1、一、神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)解剖生理單詞音標(biāo)diaphragma sallae ?da?fr?ms :ldorsal thalamus ?d?:rsl '?l ?m?sbrachial plexus'bre?k?rl?pl ?ks?slimbic system'l?mb?k's?st ?mlimbic lobe'l?mb?klob fasciculus gracilisf ?'s ?kj ?l ?s'gr?s ?l ?sgracicle nucleus'gr?s?l'nju?kl ?slateral ventricle'l?t?r

2、 ?l?v?ntr?k?lterochlear nucleus'tr?kl ?rulnar nerve' ?ln ?n?:rvcerebrums ?ri:br?mCerebal arterials ?'ribr?lcircle r ?t ?ri ?l?s?:rklposteriorp :?st ?ri?cerebral arterys ?ri:br?l?:rt?riinternal ?n?t ?:rnlvencerebral veinscerebral cortex ?k?:rteks.釋義鞍膈背側(cè)丘腦臂叢邊緣系統(tǒng)邊緣葉薄束薄束核側(cè)腦室車神經(jīng)核尺神經(jīng)大腦，腦組織大腦動脈

3、環(huán)大腦后動脈大腦內(nèi)靜脈大腦皮質(zhì);.anterior?n ?t ?ri ?(r)大腦前動脈cerebral arterycerebrocerebellum'ser ?bro ?ser ?'bel ?m大腦小腦middle cerebral artery?midl大腦中動脈insula' ?nsj ?l ?島葉subthalamuss ?b' ?le ?m?s底丘腦sacral plexus'se ?kr ?l?pl ?ks?s骶叢third ventricle ?v?ntr?k?l第三腦室fourth ventricle第四腦室ectospinal tra

4、cttek't?spnltr?kt頂蓋脊髓束pretectal areapri:'tekt?l頂蓋前區(qū)parietal lobep ?'ra?t ?llo ?b頂葉oculomotor nucleus ?kj ?l ?'mo?t ?動眼神經(jīng)accessory nucleusof ?k ?s?s?ri動眼神經(jīng)副核oculomotor ?kj ?l ?'mo?t ?oculomotor nucleus動眼神經(jīng)核lentiform nucleus'lent?f ?:m豆?fàn)詈藅elencephalon ?telen'sef?l ?n端腦front

5、al lobe ?fr ?ntl:額葉parasympathetic nerve ?p?r ?s?mp?' et ?k副交感神經(jīng)accessory nerve?k ?s?s?ri副神經(jīng)accessory nueleus副神經(jīng)核;.radiculomedullaryr?d ?kj ?l ?m?d' ?l ?r ?根髓動脈femoral nerve'fem ?r ?l股神經(jīng)chorda tympani'k ?:d ?'t ?mp?n?鼓索hippocampal formation ?h?p?'k?mp?l海馬結(jié)構(gòu)parahippocampal gyr

6、usp :r :?'po ?k?mp?l海馬旁回'd ?a?r ?scavernous sinus ?k?v?rn ?s ?sa?n?s海綿竇Substantia nigras ?b'st?n ?r 'n ?gr?黑質(zhì)Red nucleus紅核Rubrospinal tractrju:b'r ?spnltr?kt紅核脊髓束Posteriorp :?st?ri?后交通動脈communicating arterymetathalamus ?met?' ?l ?m?s后丘腦Posterior funiculusfju:'n ?kj?l?s后索T

7、rochlear nerve'tr ?kl ?r滑車神經(jīng)Basilar sinus'b?s ?l ? ?sa?n?s基底竇Basilar artery基底動脈Basal nuclei?bes?l, -z ?l基底核Spinal nerve?spa?n?l脊神經(jīng)Posterior脊髓后動脈Spinal arteryAnterior Spinal artery脊髓前動脈;.Spinothalamic tractspa ?n?'l?mi:k脊髓丘腦束spinocerebellumspa?no?s?r'bel ?m脊髓小腦Posteriorspa?no?s?r'

8、bel ?脊髓小腦后束spinocerebellar tractAnterior脊髓小腦前束spinocerebellar tractdiencephalon?da?en'sef ?l?n間腦Sympathetic trunk ?s?mp?t ?ktr ?k交感干Sympathetic nerve交感神經(jīng)Cervical plexus ?s?:rv ?kl頸叢Interinalk?'r?t?d頸內(nèi)動脈carotid arteryCervical enlargement ?n?l :rd ?m?nt頸膨大Tibial nerve't ?b?rl脛神經(jīng)paleocerebe

9、llunpe?'li:o?ser?'bel?m舊小腦Commissural fibersk ?'m?r ?l 'fa?b?連合纖維Association fibers?so?i?e?n聯(lián)絡(luò)纖維Cauda equina'ka?d?馬尾Vagus nerve've?g?s迷走神經(jīng)Dorsal nucleus of Vagus?d?:rsl迷走神經(jīng)背核nerveFacial nerve?fe?l面神經(jīng);.nucleusof Facial nerve面神經(jīng)核Brain stembrenst ?m腦干Reticular formation ofr?'

