2025年考研英語（一）閱讀理解長難句解析與沖刺押題卷考試時間：______分鐘總分：______分姓名：______模擬試卷閱讀理解directions:Foreachquestion,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).MarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Therapidproliferationofdigitaltechnologyhasfundamentallyalteredthelandscapeofinformationconsumptionandproduction.Unliketheprintera,whereinformationwasoftencuratedanddisseminatedthroughcontrolledchannels,thedigitalageempowersindividualswithunprecedentedaccesstotoolsforcreatingandsharingcontent.Thisdemocratizationofinformationhasnumerousimplications,bothpositiveandnegative,forsociety.Oneofthemostsignificantbenefitsofdigitaltechnologyisthefacilitationofglobalconnectivityandthefreeflowofideas.Theinternet,inparticular,hascreatedanenvironmentwhereknowledgecanbesharedinstantaneouslyacrossgeographicalboundaries.Educationalresources,researchpapers,andculturalproductsarenowreadilyaccessibletopeopleworldwide,potentiallybridgingeducationaldisparitiesandfosteringcross-culturalunderstanding.Socialmediaplatformshavefurtheramplifiedthiseffect,allowingindividualstoengageindialogue,organizemovements,andraiseawarenessaboutvariousissuesonaglobalscale.Thisincreasedaccessibilityandconnectivitycanleadtogreaterinnovation,asdiverseperspectivesandideasinteractandcollideinvirtualspaces.However,thissameaccessibilityandeaseofsharingalsogiverisetosignificantchallenges.Thedigitalrealmisrifewithmisinformationanddisinformation,oftenspreadwithalarmingspeedandreach.Falsenarratives,conspiracytheories,andpropagandacanunderminepublictrust,influenceelections,andincitesocialunrest.Thelinesbetweenfactandfictionbecomeincreasinglyblurredasalgorithmscuratecontentbasedonuserpreferences,potentiallycreatingechochamberswhereindividualsareonlyexposedtoinformationthatreinforcestheirexistingbeliefs.Thiscanleadtopolarizationandadeclineincriticalthinkingskills,asindividualsarelesslikelytoencounterorengagewithopposingviewpoints.Moreover,thesheervolumeofinformationavailableonlinecanbeoverwhelming,makingitdifficultforindividualstodiscernwhatistrulyimportantorrelevant.Thisphenomenon,oftenreferredtoas"informationoverload,"canleadtocognitivefatigueandreducedattentionspans.Theconstantbarrageofnotificationsandupdatesfromvariousdigitaldevicesfurtherexacerbatesthisissue,creatingastateofperpetualdistraction.Inthisenvironment,deepreadingandthoughtfulreflectionareincreasinglydifficulttoachieve,asthefocusshiftstowardsskimmingandquickconsumptionofbite-sizedcontent.Theeconomicimplicationsofdigitaltechnologyarealsoprofound.Theriseofthegigeconomyandremoteworkhastransformedthetraditionalemploymentmodel,offeringnewopportunitiesforflexibilityandautonomy.However,ithasalsocontributedtojobinsecurityandtheerosionofworkerprotections.Theabilitytoworkfromanywherehasblurredtheboundariesbetweenworkandpersonallife,leadingtoincreasedstressandburnoutformany.Additionally,thedigitaldivide—disparitiesinaccesstotechnologyandtheinternet—hasthepotentialtoexacerbateexistingeconomicinequalities,asthosewithoutaccessareincreasinglymarginalizedfromtheopportunitiesavailableinthedigitaleconomy.Associetycontinuestograpplewiththesechallenges,itiscrucialtodevelopstrategiestomaximizethebenefitsofdigitaltechnologywhilemitigatingitsnegativeeffects.Educationplaysavitalroleinthisprocess,asfosteringmedialiteracyandcriticalthinkingskillscanhelpindividualsnavigatethecomplexinformationenvironmentmoreeffectively.Policymakersalsoneedtoimplementregulationsthatpromotetransparency,accountability,andfairnessinthedigitalrealm,ensuringthattechnologyservesthepublicinterestratherthanprivategain.Furthermore,individualsmusttakeresponsibilityfortheirowndigitalconsumption,makingconsciouseffortstoconsumeinformationmindfullyandengagewithdiverseperspectives.Finally,itisimportanttorecognizethatthedigitalageisnotinherentlygoodorbad;itisapowerfultoolthatcanbeusedforbothconstructiveanddestructivepurposes.Thefutureofourdigitalsocietydependsonourcollectiveabilitytoharnessitspotentialwhileaddressingitschallenges.Byfosteringacultureofcriticalthinking,promotingresponsibleinnovation,andensuringequitableaccesstotechnology,wecancreateadigitalfuturethatisinclusive,sustainable,andbeneficialforall.Questions:1.Whatistheprimarypurposeofthepassage?2.Accordingtothepassage,oneofthekeyadvantagesofdigitaltechnologyisitsabilityto:3.Theword"disseminated"inthesecondparagraphisclosestinmeaningto:4.Thepassagesuggeststhatsocialmediaplatformscanhavebothpositiveandnegativeeffectsonsociety.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesapositiveeffectmentioned?5.Thephrase"echochambers"inthethirdparagraphrefersto:6.Whatchallengedoes"informationoverload"posetoindividualsinthedigitalage?7.Thepassagementionsthegigeconomyasanexampleofhowdigitaltechnologyhastransformedthetraditionalemploymentmodel.Whatisonepotentialnegativeconsequenceofthistransformation?8.Theword"mitigating"inthefourthparagraphisclosestinmeaningto:9.Accordingtothepassage,whatroledoeseducationplayinnavigatingthedigitalage?10.Whatistheauthor'smainpointregardingthefutureofdigitaltechnology?Theshiftingdynamicsofurbanplanninginthe21stcenturyareincreasinglyinfluencedbytheimperativeforsustainabilityandresilience.Traditionalurbanmodels,oftencharacterizedbysprawlingsuburbandevelopmentandheavyrelianceonprivateautomobiles,arebeingreevaluatedinthefaceofgrowingenvironmentalconcerns,suchasclimatechange,airpollution,andresourcedepletion.Sustainableurbanplanningseekstocreatecitiesthatareenvironmentallysound,sociallyequitable,andeconomicallyviableinthelongterm.Acentralcomponentofsustainableurbanplanningisthepromotionofcompact,mixed-usedevelopment.Thisapproachinvolvesintegratingresidential,commercial,andrecreationalspaceswithincloseproximity,reducingtheneedforlongcommutesandencouragingwalking,cycling,andtheuseofpublictransportation.Byminimizingtraveldistancesandpromotingalternativemodesoftransport,citiescansignificantlylowergreenhousegasemissionsandimproveairquality.Mixed-usedevelopmentalsofostersvibrantcommunitiesbycreatingvibrantpublicspacesandpromotingsocialinteractionamongresidents.Anotherkeyaspectofsustainableurbanplanningistheintegrationofgreeninfrastructureintourbandesign.Greeninfrastructurereferstonaturalsystems,suchasparks,greenroofs,andurbanforests,thatprovidevariousenvironmentalbenefits.Thesesystemscanhelpmitigatetheurbanheatislandeffect,reducestormwaterrunoff,improveairquality,andprovidehabitatforwildlife.Greenroofs,forinstance,caninsulatebuildings,reducingenergyconsumption,whileurbanforestscanabsorbcarbondioxideandreleaseoxygen,contributingtoahealthierurbanclimate.Theincorporationofgreeninfrastructurenotonlyenhancestheaestheticappealofcitiesbutalsocontributestotheoverallwell-beingoftheirinhabitants.Transportationplanningisalsoundergoingasignificanttransformationinthecontextofsustainableurbandevelopment.Citiesareincreasinglyshiftingawayfromcar-centricmodelstowardsmulti-modaltransportationsystemsthatprioritizepublictransit,non-motorizedtransport,andactivemobility.investmentsinefficientandaccessiblepublictransportationnetworks,suchasbuses,subways,andtrams,canreducetrafficcongestion,improveairquality,andprovideequitableaccesstotransportationforallresidents.Additionally,thedevelopmentofsafeandwell-designedcyclinginfrastructureandpedestrianpathwaysencouragesactivemobility,promotingphysicalhealthandreducingrelianceonmotorvehicles.Furthermore,sustainableurbanplanningemphasizestheimportanceofresourceefficiencyandwastereduction.Citiesaremajorconsumersofenergy,water,andotherresources,andtherefore,itisessentialtoadoptstrategiesthatminimizeresourceconsumptionandpromoterecyclingandreuse.Forexample,theimplementationofsmartgridtechnologiescanoptimizeenergydistributionandreduceenergywaste.Rainwaterharvestingsystemscancollectandstorerainwaterfornon-potableuses,reducingdemandonmunicipalwatersupplies.Wastereductioninitiatives,suchascompostingprogramsandrecyclingfacilities,candivertwastefromlandfillsandpromoteacirculareconomy.Despitethemanybenefitsofsustainableurbanplanning,implementingsuchinitiativesoftenfacessignificantchallenges.Highinitialcostscanbeamajorbarrier,particularlyforcitieswithlimitedbudgets.Additionally,overcomingtheresistanceofstakeholderswhoareinvestedinthestatusquo,suchasdeveloperswhoprefersprawlandcar-centricdesigns,canbedifficult.Moreover,achievingsocialequityinurbanplanningrequirescarefulconsiderationoftheneedsofallresidents,includinglow-incomepopulationsandmarginalizedcommunities,whomaybedisproportionatelyaffectedbyurbandevelopment.However,thelong-termbenefitsofsustainableurbanplanningfaroutweighthechallenges.Bycreatingcitiesthataremoreresilienttoenvironmentalshocks,moreequitable,andmorelivable,sustainableurbanplanningcanimprovethequalityoflifeforallresidents.Astheglobalpopulationcontinuestourbanize,theneedforsustainableurbandevelopmentsolutionsbecomesincreasinglyurgent.Citiesthatembracetheseprincipleswillbebetterpositionedtomeetthechallengesofthe21stcenturyandcreateamoresustainablefutureforall.Questions:11.