1、精品文檔名詞性從句思維導圖精品文檔-注意問題國從句都要用陳述語序（不倒裝）鵬判斷從句的種類劇除從句后主踴什么-判斷引導翊從句蚓導同是否缺什幺用蓋常是亂il段只用于此的賓語財 -0R13.超購的主曲賓陶定鶻 f施，充部怖邸L合同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別-0 what/ which/who/wh om/wh ose-Owlienf where/why/how Qwihat/ whatever/w hoever表一：主語從句表主 語 從 句(1)由連詞that引導的主語從句。That you will win the medal seems unlikely.你想狄得獎牌看起來是不口能的。That

2、she survived the accident is a miracle.她在事故中幸免于難簡直是奇跡(2)用連接代詞 或連接副詞 或 whether引導的主 語從句。Which of them escaped from the prison is still a mystery.他們哪一個是從監(jiān)獄里逃跑的，仍然是個謎。When they will come hasn t been made pubic.他們什么時候來還/、知道。Whether she is coming or not doesn t matter too much. 她來不來者B無關緊要。(3)用關系代詞引導的主語從句。

3、What you need is more practice.你所需要的是更多的訓練。Whoeve門s top from wins the game when two matched players meet. 兩強相爭勇者勝。Whatever we do is to serve the people.我們無論做什么者B是 為人民服務 。固 士 7E 用 法 和 譯 法(1) It is + 名詞+從句It is a fact that 事實是It is good news that是好消息It is a question that1Hs 問題 It is common knowledge t

4、hat是常識類似的名詞還啟：a pity; a wonder； a good thing; no wonder；surprise 等。It is a mystery to me how it all happened.這一切是怎么發(fā)生的是個謎。It is common knowledge that the whale is not a fish. 鯨魚不是魚,這是常識。It is no surprise that Bob should have won the game. 鮑勃會贏得這場比賽,這不足為奇。(2) It is + 形容詞+從句It is necessary that 有必要It

5、is clear that 很清楚It is likely that很可能It is important that 重要的是類似的形容詞還有：strange; natural; obvious; true; good; wonderful; possible; unlikely; quite; unusual; certain; evident; worth-while; surprising; interesting; astonishing, etc.It is obvious that conductors and insulators are both important in ind

6、ustry. 很明顯導體和 絕媒體 在工業(yè)中都很重要。It is doubtful whether she will be able to come.她是否能來令人懷疑。It is essential that he should be here by the weekend .周末之前，他應該到這里是必要的。It seems obvious that we can not go on like this.很明顯我們不能這樣下去了。表主 語 從 句固 士 7E 用 法 和 譯 法(3) It is + 過去分詞+從句It is said that 據說It is reported that 據

7、報道It has been proved that 已證明It must be proved that必須指出類似的過 去分詞還 有： known; estimated; expected; believed; thought; hoped; noted; discussed; required; decided; suggested; demanded; made clear; found out,etc.It is thought that he is the best player. 大豕都認為他是最好的選 手。It is used to be thought that a new st

8、ar must be due to a collision between two stars.過去一直認為新星是由于兩顆星星之間碰 撞產生的。It has not been made clear when the new road is to be opened to traffic.還沒弄清楚這條路將開始通車(4) It + /、及物 動詞+從句It seems that 好像是It happened that 碰巧It follows that由此可見It has turned out that 結果是類似的/、及物動詞 還有:seem, appear, occur, follow, h

9、appen, turn out, etc.It turned out that nobody remembered the address.結果是無人記得那個地址。It now appears that they are in urgent need of help.看起來他們急需幫助。It does not matter if I missed my train, because there is another later.沒有趕上這趟火車沒有美系，稍晚還什-趟。（當 及物動詞+賓語”較短時，也可用這種結構。）例如：It shocked me that Peter did not tell

10、 anybody where he was.讓我吃驚的是彼得沒有告訴任何人他在哪里。It does not interest me whether you go or not.我對你去不去不感興趣。It +某些固定結構+主語從句。例如：It doesn t make too much difference （It doesn t make any difference / It doesn t alter the, swhether it rains or not .卜不卜陶都沒有多大關系。It does not make any difference whether it rains or

11、not .卜/、卜兩沒什么分另1J。It does not make the least difference to me what you do.對我來說你做什么都無關緊要。Is it of much consequence to you that Mr. Wang has failed to do it ?生沒這件事對#W什么重要影響嗎？3.連接代詞 who, whom, whose, what, which ,連接副詞 when, where, why, how, 它們起連接作用，作句子成分，各有自己的意義。ituation表二：賓語從句表賓 語 從 句一、賓語從 句的連接詞1.連詞th

