1、此文檔僅供收集于網(wǎng)絡(luò)，如有侵權(quán)請聯(lián)系網(wǎng)站刪除代 詞【是什么】1. 人稱代詞主格、賓格形式及其主要用法；2. 名詞性物主代詞與形容詞性物主代詞的形式、區(qū)別及其主要用法；3 反身代詞的形式、意義及其主要用法；4 常見不定代詞的一般用法；5. 指示代詞的一般用法，并了解其在上下文中的指代用法；6. 相互代詞的基本用法；7. 疑問代詞的基本用法。8. 關(guān)系代詞的基本用法?！局R點】代詞是代替名詞、形容詞和數(shù)詞的詞。按其意義、特征及其在句中的作用分為：人稱代詞、物主代詞、指示代詞、反身代詞、相互代詞、疑問代詞、不定代詞和關(guān)系代詞等。一 . 人稱代詞1.人稱代詞的人稱、數(shù)和格，如下表所示。主格賓格第一單數(shù)

2、I 我me 我人稱復(fù)數(shù)we我們us我們第二單數(shù)you你you你人稱復(fù)數(shù)you你們you 你們第單he他him 他三數(shù)she她her 她人it它it 它稱復(fù)they 他們、them 他們、數(shù)她們、它們她們、它們2.人稱代詞有主格和賓格之分。通常主格作主語，賓格作賓語。如：I like table tennis.（作主語）Do you know him? （作賓語）3.人稱代詞還可作表語。作表語時用賓格。如：-Whos is knocking at the door?- It sme.4.人稱代詞在than 之后與其他人或事物進(jìn)行比較時，用主格和賓格都可以。如：He is older than m

3、e.He is older than I am.二 . 物主代詞1.表示所有關(guān)系的代詞叫物主代詞。物主代詞分形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞，如下表所示。物主代詞形容詞型名詞型第一人稱mymine單數(shù)youryours第二人稱只供學(xué)習(xí)與交流此文檔僅供收集于網(wǎng)絡(luò)，如有侵權(quán)請聯(lián)系網(wǎng)站刪除hishis第三人稱herhersitsits第一人稱ourours復(fù)數(shù)第二人稱youryours第三人稱theirtheirs2. 形容詞性物主代詞的作用相當(dāng)于形容詞，可在句中作定語。例如：Our teacher is coming to see us.This is her pencil-box.3. 名詞性物

4、主代詞的作用相當(dāng)于名詞，在句中可用作主語、賓語和表語。Our school is here, and theirs is there. （作主語）- Is this English-book yours? （作表語）- No. Mine is in my bag.I've already finished my homework. Have you finished yours?（作賓語）三. 指示代詞指示代詞包括：this，that ， these， those 。1. this 和 these 一般用來指在時間或空間上較近的事物或人，that 和 those則指時間和空間上較遠(yuǎn)的事

5、物或人，例如：This is a pen and that is a pencil We are busy these days In those days the workers had a hard time 2. 有時 that 和 those 指前面講到過的事物，this 和 these 則是指下面將要講到的事物，例如：I had a cold. That's why I didn't come.What I want to say is this ; pronunciation is very important in learning English3. 有時為了避

6、免重復(fù)提到的名詞，?？捎胻hat 或 those 代替，例如：Television sets made in Beijing are just as good as those made in Shanghai 4. this在電話用語中代表自己，that 則代表對方。例如：Hello! This is Mary. Is that Jack speaking?四. 反身代詞英語中用來表示" 我自己 "， "你自己 "， "他自己 "， "我們自己 "， "你們自己 "等意義的代詞稱為反身代詞，也

7、有人稱之為自身代名詞，其形式如表所示。反身代詞第一人稱myself第二人稱yourself單數(shù)himself第三人稱herselfitself第一人稱ourselves復(fù)數(shù)第二人稱yuorselves第三人稱themselves只供學(xué)習(xí)與交流此文檔僅供收集于網(wǎng)絡(luò)，如有侵權(quán)請聯(lián)系網(wǎng)站刪除反身代詞可以在句中作賓語，表語，同位語。1. 作賓語，表示動作的承受者就是動作的發(fā)出者，主語和賓語指同一個人或一些人。He called himself a writer Would you please express yourself in English?2. 作表語。It doesn't matt

8、er I'll be myself soon The girl in the news is myself 3. 作主語或賓語的同位語，表示親自或本人。I myself washed the clothes （ =I washed the clothes myself. ）（作主語同位語）You should ask the teacher himself （作賓語同位語）五 . 不定代詞不是指明代替任何特定名詞的代詞叫做不定代詞，在句中可作主語、表語、賓語和定語?，F(xiàn)將幾個常用的不定代詞舉例說明如下：1. some 與 any 的區(qū)別1） some 多用于肯定句，表示“一些，幾個”作形