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?12.Thepassagementions"sprawlingsuburbandevelopment"asacharacteristicoftraditionalurbanmodels.Whatproblemdoesthistypeofdevelopmentcontributeto?13.Accordingtothepassage,whatisabenefitofpromotingwalking,cycling,andpublictransportation?14.Thephrase"urbanheatislandeffect"inthethirdparagraphrefersto:15.Whatisthepurposeofrainwaterharvestingsystemsmentionedinthefourthparagraph?16.Theword"divert"inthefourthparagraphisclosestinmeaningto:17.Accordingtothepassage,whatisonechallengeinimplementingsustainableurbanplanning?18.Thepassagesuggeststhatsustainableurbanplanningcanimprovethequalityoflifeforcityresidents.Whatisonewayitdoesthis?19.Whatdoestheauthorimplyaboutthefutureofurbandevelopment?20.Thepassagepresentsaseriesofinterconnectedstrategiesforsustainableurbanplanning.Whichofthefollowingstrategiesisdescribedaspromotingsocialinteractionamongresidents?PartBDirections:Inthissection,youwillreadaboutthreedifferentapproachestosustainableurbandevelopment.Beloweachpassage,youwillfindsomesentencesorphrases.EachsentenceorphraseisclassifiedaseitheraSummary(S)orNotaSummary(NS).PleasewriteS(forSummary)orNS(forNotaSummary)onyourAnswerSheet2againsteachofthenumbers.Passage1Theconceptofsmartcitieshasgainedsignificanttractioninrecentyearsasameansofleveragingtechnologytoimproveurbanliving.Smartcitiesutilizevarioustechnologies,suchastheInternetofThings(IoT),artificialintelligence(AI),andbigdataanalytics,tocollectandanalyzedatafromvarioussourceswithinthecity.Thisdata-drivenapproachenablescityplannerstomakemoreinformeddecisions,optimizeresourceallocation,andenhancetheefficiencyofurbanservices.Forinstance,smarttrafficmanagementsystemscanreducecongestionbydynamicallyadjustingtrafficsignalsbasedonreal-timetrafficconditions.Smartgridscanimproveenergyefficiencybymonitoringenergyconsumptionanddistributioninrealtime.Additionally,smartwastemanagementsystemscanoptimizewastecollectionroutes,reducingfuelconsumptionandemissions.Proponentsofsmartcitiesarguethatthesetechnologiescancreatemorelivable,sustainable,andresilienturbanenvironments.However,criticsraiseconcernsaboutthepotentialprivacyandsecurityrisksassociatedwiththecollectionandstorageoflargeamountsofurbandata.Despitetheseconcerns,thesmartcitymovementisgainingmomentum,withnumerouscitiesaroundtheworldundertakinginitiativestobecomesmarter.1.Theconceptofsmartcitiesisgainingpopularityasawaytousetechnologytoimproveurbanliving.2.SmartcitiesusetechnologiesliketheInternetofThingsandbigdataanalyticstocollectandanalyzedata.3.Smarttrafficmanagementsystemscanreducetrafficcongestionbyadjustingtrafficsignalsinrealtime.4.Criticsareworriedaboutthesafetyofpersonalinformationinsmartcities.5.Themaingoalofsmartcityinitiativesistomakecitiesmoreefficientandenvironmentallyfriendly.Passage2Community-ledurbanplanningisanapproachthatempowerslocalresidentstoparticipateactivelyinthedecision-makingprocessregardingurbandevelopment.Thisparticipatoryapproachrecognizesthevaluableinsightsandneedsofthosewholiveinthecityandseekstocreatemoreinclusiveandequitableurbanenvironments.Community-ledplanningofteninvolvestheuseofparticipatorydesignmethods,suchasworkshops,surveys,andpublicforums,togatherinputfromresidents.Thesemethodsallowresidentstovoicetheirconcerns,proposeideas,andcontributetothedevelopmentofplansthatreflecttheirneedsandpriorities.Examplesofcommunity-ledplanninginitiativesincludethecreationofcommunitygardens,thedevelopmentoflocalparks,andtheimprovementofneighborhoodinfrastructure.Proponentsofthisapproacharguethatitcanleadtomoresustainableandlivablecitiesbyensuringthatdevelopmentprojectsarealignedwiththeneedsofthosewhowillbemostaffectedbythem.However,community-ledplanningcanbechallengingtoimplement,asitrequiressignificantengagementandcollaborationamongresidents.Additionally,itcanbeslowandresource-intensive,whichmayfrustratethoseseekingquicksolutionstourbanproblems.Despitethesechallenges,community-ledurbanplanningisgainingrecognitionasavaluableapproachtocreatingmoresustainableandequitablecities.6.Community-ledurbanplanninginvolveslocalresidentsinthedecision-makingprocess.7.Participatorydesignmethodsareusedtogatherinputfromresidentsincommunity-ledplanning.8.Communitygardensareanexampleofacommunity-ledplanninginitiative.9.Community-ledplanningisalwaysthebestsolutionforallurbandevelopmentproblems.10.Thisapproachemphasizestheimportanceofincludingthevoicesofordinarypeopleinurbanplanning.Passage3Greenurbanplanningfocusesonintegratingnaturalsystemsintotheurbanenvironmenttocreatemoresustainableandresilientcities.Thisapproachrecognizestheimportanceofnatureinprovidingvariousecosystemservices,suchasairandwaterpurification,climateregulation,andhabitatcreation.Greenurbanplanninginitiativesincludethecreationofurbanparks,thepreservationofgreenspaces,thedevelopmentofgreenroofs,andtheimplementationofsustainablelandscapingpractices.Theseinitiativescanhelpmitigatetheurbanheatislandeffect,improveairandwaterquality,andprovidehabitatforwildlife.Greenurbanplanningalsopromotestheuseofsustainablebuildingmaterialsandconstructiontechniquesthatminimizeenvironmentalimpact.Proponentsofthisapproacharguethatgreenurbanplanningcancreatemorelivable,healthy,andsustainablecities.However,greenurbanplanningcanbechallengingtoimplement,asitrequiressignificantlanduseplanningandinvestment.Additionally,itcanbedifficulttobalancetheneedsofagrowingurbanpopulationwiththeneedtopreservenaturalspaces.Despitethesechallenges,greenurbanplanningisgainingrecognitionasavaluableapproachtocreatingmoresustainableandlivablecities.11.Greenurbanplanninginvolvesincorporatingnaturalsystemsintotheurbanenvironment.12.Urbanparksareanexampleofagreenurbanplanninginitiative.13.Greenurbanplanningistheonlywaytoaddresstheenvironmentalchallengesfacedbycities.14.Thisapproachrecognizestheimportanceofnatureinprovidingvariousbenefitstocities.15.Greenurbanplanningrequiressignificantinvestmentandlanduseplanning.試卷答案1.C2.A3.D4.B5.A6.C7.A8.B9.A10.D11.C12.B13.A14.A15.B16.C17.A18.C19.D20.B1.S2.S3.S4.NS5.NS6.S7.S8.S9.NS10.S11.S12.S13.NS14.S15.S解析思路1.文章首段提出數(shù)字技術(shù)改變信息環(huán)境，第二段論述其積極影響（全球連接、思想自由），第三段論述其負(fù)面影響（虛假信息、認(rèn)知疲勞）。第四段談經(jīng)濟(jì)影響。第五段總結(jié)并提出應(yīng)對策略。最后一段重申技術(shù)本身無好壞，關(guān)鍵在于如何使用。綜上所述，文章主要目的是全面分析數(shù)字技術(shù)對社會的多方面影響及其應(yīng)對。故選C。2.根據(jù)第二段第二句"Theinternet,inparticular,hascreatedanenvironmentwhereknowledgecanbesharedinstantaneouslyacrossgeographicalboundaries."可知，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)使得知識能夠跨越地理界限即時共享。這與A選項的“促進(jìn)全球范圍內(nèi)信息的即時共享”意思一致。故選A。3.第二段"whereinformationwasoftencuratedanddisseminatedthroughcontrolledchannels"中，disseminated意為“傳播，散布”。根據(jù)上下文，此處指信息通常通過受控渠道進(jìn)行傳播。D選項的“傳播”與原意最接近。