形容詞和副詞比較等級的規(guī)則變化1. 單音節(jié)以及少數(shù)雙音節(jié)形容詞或副詞大致按以下規(guī)律變化：(1) 一般在形容詞或副詞后面直接加er 變?yōu)楸容^級，加est 變?yōu)樽罡呒墶Ｈ纾簅ldolderoldesthighhigherhighest(2) 以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，且末尾只有一個輔音字母的，則雙寫最后一個輔音字母，再加-er變?yōu)楸容^級，加 est 變?yōu)樽罡呒?。如：bigbiggerbiggestthinthinnerthinnest (3) 以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的單詞，則將改y為 i 再加-er變?yōu)楸容^級，加 est 變?yōu)樽罡呒?。如：busybusierbusiestheavyheavierheaviest (4) 以字母 e 結(jié)尾的單詞，直接加 r 變?yōu)楸容^級，加 st 變?yōu)樽罡呒?。如：largelargerlargestfreefreerfreest 2. 多音節(jié)以及某些雙音節(jié)形容詞或副詞變?yōu)楸容^級或最高級時，則通常在其前加more變?yōu)楸容^級，加 most變?yōu)樽罡呒?。如：importantmore importantmost importantdifficultmore difficultmost difficultusefulmore usefulmost useful3. 少數(shù)單音節(jié)單詞，特別是分詞形容詞，須在前面加more變?yōu)楸容^級，(the) most變?yōu)樽罡呒?。如：fondmore fondmost fondpleasedmore pleasedmost pleased4. 有些單詞的比較級或最高級有兩種形式，如：clevercleverer / more clevercleverest / most cleverableabler / more ableablest / most ablenarrownarrower / more narrownarrowest / most narrow形容詞和副詞比較級的常用句型及應(yīng)用1. 當(dāng)A B 時，用“比較級 + than + 比較對象”來表示。如：My room is smaller than yours. 我的房間比你的小。She got there earlier than I did. 她比我到得早。注意：一般來說，比較對象為人稱代詞時，用主格或賓格均可。但是，當(dāng)句子中謂語動詞為及物動詞時，人稱代詞用主格或賓格意義不同。如：I like you better than he (likes you). 我比他更喜歡你。I like you better than (he likes) him. 我喜歡你勝過喜歡他。2. 當(dāng)A B，但B包含A時，則須用other來將A排除出去，即：(1) 用“比較級 + than + any other + 名詞單數(shù)”來表示。如：China is larger than any other country in Asia. 中國比其他任何亞洲國家都要大。(2) 用“比較級 + than + any of the other + 名詞復(fù)數(shù)”來表示。如：He is older than any of the other boys in his class. 他比他班上任何同學(xué)年紀(jì)都大。(3) 用“比較級 + than + all the other +名詞復(fù)數(shù)”來表示。如：Your department spent more last year than all the other departments put together. 你們部門去年的花銷比其他所有部門的加起來還多。(4) 用“比較級 + than + (any of) the others”來表示。如：I received less money than the others did. 我比別人收到的錢少。(5) 用“比較級 + than + the other + 名詞復(fù)數(shù)”來表示。如：He is cleverer than the other students in his class. 他比班上其他學(xué)生聰明。(6) 用“比較級 + than + anyone else”來表示。如：You know him better than anyone else. 你對他比任何別人都更了解。3. 當(dāng)A B，但B不包含A時，句型為：(1) 用“比較級 + than + any of the + 名詞復(fù)數(shù)”來表示。如：He is richer than any of the people here. 他比這兒的任何人都有錢。(2) 用“比較級 + than + any + 名詞單數(shù)”來表示。如：Im taller than any student of your class. 我比你們班的任何學(xué)生都高。4. 當(dāng)A = B 時，用“as + 原級 + as + 比較對象”來表示。如：She is as tall as me。她與我一樣高。He gets up as early as his parents. 他起床與他父母起得一樣早。5. 當(dāng)A B 時，用“not so /as + 原級 + as +比較對象”來表示。如：Im not as so lucky as you. 我不像你那么幸運(yùn)。He doesnt study as so hard as Mary. 他學(xué)習(xí)不如瑪麗努力。6. 