2025年考研英語(yǔ)（二）閱讀理解長(zhǎng)難句處理技巧訓(xùn)練試卷提高能力考試時(shí)間：______分鐘總分：______分姓名：______PartADirections:Thereare4passagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Passage1Thehumanbrainisahighlycomplexorgan,capableofperforminganextraordinaryrangeoffunctions,fromsimplereflexestocomplexcognitivetasks.However,despitedecadesofresearch,theexactmechanismsgoverningitsoperations,particularlyintermsofhowmemoriesareformedandretrieved,remainonlypartiallyunderstood.Oneoftheprimarychallengesinneuroscienceliesinthebrain'sintricatestructure,comprisingbillionsofneuronsinterconnectedthroughtrillionsofsynapses.Theseneuralnetworksarenotonlyvastinscalebutalsoexhibitdynamicplasticity,constantlyadaptingandreorganizingthroughoutanindividual'slifetime.Recentadvancementsinneuroimagingtechnologieshaveprovidedresearcherswithunprecedentedinsightsintobrainactivity.TechniquessuchasfunctionalMagneticResonanceImaging(fMRI)andPositronEmissionTomography(PET)allowscientiststoobserveneuralactivityinrealtime,correlatingspecificbrainregionswithparticularfunctionsorcognitiveprocesses.Whilethesetoolshavesignificantlyenhancedourunderstanding,theyprimarilyrevealcorrelationsratherthancausations.Pinpointingthepreciseneuralpathwaysandmoleculareventsunderlyingmemoryformation,forinstance,requiresmoresophisticatedmethodologiesthatcantrackindividualneuronsandsynapticchangeswithhighprecision.Thestudyofanimalmodels,suchasrodentsandprimates,hasbeeninstrumentalinunravelingfundamentalprinciplesofbrainfunction.Experimentsonthesecreatureshavedemonstratedthecriticalroleofsynapticplasticityinlearningandmemory.Forexample,thediscoveryoflong-termpotentiation(LTP)andlong-termdepression(LTD)providedcrucialevidenceforhowsynapticconnectionscanbestrengthenedorweakenedovertime,therebyencodinginformation.Nevertheless,translatingfindingsfromanimalstudiestohumanbrainsnecessitatescautiousinterpretation,giventheinherentdifferencesinbrainstructureandcognitiveabilitiesbetweenspecies.Understandingthebrain'scomplexityalsoinvolvesacknowledgingthediversityofitsfunctions.Differentcognitivetasks,suchasperception,decision-making,andlanguageprocessing,relyondistinctneuralnetworksthatoftenoverlap.Thisintricateinterplaybetweenspecializedandintegratedcircuitsmakesitchallengingtoattributespecificfunctionstoisolatedbrainregions.Moreover,thebrain'scapacityforadaptation,knownasneuroplasticity,meansthatitsfunctionalorganizationcanbealteredbyexperience,learning,andeveninjury.Thisremarkableflexibilityunderscoresthedifficultyoffullymappingthebrain'scapabilitiesbasedonstaticsnapshotsofitsactivity.Questions:1.Accordingtothepassage,whatremainslargelyunknownaboutthehumanbrain?2.Whathasbeentheimpactofneuroimagingtechnologiesonourunderstandingofthebrain?3.Howhavestudiesonanimalmodelscontributedtoourknowledgeofmemoryformation?4.Whatchallengedoesthediversityofbrainfunctionspresenttoresearchers?5.Whatdoestheconceptofneuroplasticityimplyaboutthebrain'sadaptability?Passage2Theriseofthedigitaleconomyhasprofoundlyreshapedtraditionalbusinessmodelsacrossnumerousindustries.Companiesthatoncereliedheavilyonphysicalretailspacesarenowexpandingtheironlinepresence,leveraginge-commerceplatformstoreachaglobalcustomerbase.Thisshifthasnotonlyalteredconsumerbehaviorbuthasalsocreatednewchallengesandopportunitiesforbusinesses.Theconvenienceofonlineshopping,coupledwiththevastarrayofchoicesavailable,hasraisedexpectationsforpersonalizedexperiencesandseamlessservice.Tothriveinthisdigitallandscape,businessesmustadoptamultifacetedapproach.Firstly,theyneedtoinvestinrobustdigitalinfrastructure,includinguser-friendlywebsites,securepaymentsystems,andefficientlogisticsnetworks.Secondly,dataanalyticsplaysapivotalroleinunderstandingcustomerpreferencesandtailoringmarketingstrategiesaccordingly.Byharnessingbigdata,companiescangaininsightsintoconsumertrends,optimizeproductofferings,andenhancecustomerengagement.Thirdly,fosteringastrongonlinecommunitythroughsocialmediaandotherdigitalchannelscanhelpbuildbrandloyaltyanddriverepeatbusiness.However,thedigitaltransformationisnotwithoutitshurdles.Cybersecuritythreatsposeasignificantrisktobusinessesofallsizes,potentiallyleadingtodatabreaches,financiallosses,andreputationaldamage.Moreover,therapidpaceoftechnologicalinnovationrequirescompaniestoremainagileandcontinuouslyadapttheirstrategies.Stagnationcanquicklyresultinobsolescence,ascompetitorswhoembracedigitaladvancementscangainacompetitiveedge.Additionally,thedigitaldivide—disparitiesinaccesstotechnologyanddigitalliteracy—remainsachallenge,particularlyinunderservedregions.Theimpactofthedigitaleconomyextendsbeyondindividualbusinessestobroadereconomicandsocialdynamics.Ononehand,ithasspurredjobcreationinemergingfieldssuchasdigitalmarketing,datascience,ande-commercemanagement.Ontheotherhand,ithasalsoledtothedisplacementoftraditionaljobs,particularlyinindustriesheavilyreliantonphysicallabor.Policymakersfacethetaskofmitigatingthesenegativeeffectswhilemaximizingthebenefitsofdigitalization.Thisincludesinvestingineducationandtrainingprogramstoequiptheworkforcewiththenecessarydigitalskillsandimplementingregulationstoensurefaircompetitionandconsumerprotection.Questions:6.Howhasthedigitaleconomyaffectedtraditionalretailbusinesses?7.Whatroledoesdataanalyticsplayinthedigitaltransformationofcompanies?8.Whataresomeofthechallengesassociatedwiththedigitaleconomy?9.Howdoesthedigitaleconomyimpactthejobmarketandrequirepolicyresponses?10.Whatcharacteristicofthedigitaleconomynecessitatescontinuousadaptationfrombusinesses?Passage3Sustainabledevelopmenthasemergedasacriticalglobalconcern,drivenbygrowingawarenessofenvironmentaldegradation,resourcedepletion,andsocialinequality.Theconceptencompasseseconomicgrowth,socialinclusion,andenvironmentalprotection,aimingtomeettheneedsofthepresentwithoutcompromisingtheabilityoffuturegenerationstomeettheirownneeds.Achievingsustainabilityrequiresaholisticapproachthatintegratesenvironmental,economic,andsocialconsiderationsintodecision-makingprocessesatalllevels,fromindividualchoicestonationalpolicies.Oneofthekeypillarsofsustainabledevelopmentisenvironmentalconservation.Climatechange,deforestation,pollution,andbiodiversitylossareamongthepressingissuesthatnecessitateurgentaction.Renewableenergyadoption,sustainableagriculturepractices,andconservationeffortsareessentialstepstowardmitigatingenvironmentalharm.Governments,businesses,andcommunitiesmustcollaboratetoreducecarbonemissions,protectnaturalhabitats,andpromoteresourceefficiency.Technologicalinnovations,suchascarboncaptureandstoragetechnologies,alsoholdpromiseforaddressingenvironmentalchallengesmoreeffectively.Economicsustainabilityisanothervitalcomponent,focusingoncreatingresilientandinclusiveeconomiesthatcanwithstandshocksandprovideopportunitiesforall.Thisinvolvestransitioningtolow-carboneconomicmodels,investingingreentechnologies,andfosteringequitablegrowth.Circulareconomyprinciples,whichemphasizeminimizingwasteandmaximizingresourceuse,offerapathwaytodecoupleeconomicdevelopmentfromenvironmentaldegradation.Moreover,sustainableinfrastructuredevelopment,suchasefficientpublictransportationsystemsandgreenbuildings,cancontributetobotheconomicandenvironmentalsustainability.Socialsustainabilityensuresthatdevelopmentbenefitsallmembersofsociety,promotingequity,health,education,andsocialcohesion.Accesstoqualitybasicservices,suchascleanwater,sanitation,andhealthcare,isfundamentaltosocialwell-being.Empoweringmarginalizedcommunitiesandaddressingincomeinequalityarealsocrucialforachievingsocialsustainability.Culturaldiversityandheritagepreservationareadditionalaspectsthatshouldbeintegratedintosustainabledevelopmentframeworks,astheycontributetosocietalresilienceandidentity.Despitetheprogressmadeinrecentyears,significantobstaclesremainonthepathtosustainabledevelopment.Short-termeconomicinterestsoftentakeprecedenceoverlong-termenvironmentalandsocialconsiderations.Internationalcooperationisessentialtoaddresstransboundaryissues,suchasclimatechangeandoceanpollution,whichrequirecoordinatedglobalefforts.Publicawarenessandengagementareequallyimportant,asindividualactionscancollectivelymakeasubstantialdifference.Byembracingsustainabilityasasharedresponsibility,societiescanworktowardamoreprosperous,equitable,andenvironmentallysoundfuture.Questions:11.Whatistheprimarygoalofsustainabledevelopmentasdescribedinthepassage?12.Whataresomeoftheenvironmentalchallengesthatsustainabledevelopmentaimstoaddress?13.Howdoesthetransitiontoacirculareconomycontributetoeconomicsustainability?14.Whatisthesignificanceofsocialsustainabilityinthecontextofdevelopment?15.Whatrolesdointernationalcooperationandpublicawarenessplayinachievingsustainability?Passage4Theartofstorytellinghasbeenanintegralpartofhumanculturesinceancienttimes,servingasameansofpreservinghistory,transmittingvalues,andfosteringsocialbonds.Inthepast,storieswereprimarilysharedorally,passeddownthroughgenerationsbyeldersorstorytellers.Thesenarrativesoftencarriedmorallessons,culturaltraditions,andhistoricalaccounts,shapingthecollectiveidentityandworldviewofcommunities.Theoraltradition,whilepowerful,facedthechallengeofinaccuraciesandalterationsovertimeduetotheabsenceofwrittenrecords.Theinventionofwritingsystemsrevolutionizedthewaystorieswererecordedanddisseminated.Epics,myths,andfableswerecommittedtoparchmentorlatertopaper,ensuringgreateraccuracyandlongevity.Thisshiftallowedforthepreservationofculturalheritageandfacilitatedthespreadofstoriesacrosswidergeographicalareas.However,accesstowrittenmaterialswasinitiallylimitedtotheelite,asbookswereexpensiveandliteracyrateswerelow.Thisexclusivitymeantthatthemajorityofthepopulationcontinuedtorelyonoralstorytellingfortheirnarrativeexperiences.Theadventoftheprintingpressinthe15thcenturymarkedasignificantturningpointinthedemocratizationofstorytelling.Theabilitytoproducebooksinlargerquantitiesandatlowercostsmadeliteraturemoreaccessibletothebroaderpublic.Thisperiodsawtheproliferationofprintedmaterials,includingnovels,shortstories,andnewspapers,whichdiversifiedthelandscapeofnarrativeforms.Theriseofliteracyratesfurtherexpandedtheaudienceforwrittenstories,fosteringacultureofreadingandstorytellingthatcontinuestothrivetoday.Thedigitalagehasintroducedyetanothertransformationinstorytelling,characterizedbytheriseofmultimediaplatformsanddigitalcontent.Theinternet,smartphones,andsocialmediahavecreatednewavenuesforstorytelling,enablingcreatorstoreachglobalaudienceswithunprecedentedease.Digitalnarrativesencompassawiderangeofformats,includingpodcasts,videogames,interactivewebsites,andvirtualrealityexperiences.Theseinnovationshaveblurredthelinesbetweentraditionalanddigitalstorytelling,offeringimmersiveandinteractiveexperiencesthatengageaudiencesinnovelways.However,thedigitalrevolutionhasalsobroughtchallengestotheartofstorytelling.Therapidpaceofcontentcreationandconsumptionhasledtoinformationoverload,makingitdifficultforindividualstoriestocaptureattention.Issuesofmisinformationandthespreadoffakenewsfurthercomplicatethelandscape,asaudiencesstruggletodiscerncrediblenarratives.Moreover,thecommercializationofdigitalcontenthassometimesprioritizedprofitoverartisticquality,potentiallyunderminingtheculturalsignificanceofstorytelling.Despitethesechallenges,theenduringpowerofnarrativesremainsevident,asstoriescontinuetoconnectpeople,conveymeaning,andinspirechangeacrossculturesandgenerations.Questions:16.Whatwastheprimarypurposeoforalstorytellinginancientsocieties?17.Howdidtheinventionofwritingsystemsimpactthepreservationanddisseminationofstories?18.Whatroledidtheprintingpressplayinmakingliteraturemoreaccessible?19.Howhasthedigitalagetransformedthelandscapeofstorytelling?20.Whataresomeofthechallengesassociatedwithdigitalstorytellinginthemodernera?試卷答案1.D2.B3.C4.A5.E6.B7.D8.A9.C10.F11.G12.H13.I14.J15.K16.L17.M18.N19.O20.P解析1.解析思路：根據(jù)文章第一段第二句“However,despitedecadesofresearch,theexactmechanismsgoverningitsoperations,particularlyintermsofhowmemoriesareformedandretrieved,remainonlypartiallyunderstood.”可知，盡管進(jìn)行了數(shù)十年的研究，但關(guān)于其運(yùn)行機(jī)制，特別是在記憶形成和檢索方面，仍然只有部分被理解。因此，正確選項(xiàng)是D（關(guān)于記憶形成和檢索的確切機(jī)制在很大程度上仍然未知）。2.解析思路：根據(jù)文章第二段第一句“Recentadvancementsinneuroimagingtechnologieshaveprovidedresearcherswithunprecedentedinsightsintobrainactivity.”可知，神經(jīng)影像技術(shù)的最新進(jìn)展為研究人員提供了對(duì)大腦活動(dòng)的前所未有的見(jiàn)解。因此，正確選項(xiàng)是B（神經(jīng)影像技術(shù)使我們能夠以前所未有的洞察力觀察大腦活動(dòng)）。3.解析思路：根據(jù)文章第三段第二句“Experimentsonthesecreatureshavedemonstratedthecriticalroleofsynapticplasticityinlearningandmemory.”可知，對(duì)這些生物的實(shí)驗(yàn)已經(jīng)證明了突觸可塑性在學(xué)習(xí)和記憶中的關(guān)鍵作用。因此，正確選項(xiàng)是C（動(dòng)物模型的研究證明了突觸可塑性在學(xué)習(xí)和記憶中的關(guān)鍵作用）。4.解析思路：根據(jù)文章第四段第一句“Theunderstandingofthebrain'scomplexityalsoinvolvesacknowledgingthediversityofitsfunctions.”可知，理解大腦的復(fù)雜性也涉及承認(rèn)其功能的多樣性。因此，正確選項(xiàng)是A（大腦功能的多樣性給研究人員帶來(lái)了挑戰(zhàn)）。5.解析思路：根據(jù)文章第四段最后一句“Thisremarkableflexibilityunderscoresthedifficultyoffullymappingthebrain'scapabilitiesbasedonstaticsnapshotsofitsactivity.”可知，這種非凡的靈活性強(qiáng)調(diào)了基于對(duì)其活動(dòng)的靜態(tài)快照來(lái)全面繪制大腦能力之困難。因此，正確選項(xiàng)是E（神經(jīng)可塑性意味著大腦具有適應(yīng)性）。6.解析思路：根據(jù)文章第一段第一句“Theriseofthedigitaleconomyhasprofoundlyreshapedtraditionalbusinessmodelsacrossnumerousindustries.Companiesthatoncereliedheavilyonphysicalretailspacesarenowexpandingtheironlinepresence,leveraginge-commerceplatformstoreachaglobalcustomerbase.”可知，數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展已經(jīng)深刻地改變了眾多行業(yè)的傳統(tǒng)商業(yè)模式。曾經(jīng)高度依賴實(shí)體零售空間的公司現(xiàn)在正在擴(kuò)大其在線業(yè)務(wù)，利用電子商務(wù)平臺(tái)來(lái)覆蓋全球客戶群。因此，正確選項(xiàng)是B（數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)使傳統(tǒng)零售企業(yè)擴(kuò)展在線業(yè)務(wù)，利用電子商務(wù)平臺(tái)覆蓋全球客戶群）。7.解析思路：根據(jù)文章第二段第二句“Dataanalyticsplaysapivotalroleinunderstandingcustomerpreferencesandtailoringmarketingstrategiesaccordingly.Byharnessingbigdata,companiescangaininsightsintoconsumertrends,optimizeproductofferings,andenhancecustomerengagement.”可知，數(shù)據(jù)分析在了解客戶偏好和相應(yīng)調(diào)整營(yíng)銷策略方面發(fā)揮著關(guān)鍵作用。通過(guò)利用大數(shù)據(jù)，公司可以獲得對(duì)消費(fèi)者趨勢(shì)的洞察，優(yōu)化產(chǎn)品供應(yīng)，并增強(qiáng)客戶參與度。因此，正確選項(xiàng)是D（數(shù)據(jù)分析幫助公司了解客戶偏好，調(diào)整營(yíng)銷策略，并優(yōu)化產(chǎn)品供應(yīng)）。8.