,第十章催證、審證和改證,英文版,主目錄,一、催證在信用證方式下，買方按約定的時(shí)間開(kāi)證是賣方履行合同的前提條件。在正常情況下，買方信用證最少應(yīng)在貨物裝運(yùn)期前15天（有時(shí)規(guī)定30天）開(kāi)到賣方手中。但在實(shí)際業(yè)務(wù)中，買方往往拖延開(kāi)證,英文版,上一頁(yè),因此，賣方在以下幾種情況下，應(yīng)及時(shí)催促買方開(kāi)證：1、合同規(guī)定裝運(yùn)期限較長(zhǎng)（如三個(gè)月），同時(shí)規(guī)定買方應(yīng)在我方裝運(yùn)期前一定期限（如15天）內(nèi)開(kāi)證，那么我們應(yīng)在通知對(duì)方預(yù)計(jì)裝運(yùn)期時(shí)，同時(shí)催促對(duì)方按約定時(shí)間開(kāi)證。,英文版,上一頁(yè),2、如果根據(jù)我方備貨和船舶情況，有可能提前裝運(yùn)時(shí)，也可與對(duì)方商量，要求其提前開(kāi)證。3、買方未在銷售合同規(guī)定期限內(nèi)開(kāi)立信用證，賣方可催促買方開(kāi)證。經(jīng)催促后買方仍不開(kāi)證的，賣方有權(quán)向?qū)Ψ揭髶p害賠償。,英文版,上一頁(yè),4、開(kāi)證期限未到，但發(fā)現(xiàn)客戶資信不佳，或市場(chǎng)情況有變，也可催促對(duì)方開(kāi)證。催促開(kāi)證的信函內(nèi)容如“SalesContractNo.123Goodsareready.PleaserushtoopentherelevantL/C”。,英文版,上一頁(yè),二、審證收到信用證后，賣方按跟單信用證統(tǒng)一慣例進(jìn)行審核。其基本原理是信用證的內(nèi)容與合同規(guī)定相一致。,英文版,上一頁(yè),銀行審核的內(nèi)容：（1）政治性、政策性審核；（2）資信情況審核；（3）信用證真?zhèn)蔚膶徍?；?）保付文句和限制性條款審核；,英文版,上一頁(yè),外貿(mào)公司審核的內(nèi)容：（1）審核信用證的種類；（2）審核開(kāi)證申請(qǐng)人和受益人；（3）審核信用證的金額及采用的貨幣；（4）審核有關(guān)貨物的記載；（5）審核到期日和到期地點(diǎn)；,英文版,上一頁(yè),（6）審核裝運(yùn)期和有效期；（7）審核轉(zhuǎn)船和分批裝運(yùn)條款；（8）審核付款方式；（9）審核要求提交的單據(jù)；（10）審核信用證上印就的條款和特殊條款；（信用證常見(jiàn)不符點(diǎn)見(jiàn)附本）,英文版,上一頁(yè),三、改證信用證修改有兩個(gè)原因：一是受益人的原因。凡不符合我國(guó)對(duì)外貿(mào)易方針政策，影響合同履行和安全收匯的情況，我們必須要求國(guó)外客戶進(jìn)行修改；二是開(kāi)證申請(qǐng)人的原因，因?yàn)榍闆r的變化迫使開(kāi)證申請(qǐng)人認(rèn)為有必要修改信用證條款。,英文版,上一頁(yè),1、信用證修改的程序（1）開(kāi)證申請(qǐng)人向信用證的開(kāi)證行申請(qǐng)修改信用證。（見(jiàn)式樣9-1）。（2）開(kāi)證行審核同意后，向信用證原通知行發(fā)出信用證修改書(shū)（見(jiàn)式樣9-2），修改一經(jīng)發(fā)出就不能撤銷。,英文版,上一頁(yè),（3）通知行收到后，驗(yàn)核修改書(shū)的表面真實(shí)性并將其轉(zhuǎn)達(dá)給受益人。（4）修改書(shū)的通知程序和信用證的通知程序大致相同，修改通知書(shū)（見(jiàn)式樣9-3）應(yīng)作如下指示：“請(qǐng)書(shū)面回復(fù)我行可否接受本次修改以便答復(fù)開(kāi)證行?！毙庞米C項(xiàng),英文版,上一頁(yè),下修改，受益人如不接受應(yīng)盡快通知并將修改書(shū)正本退回通知行，以便將受益人意見(jiàn)轉(zhuǎn)告開(kāi)證行。（5）受益人同意接受后，則信用證項(xiàng)下修改正式生效。如受益人拒絕接受修改，將修改通知書(shū)退回通知行，并附表示拒絕接受,英文版,上一頁(yè),修改的文件，則此項(xiàng)修改不能成立，視為無(wú)效。受益人對(duì)修改拒絕或接受的表態(tài)，可推遲至交單時(shí)。,英文版,上一頁(yè),Chapter10Urging、examiningandamendinganL/C,Chinese,List,UrgingthecustomerintoestablishinganL/C:Whenacontractisconcluded,thebuyerisusuallyundertheobligationtoestablishanL/Cwithhisbankwithinthetimelimitstipulatedinthesalescontract.Especiallyforbulksaleorthecommoditiesproducedaccordingtobuyersrequest,itisveryimportantforthebuyertoopentheL/Cintime;otherwise,thesellercantarrangetheproductionandcommodities.Normally,thebuyersL/Cshouldreachtheseller15days(or30days)beforeshipment.Butinpractice,foreigncustomersalwaysdelayopeningtheL/Cwhenthemarketconditionchangesortheshortageoffundarises.Soweshouldalwayskeepaneyeonit.,Chinese,Back,Topromotethebusiness,weshouldurgetheothersidetoopentheL/Cunderthefollowingconditions:1、thecontractstipulatesarelativelylongshipment(asfor3months),andthebuyershouldopentheL/Cseveraldaysbeforetheshipment(asfor15days).ThenweshouldinformbuyertheestimatedshipmentandurgehimintoopeningtherelativeL/Contime.,Chinese,Back,2、ifwecanadvancetheshipment,wemaynegotiatewiththebuyerandrequestadvancingopeningtheL/C.3、ifthebuyerfailstoopentherelativeL/Contime,thesellerownstherighttoclaimcompensationfordamages.,Chinese,Back,4、althoughitisnotthedeadline,butifwefindthatthecustomerscreditisnotfineorthemarketconditionischanging,wealsomayurgethebuyerintoopeningtheL/C.