10、;t?kj?l?f?:r?me?n腦干網(wǎng)狀結(jié)構(gòu)the brain stemCerebral?spa ?n?l?flu?d腦脊液spinal fluid (CSF)Meningeal sinusm?'n?nd?rl?sa?n?s腦膜竇ponspnz腦橋Cerebral?'r? kn?d腦蛛網(wǎng)膜arachnoid materMedial lemniscus?mi:di?llem'n ?sk?s內(nèi)側(cè)丘系Medial geniculate bodyd?'n?kj?l?t內(nèi)側(cè)膝狀體Mediallongitudinal?l :nd?tu:dnlf?'s?kj?l 內(nèi)

11、側(cè)縱束fasciculus?sInternal capsule?k? psul內(nèi)囊Visceral motor nerve?v?s?r?l?mo?t?(r)內(nèi)臟運動神經(jīng)Temporal lobe?temp ?r?l額葉Corticonuclear tractk?:t?k?nu:kli ?(r)皮質(zhì)核束Corticospinal tractk?:t?'k?sp?nl皮質(zhì)脊髓束Corpus callosum?k?:rp?sk :'lo ?s?m胼胝體claustrum'kl?:str?m屏狀核Anterior funiculusfju:'n ?kj?l?s前索;.V

12、estibular nerveves't ?bj?l?前庭神經(jīng)Vestibulospinal tractvest?bj?lo?'spa?n?l前庭脊髓束Vestibular nuclei前庭神經(jīng)核Vestibulocochlear'vest ?bj?lo?ko?kl?r?r前庭蝸神經(jīng)nerveVestibulocerebellumvest?bj?lo?s?r'bel ?m前庭小腦Commissure of fornix'k?m?r'f ?:n?ks穹窿連和thalamus' ? l?m?s丘腦Radial nerve?redi ?l橈神經(jīng)

13、Flocculonodular lobefl?kj?lo?'n?dj?l?(r)絨球小結(jié)葉Pia mater?pa?, ?pi?軟腦膜Trigeminal lemniscustra?'d?em?nl三叉丘系lem'n ?sk?sTrigeminal nerve三叉神經(jīng)Motor nucleus?mo?t?(r)三叉神經(jīng)運動核of Trigeminal nerveMesencephalic nucleusmesens 'f? l?k三叉神經(jīng)中腦核of Trigeminal nerveSuperior olivary'?l?ver?上橄欖核nucleusMa

14、xillary nervem? k's?l?r?上頜神經(jīng)epithalamusep?'? l?m?s上丘腦;.Ascending reticular?s?nd?r?'t?kj?l?上行網(wǎng)狀激動系統(tǒng)activating system ，ARAS? kt?vetHypoglossal nerve?ha?p?'gl ?s?l舌下神經(jīng)Hypoglossal nucleus舌下神經(jīng)核Glossopharyngeal nerve?gl?so?f?'r?nd?rl舌咽神經(jīng)Optic chiasma?:pt?kka '? zm?視交叉Supraoptic nuc

15、leussju:pr ?'?pt?k視上核Optic nerve視神經(jīng)Paraventricular nucleusp:r?vent'r ?kj?l?視旁核Pineal bodypa?ni:?l松果體Projection fiberspr?d?k?n投射纖維Lateral lemniscus?l? t?r?l外側(cè)丘系Lateral funiculusfju:'n ?kj?l?s外側(cè)索Lateral geniculate bodyd?'n?kj?l?t外側(cè)膝狀體Reticulospinal tractr?'t?kj?l?spa?n?l網(wǎng)狀脊髓束Caudat

16、e nucleus'k?:de?t尾狀核Corpus striatum?k?:rp?sstr' ?e?t?m紋狀體Cochlear nerve'k?kl?r蝸神經(jīng)Cochlear nuclei蝸神經(jīng)核Infeiior olivary nucleus?n?f?ri?(r)' ?l?ver?下橄欖核Mandibular nervem? n'd?bj?l?下頜神經(jīng)hypothalamus?ha?po ? l?m?s下丘腦;.cerebellumser?'bel ?小腦Cerebellar hemisphere?ser?'bel ?m?hem?s

