九句話Ineffect,itlosesthecharacteristicsthatwegenerallyrefertoasindicatingintelligenceawareness,interestandinteractionwithanenvironment,andanabilitytoadaptandlearn.Thusthecerebralcortexseemstobetheseatofthehigherorderfunctionsofthebrain,andthecoreofintelligence.(實(shí)際上,它失去了我們通常所說的智力的特征——意識、興趣、與環(huán)境的互動,以及適應(yīng)和學(xué)習(xí)的能力。因此,大腦皮層似乎是大腦高級功能的所在地,也是智力的核心。)從這里可以看出答案選D。
第3題:詞義推測題。A選項(xiàng)“椅子”;B選項(xiàng)“身體的一部分”,C選項(xiàng)“某物所在的地方或某物被進(jìn)行的地方”;D選項(xiàng)“皮質(zhì)”。Thusthecerebralcortexseemstobetheseatofthehigherorderfunctionsofthebrain,andthecoreofintelligence.(因此,大腦皮層似乎是大腦高級功能的所在地,也是智力的核心。)這里seat在文中的不是本意“椅子”,而是引申義“智力所在之地”,所以答案選C。
第4題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干:皮質(zhì)層的視覺部分尤其有趣因?yàn)椤選項(xiàng)“特定的神經(jīng)元層對特定的輸入刺激方向敏感”;B選項(xiàng)“大部分結(jié)構(gòu)是由基因決定的”;C選項(xiàng)“水平線受到刺激”;D選項(xiàng)“垂直線受到刺激”。根據(jù)題干定位到倒數(shù)第十行Thevisualpartofthecortexisespeciallyinteresting.Inthevisualcortex,electricalstimulationofthecellscanproducethesensationoflight,anddetailedanalysishasshownthatspecificlayersofneuronsaresensitivetoparticularorientationsofinputstimuli,sothatonelayerrespondsmaximallytohorizontallines,whileanotherrespondstoverticalones(大腦皮層的視覺部分尤其有趣。在視覺皮層中,對細(xì)胞的電刺激可以產(chǎn)生光的感覺,詳細(xì)分析表明,特定的神經(jīng)元層對特定的輸入刺激方向敏感,因此,一層對水平線反應(yīng)最大,而另一層對垂直線反應(yīng)最大)所以排除C、D選項(xiàng),答案選A,選項(xiàng)B沒有提及。
第5題:主旨大意題。A選項(xiàng)“大腦皮層”;B選項(xiàng)“神經(jīng)元的特殊層”;C選項(xiàng)“大腦的結(jié)構(gòu)”;D選項(xiàng)“大腦半球”。原文最開始引出了大腦皮層這一話題,通過舉了狗和視覺皮層中的例子來表明大腦皮層的作用,提出“大腦皮層似乎是大腦高階功能的所在地,也是智力的核心。大腦皮層多年來一直是研究人員研究的主題”這一概念,因此A選項(xiàng)正確。B,C,D選項(xiàng)都是文章中的片面的內(nèi)容,文章沒有花費(fèi)大量筆墨描寫“神經(jīng)元的特殊層”;“大腦的結(jié)構(gòu)”;D“大腦半球”,屬于以偏概全。
4.不定項(xiàng)選擇題
AscientificpanelconvenedbytheWorldHealthOrganizationrecommendedguidelinesonFridayfordoctorconductingclinicalstudiesofSARSpatients.Thepanelurgeddoctorstoapplytheguidelinesinanalyzingthemassesofpotentiallyusefulinformationaboutvarioustherapiesthatwerecollectedinthisyear’sepidemic.Muchofthatinformationhasnotbeenpublishedoranalyzed.
“Itisamatterofurgencytogetbetteranalysisandreview,”saidDr.SimonMardel,aWHOofficialwholedthetwo-daymeetingthatendedonFriday.HesaidthousandsofpotentialtherapiesandcompoundshadbeentestedsofarasresearcherstrytodeterminetreatmentsforSARS,orsevereacuterespiratorysyndrome.“WerecognizethathavingnotreatmentforSARSishinderingourabilitytocontrolanepidemicinsomanyways,”Hesaid.