12、at,只起連接作用，在從句中不作句子成分，也無詞匯意義，在 口語中常被省略。eg. He knew (that)he should work hard.2.連詞if、whether,它們起連接作用，在從句中不作句子成分，作 是否“解，在口語中多用if。一般情況下，if和whether可以互換，但以下 3種情況只能用 whether:a.在/、定式前:Whether to go there or not hasnt been decided.b.在介詞前：It depends on （依靠）whethe門t is going to rain.c.與 or not 連用： They are tal

13、king about whether to go there or not.eg. Tom dont know if/whether his grandpa liked the present. He asked me whether or not I was coming.3.連接代詞 who, whom, whose, what, which ,連接副詞 when, where, why, how , 它們起連接作用，作句子成分，各有自己的意義。二、賓語從 句的語序陳述語序，即 連接詞+主語+謂語+其它成分”特別強調：它的主語和謂語的語序是陳述語序，而不是疑問句 的倒裝結構。Can you

14、 tell me who do we have to see? (X)Can you tell me who we have to see? ( MThe teacher asked the students what they were doing. ( 0陳述句變?yōu)橘e語從句時，要注意人稱和時態(tài)的變化，語序不變。eg. She said, “I will leave a message on the desk.”fShe said she would leave a message on the desk.一般疑問句和特殊疑問句變?yōu)橘e語從句時，也要注意人稱和時態(tài)的變化 ，后面接陳述語序。Eg

15、. ” Where are the tickets?” I asked him.fI asked him where the tickets are.三、時態(tài)呼 應。如果主句謂語是一般現(xiàn)在時或將來時，從句謂語的時態(tài)不受限制；如果主句謂語的時態(tài)是一般過去時，從句一般要隨著改為相應的過去時態(tài)（一般過去時、過去進行時、過去將來時、過去完成時）eg. I thought (that) you are free today. (X)I thought(that) you would be free today. ( -V)【注意】當賓語從句敘述的是客觀真理時，不管主句謂語的時態(tài)如何，從句都用一般現(xiàn)在時。

16、eg. The teacher told us (that) the earth moves around the sun.表賓 語 從 句1.賓語從句一般用陳述語氣，但是，當主句的謂語動詞為 advise, insist（堅決主張 ）,suggest（建議），require, request, order, ask（要求）等表示請求、命令、要求、主張意義的動詞時，從 句謂語要用虛擬語氣，即用should劫詞原形（should往可以省略）。she insisted that he (should) go there with her.她堅決要求他跟她去那兒。The doctor suggest

17、ed that she (should) take more exercise every day.醫(yī)生建議四、注意賓 語從句的語她每天多進行鍛煉。氣2.但當insist表小堅持說，suggest表小夠小、表明”，ask表示 問”時，賓語從句用陳述語氣He insisted that he didn t steal her watch!堅持說他沒有偷她的手表。His smile suggested that he did well in the interview. 他的微笑表明他面試得很好。3.動詞wish后的賓語從句也要用虛擬語氣，即從句謂語用 過去式（針對現(xiàn)在情況而言卜過去完成時（針對過

18、去情況而 言）或用“would/ should / could / might +動詞原形”針對將來 情況而后）。I wish I were a bird.我希望我是l只鳥。I wish we lived on the moon now.望我們現(xiàn)在月鳧上。五、注意賓語從句的否定問題當否定賓語從句時，一般直接對從句的謂語動詞 進行否定。I know that he won t tell a lie to us我知道他不會對我們說謊。He said he hadn t been to america beforfe說他以前沒后去過美國。但是，當主句的謂語動詞為think, believe, sup

19、pose, imagine等，右時態(tài)為一M現(xiàn)在時，謂語動詞前又沒有副詞修飾時， 賓語從句的否定應該轉移到主句的謂語動詞上。如：I don t think thate will cometo help us today.我想他今大/、會來幫我們的忙了。表三：表語從句定義在一個復合句中其表語部分是一個句子，這個當表語的句子就是表語從句。表語從句位于連系動詞之后。連系動詞1.be動詞2.感官動詞look看起來像是smell聞起來sound聽起來taste衰起來feel摸起來，給感覺seem,似乎，好像appear,顯得，看起來好像keep,保持的狀態(tài)remain,仍是stay保持（某種狀態(tài)）prov