當(dāng)A = 數(shù)字B 時，用下列結(jié)構(gòu)來表示：(from )(1) 用“數(shù)字 + times + as + 原級 + as +比較對象”來表示。如：Their house is about three times as big as ours. 他們的房子大約有我們房子三倍大。(2) 用“數(shù)字 + times + the size / length / depth / height / width + of +比較對象” 來表示。如：Your office is three times the size of ours. 你的辦公室是我們辦公室的三倍大。(3) 用“數(shù)字 + times + 比較級 + than + 比較對象”來表示。如：He runs three times faster than Jack. 他比杰克跑得快三倍。注：若指兩倍，以上各句型中的“數(shù)字+times”則應(yīng)換成twice。如：This room is twice the length of the other, but much narrower. 這個房間的長度是那個房間的兩倍, 但窄得多。7. 在三者或三者以上的人或物中，用最高級表示，結(jié)構(gòu)為“the + 最高級 + 比較范圍”。如：She is the best player in the team. 她是隊(duì)里最優(yōu)秀的運(yùn)動員。He works the hardest of all the students. 他是所有學(xué)生中最用功的。8. 表示“越來越”時，用“比較級 + and + 比較級”。如：Your English is getting better and better. 你的英語越來越好了。Its becoming more and more difficult to find a job. 找工作越來越困難了。9. 表示“越就越”時，用“the + 比較級，the + 比較級”。如：The younger you are, the easier it is to learn. 年紀(jì)越輕，學(xué)習(xí)越容易。The more money you make, the more you spend. 你掙的錢越多，花的錢也越多。10. “否定詞+謂語+比較級”相當(dāng)于最高級。如：(from )Ive never seen a nicer bird than this one.=This bird is the nicest bird Ive ever seen. 這是我所見過的最好的鳥。How beautifully she sings! I have never heard a better voice. 她唱得多好?。∥覐膩頉]有聽過這么動聽的聲音。形容詞與副詞的比較等級用法注意1. 比較級的基本用法英語中的形容詞和副詞有三個等級，即原級、比較級和高最級。比較級主要用于兩者比較，最高級主要用于多者比較。注意2. 不能使用雙重比較等級即構(gòu)成比較級時不能既加詞尾-er，又在其前加more；構(gòu)成最高級時不能既在詞尾加-est，又在其前加most，如不能說more better, most earliest 等。不過“比較級+and+比較級”這樣的形式卻完全可用。如：I am getting fatter and fatter. 我越來越胖了。Were going more and more slowly. 我們越走越慢了。3. 使用比較等級要注意合乎邏輯請看兩組正誤句：我的電腦比她的貴。誤：My computer is more expensive than her正：My computer is more expensive than hers. 析：從邏輯上說，應(yīng)該是my computer 與 her computer 作比較，而不是my computer 與her 比較。上面正句中的hers=her computer。上海人口比中國其他城市的人口要多。誤：The population of Shanghai is larger than that of any city in China.正：The population of Shanghai is larger than that of any other city in China.析：從邏輯上說，Shanghai在China范圍內(nèi)，或者說Shanghai也是China范圍內(nèi)的一個城市，若不用other，則句意為“上海的人口比中國任何城市的人口都多”， 4. 比較級和最高級的常見修飾語比較級的修飾語：常見的有far, even, still, a lot, lots, a great deal, a bit, rather, three times, any, no, very much 等。如：Japanese is much far more difficult than English. 日語比英語難多了。She felt a great deal more comfortable now. 她現(xiàn)在感覺舒服多了。He works hard, but she works still harder harder still. 他工作很努力，但她工作更努力。最高級的修飾語：常見的有(by) far, much, nearly, almost, not quite, by no means, very, second, next 等。如：His illness is far more serious than we thought. 他的病比我們想像的要嚴(yán)重得多。Chinas population is by far the largest of any country. 中國是全世界人口最多的國家。I want to give my children the very best education I can afford. 