Intheepidemicearlierthisyear,varioustreatments,likedrugstofightthevirusorstrengthentheimmunesystem,aswellastraditionalChinesemedicine,weredeliveredunderemergencyconditions,inwidelydifferentsettingandcountriestopatientssufferingfromvaryingstagesoftheillness.Thoseconditions—generallywithoutstandardizedmeasurementsorcontrolledsituations—havemadeithardtointerpretresults.
Standardsupportivetherapylikenursing,andinseverecasestheuseofmechanicalrespirators(呼吸器)tohelppatientsbreathe,isthemainstay(主要支持)ofSARScare,andhelpedmanypatientssurvive.ButdoctorsstilldonotknowhowbesttotreatSARSpatientswhohavebreathingdifficulties.Dr.Mardelsaid.Onemethodisinvasiveventilation.Asecondmethodinvolvesblowingoxygenintothelungsthroughamask.Bothcarrytheriskoftransmittingthevirustohospitalemployees.Withoutproperanalysis,thepanelwasunabletosaydefinitivelywhichtreatmentworkedbest,orwhichcausedthemostharm.“Thereisalackofsharedinformation,”Dr.Mardelsaid,nothingthatalotofdatahavenotbeenpublished.
Thepanelalsoagreedonguidelinesthatwouldallowdoctorstoconductquickandsafeclinicaltrials,aprocessthatgenerallytakesyearstocomplete.TheworldHealthOrganization,aUnitedNationsagencydidnotreleasetheguidelines.Dr.Mardelsaidtheywereflexiblebecausenooneknewwhere,whenandinwhatsettingSARSwouldreturn.Expertsinmanycountrieshavealreadylistedthetreatmentstheywanttotest,andthehealthagencyisleavingthesedecisionstoindividualnations.
1.Guidelinesrecommendedbythescientificpanelcanbeusedfor(
).
2.Accordingtothepassage,itisdifficulttointerprettheresultsofcertaintreatmentsforSARSbecause(
).
3.Accordingtodoctors,thetwomethodstotreatSARSpatientswhohavebreathingdifficultiesboth(
).
4.AccordingtoaWHOofficial,Dr.Mardel,theguidelineswereflexiblebecause(
).
5.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleofthepassage?
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.gatheringpotentiallyusefulinformationaboutvarioustherapiescollected
B.conductingclinicalstudiesofSARSpatients
C.determiningtreatmentforSARS
D.publishingalltheinformationaboutSARS
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.patientswereindifferentcountries
B.patientsweregivenmedicinesinwidelydifferentsettings
C.patientswereatdifferentstagesoftheillness
D.theseconditionshadnostandardizedmeasurementsorcontrolledsituations
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.carrytheriskofinfectinghospitalemployees
B.areeffectiveincuringpatientswhohavebreathingdifficulties
C.don’truntheriskoftransmittingthevirustohospitalemployees
D.provetoworkeffectivelyandcausenoharm.
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.SARSwouldreemergeinpoorcountries
B.nooneknewwhere,whenandinwhatsettingSARSwouldreturn
C.SARSwouldnotappearindevelopedcountries
D.nooneknewwhetherSARSwouldreturnornot
問題5選項(xiàng)
A.SARS,aDreadfulDisease
B.NoGoodMethodstoTreatSARS
C.SARSWillReturnOneDay
D.HealthpanelRecommendsNewGuidelinesonSARS
【答案】第1題:B
第2題:D
第3題:A
第4題:B
第5題:D
【解析】第1題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干:科學(xué)小組推薦的指南可以用于……。A選項(xiàng)“收集關(guān)于各種治療方法的潛在有用信息”;B選項(xiàng)“對SARS患者進(jìn)行臨床研究”;C選項(xiàng)“確定SARS的治療方法”;D選項(xiàng)“發(fā)布有關(guān)SARS的所有信息”。由題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到文章第一段第一句AscientificpanelconvenedbytheWorldHealthOrganizationrecommendedguidelinesonFridayfordoctorconductingclinicalstudiesofSARSpatients.(上周五,世界衛(wèi)生組織(WHO)召集的一個科學(xué)小組向醫(yī)生推薦了對SARS患者進(jìn)行臨床研究的指導(dǎo)方針。)由此可知選項(xiàng)B符合題意。