20、e證明是“get變成，變得 起來”fall進入（某種狀態(tài)）3.表變化的詞grow漸漸變得起來，長得turn轉變成（新的與原來完全不同的色彩或性質），變質（色）go變成（某種壞的狀態(tài)）become變成，成為（好壞均可的情況）come變成為（已知的狀態(tài)）等表(1) that 和1. The fact is that he doesnt really try11 實是他沒后做真正的努力。二：whether 弓 IThat僅起連接作2. The question is whether the film is worth seeing. 問題是這部電影是否值得看。表導的表語用，無意義，語從句whethe

21、r意為是【注意】1.當主語是reason時，表語從句要用that引導而不用because從否”，在從句中也e.g. The reason why . he was 1ate was that he missed the train(線部分是定語從句 )句不充當任何成 分。3 . whether可引導表語從句，但與之同義的 if卻通常不用于引導表語從句。4 .主句的主語常常是些抽象名詞.如question（問題），trouble（麻煩），problem（問題），result（結果），chance（可能性），suggestion（建議），idea（想法），reason啰由）等.（2）連接代詞wha

22、t,1. That was what she did this morning on reaching the attic. 那就是她今晨上了閣樓干的事情。（what在復合句中連接主句跟從句，意思是事情，在從句中作賓語）which,2. That is what is called UFO.那個就是被叫做 UFO的東四。（what后為小西，仕從句中作主語）who,3. The dress is which I buy for my mom.這件禮服是我頭給我媽媽。（which思思是那件，在句子中作兵語。whom,4. The question is who （m） we should trus

23、t.問題是我們應當相/誰。（who思思是誰，那個人，在句子中作兵語）whose 等5. The girl is whose leggs got hurt during the earthiquake.那個女孩就是腳在地震中受傷的人。（whose意為什么人的，在從句中作定語）表表 語 從 句（3）連接 副詞連接副詞有 when,where,how, why 等1. That was when I was fifteen.這是我 15 歲時發(fā)生的事。2. That where I first met her.那就是我第L次遇見她的地方。3. The problem is how we can fi

24、nd him.問題是我們如何找到他。4. That why he didn t come就是他沒后來的緣故。（4）其他 連接詞以 及短語1)由 as if / as though引導as if / as though表示好像的思思，Now it was as though she had known Millie for years.現(xiàn)在好像她認識米莉已有好多年了似的。2）由 because, why引導的表語 從句Thats because he didnt understand me.那是因為他沒有理解我。（Thats because.強調原因）Thats why he got angry

25、 with me.那正是他對我生氣的原因。（Thats why.強調結果）what引導的主語從句表示結果或名詞reason作主語時，后面的表語從句表上原因時要用that引導，不宜用becauseThe reason why I was sad was that he didnt understand me.我難過的原因是他沒有理解我。注思1 .表語從句一定要用陳述語序。(X) The question is when can he arrive at the hotel.(-V)The question is when he can arrive at the hotel.2 .不可以用if,

26、而用whether連接表語從句(as if例外)。(X) The question is if the enemy is marching towards us.( Vj The question is whether the enemy is marching towards us.( Vj It looked as if he had understood this question.3 .不像賓語從句，在有表語從句的復合句中，上句時態(tài)和從句時態(tài)可以不一致。( Vj The question is who will travel with me to Beijing tomorrow.(

27、Vj The question js why he cried yesterday.4 . that在表語從句中不口以省掉。5 .使用虛擬語氣的表語從句在表7K建議、勸告、命令含義的名詞后的表語從句，謂語動詞需用should+動詞原形表不，should可省略。常見的詞有：advice, suggestion,order, proposal, plan, idea 等。e.g.: My suggestion is that we (should) start early tomorrow. 我的建議是我們明天 早就出發(fā)。表四：同位語從句定義同位語從句用于對前面的名詞作進一步解釋，說明名詞的具體內

28、容。代詞和連接副詞引導。同位語從句一般由that引導，但也可以由whether以及連接常放在 fact, news, idea, truth, hope, problem,promise, doubt, thought, message, words 消官 information, wish, answer, evidence,report, explanationsuggestion, conclusion,l have no idea when he will be back .我不知道他什么時候回來。He must answer the question whether he agree

29、s to it or not. 他必須回答他是否同意這樣個問題。We heard the news that our team had won.我們聽到消息說我們隊贏了。Have you any idea what time it starts?你知道什么時候開始嗎 ?possibility等抽象名詞后面，說明該名詞的It is a question how he did it.那是一個他如何做的問題。表 四 同 位 語 從 句具體內容?！咀⒁?在某些名詞(如demand, wish, suggestion, resolution等)后面的同位語從句 要用虛擬語氣should+動詞原形從屬無詞

