1、Unit 7 LathesContentsNew Words & Expressions Text & TranslationComplex Sentence AnalysisKey to ExercisesNew Words & Expressions lathe lei n. 車床 vt. 車床加工engine lathe 普通車床bench model 臺式車床tracer or duplicating lathe 靠模車床或仿形車床template templit n. (切金屬、石、木等用的)樣板,模板,型板tapered teipd adj. 錐形的groove gru:v n.

2、溝，槽contour kntu n.輪廓；輪廓線shaft :ft n. 軸New Words & Expressions car axleksl n.汽車軸turbine t:bin n.汽輪機turret t:rit n.轉(zhuǎn)臺；轉(zhuǎn)塔tailstock teilstk n. 尾座，尾架accessory ksesri n.附件，配件principal prinspl adj.主要的screw skru: n. 螺絲，螺釘casting k:sti n. 鑄件，鑄造New Words & Expressions forging f:di n. 鍛造；鍛件bar stock 棒料collet k

3、lit n. 夾頭attachment ttmnt n. 附件spindle spindl n. 主軸reversal riv:sl n. 反轉(zhuǎn)；逆轉(zhuǎn)vertical v:tikl adj. 立式的；垂直的machine center 加工中心Text & TranslationLathes are widely used in manufacturing to produce a great variety of machine parts. Some are used for general purposes and others are used to perform specializ

4、ed operations.1.Engine Lathes1Engine lathes，of course，are general purpose machines used in production and maintenance shops all over the world. Sizes range from small bench models to huge heavy duty pieces of equipment. Many of the larger lathes are equipped with auxiliary parts which are not common

5、ly available in ordinary shops，such as automatic stops for the carriage.Text & Translation2.Tracer or Duplicating LathesThe tracer or duplicating lathe is designed to produce irregularly shaped parts automatically. The basic operation of this lathe is as follows. A template of either a flat or three

6、 dimensional shape is placed in a holder. A guide or pointer then moves along this shape and its movement controls that of the cutting tool. The duplication may include a square or tapered shoulder，grooves，tapers，and contours. Work such as motor shafts，spindles，pistons，rods，car axles，turbine shafts，

7、and a variety of other objects can be turned by using this type of lathe.Text & Translation3.Turret LathesWhen machining a complex workpiece on a general purpose lathe，a great deal of time will be spent in changing or adjusting the tools needed. 2One of the first adaptations of the engine lathe whic

8、h made it more suitable to mass production was the addition of multi tool turret in place of the tailstock. Although most turrets have six stations，some have as many as eight.High production turret lathes are very complicated with many power accessories. The principal feature of all turret lathes，ho

9、wever，is that they can perform a consecutive serial of operations in proper sequence. Once the tools have been set and adjusted，little skill is required to turn out duplicate parts.Text & Translation4.Automatic Screw Machines3Screw machines are similar in construction to turret lathes，except that th

10、eir heads are designed to hold and feed long bars of stock. Otherwise，there is little difference between them. Both are designed for multiple tooling，and both have adaptations for identical work. 4Originally，the turret lathe was designed as a chucking lathe for machining small castings，forgings，and

11、irregularly shaped workpieces.Text & TranslationThe first screw machines were designed to feed bar stock and wire used in making small screw parts. At present，however，the turret lathe is frequently used with a collet attachment，and the automatic screw machine can be equipped with a chuck to hold cas

12、tings.The single spindle automatic screw machine，as its name implies，machines work on only one bar of stock at a time. A bar 16 to 20 feet long is fed through the headstock spindle and is held firmly by a collet. The machining operations are done by cutting tools mounted on the turret and on the cro

13、ss slide. When the machine is in operation，the spindle and the stock are rotated at selected speeds for different operations. Rapid reversal of spindle direction can also be achieved if necessary.Text & TranslationIn the single spindle automatic screw machine，a specific length of stock is automatica