第2題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章,解釋SARS的某些治療結(jié)果是很難的,因?yàn)椤選項(xiàng)“病人在不同的國家”;B選項(xiàng)“患者在不同的環(huán)境下服用藥物”;C選項(xiàng)“患者處于不同的疾病階段”;D選項(xiàng)“這些條件沒有標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化的測量或控制情況”。根據(jù)題干定位到第三段第二句話Intheepidemicearlierthisyear,varioustreatments,…,weredeliveredunderemergencyconditions,inwidelydifferentsettingandcountriestopatientssufferingfromvaryingstagesoftheillness.Thoseconditions—generallywithoutstandardizedmeasurementsorcontrolledsituations—havemadeithardtointerpretresults.(在今年早些時候的疫情中,在不同的環(huán)境和國家,在緊急情況下,為不同階段的患者提供……各種治療。這些情況——通常沒有標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化的測量或控制的情況——使得解釋結(jié)果變得困難),由此答案選D,其他選項(xiàng)是來描述在什么情況下患者接受了什么樣的治療,不是結(jié)果難以解釋的原因。
第3題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干:根據(jù)醫(yī)生所說,兩種導(dǎo)致病人有呼吸困難的治療SARS的方法都……。A選項(xiàng)“有感染醫(yī)院員工的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)”;B選項(xiàng)“對有呼吸困難的病人有效”;C選項(xiàng)“不要冒將病毒傳染給醫(yī)院員工的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)”;D選項(xiàng)“證明有效,沒有造成傷害”。根據(jù)題干定位到第四段倒數(shù)第三句Bothcarrytheriskoftransmittingthevirustohospitalemployees(兩者都有將病毒傳播給醫(yī)院員工的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)),因此答案選A。
第4題:【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干:根據(jù)世衛(wèi)組織官員馬戴爾博士所說,這份指導(dǎo)方針很靈活因?yàn)椤?。A選項(xiàng)“SARS將在貧窮國家重新出現(xiàn)”;B選項(xiàng)“沒有人知道非典會在什么地方、什么時候、在什么情況下卷土重來”;C選項(xiàng)“非典不會出現(xiàn)在發(fā)達(dá)國家”;D選項(xiàng)“沒有人知道非典是否會卷土重來”。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞定位到最后一段第三句話Dr.Mardelsaidtheywereflexiblebecausenooneknewwhere,whenandinwhatsettingSARSwouldreturn.(馬戴爾博士說,他們是靈活的,因?yàn)闆]人知道非典會在什么時候、在什么地方卷土重來。),所以答案選B。
第5題:主旨大意題。A選項(xiàng)“SARS,一個可怕的病毒”;B選項(xiàng)“治療SARS沒有好的方法”;C選項(xiàng)“SARS總有一天會卷土重來”;D選項(xiàng)“健康小組推薦新的SARS指南”根據(jù)第一段第一句話和最后一段第一句話AscientificpanelconvenedbytheWorldHealthOrganizationrecommendedguidelineson…(由世界衛(wèi)生組織召集的一個科學(xué)小組建議的指導(dǎo)方針……)和Thepanelalsoagreedonguidelinesthat…(該小組還贊同指導(dǎo)方針……)可知全文圍繞的主題是指導(dǎo)方針,而不是如何治療SARS,所以答案選D。
5.單選題
(
)inanatmosphereofsimplelivingwaswhatherparentswishedfor.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.Thegirl’sbeingeducated
B.Thegirltobeeducated
C.Thegirlbeingeducated
D.Thegirlhavingbeeneducated
【答案】A
【解析】動名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作主語。題干的中inanatmosphereofsimpleliving作地點(diǎn)狀語,what引導(dǎo)表語從句作從句的賓語,題干中是缺主語。B、C、D的主語都是thegirl,句子意思是在單純環(huán)境下接受教育的女孩是父母想要的,但是句子的本意應(yīng)該是女孩生活在單純的環(huán)境下接受教育是父母想要的,所以答案只能選A。
6.單選題
Shehastakengreatpainstoconcealheremotions,andtherebymadethem(
)conspicuous.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.allthemore
B.allthemuch
C.allmore
D.allmuch
【答案】A
【解析】考查部分倒裝。句意:她竭力隱藏她的情緒,但是她卻讓他們更加明顯了。這里選固定搭配A選項(xiàng)allthemore“更加”;其他選項(xiàng)不能作為副詞修飾conspicuous這個形容詞。
7.單選題
Itwasno________thathiscarwasseennearthebankatthetimeoftherobbery.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.coincidence
B.convention
C.certainty
D.complication
【答案】A
【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)“巧合,一致發(fā)生”;B選項(xiàng)“大會,公約”;C選項(xiàng)“確認(rèn)”;D選項(xiàng)“并發(fā)癥,復(fù)雜”。句意:在銀行被搶的時候他的車被看到停在附近,這絕對不是()。根據(jù)句意,這個人在推測為什么正好在銀行被搶的時候在附近看到了他的車,會不會也太巧了。這里結(jié)合選項(xiàng)應(yīng)該選A。
8.翻譯題
1.ThecostofhealthcareisoneofthebiggestchallengesfacingtheUnitedStates,and,asmostpeopleknowfromexperience,drugpricesareagrowingpartoftheproblem.