17、f?r小腦半球Tonsil of cerebellum?t:nsl小腦扁桃體Cerebellar nuclei小腦核Cerebellar cortex?k?:rteks小腦皮質(zhì)vermis'v?:m?s小腦蚓Fasciculus cuneatusf?'s?kj?l?s楔束Cuneate nucleus'kju:n ?t楔束核neocerebellum'ni?,ser?'bel ?m新小腦Amygdaloid body?'m?gd?l?d杏仁體Olfactory brain:l?f? kt?ri嗅腦Olfactory nerve嗅神經(jīng)Medulla

18、 oblongatam?'d?l?bl?':t?延髓Ophthalmic nerve眼神經(jīng)Lumbar plexus?l?mb?(r)?pl?ks?s腰叢Lunbosacral'l?mbo ?se?kr?l腰骶膨大enlargementAxillary nerve? ks?l?r?腋神經(jīng)Saphenous nerves?'fi:n ?s隱神經(jīng)Cerebral dura mater'dj?r?硬腦膜archicerebellum?:rk?ser?'bel ?m原小腦Abducent nerve? b'dju:s ?nt展神經(jīng);.Abduce

19、ns nucleus? b'dju:s ?nz展神經(jīng)核Occipital lobe?k's?p?t?l枕葉Median nerve正中神經(jīng)mesencephalon?mesen'sef ?l?n中腦Central canal?s?ntr?lk?n? l中央管Postcentral gyruspo?st'sentr ?l'd ?a?r?s中央后回Precentral gyrusp'r?sentr ?l中央前回Vertebral artery?v?:tibr?l椎動脈Pyramidal tract'p?r?m?dl錐體束Autonomic b

20、erve?:t?'n?m?k自主神經(jīng)Sciatic nervesa? t?k坐骨神經(jīng)二、腦水腫、腦疝、腦死亡brain edema ?'di:m?腦水腫Intracranial pressure， ?ntr ?'kre ?n?rl顱內(nèi)壓ICP ?pr ?ionic brain edemaa ?:n ?k離子性腦水腫Hydrocephalicha ?dro ?se'f?l ?k腦積水性腦水腫brain edemaBrain hernia ?h?:rni?腦疝Cerebral deathd ?腦死亡Ischemic ?s'ki:m?k缺血性腦水腫cerebr

21、al edema;.Osmotic brain edema ?z'm?t ?k滲透壓性腦水腫papilledemap?p ?l ?'di:m?視乳頭水腫Water channel protein， ?pro ?ti:n水通道蛋白aquaporin ， AQP'?kw ?p?r ?nCytotoxic brain edemasa ?t ?'t ?ks?k細胞毒性腦水中Vasogenic brain edema血管源性腦水腫Subfalcial herniations ?b'f?s ?rl大腦鐮下疝 ?h?:n ?'e ?nTranstentoria

22、l小腦幕切跡疝herniationUpward Transtentorial ?pw?rd小腦幕切跡上升疝herniation三、神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)查體Proprioceptive ?pro ?pr ?r'sept?v本體感覺sensationss?n?se?nPatellar clonusp ?'tel ?'kl?n?s髕陣攣Brudzinski sign布魯金斯基征gaits et步態(tài)Tactile ?t?ktl觸覺Cluster headache ，CH ?kl ?st ? ?h?d?ek叢集性頭痛Hemicrania ?hem?'kre ?n?r偏頭痛Hemicr

23、ania simplex's ?mpleks單純性偏頭痛;.Hemicrania epilepsia'ep?leps ?r癲癇性偏頭痛orientation ?:ri?n?te ?n定向力Light reflexes ?ri ?fl ?ks對光反射Sweat testsw?t發(fā)汗試驗Episodic ?ep?s:d ?k ?t ?n?n發(fā)作性緊張性頭痛tension headachereflexes ?ri ?fl ?ks反射Beat-back testbit反擊征試驗Near reactionn ?r輻輳反射Combined sensationk ?m?ba?nds ?n?s

24、e?n復(fù)合感覺Abdominal reflex?b ?d:m?nl腹壁反射Sensory conduction ?s?ns?rik?n?d?k?n感覺神經(jīng)傳導(dǎo)速度Velocity ，SCVv ?l :s ?tiSensory system感覺系統(tǒng)Sensory aura ?r ?感覺先兆Gait of sensory ?t?ksi ?感覺性共濟失調(diào)性步態(tài)ataxiasensory aphasia ?fe ?感覺性失語Anal reflex'enl肛門反射Gowers maneuverm?nuv?, -?nju-高娃試驗Achilles reflex ?k?liz跟反射;.Heel-to