14、lly fed through the spindle to a machining area. At this point，the turret and cross slide move into position and automatically perform whatever operations are required. After the machined piece is cut off，stock is again fed into the machining area and the entire cycle is repeated.Text & Translation5

15、Multiple spindle automatic screw machines have from four to eight spindles located around a spindle carrier. Long bars of stock，supported at the rear of the machine，pass through these hollow spindles and are gripped by collets. With the single spindle machine，the turret indexes around the spindle. W

16、hen one tool on the turret is working，the others are not. With a multiple spindle machine，however，the spindle itself indexes. Thus the bars of stock are carried to the various end working and side working tools. Each tool operates in only one position，but all tools operate simultaneously. Consequent

17、ly，four to eight workpieces can be machined at the same time.Text & Translation5.Vertical Turret LathesA vertical turret lathe is basically a turret lathe that has been stood on its headstock end. It is designed to perform a variety of turning operations. It is made up of a turret，a revolving table，

18、and a side head with a square turret for holding additional tools. Operations performed by any of the tools mounted on the turret or side head can be controlled through the use of stops.Text & Translation6.Machining CentersMany sophisticated lathes are now called machining centers because they can p

19、erform certain milling and drilling operations in addition to the ordinary turning operations. Basically，a machining center is a combination of a turret lathe and a milling machine. Manufacturers sometimes add additional features to the machining center in order to increase its versatility.Text & Tr

20、anslation車床在工業(yè)生產(chǎn)中被廣泛用來加工各種類型的機械零件。一些車床是通用機床，而另一些車床則被用來完成某些專門工序的加工任務。1.普通車床普通車床是全世界的生產(chǎn)車間和維修車間里廣泛使用的通用機床。它的尺寸范圍很廣，從小型的臺式車床到巨大的重型車床。許多大型的車床配備在普通車間中通?？床坏降母郊?，例如，溜板的自動擋塊。Text & Translation2.靠模車床或仿形車床靠模車床或仿形車床被設(shè)計用來對形狀不規(guī)則的零件進行自動加工。這種車床的基本操作如下：在加持裝置上安裝平面或立體形狀的樣板，然后，導向觸頭或指針沿著它的外形移動，從而控制切削刀具的運動。仿形加工可以包括方形或錐形軸肩

21、、各種槽、椎體和輪廓。像電動機的軸、主軸、活塞、桿件、汽車軸、汽輪機軸和其他很多種類的工件都可以采用這種車床來進行切削加工。Text & Translation3.轉(zhuǎn)塔車床在通用車床上加工一個復雜的工件時，在更換和調(diào)整加工時所用的一些刀具上要花費很多時間。對普通車床的早期改裝工作之一是增加一個可以安裝多把刀具的轉(zhuǎn)塔來代替尾架，使它能夠更好地適應大批量生產(chǎn)的需要。雖然大多數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)塔有六個工位，但有些轉(zhuǎn)塔有八個工位。高生產(chǎn)率的轉(zhuǎn)塔車床是裝有許多動力附件的非常復雜的機器。然而，所有轉(zhuǎn)塔車床的主要特點是刀具能按適當順序完成一系列的加工工序。一旦這些刀具被安裝調(diào)整好后，只需要很低的技術(shù)就可車削加工很多相同的

22、零件。Text & Translation4.自動螺絲車床螺絲車床在結(jié)構(gòu)上與轉(zhuǎn)塔車床類似，不同之處是螺絲車床的主軸頭部能被設(shè)計成用來夾持和送進長棒料。除此之外，它們之間幾乎沒有什么差別。這兩種車床都用于多刀具切削，都適合加工同樣的工件。最初，為轉(zhuǎn)塔車床設(shè)計的用途和卡盤車床的用途一樣，也是用來加工小型鑄件、鍛件和形狀不規(guī)則的零件。早期的螺絲車床通過棒料和線材的送進，制造小的螺絲零件。時至今日，轉(zhuǎn)塔車床上經(jīng)常使用夾頭附件，而自動螺絲車床上則可通過安裝卡盤用來夾持鑄件。Text & Translation單軸自動螺絲車床，顧名思義，一次只能加工一根棒料。一根16至20英尺（488610 cm）長的棒