2.Althoughdrugspendingrepresentsonly12percentoftotalhealthcosts,itisrisingatanannualrateof10to12percent—morethanfourtimestherateofinflation—andwillsoonovertakephysicianfeesasthesecondlargestpartofthehealth-carebill,alterhospitalizationcosts.Whyisthishappening?Unlikeotheradvancedcountries,theUnitesStatesdoesn’tregulatedrugcosts.
3.Privateinsurersbargainwithmanufacturersfordiscountsonthemedicinestheycover,butthedrugindustryhaslongstymiedsucheffortsbythefederalgovernment.TheresultisthatAmericanspayroughlytwiceasmuchasCanadiansorEuropeansforbrand-namemedications
4.Theproblemisreachingcrisisproportions—andwithoutboldreforms,itwillgetworse.Thepharmaceuticalindustryclaimsthathighpricesarenecessarytocoveritsresearchanddevelopmentcosts.5.Thetruthisthatin2002,thetop10Americandrugcompanieshadamedianprofitmarginof17percent,comparedwithlessthan3.1percentfortheotherFortune500industries.
【答案】1.醫(yī)療保健費(fèi)用是美國面臨的最大挑戰(zhàn)之一,而且,正如大多數(shù)人從經(jīng)驗(yàn)中知道的那樣,藥價(jià)是問題日益嚴(yán)重的一部分。
2.雖然藥物支出僅占總醫(yī)療費(fèi)用的12%,年率上升10%到12%——超過通貨膨脹率的四倍,很快就會超越醫(yī)生診療費(fèi)用,成為第二大醫(yī)療保健法案的一部分,改變住院費(fèi)用。
3.私人保險(xiǎn)公司與制造商討價(jià)還價(jià),爭取他們承保的藥品的折扣,但制藥業(yè)長期以來一直阻撓聯(lián)邦政府的這類努力。
4.這個問題正達(dá)到危機(jī)的程度——如果不進(jìn)行大膽的改革,它將變得更糟。
5.事實(shí)是,2002年,美國前十大制藥公司的利潤率中值為17%,而其他財(cái)富500強(qiáng)行業(yè)的利潤率中值不到3.1%。
9.不定項(xiàng)選擇題
Likemostparents,geologistBrianAtwaterworriesabouthisdaughter’ssafety.Butthesedays,hehasanunusualconcern:thepublicschoolsheattendsinSeattlehasun-reinforcedmasonrywalls,constructionnotoriousforcollapsingduringearthquakes.Thesametypeofwallscrushedhundredsofthousandsofpeopleduringthe1976TangshanquakeinChina.
Adecadeago,Atwaterwouldhavepaidlittlenoticetoschoolroomwalls.Butoverthelastseveralyears,heandotherscientistshavefounddisturbingsignsthatthePacificNorthwesthasexperiencedgiantquakesinthedistantpastandthattheareamaybeheadedforacatastrophicshockinthenearordistantfuture.
AtameetingoftheAmericanGeophysicalUnioninDecember,researchersdiscussedtherecentlyuncoveredevidenceofquakepotentialinthePacificNorthwest.Whilesomeremainunconvincedthathugeearthquakes—withmagnitudesof8orhigher—doindeedstrikethisregion,agrowingnumberconsidersuchshocksaseriouspossibility.