30、義，在從句中不擔連任句子成分，有時可省引詞that略。導詞【注意】whether可引導同位語從句，但if不能引導同位語從句。They were faced with the demand that this tax be abolished.他們面對廢除這個稅的要求。They expressed the wish that she accept the award.他們表示希望她接受這筆獎金。The suggestion that the new rule be adopted came from the chairman.采納新規(guī)貝U的建議是主席提出的。主語從句It is important

31、 that we should learn English well.賓語從句He told us (that) he felt ill.The reason lies in that she works harder than the others do.表語從句The fact is that we have lost the game.同位語從句The news that we won the game is exciting.表 四 同 位 語 從 句引 導 詞從 屬 連 詞whether/ifas ifif/whether, as if 雖有詞 義，但在從句中不作句子成分。主語從句W

32、hether he will accept the invitation remains a secret.賓語從句Attitude determines whether/if people are successful and able to enjoy life. Everything depends on whether we have enough money.表語從句It looks as if it is going to rain.同位語從句He was tortured（折磨）by the doubt whether he would accept their presents

33、.連接代詞what whichwho whom whose有詞義，在從句中作成 分，如主語、表語、賓 語、定語等。主語從句Who will win the match is still unknown.賓語從句She wondered what he had done.表語從句That s juwthat I want.同位語從句The question who should do the work requires consideration.表五：考點梳理表五考占 八、梳理【考點一】 考查名詞 性從句的 引導詞J分二劃三看”三 步法分”即分清從句類型：即分清從句是哪一種名詞性從句（主語從句

34、、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句）匕劃”即劃分出從句三看”即看從句句意是否完整：1 .句意不完整一缺連接代詞：指人時，用 who, whoever （作主語）；whom, whomever （作賓語）；指物時，用 what, whatever （作主語、賓語）；which, whichever （作主語、賓語）。2 .句思兀整一缺連接副詞：指時間時，用 when;指地點時，用 where, wherever; 指原因時，用 why;指方式 時，用how。3 .句思元整一缺不作成分的連詞：有含義的用if, whether （是否）；無含義的用that?！究键c二】考查名詞性從句的在名詞性從句中，除

35、了關聯(lián)詞在從句句首外，其他部分應用陳述語序。而考生們往往使用疑問語序，特別是在以wh引導的名詞性從句中。克服這個問題的關鍵是要找準從句的主語。在試題的設置上會通過賓語從句、表語從句的語序來考查，尤箕是一些與特殊疑問句有關的賓語 從句或表語從句。表 五考占 八、 梳 理語序問題 These shoes look very good. I wonder.A. how much cost they areB. how much do they cost C. how much they costD. how much are they cost解析：選Co根據題干中的及物動詞wonder可知,how

36、 much引導賓語從句，而名詞性從句要用陳述語序，故排除疑問語序的B、D兩項;A項可 以改為 how much they cost 或 how much they are worth 。 故選 C 項。【考點三】考查賓語 從句中的否定轉移否te轉移主要針對兵語從句。在兵語從句中，當謂語動詞是think/believe/suppose/imagine/guess/expect/consider等表tk 認為、相/、猜測 思義的詞，并且主語是A人稱，時態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時，形式上是否定主句謂語動詞的否定詞，實際上否定的是賓語從句。在反意疑問句中，其中的附加問句要與從句保持一致，而且要把否te詞轉移到從句

37、中去。I don t believe he treated the child like that, did he? I m sure you d rather she went to school by bus,?A. hadn t you B. wouldn t you C. aren t I D. didn t she解析：選Bo題干中的be sure同believe,而且句子的主語是A人稱，時態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時，所以附加問句（反意疑問句）與從句保持一致。【考點四】 考查形式 主語、形式 賓語當主語從句較長，而謂語較短時，為了避免頭重腳輕”，常常將從句后置，而用 it作形式主語，置于句首。動

38、詞后接復合賓語，也可用it作形式兵語。不能用 this或that來代替it。It is a pity that he can t attend the party.We consider it necessary that he should improve his grammar.（that 不可 以省略 ）is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.A. ThereB. ThisC. ThatD. It解析：選D。分析題十可知，it作形式主語，代替真正的主語that從句?！究键c五】 考查名詞 性

39、從句中 虛擬語氣 的運用（1）主語從句、兵語從句、向位語從句和表語從句都會涉及到虛擬語氣，一些表示建議、要求、命令的動詞，如insist （堅持）/suggest （建議）/order （命令）/request （要求、請求）/require （要求）/recommend（建議）/urge（催促，力勸）等后的兵語從句中的謂語動詞要用虛擬語氣， 即“should+do（動詞原形）”，其中的should可以省略。對應的名詞作主語跟表語從句，或對應的名詞跟同位語從句，也要用虛擬語氣。但是如果有其他意義則例外，如 suggest表示 暗示”時，所跟的賓語從句就用陳述語氣。The teacher sug

40、gested that we （should） have a rest.It is suggested that he should adapt himself to new conditions.My suggestion that he should adapt himself to new conditions hasn t been accepted.My suggestion is that we （should） read English newspapers to improve our English.（2）主語從句中的某些句型，如 It s necessary/essenti

41、al/strange/apity/a shame/no wondert s （high） time that等句型中也常用虛擬語氣，構成形 式也是should動詞原形”。It is necessary that we should master a foreign language.It is high time that the children should go to school.（should 小 口以省略）表六：難點表六難占八、【難點一】that的省略 問題【難點二】whether 與 if用一個恰當?shù)脑~完成下列句子，使之完整、正確I believe you have done y

42、our best and things will get better .解析：that在引導主語從句、表語從句和同位從句時，一般不省略。在引導賓語從句時，that可以省略。當由兩個that引導的從句作同一個動詞的賓語時，第二個 that不可省。故第一個空可填that,也可不填；第二空填that。下列情況that不可省略： 當 that 作介詞賓語時，that 不可省他各。The reason lies in that she works harder than the others do. 當賓語從句被 it 替代日that 不可省略。She has made it clear that s

43、he will have nothing to do with the decision.當that引導的賓語從句中的狀語緊靠that時，或that從句中含有主從復合句時，that不可省略。I m sure that if you ve lost it, you must pay for it. 有插入語或其他成分把賓語從句和主句分開時，that不可省他He thinks, I m afraid, that he is always right. 當that引導的賓語從句的主語是非謂語動詞或主語從句時，that不可省略。They said that rubbing the girl s leg

44、 might help. 從句的主語是 that 時，that 不可省略。She says that that is a real gold ring.用一個恰當?shù)脑~完成下列句子，使之完整、正確 The question he will go or not has not been decided. Please let me know you want to go.解析：whether可以引導主語從句、表語從句、同位語從句，而if不可以。在引導賓語從句時whether可以與or not直接連用，或是作介詞賓語，但是if不可以。所以第題填whether;第題填whether或if皆可。只能使用

45、whether的情形如下： 主語從句、同位語從句、表語從句中只能用whethero.Whether he will succeed is still unknown . 2.The question is whether it will rain. 介詞后的賓語從句中只用whethero That depends on whether they will come by bus. 后面直接跟動詞不定式時只用whethero He doesn t know whether to stay or not. 賓語從句中既可用 whether也可用if引導，但是若后面緊接or not時，只能用whet

46、heroWe didn t know whether or not she was ready.【即學即練】 Elephants have their own way to tell the shape of an object and it is rough or smooth.A. /B. whetherC. howD. what解析：選Bo根據前面的動詞tell可知,and連接兩個并列賓語，所以后面是賓語從句，由從句中or可知答案。表六難占八、【難點三】that 與 what用一個恰當?shù)脑~完成下列句子，使之完整、正確 My opinion iseveryone of us takes o

47、ut $5 for Jane s birthday present. she said puzzled him.解析：that與what引導名詞性從句的根本區(qū)別在于that在所引導的名詞性從句中不作任何成分，只起連接作用；what在所引導的從句中可以作主語、賓語、表語、定語等成分。所以第題填that;第題填 What。單項填空 One advantage of playing the guitar isit can give you a great deal of pleasure.A. howB. why C. thatD. when解析：選Co從句表達的就是 one advantage的具

48、體內容，is后是表語從句，從句中的成分完整，所以所填引導詞不作任何成分，故選C。 matters most in learning English is enough practice.A. What B. WhyC. WhereD. Which解析：選Ao從題干的is看出前面是土語從句，從句中沒有土語，所以用連接代詞what。B、C兩項是連接副詞，在從句中作狀語，故排除?！倦y點四】wh-ever 與 no matter wh-用一個恰當?shù)脑~完成卜列句子，使之完整、正確 wants to see this film can go with us tonight. cold it is, I will go to school.解析：疑問詞+ever與no matter+疑問詞的區(qū)別是：前者既可以引導名詞性從句，也可引導讓步狀語從句，而后者只能引導讓步狀語從句。第題空白處引導主語從句，須填wh