1、 多式聯(lián)運(yùn)物流 集裝箱貨物運(yùn)輸 multimodal transport logistics andContainer freight transport多式聯(lián)運(yùn)物流一、定義define 多式結(jié)合運(yùn)輸MultimodalTransportation：由兩種及其以上的交通工具相互銜接、轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)而共同完成的運(yùn)輸過程統(tǒng)稱為復(fù)合運(yùn)輸，我國習(xí)慣上稱之為多式聯(lián)運(yùn)。 Join each other by two and above transport, transshipment and complete transportation are collectively referred to as compos

2、ite transport, customarily call multimodal transport in our country.多式聯(lián)運(yùn)物流多式聯(lián)運(yùn)物流二、分類classification按不同的原那么，對多式聯(lián)運(yùn)可以有多種分類方式。 According to different principles, the multimodal transport can have a variety of forms of classification. 1、就其組織方式和體制來分：可分為協(xié)作式多式聯(lián)運(yùn)和銜接式多式聯(lián)運(yùn)兩大類。 As to its organization and system

3、: collaborative multimodal transport and multimodal transport connection 多式聯(lián)運(yùn)物流 三、特點(diǎn)(characteristics) 1.根據(jù)多式聯(lián)運(yùn)的合同進(jìn)展操作，運(yùn)輸全程中至少運(yùn)用兩種運(yùn)輸方式，而且是不同方式的延續(xù)運(yùn)輸。 According to the multimodal transport contract, at least use two kinds of mode of transportation in the entire carriage, continuous transportation and i

4、n a different way. 2.多式聯(lián)運(yùn)的貨物主要集裝箱貨物，具有集裝箱運(yùn)輸?shù)奶攸c(diǎn)。 The container multimodal transport mostly is container goods. has the characteristics of container transportation。多式聯(lián)運(yùn)物流 3.多式聯(lián)運(yùn)是一票究竟，實(shí)行單一運(yùn)費(fèi)率的運(yùn)輸。發(fā)貨人只需訂立一份合同一次付費(fèi)，一次保險(xiǎn)，經(jīng)過一張單證即可完成全程運(yùn)輸。 Multimodal transport is a ticket to the end, a single transport of frei

5、ght rate. Shipper make a contract to pay at a time, an insurance, a documents can complete the entire transport. 4.多式聯(lián)運(yùn)是不同方式的綜合組織，全程運(yùn)輸均是由多式聯(lián)運(yùn)運(yùn)營人組織完成的。無論涉及幾種運(yùn)輸方式，分為幾個(gè)運(yùn)輸區(qū)段，由多式聯(lián)運(yùn)運(yùn)營人對貨運(yùn)全程擔(dān)任。 Multimodal transport combined different ways of organization, the entire transport are organized by the multimoda

6、l transport operator. No matter involving several ways of transportation, divided into several transportation section, the multimodal transport operator is responsible for the whole shipping.多式聯(lián)運(yùn)物流四、構(gòu)成要素components 1.多式聯(lián)運(yùn)運(yùn)營人The multimodal transport operator2.發(fā)貨人The shipper3.契約承運(yùn)人和實(shí)踐承運(yùn)人The contract ca

7、rrier and actual carrier4.收貨人The consignee5.多式聯(lián)運(yùn)合同Multimodal transport contract6.多式聯(lián)運(yùn)單據(jù)票據(jù)Multimodal transport documents (notes)多式聯(lián)運(yùn)物流五、業(yè)務(wù)程序business program接受托運(yùn)懇求，訂立多式聯(lián)運(yùn)合同Accept the shipping, make multimodal transport contract集裝箱的發(fā)放、提取及運(yùn)送The distribution, extraction and transportation of container出口報(bào)

8、關(guān)Export declaration貨物裝箱及接納貨物Packing the goods and receive the goods訂艙及安排貨物運(yùn)送Booking and arrange the goods delivery多式聯(lián)運(yùn)物流 辦理保險(xiǎn)Deal with insurance 簽發(fā)多式聯(lián)運(yùn)提單，組織完成貨物的全程運(yùn)輸 Issued multimodal transport bill of lading, organized the total carriage of the goods and completed 運(yùn)輸過程中的海關(guān)業(yè)務(wù)The customs business in

9、the transportation 貨物交付The goods delivery 貨運(yùn)事故處置Deal with the freight accident多式聯(lián)運(yùn)物流六、我國多式聯(lián)運(yùn)的現(xiàn)狀(the present situation of multimodal transport in our country)1缺乏多式聯(lián)運(yùn)法規(guī)建立涉及集裝箱運(yùn)輸?shù)默F(xiàn)行法(the lack of multimodal transport legislation and the current container transport laws and regulations)2根底設(shè)備缺乏(inadequate