What’sworrisome,theysay,isthatnorthwesterncitiessuchasPortland,SeattleandVancouverhavenotpreparedforearthquakesofthismagnitude,whichcouldrattletheregion’spopulationcenterswithenoughforcetomaketherecentSanFranciscoareadamageseemmildincomparison.
“Ithinkit’squitetruetosaythatnothing(intheseareas)hasreallybeendesignedwithoneoftheseearthquakesinmind,”saysseismologistPaulSomervilleofWoodward—ClydeConsultantsinPasadenaCalif.Atthemeeting,SomervilleandhiscolleaguespresentedestimatesofthedegreeofshakingPortlandandSeattlewouldsufferduringamassiveearthquake.
1.Duringthe1976TangshanearthquakeinChina,hundredsofthousandsofpeoplewerekilledby(
).
2.ItisimpliedinParagraph2that(
).
3.Theword“shock”meansthesameas(
).
4.Whatdoestheword“mild”inParagraph4mean?
5.Whichofthefollowingisnottrue?
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.fire
B.un-strengthenedbrickandstonebuildings
C.masonrywalls
D.un-reinforcedconcretewalls
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.Mr.Atwaterloveshisdaughterverymuch
B.Mr.AtwaterandotherscientistspayattentiontosignsofearthquakesinthePacificNorthwest
C.theearthquakeswillstrikenorthwesterncities
D.Mr.Atwaterhasbeenconcernedalotoverschoolroomsforthepastseveralyears
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.quake
B.violenceforce
C.attack
D.crash
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.soft
B.nothard
C.notsevere
D.gentle
問題5選項(xiàng)
A.ThepublicschoolwhereMr.Atwater’sdaughterstudieshasschoolroomseasytodestroyduringamassiveearthquake.
B.Whilesomescientistsstilldon’tbelievethathugequakeswilloccurinPacificNorthwest,moreandmorescientistsfeelcertain.
C.SomervilleandhiscolleaguesmadeajudgmentonthelosssufferedinSeattleduringthenextearthquake.
D.Theresearchersareworriedthatnorthwesterncitieshaven’tmadeanypreparationsagainstsuchahugequake.
【答案】第1題:C
第2題:B
第3題:A
第4題:C
第5題:C
【解析】第1題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。第一步,精準(zhǔn)定位,定位到第一段最后一、二句話...thepublicschoolsheattendsinSeattlehasun-reinforcedmasonrywalls,constructionnotoriousforcollapsingduringearthquakes.Thesametypeofwallscrushedhundredsofthousandsofpeopleduringthe1976TangshanquakeinChina.(她在西雅圖就讀的公立學(xué)校有未加固的磚墻,這種建筑因在地震中倒塌而臭名昭著。相同類型的墻在1976年的唐山大地震壓死了成百上千人)。第二步綜合理解,這里un-reinforcedmasonrywalls與選C相符,所以答案選C。
A選項(xiàng)“火”,在文中都沒有提到屬于無中生有。
B選項(xiàng)“沒有加固的磚石建筑”,對應(yīng)原文第一段最后一二句話,但是此處講的是un-reinforcedmasonrywalls不是brickandstonebuilding,此處屬于張冠李戴,所以不選;
D選項(xiàng)“無鋼筋混凝土墻”,此處講的是masonrywalls不是concretewalls,此處也屬于張冠李戴,所以不選。