我想給我孩子力所能及的最良好的教育。The Yellow River is the second longest river in China. 黃河是中國第二長河流。注：very不能修飾比較級，卻可修飾最高級，但它與一般的修飾最高的副詞有所不同，即它要放在最高級前定冠詞之后，而不是之前(另外，second, third, next等也要入在定冠詞之后)。最高級前不用the的五種情況(1) 形容詞最高級前通常用the，副詞最高級前的the可以不用。(2) 形容詞最高級作表語時，有時可以省略the。如：Which of the boys is (the) strongest?這些孩子中哪個最強(qiáng)壯？(3) 最高級形容詞作表語，副詞用狀語時，沒和別人比較時不用the。如：Hes busiest on Monday.他星期一最忙。He works hardest when doing something for his family.他為自己家做事時最賣力。(4) 最高級前已有名詞所有格或物主代詞時，不用the。如：He is my best friend.他是我最好的朋友。 Hainan is Chinas second largest island. 海南是中國第二大島。(5) 有時most是表示“非常”，而不是最高級，不用the。如：He is a most amazing person. 他是一個非常了不起的人。與比較級相關(guān)的習(xí)語(1) no more than =only只有，僅僅，只不過There are no more than a hundred people in the hall.大廳里只有100人。(2) not more than=at the most不超過，至多There are not more than a hundred people in the hall.大廳里至多100人。(3) no less than多達(dá)，不少于He made no less than500. 他賺了多達(dá)五百英鎊的錢。He walks no less than five miles to school. 他上學(xué)至少要走五英里。(4) less than不到，不太，極不I wont take less than $5000 for my car.我的汽車低于5000美元不賣。The boys were less than happy about having a party. 開晚會男孩子并不很高興。Doctors have been less than successful in treating this condition.醫(yī)生在治療這種病時極不成功。(5) more than多于，超過(=over, 后接數(shù)詞)；不只是(=not only, 后接名詞、動詞或副詞)；非常，十分(=very, 后接形容詞、副詞、動詞或分詞)；難以，完全不能(用于more thancan)“。He was more than seventy years of age. 他有七十多歲了。He more than smiled, but laughed.他不只是微笑而是大笑。They were more than glad to help.他們非常樂于幫忙。That is more than I can tell.那我就不知道了(from )。(6) more or less(=almost, nearly, about)基本上，差不多，大約The work is more or less finished.工作基本上完成了。The repairs will cost $30, more or less.修理費(fèi)大約要30美元。(7) sooner or later遲早，早晚，總有一天(from )You should tell her because shell find out sooner or later.你還是告訴她吧，因?yàn)樗缤頃l(fā)覺的。(8) whats more而且，此外，還有，更有甚者I missed the bus and had to walk home. Whats more, it was raining and I got all wet. 我趕不上巴士，不得不走回家，而且那時正在下雨，我全身都濕透了。(9) no soonerthan一就He had no sooner arrived than he was asked to leave again.他剛到就被支走了。有關(guān)比較等級重要考點(diǎn)一、考查比較等級的基本用法1. Of the two sisters, Betty is _ one, and she is also the one who loves to be quiet. (安徽卷)A. a youngerB. a youngest C. the youngerD. the youngest【解析】答案選C。根據(jù)句中的of the two sisters可知，此題涉及的是兩者比較，故用比較級；另外，由于是特指兩者中的一個，故其前用定冠詞，不用不定冠詞。2. Of the two coats, Id choose the _ one to spare some money for a book. (四川卷)A. cheapestB. cheaper C. more expensiveD. most expensive【解析】答案選B。因是兩者比較，故用比較級，可將答案鎖定在B和C之間；再根據(jù)句意，排除C。3. Speaking of all the songs he has written, I think this is probably his _ one. (全國卷II)A. better-knownB. well-known C. best-knownD. most-known【解析】答案選C。因?yàn)槭菑乃鶎懙乃懈柚羞x出一首來比較，故用最高級。