25、-shin testhil ?n跟膝脛反射Biceps reflex ?ba?s?ps肱二頭肌反射Triceps reflex ?tra ?s?ps肱三頭肌反射ataxia ?t?ksi?共濟失調(diào)Ataxic gaits ?'t?ks?k共濟失調(diào)步態(tài)coordinationko ?:rd ?ne?n共濟運動dysarthriad ?s' :ri:?構(gòu)音障礙Ankle clonus ?k?l踝陣攣Circumduction gait ?s?k?m'd?k?n環(huán)行步態(tài)coma ?ko?m?昏迷stupor ?stu:p ?(r)昏睡狀態(tài)Marital history &am

26、p; ?m?r?tl?m?nstru ?l婚育史與月經(jīng)史Menstrual historyDystrophic gaitd ?'stro?f ?k肌營養(yǎng)不良步態(tài)Muscle tone ?m?s?lto?n肌張力Basilar artery基底動脈偏頭痛migraineImmediate recall ?midi ?tr?k?l即刻記憶calculation?k?lkj?le?n計算力memory?m?m?ri記憶力History of past illness?ln?s既往史Secondary headache?sek ?nderi繼發(fā)性頭痛;.Familial hemiplegicf

27、?m?lj?lhe'm ?pli:d?k家族性偏癱性偏頭痛Migraine ，F(xiàn)HM?ma?gre?nConsensual lightk?n'sen ?rl間接對光反射reflexScissors gait?s?z?rz剪刀步態(tài)Corneal reflex'k?:n?rl角膜反射Tension headache?t?n?n緊張性頭痛Recent memory?ris?nt近記憶Neck-tongue syndromen?kt?頸 - 舌綜合征Spastic gaits?sp? st?k痙攣步態(tài)Resting tremors'rest ?tr?m?靜止性震顫Spa

28、stic paralysisp?r? l?s?s痙攣性癱瘓Giant cell arteritis?d?a?nt':t?ra?t?s巨細胞動脈炎Kernig sign克尼格征Steppage gait?st :p?d?跨閾步態(tài)Supraorbital neuralgia?su:pr ?'?:b?t?l眶上神經(jīng)痛n?r? ld?Cortical spreadingd?pr?n擴散性大腦皮質(zhì)抑制depressionBenign paroxysmalb?na ?n?p? r?k's?zm?l良性發(fā)作性眩暈vertigo?v?:rt?go?Two-pointd?skr?m?ne

29、?n兩點辨別覺;.discriminationRomberg sign羅姆伯格征Twilight state?twa ?la?t朦朧狀態(tài)Nominal aphasia?n:m?nl命名性失語Meningeal irritationm?'n?nd?rl?r?te?n腦膜刺激征Cerebrovascular?ser?bro?'v? skj?l?腦血管病diseaseTorsion spasm?t?:r?n?sp? z?m扭轉(zhuǎn)痙攣Snout reflexsna?t努嘴反射dermatographiad?:m?t?'gr? f?r皮膚劃痕癥hemiballismushem b?

30、 'l?zm?s偏身投擲Migraine equivalent?kw?v?l?nt偏頭痛等位癥syndromesSuperficial reflex?su:p ?r?f?l淺反射Superficial sensation淺感覺Grasp reflexgr? sp強握反射Tactile sensation?t? ktl輕觸覺Decerebrate rigiditydi:'ser ?bre ?tr?d?d?ti去皮質(zhì)強直Brachiradialis reflexbre?t?r're?d?rl?s橈骨膜反射Deep reflex深反射Deep sensation深感覺Phys

31、iological reflexes?f?zi?ld?k?l生理反射;.baragnosisb? r? n'o?s?s失辯重能dyslexiad?s?l?ksi?失讀癥Agraphia?'r? f?r失寫癥stereognosis?ster ?g'no ?s?s實體覺astereognosis? s'teri:o ?no?s?s實體覺缺失Visualaura?v?u?l?r?視覺先兆Visualacuity?kju?ti視敏度Visualfieldsfild視野somnolence's:mn?l?ns嗜睡狀態(tài)athetosis?'eeto?s?s

32、手足徐動Pilomotor responsepa?lo?'mo ?t?r?sp:ns豎毛反應(yīng)Accommodation reflex?k:m?de?n調(diào)節(jié)反射Cremasteric reflexk'rem :st?r?k提睪反射Postural tests?p:st?r?l體位性試驗mydriasism?'dra?s?s瞳孔散大mioticma?'?t?k瞳孔縮小Painful?penf ?l痛性眼肌麻痹ophthalmoplegia?f? ? lm?'pli:d ?rheadache頭痛dizziness?d?z?n?s頭暈graphesthesiar:fes'e i:z?r圖形覺graphanesthesiar? fe ?'nesi:z?r圖形覺缺失;.Temperature sensation?tempr?t?(r)溫度覺Migraine without aura，無先兆偏頭痛MOChoreic movementsk?:'ri:?k'mu:vm ?nts舞蹈樣運動Suck reflexs?k吸吮反射Patellar reflex