第2題:推理判斷題。第一步,找句內(nèi)線索,定位到第二段第二句Butoverthelastseveralyears,heandotherscientistshavefounddisturbingsignsthatthePacificNorthwesthasexperiencedgiantquakesinthedistantpastandthattheareamaybeheadedforacatastrophicshockinthenearordistantfuture.(但在過去幾年里,他和其他科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)了令人不安的跡象,太平洋西北部在很久以前經(jīng)歷過巨大的地震并且在不遠(yuǎn)的將來,該地區(qū)可能會遭受災(zāi)難性的沖擊),第二步綜合理解,定位句和B選項(xiàng)“愛德華和其他科學(xué)家注意到了南太平洋地震的預(yù)兆”;是同意轉(zhuǎn)換,所以答案選B。
A選項(xiàng)“愛德華先生非常愛他的女兒”,第一步,精準(zhǔn)定位,定位到文章第一段第一句Likemostparents,geologistBrianAtwaterworriesabouthisdaughter’ssafety(和大多數(shù)父母一樣,地質(zhì)學(xué)家布萊恩?阿特沃特?fù)?dān)心女兒的安全。)但是題干的要求是第二段可以推斷出什么,這里屬于出處錯誤;
C選項(xiàng)“地震將會襲擊西北城市”,可以定位到第二段第二句(見上文)。第二步綜合理解,這里的thearea指的是thePacificNorthwest不是northwestcities,這里屬于張冠李戴。
D選項(xiàng)“在過去幾年,愛德華一直在關(guān)注學(xué)校教室”,第一步,精準(zhǔn)定位,定位到第一段第二句Butthesedays,hehasanunusualconcern:thepublicschoolsheattendsinSeattlehasun-reinforcedmasonrywalls,constructionnotoriousforcollapsingduringearthquakes(但這些天,他有一個不同尋常的擔(dān)憂:她在西雅圖上的公立學(xué)校有未加固的磚石墻,這種建筑因在地震中倒塌而臭名昭著),這里雖然愛德華確實(shí)擔(dān)心這種墻會倒,但是不是第二段的內(nèi)容,這里屬于出處錯誤。
第3題:詞匯推斷題。第一步,句中前后信息銜接,根據(jù)題干定位到heandotherscientistshavefounddisturbingsignsthatNorthwesthasexperiencedgiantquakesinthedistantpastandthattheareamaybeheadedforacatastrophicshockinthenearordistantfuture(他和其他科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)了令人不安的跡象,太平洋西北部在很久以前經(jīng)歷過巨大的地震并且在不遠(yuǎn)的將來,該地區(qū)可能會遭受災(zāi)難性的沖擊)and連接兩個并列的定語從句,inthedistancepast和inthenearfuture,以及northwest和thearea,這里可能講的是發(fā)生在這塊西北區(qū)的同一件事,不過一件已經(jīng)發(fā)生過了,而另一件快要發(fā)生了。第二步,上下文語義銜接,上文提到了有跡象表明太平洋西北地區(qū)以前發(fā)生過地震,在不久的將來這里又要發(fā)生了,所以shock是上文quake的同義替換,所以答案選A選項(xiàng)quake“發(fā)抖,震動”;
B選項(xiàng)violenceforce“暴力”,文中沒有提及暴力,屬于無中生有。
C選項(xiàng)attack“攻擊”,文中沒有提及攻擊,屬于無中生有。
D選項(xiàng)crash“碰撞,倒塌”,文中沒有提及碰撞,屬于無中生有。
第4題:詞匯推斷題。第一步,句中前后信息銜接,根據(jù)文章定位到四段整句話What’sworrisome,theysay,isthatnorthwesterncitiessuchasPortland,SeattleandVancouverhavenotpreparedforearthquakesofthismagnitude,whichcouldrattletheregion’spopulationcenterswithenoughforcetomaketherecentSanFranciscoareadamageseemmildincomparison.(他們說,令人擔(dān)憂的是,波特蘭、西雅圖和溫哥華等西北城市還沒有為這種級別的地震做好準(zhǔn)備。這種地震可能會對該地區(qū)的人口中心造成足夠大的震動,使舊金山地區(qū)最近遭受的破壞相比之下顯得比較輕微);第二步,上下文語義銜接,mild前面連接的信息是SanFranciscoareadamage,后面連接的信息是incomparison。就可以看出,這里是在做比較,比較兩個災(zāi)難的嚴(yán)重性。上文還提到了what’sworrisome以及notpreparedforearthquakesofthismagnitude,這里說明前面的地震要比后面的破壞更加嚴(yán)重,所以后面的破壞相對來說就不是那么嚴(yán)重了,所以答案選C選項(xiàng);
A選項(xiàng)“柔軟的”,不能用來修飾“破壞”,這里屬于反向干擾;
B選項(xiàng)“不困難的”,不能用來修飾“破壞”,這里屬于反向干擾;
D選項(xiàng)“溫柔的,紳士的”,不能用來修飾“破壞”,這里屬于反向干擾。