23、料可以通過主軸箱中的主軸孔送進，并用夾頭將其加緊。機械加工工序是由裝在轉(zhuǎn)塔和橫刀架上的刀具完成的。當機床工作時，主軸和棒料按照為每道工序所選擇的轉(zhuǎn)速旋轉(zhuǎn)。如果需要時也可以使主軸快速反轉(zhuǎn)。在單軸自動螺絲車床上，棒料的一段規(guī)定好的長度穿過主軸自動送到加工區(qū)。在這里，轉(zhuǎn)塔和橫向刀架進入加工位置并自動完成所需的任何加工工作。當加工好的零件被切斷后，棒料再次被送入加工區(qū)，并重復整個循環(huán)。Text & Translation多軸自動螺絲車床在主軸鼓周圍裝有48根主軸。在機床尾部支撐著的長棒料穿過這些空心的主軸，其他的刀具不工作。然而，在多軸自動車床上，主軸自己轉(zhuǎn)位。因此，幾根棒料被轉(zhuǎn)位到各個不同的端面加工

24、和側(cè)面加工的刀具位置處。每把刀具僅在一個位置工作，但是所有的刀具都能同時工作。因此，能夠在同一時間內(nèi)加工48個工件。Text & Translation5.立式轉(zhuǎn)塔車床立式轉(zhuǎn)塔車床基本上就是將其從床頭箱一端向下而豎立起來的一臺轉(zhuǎn)塔車床。它被設(shè)計用來完成各種的切削工作。它由一個轉(zhuǎn)塔，一個旋轉(zhuǎn)工作臺和一個側(cè)面溜板組成的。在側(cè)面溜板上裝有可以再安裝幾把刀具的正方形刀架。由安裝在轉(zhuǎn)塔或側(cè)面溜板上的任何刀具完成的加工工序都可通過使用擋塊來加以控制。Text & Translation6.加工中心當前，許多技術(shù)更為先進的車床叫做加工中心。因為，它們除了完成常規(guī)的車削工作之外，還可以完成某些銑削、鉆削工作。

25、加工中心基本上可以認為是轉(zhuǎn)塔車床和銑床的組合體。有時，制造廠商為了增加機床的多用性，還會增加一些其他的性能。Complex Sentence Analysis1 Engine lathes, of course, are general-purpose machines used in production and maintenance shops all over the world. 普通車床是全世界的生產(chǎn)車間和維修車間里廣泛使用的通用機床。 general-purpose：多方面的，多用途的 maintenance shops：維修車間Complex Sentence Analysis

26、2 One of the first adaptations of the engine lathe which made it more suitable to mass production was the addition of multi-tool turret in place of the tailstock. 對普通車床的早期改裝工作之一是增加一個可以安裝多把刀具的轉(zhuǎn)塔來代替尾座，使它能夠更好地適應大批量生產(chǎn)的需要。 first adaptations：早期改裝工作 in place of：代替，而不是Complex Sentence Analysis3 Screw machin

27、es are similar in construction to turret lathes, except that their heads are designed to hold and feed long bars of stock. 螺紋車床在結(jié)構(gòu)上與轉(zhuǎn)塔車床類似，不同之處是螺絲車床的主軸頭部能被設(shè)計用來夾持和送進長棒料。 in construction：介詞短語， 表示“在結(jié)構(gòu)上”。 except 在此為介詞，其后接的是由that引導的賓語從句，bar of stock和bar stock都指棒料。Complex Sentence Analysis4 Originally, the turret lathe was designed as a chucking lathe for machining small castings, forgings, and irregularly shaped workpieces.最初，為轉(zhuǎn)塔車床設(shè)計的用途和卡盤車床的用途一樣，也是用來加工小型鑄件、鍛件和形狀不規(guī)則的零件。