1、小學(xué)階段必備的英語語法知識點(diǎn),時態(tài),句型,常用詞大全1 .現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時表示正在發(fā)生的事情或進(jìn)行的動作,常與now,listen,look等詞連用,結(jié)構(gòu)是主語+be動詞(am,is,are)+動詞ing.如：Itisrainingnow.外面正在下雨Itissixoclocknow.現(xiàn)在6點(diǎn)了Myparentsarereadingnewspapersinthesittingroom.我父母正在客廳看報紙Look!Thechildrenarehavingarunningracenow.看！孩子們正在賽跑問句將be動詞移前,否認(rèn)句在be動詞后+not.2 .一般現(xiàn)在時表示經(jīng)常反復(fù)發(fā)生的事情或動作,常與

2、often,usually,sometimes,always,everyday(weekyear)onSundays等詞連用.結(jié)構(gòu)是主語+動詞原形；當(dāng)主語為第三人稱單數(shù)即he,she,it,Tom,mymother,theboy等詞時,動詞后加s或es.如：WehaveanEnglishlessoneveryday.我們每天都要上英語課Dotheboysrunfasterthanthegirls?Yes,theydo.男孩比女孩跑的快嗎是的問句借助于do,does否認(rèn)句借助于dont,doesnt,后面動詞一定要復(fù)原.3 .一般過去時表示發(fā)生在過去的事情或存在的狀態(tài),常與justnow;amo

3、mentago;ago;yesterday;last(week;month;year;Monday;weekend);thismorning等詞連用.結(jié)構(gòu)是主語+be動詞的過去式(was;were)或主語+動詞的過去式.注意：be動詞與動詞過去式不可同時使用.如：Myearphoneswereonthegroundjustnow.我的耳機(jī)剛剛還在呢.Wherewereyoulastweek?Iwasatacamp.你上個星期去哪了我去野營了Whatdidyoudoyesterday?Ivisitedafarm你昨天去干嘛了我去參觀農(nóng)場了.問句有be動詞將be動詞移前,沒有be動詞借助于did,

4、后面動詞復(fù)原；否認(rèn)句有be動詞在后面加not,沒有借助于didnt后面動詞復(fù)原.4 .一般將來時表示將要打算發(fā)生的事情或動作,常與tomorrow,nextweek(year;Tuesday),thisweek(weekend;evening;afternoon;)today等詞連用.結(jié)構(gòu)是主語+be(am,is,are)goingto+動原或主語+will+動原.如：Whatareyougoingtodotomorrow?Iamgoingtohaveapicnic.你明天要去干嘛我要去野餐.Thechildrearegoingtohaveasportsmeetingnextweek.孩子們下

5、個星期將參加運(yùn)動會.Tomwill/isgoingtoseeaplaywithhisfatherthisevening.Tom今晚將和父母去看演出問句將be動詞或will移前；否認(rèn)句在be動詞或will后加not.5 .情態(tài)動詞can;cant;should;shouldnt;must;may后定力口動詞原形.q如：Thegirlcantswim,butshecanskate.女孩不會游泳,但是會滑冰Donttalkinclass,youshouldlistentotheteachercarefully.不要再課上說話,你應(yīng)該認(rèn)真聽老師講.6 .祈使句肯定祈使句以動詞原形開頭；否認(rèn)祈使句以do

6、nt加動詞原形開頭.如：Opentheboxforme,please.請為我翻開盒子.LiuTao!Pleasegetupearliertomorrow.劉濤,明天請?jiān)琰c(diǎn)起床！Dontwalkonthegrass!不要在草地上走!Helen!Dontclimbthetree,please.海倫！不要爬樹.7 .go的用法去干嘛用go+動詞ing如：goswimming;gofishing;goskating;gocamping;gorunning;goskiing;gorowing8 .比擬than前用比擬級；asas之間用原級.如：Mymotheristwoyearsyoungerthanm