第5題:推理判斷題。第一步,精準(zhǔn)定位,根據(jù)選項(xiàng)定位到最后一段倒數(shù)第二句話Atthemeeting,SomervilleandhiscolleaguespresentedestimatesofthedegreeofshakingPortlandandSeattlewouldsufferduringamassiveearthquake.(在會議上,薩默維爾和他的同事們對波特蘭和西雅圖在大地震中可能遭受的震動程度進(jìn)行了估計(jì))。第二步綜合理解,科學(xué)家薩默維爾預(yù)估的是震動的等級而不是地震中受到的損失,這里屬于張冠李戴,所以C選項(xiàng)“薩默維爾和他的同事對西雅圖在下一次地震中遭受的損失作出了判斷”錯誤,答案選C;
A選項(xiàng)“阿特沃特的女兒就讀的公立學(xué)校的教室在大地震中很容易被摧毀”,第一步,精準(zhǔn)定位,定位到第一段第二句話thepublicschoolsheattendsinSeattlehasun-reinforcedmasonrywalls,constructionnotoriousforcollapsingduringearthquakes.(她在西雅圖就讀的公立學(xué)校有未加固的磚石墻,這種建筑因在地震中倒塌而臭名昭著),從這個句可以看出,A選項(xiàng)正確,所以不選;
B選項(xiàng)“雖然一些科學(xué)家仍然不相信太平洋西北部會發(fā)生大地震,但越來越多的科學(xué)家感覺會”,第一步,精準(zhǔn)定位,根據(jù)選項(xiàng)定位到第三段最后一句話Whilesomeremainunconvincedthathugeearthquakes—withmagnitudesof8orhigher—doindeedstrikethisregion,agrowingnumberconsidersuchshocksaseriouspossibility.(雖然有些人仍然不相信8級或更高的大地震確實(shí)會襲擊這個地區(qū),但越來越多的人認(rèn)為這種地震是有很大的可能性的。),所以B選項(xiàng)不選;
D選項(xiàng)“研究人員擔(dān)心,西北城市還沒有為應(yīng)對如此巨大的地震做任何準(zhǔn)備”,第一步,精準(zhǔn)定位,根據(jù)第四段第一句話What’sworrisome,theysay,isthatnorthwesterncitiessuchasPortland,SeattleandVancouverhavenotpreparedforearthquakesofthismagnitude(他們說,令人擔(dān)憂的是,波特蘭、西雅圖和溫哥華等西北城市還沒有為這種級別的地震做好準(zhǔn)備)選項(xiàng)D正確,不選。
10.單選題
Topreventfloodinginwinterthewaterflowingfromthedamisconstantly(
)byacomputer.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.managed
B.graded
C.monitored
D.conducted
【答案】C
【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)managed“管理,調(diào)教”;B選項(xiàng)graded“分級”;C選項(xiàng)monitored“檢測,監(jiān)聽”;D選項(xiàng)conducted“管理,引導(dǎo),指揮”。句意:為了防止冬季發(fā)洪水,大壩的水流經(jīng)常被電腦()?,F(xiàn)實(shí)中洪水和電腦之間的關(guān)系只有檢測關(guān)系,所以答案應(yīng)該選C。
11.單選題
Eyewitnessesdonotalwaysrecalleventsasthey________actually.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.arehappening
B.willhappen
C.happened
D.wouldhappen
【答案】C
【解析】考查時態(tài)。A選項(xiàng)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時;B選項(xiàng)一般將來時;C一般過去時;D過去將來時。句子意思:目擊者的回憶不總是事情的全貌(眼見不一定為實(shí)),從句的謂語發(fā)生在主句謂語recall之前的,而這里的recall是一般現(xiàn)在時,所以我們得選一般過去時,答案選C。
12.單選題
MyfavoriteradiosongistheoneIfirstheardonathick1923EdisondiscI________atagaragesale.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.trifledwith
B.scrapedthrough
C.stumbledupon
D.thirstedfor
【答案】C
【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)“玩弄,心不在焉地做”;B選項(xiàng)“勉強(qiáng)通過”;C選項(xiàng)“偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)”;D選項(xiàng)“渴望”。句意:我最喜歡
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