10、 infrastructure)3多式聯(lián)運(yùn)系統(tǒng)協(xié)調(diào)不夠(the multimodal transport system coordination is not enough)多式聯(lián)運(yùn)物流4.信息系統(tǒng)的不完善(information system are not complete)5.經(jīng)濟(jì)開展程度低(low level of economic development)6.政策控制過緊(policy control too tight )7.觀念落后(The ideas of multimodal logistics far behind)多式聯(lián)運(yùn)物流七、多式聯(lián)運(yùn)的主要方式the main for

11、m of multimodal transport1.陸橋運(yùn)輸A land bridge transport西伯利亞大陸橋The Siberian continental bridge北美大陸橋The north American land bridge小陸橋運(yùn)輸Small land bridge transport微橋運(yùn)輸Micro bridge transport多式聯(lián)運(yùn)物流2.?？章?lián)運(yùn)sea-air freight 遠(yuǎn)東-歐洲The far east - Europe 遠(yuǎn)東-中南美The far east - central and South America 遠(yuǎn)東-中近東、非洲、澳洲(

12、 The far east - The near east, Africa, and Australia )多式聯(lián)運(yùn)物流案例：日本郵船公司的多式聯(lián)運(yùn)效力 (Case: Nippon yusen multimodal transport service of the company) 日本郵船公司NYK作為世界上著名的班輪公司之一，是傳統(tǒng)的海運(yùn)效力公司，該公司自1896年起便開場運(yùn)營歐洲和遠(yuǎn)東的“港至港的效力。航運(yùn)業(yè)的利潤下降和動蕩，使NYK開場重組和改動其運(yùn)營戰(zhàn)略，由單一的“港至港效力轉(zhuǎn)向更加細(xì)致周到的“多式聯(lián)運(yùn)效力。 NYK集團(tuán)提出了一個(gè)面向21世紀(jì)的公司戰(zhàn)略，內(nèi)部稱為“NYK21。“NYK

13、21的目的是使公司開展成為一個(gè)可以提供更廣泛的效力種類的超級承運(yùn)人。NYK戰(zhàn)略之一是方案首先經(jīng)過其下屬子公司在空運(yùn)、貨代、倉儲和公路運(yùn)輸?shù)倪\(yùn)作上的協(xié)調(diào)一致，來實(shí)現(xiàn)其戰(zhàn)略聯(lián)盟。. 多式聯(lián)運(yùn)物流 公司的目的是加強(qiáng)NYK的貨運(yùn)效力、物流活動、空運(yùn)和陸上運(yùn)輸。NYK努力建立一個(gè)圍繞海、陸、空效力的多式聯(lián)運(yùn)體系，以實(shí)現(xiàn)其目的。該戰(zhàn)略的中心部分在于NYK不斷在世界主要地域開展其物流中心。1991年NYK從結(jié)合承運(yùn)集團(tuán)United Carriers Group收買了三個(gè)歐洲運(yùn)輸和物流公司作為其在歐洲建立物流網(wǎng)絡(luò)體系的一部分。 NYK的物流中心遍及全球，并且不斷有新的中心建立。這些中心運(yùn)營的遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不止倉儲效力，

14、NYK將它們看作是集中向客戶提供一定程度的物流效力的中心，如存貨管理和定單處置。 NYK物流中心的運(yùn)營理念是積極向客戶推銷，提供客戶集中存貨控制的益處，以到達(dá)緩解存貨緊缺和減少運(yùn)輸設(shè)備的目的。每個(gè)中心均有陸、海、空運(yùn)輸?shù)膶I(yè)人才和本人的貨物集中與分送的網(wǎng)絡(luò)。NYK以為信息技術(shù)是現(xiàn)代物流的重要根底，并且使每個(gè)中心相互聯(lián)網(wǎng)以提供全球貨物跟蹤。多式聯(lián)運(yùn)物流 一些NYK的物流中心甚至向客戶提供更為廣泛的物流效力。以新加坡中心為例，物流中心為日本電子產(chǎn)品制造商提供“物料需求方案效力MRP，NYK以為這是一個(gè)物流提供者尚未開發(fā)的宏大的領(lǐng)域。多式聯(lián)運(yùn)物流 NYK practice shows the fol

15、lowing strategy is worthy of reference: (1)change the original single species transport range, develop multimodal transport and diversified services ,according to the customersneed and improve the quality of service. (2) to strengthen the companys coordination, to avoid losses due to slow lag or con