7、yfather.我媽比我爸年輕兩歲.LiuTaojumpsasfarasBen.劉濤跳得和本一樣遠(yuǎn).9 .喜歡做某事用like+動詞ing或like+to+動原.如：SuYanglikesgrowingflowers.蘇陽喜歡種花.ThechildrenliketoplaywithlanternsatSpringFestival.孩子們喜歡在春節(jié)去玩花燈.10 .想要做某事用wouldlike+to+動原或want+to+動原.History例：IdliketovisittheHistoryMuseum.=IwanttovisittheMuseum11 .some用于肯定句中,在否認(rèn)句和問句中

8、改為any,但當(dāng)表示委婉語氣時仍用如：CanIhavesomewritingpaper?Wouldyoulikesomeorangejuice?12 .代詞人稱代詞主格做主語用一般放在句首或動詞前,主格分別是Iyouhesheitweyouthey.賓格做賓語用,一般放在動詞或介詞后如：Openthemforme.Letus,joinme等.賓格分別是meyouhimheritusyouthem.形容詞性物主代詞放在名詞前,不能單獨(dú)使用,分別是myyourhisheritsouryourtheir名詞性物主代詞相當(dāng)于形物加名詞,它只能單獨(dú)使用后面不好加名詞,分別是mineyourshisher

9、sitsoursyourstheirs.13 .介詞介詞后要么不加動詞,加動詞只能加動詞ing形式如：begoodatrunning;dowellinjumping;14 .時間介詞季節(jié)前,月份前用介詞in如：insummer；inMarch具體的哪一天如星期幾,幾月幾日用介詞on如：onSaturday;onthesecondofApril;onWednesdaymorning在幾點(diǎn)鐘前用介詞at如：ataquartertofour;只在上下午晚上用in如：inthemorning/afternoon/evening;但在夜間用atnight.另：季節(jié),月份和星期前不好加the.15 .名詞

10、復(fù)數(shù)構(gòu)成的方法有規(guī)那么的有：(1)直接在名詞后加s如orangeoranges;photophotos;(2)以x,s,sh,ch結(jié)尾的加es如：boxboxes;glassglasses;waitresswaitresses;watchwatches;peach-peaches以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的改y為i加es如：studystudies；librarylibraries;hobbyhobbies;familyfamilies;(4)以f,fe結(jié)尾的改f,fe為v+es如：knifeknives;thiefthieves(注:以o結(jié)尾的我們學(xué)過的只有mango力口es,mangomangoe

11、s其余力口s,)不規(guī)那么的有：manmen;womanwomen;peoplepeople;childchildren16 .動詞第三人稱單數(shù)的構(gòu)成(1)直接在動詞后加s如：runruns;dancedances以s,sh,ch,o結(jié)尾白加es如：dodoes;gogoes;wash-washes;catch-catches以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的改y為i力口es如：studystudies;carrycarries;17 .現(xiàn)在分詞的構(gòu)成(1)直接在動詞后加ing如：singsinging;skiskiing;雙寫詞尾加ing如：swimswimming;jogjogging;run以不發(fā)音的e

12、結(jié)尾的去e加ing如：rideriding;dancedancing;make18 .規(guī)那么動詞過去式的構(gòu)成(1)直接在動詞后加ed如：cleancleaned;milkmilked;play(2)以e結(jié)尾的直接加drunning;making;played;如：dancedanced;tastetasted;(3)以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的改y為i加ed如：studystudied;carrycarried;(4)雙寫詞尾加ed如：stopstopped;jogjogged;had;gorunran;不規(guī)貝有：am,iswas;arewere;do,doesdid;have,haswent;mee

13、tmet;sitsat;seesaw;getgot;telltold;comecame;stealstole;readread;19 .形容詞副詞比擬級的構(gòu)成規(guī)那么的：(1)直接在形容詞或副詞后加er如；smallsmaller;lowlower;以e結(jié)尾白加r如：latelarer;雙寫詞尾加er如：bigbigger;thinthinner;fatfatter;(4)以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的改y為i加er如：heavy-heavier;early-earlier;不規(guī)那么的有：good,wellbetter(最高級為best);many,much-more(最高級為most);far-fart