解析思路：根據(jù)文章第三段第一句“However,thedigitaltransformationisnotwithoutitshurdles.Cybersecuritythreatsposeasignificantrisktobusinessesofallsizes,potentiallyleadingtodatabreaches,financiallosses,andreputationaldamage.”可知，然而，數(shù)字化轉(zhuǎn)型并非沒(méi)有障礙。網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全威脅對(duì)所有規(guī)模的企業(yè)都構(gòu)成重大風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，可能導(dǎo)致數(shù)據(jù)泄露、財(cái)務(wù)損失和聲譽(yù)損害。因此，正確選項(xiàng)是A（網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全威脅是數(shù)字轉(zhuǎn)型帶來(lái)的一個(gè)挑戰(zhàn)）。9.解析思路：根據(jù)文章第四段第一句“Theimpactofthedigitaleconomyextendsbeyondindividualbusinessestobroadereconomicandsocialdynamics.Ononehand,ithasspurredjobcreationinemergingfieldssuchasdigitalmarketing,datascience,ande-commercemanagement.”可知，數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)的影響超出了單個(gè)企業(yè)，擴(kuò)展到了更廣泛的經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)動(dòng)態(tài)。一方面，它刺激了數(shù)字營(yíng)銷、數(shù)據(jù)科學(xué)和電子商務(wù)管理等新興領(lǐng)域的就業(yè)創(chuàng)造。因此，正確選項(xiàng)是C（數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)創(chuàng)造了新興領(lǐng)域的就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)，但也導(dǎo)致了傳統(tǒng)工作的流失，需要政策應(yīng)對(duì)）。10.解析思路：根據(jù)文章第三段第三句“Therapidpaceoftechnologicalinnovationrequirescompaniestoremainagileandcontinuouslyadapttheirstrategies.Stagnationcanquicklyresultinobsolescence,ascompetitorswhoembracedigitaladvancementscangainacompetitiveedge.”可知，技術(shù)創(chuàng)新的快速發(fā)展要求公司保持敏捷并不斷調(diào)整其策略。停滯不前可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致迅速過(guò)時(shí)，因?yàn)閾肀?shù)字進(jìn)步的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手可以獲得競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì)。因此，正確選項(xiàng)是F（技術(shù)創(chuàng)新的快速發(fā)展要求公司不斷調(diào)整其策略）。11.解析思路：根據(jù)文章第一段最后一句“Theconceptencompasseseconomicgrowth,socialinclusion,andenvironmentalprotection,aimingtomeettheneedsofthepresentwithoutcompromisingtheabilityoffuturegenerationstomeettheirownneeds.”可知，該概念包括經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)、社會(huì)包容和環(huán)境保護(hù)，旨在滿足當(dāng)前需求，同時(shí)不損害子孫后代滿足其自身需求的能力。因此，正確選項(xiàng)是G（可持續(xù)發(fā)展旨在滿足當(dāng)前需求，同時(shí)不損害子孫后代滿足其自身需求的能力）。12.解析思路：根據(jù)文章第二段第一句“Thekeypillarsofsustainabledevelopmentareenvironmentalconservation.Climatechange,deforestation,pollution,andbiodiversitylossareamongthepressingissuesthatnecessitateurgentaction.”可知，可持續(xù)發(fā)展的關(guān)鍵支柱是環(huán)境保護(hù)。氣候變化、森林砍伐、污染和生物多樣性喪失是迫在眉睫的問(wèn)題，需要采取緊急行動(dòng)。因此，正確選項(xiàng)是H（可持續(xù)發(fā)展旨在解決氣候變化、森林砍伐、污染和生物多樣性喪失等環(huán)境問(wèn)題）。13.解析思路：根據(jù)文章第三段第三句“Circulareconomyprinciples,whichemphasizeminimizingwasteandmaximizingresourceuse,offerapathwaytodecoupleeconomicdevelopmentfromenvironmentaldegradation.”可知，循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)原則，即強(qiáng)調(diào)最大限度地減少浪費(fèi)和最大限度地利用資源，為將經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展與環(huán)境污染脫鉤提供了一條途徑。因此，正確選項(xiàng)是I（循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)原則通過(guò)減少浪費(fèi)和最大化資源利用，為經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展與環(huán)境污染脫鉤提供了一條途徑）。14.解析思路：根據(jù)文章第四段第一句“Socialsustainabilityensuresthatdevelopmentbenefitsallmembersofsociety,promotingequity,health,education,andsocialcohesion.”可知，社會(huì)可持續(xù)性確保發(fā)展使社會(huì)所有成員受益，促進(jìn)公平、健康、教育和社會(huì)凝聚力。因此，正確選項(xiàng)是J（社會(huì)可持續(xù)性確保發(fā)展使社會(huì)所有成員受益，促進(jìn)公平、健康、教育和社會(huì)凝聚力）。15.解析思路：根據(jù)文章最后一段第二句“Internationalcooperationisessentialtoaddresstransboundaryissues,suchasclimatechangeandoceanpollution,whichrequirecoordinatedglobalefforts.”可知，