16、vey information. (3) set up logistics center in the important areas through the world . strengthen the contact of each logistics center, to ensure customers get timely ,accurate service and information, make full use of advanced information technology to develop the function of logistics center inte

17、grated information. 集裝箱貨物運(yùn)輸一、定義 集裝箱，是指具有一定強(qiáng)度、剛度和規(guī)格專供周轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)用的大型裝貨容器。運(yùn)用集裝箱轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)貨物，可直接在發(fā)貨人的倉庫裝貨，運(yùn)到收貨人的倉庫卸貨，中途改換車、船時(shí)，無須將貨物從箱內(nèi)取出換裝。 Containers have certain strength, stiffness and specifications designed for working with large cargo containers. container can beloaded goods directly in the shippers warehouse an

18、d unloaded in the consignees warehouse,there is no need to dress up the goods removed from the box when change the car or boat.集裝箱貨物運(yùn)輸(1)按規(guī)格尺寸分:目前，國際上通常運(yùn)用的干貨柜有外尺寸為20英尺X8英尺X8英尺6寸，簡稱20尺貨柜；40英尺X8英尺X8英尺6寸，簡稱40尺貨柜；及近年較多運(yùn)用的40英尺X8英尺X9英尺6寸，簡稱40尺高柜。 As to size:Outer size of 20 feet X8 X8 feet feet 6 inches,

19、referred to as 20-foot container; 40 feet X8 X8 feet feet 6 inches, called 40-foot containers.And the recent use of 40 feet X8 X9 feet feet 6 inches, called 40-foot high cabinet集裝箱貨物運(yùn)輸集裝箱貨物運(yùn)輸(2)按制箱資料分:有鋁合金集裝箱,鋼板集裝箱,纖維板集裝箱,玻璃鋼集裝箱. According to the box material : aluminum containers, steel containers,

20、 fibreboard container, glass and steel containers.(3)按用途分:有干集裝箱;冷凍集裝箱、掛衣集裝箱、開頂集裝箱、框架集裝箱、罐式集裝箱. As to use: There are dry container; refrigerated containers, hanging clothes containers, open top containers, frames containers, tank containers.集裝箱貨物運(yùn)輸 3.集裝箱運(yùn)輸?shù)年P(guān)系方:主要有:無船承運(yùn)人,集裝箱實(shí)踐承運(yùn)人,集裝箱租賃公司,集裝箱堆場和集裝箱貨運(yùn)站等

21、. Container transport relations side: NVOCC, container actual carrier, container leasing companies, container yards and container freight station.集裝箱貨物運(yùn)輸集裝箱運(yùn)輸特點(diǎn)分析: 高效益的運(yùn)輸方式(Cost-effective mode of transport) Simplified packaging, save a lot of packaging costs. 簡化包裝，大量節(jié)約包裝費(fèi)用。 Use containers can be sim

22、plified packaging, some even without package, enabling cargo transported unpackaged, can greatly save packaging costs.集裝箱貨物運(yùn)輸2、To reduce goods damage, improve freight quality. 減少貨損貨差，提高貨運(yùn)質(zhì)量。 Container itself is a sturdy packaging. Even after long-distance transport or repeatedly changing.It is diffi

23、cult to damage the cargo box. Container transport can reduce theft, wet, dirty and so on .集裝箱貨物運(yùn)輸 3、Reduce operating costs and transportation costs 減少營運(yùn)費(fèi)用和運(yùn)輸本錢 As efficient loading and unloading of containers, loading and unloading time is shortened, To the ship company, can improve navigation rate

24、and reduce shipping costs, in terms of the port, berth capacity can be increased.集裝箱貨物運(yùn)輸高效率的運(yùn)輸方式(Efficient mode of transport) As the container handling efficiency is very high, ship turnaround accelerated greatly increased., ship production efficiency will be improved, so as to improve the transport

25、 capacity of the ship, so that high efficiency resulting in high efficiency 集裝箱貨物運(yùn)輸 高投資的運(yùn)輸方式(High investment mode of transportation) Although container transport is an efficient mode of transportation, but it is also a kind of capital-intensive industries height. Firstly, a large investment in the c

26、ontainer. Secondly, container transport in the port of investment is quite large.such as front, yard, freight station, repair shop, the control tower, concierge, as well as container handling machinery and costly. Also need the construction, 集裝箱貨物運(yùn)輸高協(xié)作的運(yùn)輸方式(High collaborative mode of transport) Container transport system including ocean,land, air,port,container freight stations as well as transport-related customs, shipping agents, freight forwarders and other u