14、her;20 .rain與snow的用法(1)作為名詞意思是雨水和雪是不可數(shù)名詞如：Thereisalotofrainthereinspring.那兒的春天有很多雨水.(2)作為動詞意思是下雨和下雪,有四種形式分別是：動詞原形rain,snow；第三人稱單數(shù)rains,snows;現(xiàn)在分詞raining；snowing過去式rained；snowed;如：Look!Itisrainingnow.瞧！天正在下雨. ItoftenrainsinNantonginsummer.南通夏天經(jīng)常下雨. Itrainedyesterday.昨天下了雨.明天要下雨 Itisgoingtoraintomorro

15、w.形容詞為rainy和snowy意思是有雨的和有雪的如：Itisoftenrainyhereinspring.這兒的春天經(jīng)常是有雨的.Ifitisrainytomorrow,Illstayathome.如果明天是有雨的,我將呆在家里.21 .比擬級注意只有同類事物才可進(jìn)行比擬.如：Myeyesarebiggerthanhers.Yourschoolbagisheavierthanmine.MycomputerisnicerthanNancys.Mybrotherisstrongerthanme.22 .have,has表示某人有has用于第三人稱單數(shù)；Thereis/are;Therewas

16、/were表示某地存在有注意Therebe句型的就近原那么單數(shù)或不可數(shù)用thereis/was;復(fù)數(shù)用thereare/were.眼鏡glasses;耳機(jī)earphones;鞋shoes;褲子trousers等詞本身是復(fù)數(shù).如：Myglasseswereonthechairjustnow.但如果表示這雙,這副,一雙的時候用單數(shù)如：Thereisapairofchopsticksontheplate.Thispairofearphonesisforyou.24 .五個元音字母分別是Aa,Ee,Ii,Oo,Uu25 .一個的用法a用于輔音前不是輔音字母前；an用于元音前不是元音字母前.,and如：

17、Thereisans,at,au,ad,ane,annatinthewordstudent.26 .時間表不法有兩種：(1)直接讀時鐘和分鐘.如6:10讀成sixten;7:30讀成seventhirty;8:45讀成eightforty-five;用to與past表示.在半小時包括半小時以內(nèi)用幾分past幾點(diǎn)如：6:10讀成tenpastsix;7:30讀成halfpastseven;過了半小時用下一個鐘點(diǎn)差幾分如7:45讀成aquartertoeight;9:50讀成tentoten;27 .基數(shù)詞變序數(shù)詞的方法基變序有規(guī)律,結(jié)尾加上th;一二三特殊例,結(jié)尾字母t、d(即first,sec

18、ond,third);八去t,九去e,ve要用f替(即eigheighth;nineninth;fivefifth;twelvetwelfth)；ty改y為ie后加th別忘記(即整十?dāng)?shù)如twentytwentieth；fortyfortieth);幾十幾十位為基個位為序(如第二H一為twenty-first).另外強(qiáng)調(diào)序數(shù)詞前一定要加the.28 .日期的表示法用the+序數(shù)詞+of+月如：三月三日thethirdofMarch;12月25日the25thofDecember.29 .both表示兩者都如：Myparentsarebothteachers.all表示三者以上都如：Thestud

19、entsareallveryexcited.30 .節(jié)日的表示法有day的節(jié)日前用on.沒有day的節(jié)日前用at,如：atChristmas;onChristmasDay;atNewYear;onNewYearsDay.31 .沖動興奮的excited表示沖動的,興奮地主語是人；exciting表示令人沖動的,令人興奮的主語是事情如：Therunningraceisveryexciting,soallthestudentsareveryexcited.賽跑非常令人沖動,因此所有的學(xué)生都很沖動.32 .比擬兩者比擬用比擬級,三者以上比擬用最高級如：Whorunsfaster,theboyorthegirl?Theboydoes誰跑得更快,男孩還是女孩男孩Whichseasondoyoulikebest?Ilikeautumnbest.你最喜歡哪個季節(jié)我最喜歡秋天.Whichseasondoyoulikebetter,summerorwinter?Ilikewinterbetter.你更喜歡哪個季節(jié),夏天還是