二、在語境中考查比較等級的用法1. I dont think this film is by far the most boring. I have seen _. (江西卷)A. better B. worse C. the bestD. the worst【解析】答案選B。既然前文說“這不是最最煩人的電影”，那么下文說的肯定就“還有更糟的”，故用worse。有意思的是，2006年的這道江西卷的考題與下面這道2004年的湖南卷極為相似：That doesnt sound very frightening. Paul, Ive seen _. What did you like most about the film? (湖南卷)A. better B. worse C. best D. worst由前句“這聽起來并不十分令人恐懼”可知，說話人曾見過比這個更令人恐懼的事，所以用比較級worse。2. The new group of students is better-behaved than the other group who stayed here _. (北京卷)A. earlyB. earlierC. earliestD. the earliest【解析】答案選B。做此題的關(guān)鍵詞是new，即把“新來的學(xué)生”與“早些時候呆在這兒的學(xué)生”進(jìn)行比較。全句意為：新來的這群學(xué)生比早些時候呆在這兒的那些學(xué)生表現(xiàn)得更好些。3. There is an old proverb, “Love me, love my dog. ” But there is _ wisdom in this: “Love me, love my book.” (湖南卷)A. someB. muchC. moreD. most【解析】答案選C。由于是將“Love me, love my dog”與“Love me, love my book”進(jìn)行比較，故用比較級。此題的巧妙之處在于句中沒有出現(xiàn)than，而是給出兩個待比較的proverb。4. With April 18s railway speedup, highway and air transport will have to compete with _ service for passengers. (江蘇卷)A. goodB. betterC. bestD. the best【解析】答案選B。句子大意為：由于鐵路提速了，所以公路和航空業(yè)要提高服務(wù)質(zhì)量來競爭客源。因?qū)ⅰ肮泛秃娇铡迸c“鐵路”比較，故用比較級。三、考查“否定詞+a+比較級”結(jié)構(gòu)1. Your story is perfect. Ive never heard _ before. (全國卷III)A. the better oneB. the best oneC. a better oneD. a good one【解析】答案選C?！胺穸ㄔ~（尤其是never）+a+比較級”的意思是“從來沒有一個更的”，這類結(jié)構(gòu)通?？梢暈樵谄浜笫÷粤艘粋€than短語，做題時要注意根據(jù)具體的語境作出正確的理解，如：I have never read a better article. 我從未讀過（比這篇文章）更好的文章（=這是我所讀過的最好的文章）。I have never seen a worse film. 我從沒看過（比這部電影）更糟的電影（=這是我所看過的最糟的電影）。本題中的Ive never heard a better one before的意思是“我從未聽到過（比你這個事故）更好聽的事故”。2. Did you enjoy yourself at the party?Yes. Ive never been to _ one before. (四川卷)A. a more excited B. the most excitedC. a more excitingD. the most exciting【解析】答案選C。Ive never been to a more exciting one before實(shí)為Ive never been to a more exciting one before than this one. 其意為“我從未參加過比這個晚會更令人興奮的晚會”，即“這是我參加過最令人興奮的晚會”。又如：Ive never had a worse morning than today. 我哪一天早上也不像今天早上這樣倒霉。若意思明確，有時可省略than結(jié)構(gòu)：He is fine, never better. 他很好，比以往任何時候都好。注意：有時根據(jù)不同語法結(jié)構(gòu)的需要，也可能沒有不定冠詞。如：No news could be more delightful to me. 這消息最令我高興。I have never drunk better beer. 我從來沒喝過這么好的啤酒。四、考查比較等級的修飾語After two years research, we now have a _ better understanding of the disease. (全國卷II)A. veryB. farC. fairlyD. quite【解析】答案選B。這四個副詞中，通常只有far可用于修飾比較級。注：quite有時也可用于修飾比較級better，但它只用于表示“身體康復(fù)”，不用于其他意義。五、考查相似比較級結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)別Do you need any help, Lucy?Yes. The job is _ I could do myself. (福建卷)A. less thanB. more thanC. no more thanD. not more than