故選D。4.根據(jù)第二段"Socialmediaplatformshavefurtheramplifiedthiseffect,allowingindividualstoengageindialogue,organizemovements,andraiseawarenessaboutvariousissuesonaglobalscale."可知，社交媒體平臺允許個人參與對話、組織運動、提高對各種問題的認(rèn)識，這些都屬于積極影響。B選項“組織社會運動，提高對各種問題的認(rèn)識”概括了其中的一個積極方面。故選B。5.根據(jù)第三段"Thiscanleadtopolarizationandadeclineincriticalthinkingskills,asindividualsarelesslikelytoencounterorengagewithopposingviewpoints."可知，回音室效應(yīng)導(dǎo)致人們不太可能遇到或參與討論對立觀點，從而加劇兩極分化。A選項“只接觸與自己觀點一致的信息的環(huán)境”與回音室效應(yīng)的定義相符。故選A。6.根據(jù)第四段"Thesheervolumeofinformationavailableonlinecanbeoverwhelming,makingitdifficultforindividualstodiscernwhatistrulyimportantorrelevant."可知，信息過載的挑戰(zhàn)在于，海量的在線信息讓人難以分辨什么是真正重要或相關(guān)的。C選項“難以辨別重要信息”概括了這一點。故選C。7.根據(jù)第四段"Theriseofthegigeconomyandremoteworkhastransformedthetraditionalemploymentmodel,offeringnewopportunitiesforflexibilityandautonomy.However,ithasalsocontributedtojobinsecurityandtheerosionofworkerprotections."可知，零工經(jīng)濟(jì)的興起雖然提供了靈活性和自主性，但也導(dǎo)致了工作不安全感，并侵蝕了工人保障。A選項“導(dǎo)致工作不安全感”是文中提到的一個潛在負(fù)面影響。故選A。8.第四段"Associetycontinuestograpplewiththesechallenges,itiscrucialtodevelopstrategiestomaximizethebenefitsofdigitaltechnologywhilemitigatingitsnegativeeffects."中，mitigating意為“減輕，緩和”。B選項的“減輕”與原意最接近。故選B。9.根據(jù)第四段"Educationplaysavitalroleinthisprocess,asfosteringmedialiteracyandcriticalthinkingskillscanhelpindividualsnavigatethecomplexinformationenvironmentmoreeffectively."可知，教育在過程中扮演著至關(guān)重要的角色，因為它能培養(yǎng)媒介素養(yǎng)和批判性思維能力，幫助人們更有效地應(yīng)對復(fù)雜的信息環(huán)境。A選項“在引導(dǎo)人們有效應(yīng)對復(fù)雜信息環(huán)境方面發(fā)揮作用”概括了教育的角色。故選A。10.根據(jù)最后一段"Thefutureofourdigitalsocietydependsonourcollectiveabilitytoharnessitspotentialwhileaddressingitschallenges."可知，數(shù)字社會的未來取決于我們集體利用其潛力并應(yīng)對其挑戰(zhàn)的能力。D選項“數(shù)字社會未來的關(guān)鍵在于我們?nèi)绾卫闷錆摿Σ?yīng)對其挑戰(zhàn)”表達(dá)了這一核心觀點。故選D。11.第一段提出可持續(xù)城市規(guī)劃的核心是適應(yīng)21世紀(jì)的需求，第二段介紹緊湊型混合使用發(fā)展，第三段介紹綠色基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施，第四段談交通規(guī)劃，第五段談資源效率和廢物減少，最后一段討論挑戰(zhàn)和益處。文章主要圍繞可持續(xù)城市規(guī)劃的各個方面展開論述。C選項“對可持續(xù)城市規(guī)劃的各個方面進(jìn)行論述”概括了文章主旨。故選C。12.根據(jù)第二段"Traditionalurbanmodels,oftencharacterizedbysprawlingsuburbandevelopmentandheavyrelianceonprivateautomobiles,arebeingreevaluatedinthefaceofgrowingenvironmentalconcerns,suchasclimatechange,airpollution,andresourcedepletion."可知，傳統(tǒng)城市模式的特點是蔓延的郊區(qū)發(fā)展和對私人汽車的過度依賴。這種發(fā)展模式導(dǎo)致了空氣污染等環(huán)境問題。B選項“導(dǎo)致空氣污染”是文中提到的一個問題。故選B。13.根據(jù)第三段"Byminimizingtraveldistancesandpromotingalternativemodesoftransport,citiescansignificantlylowergreenhousegasemissionsandimproveairquality."可知，通過減少出行距離和推廣替代交通方式，城市可以顯著降低溫室氣體排放并改善空氣質(zhì)量。A選項“顯著降低溫室氣體排放并改善空氣質(zhì)量”概括了其益處。故選A。14.根據(jù)第四段"Greeninfrastructurereferstonaturalsystems,suchasparks,greenroofs,andurbanforests,thatprovidevariousenvironmentalbenefits.Thesesystemscanhelpmitigatetheurbanheatislandeffect..."可知，城市熱島效應(yīng)是指城市區(qū)域的溫度高于周邊鄉(xiāng)村地區(qū)。A選項“城市區(qū)域比周邊鄉(xiāng)村地區(qū)溫度更高”與定義相符。故選A。15.根據(jù)第四段"Rainwaterharvestingsystemscancollectandstorerainwaterfornon-potableuses,reducingdemandonmunicipalwatersupplies."可知，雨水收集系統(tǒng)可以收集和儲存雨水用于非飲用目的，減少對市政供水的