“SalesContractNo.123Goodsareready.PleaserushtoopentherelevantL/C”。,Chinese,Back,ExaminingtheL/C：AfterreceivingthebuyersL/C,thesellershouldexamineandverifyitincontrastwiththecontractaccordingtotheUCP.ThebasicprincipleofL/CexaminingisthatthecontentofL/Cmustbeconsistentwiththecontract.ButinpracticemanyforeignL/Carenottotallyinaccordancewithcontracts.Reasonsarevarious.Forexample,somecountriesandareasalwayshavespecialregulationsinpractice,someforeigncustomersarenotfamiliarwithourpolicies,someforeigncustomersoropeningbanksmakemistakes,orsomeforeigncustomersdeliberatelyaddsomeunreasonableclausesintheL/C,andsoon.SowemustseriouslyexamineandverifythoseforeignL/C.,Chinese,Back,Maincontentofbanksverification：（1）VerifytheL/Conpoliticsandpolicy；（2）VerifytheL/Conliability；（3）VerifytheL/Conauthenticity；（4）VerifytheL/Conthewordsthatguaranteepaymentandrestrictedclause；,Chinese,Back,Maincontentofcompanysverification：（1）VerifytheL/ConthevarietyofL/C；（2）VerifytheL/Contheapplicantandbeneficiary；（3）VerifytheL/Contheamountandcurrency；（4）VerifytheL/Contherecordofcommodity；（5）verifytheL/Conthedateandplaceofexpiration；,Chinese,Back,（6）VerifytheL/Conthetimeofshipmentandvalidity；（7）VerifytheL/Contheclauseoftransshipmentandpartialshipment；（8）VerifytheL/Conthetermsofpayment；（9）VerifytheL/Contherequireddocuments；（10）VerifytheL/Contheprintedclausesandspecialclauses；（TheusualdifferenceseeEnclosure）,Chinese,Back,AmendingtheL/C：TworeasonsresultintheamendmentofanL/C.Oneisforthebeneficiary.Generallyforthosethatarenotinaccordancewithourforeigntradepolicies,orinfluencetheperformanceofcontractandthesecurityofpayment,wemustaskcustomerstoamendtheL/Cthroughopeningbank.Theotherreasonisfortheapplicant.TheapplicantmaybeforcedtochangesomeclausesofL/Cbecauseofthechangingsituation.,Chinese,Back,1、ProceduresofmodificationThemodificationoughttobeappliedbytheapplicant,andtakeseffectaftertheagreementoftheopeningbankandthebeneficiary.（1）theapplicantsubmittheapplicationofamendmenttotheopeningbank,。（seeform9-1)（2）theopeningbanksendsmodificationtotheoriginalnotifyingbankafterexaminingtheapplication,andthismodificationisirrevocable.（seeform9-2）,Chinese,Back,（3）Afterreceivingthemodification,thenotifyingbankexaminesitssurfaceauthenticityandtransmitittothebeneficiary.（4）ThenotifyingprocedureofmodificationissimilartothatoftheL/C.Thenotificationshouldindicate:“pleasewritebacktoourbankwhetherthemodificationisaccepted”.Ifthebeneficiarydoesntacceptthemodification,heoughttoreturnittothenotifyingbankassoonaspossible,sothatthenotifyingbankcanpassontheinformationtotheopeningbank.（seeform9-3）,Chinese,Back,（5）Themodificati