9、容詞時，后面可以接不可數(shù)名詞+單數(shù)動詞；可數(shù)名詞+復(fù)數(shù)動詞。Look! Some of the students are cleaning the library. Some rice in the bag has been sold out.2）any 多用于疑問句、條件句和否定句中，表示“一些，任何”用作形容詞時，后面可以接不可數(shù)名詞 +單數(shù)動詞；可數(shù)名詞 +復(fù)數(shù)動詞。If you have any questions, please ask me.There isn't any orange in the bottle.Have you got any tea?3）any 和 s

10、ome 也可以作代詞用，表示“一些”。any 多用于疑問句或否定句中，some多用于肯定句中。How many people can you see in the picture?I can't see any.If you have no money, I'll lend you some.注意：與some, any 結(jié)合的詞如something, somebody, someone, anything, anyone,anybody 在肯定句、 否定句、 疑問句、 條件句中的用法，大致和 some, any 的用法相同。2. few, a few, little, a li

11、ttle在用法上的區(qū)別1）用作形容詞：含義表示肯定表示否定用法用于可數(shù)名詞a few 雖少，但有幾個few 不多，幾乎沒有用于不可數(shù)名詞a little ，雖少，但有一點little 不多，沒有什么I'm going to buy a few apples.He can speak only a little Chinese.There is only a little milk in the glass.He has few friends.They had little money with them.2） a little 和 little 也可以用作副詞，a little 表示

12、“有點，稍微”，little 表示“很少”。只供學(xué)習(xí)與交流此文檔僅供收集于網(wǎng)絡(luò)，如有侵權(quán)請聯(lián)系網(wǎng)站刪除I'm a little hungry. ( 修飾形容詞hungry)Let him sleep a little. ( 修飾動詞sleep)Mary, go a little faster, please. ( 修飾副詞比較級)She slept very little last night.3. other, the other, another, others, the others 的區(qū)別。用法代名詞形容詞單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)不定anotherothersanother (boy)

13、other (boys)另一個別人，其他人另一個（男孩）其他男孩特定the otherthe othersthe other (boy)the other (boys)另一個其余那些人、物另一個男孩其余那些男孩1） other 可以作形容詞用，后面可以跟單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)名詞，意思是“其他的、別的”。Where are his other books?I haven't any other books except this one.2） other 也可以用作代詞，與冠詞 the 連用構(gòu)成“ the other”，表示兩個人或物中的“另一個”。常與 one 搭配構(gòu)成“ one ., the

14、other .”句型。He has two brothers. One is 10 years old , the other is 5 years old.She held a ruler in one hand and an exercise-book in the other.3）other 作代詞用時，可以有復(fù)數(shù)“others”，泛指“另外的人或物”。常與some 搭配構(gòu)成“ some ., others .”句型。Some went to the cinema, others went swimming.This coat is too large. Show me some oth

15、ers, please.4）“ the others”表示特指某范圍內(nèi)的“其他的人或物”。We got home by 4 o'clock, but the others didn't get back until 8 o'clock.In our class only Tom is English, the others are Chinese.5） another 可以作形容詞用，修飾后面的名詞，意為“另一個”，還可以跟代詞one.You can see another ship in the sea, can't you?Mary doesn't

16、want to buy this skirt. Would you please show her another one?6） another 也可以作代詞用，表示“另一個”。I'm still hungry after I've had this cake. Please give me another.4. every 與 each 的區(qū)別。eachevery1)可單獨使用1)不可單獨使用2)可做代名詞、形容詞2)僅作形容詞3)著重“個別”3)著重“全體”，毫無例外4)用于兩者或兩者以上中的每4)用于三者或三者以上每一個人或物一個人或物The teacher gave a

17、 toy to each child.Each ball has a different colour.只供學(xué)習(xí)與交流此文檔僅供收集于網(wǎng)絡(luò)，如有侵權(quán)請聯(lián)系網(wǎng)站刪除當(dāng)我們說each child, each student 或 each teacher時，我們想到的是一個人的情況。而當(dāng)我們說 every child 和 every student 時，我們想到的是全體的情況，every 的意思與 all 接近，表示他們都如此。Every student loves the English teacher. = All students love the English teacher.Every

18、child likes playing. = All children like playing.5. all 和 both 的用法。1）all 指三者以上，或不可數(shù)的東西。謂語動詞既可以用單數(shù)，也可以用作復(fù)數(shù)。在句中作主語、表語、賓語、同位語和定語。All of us like Mr Pope.我們都喜歡Pope 先生。（作主語）= We all like Mr Pope. ( 作同位語 )All the water has been used up. ( 作主語 )That's all for today. ( 作表語 )Why not eat all (of) the fish?

19、 ( 作賓語 )All the leaders are here. ( 作定語 )2） both 作代詞。與其他名詞或代詞并列出現(xiàn)，表示“兩個都 ”。Lucy and Lily both agree with us.They both passed on their sticks at the same time.How are your parents? They're both fine.與“ of + 代詞（或名詞）”連用，表示“兩者都”。Both of them came to see Mary.Both of the books are very interesting.單獨使用，表示“兩者（都）”。Michael has two sons. Both are clever.I don't know which book is the better, I shall read both.3） both 用作形容詞，放在名詞之前，修飾該名詞，表示“兩者都”。Both his younger sisters are our classmates.