德伯家的苔絲presentationContentsTheAuthorAnalysisonCharactersMainIdeaPlotoftheTextAnalysisontheText2ThomasHardy

(1840~1928)3ThomasHardyLifeWorksTheme&StylePosition&Evaluation4LifeThomasHardywasanEnglishnovelist,shortwriterandpoet.HewasaVictorianpoet.Heusedhiswritingstoelaboratehisownpessimisticviewoflife.5Life1840wasborninDorsetshire1848attendedJuliaMartin'sschool1856wasapprenticed（當(dāng)學(xué)徒）toalocalarchitect1862wassenttoLondon1867wrotepoetryandnovels1874marriedEmmaRavenna1910wasawardedtheOrderofMerit1914marriedFlorenceDugale1928died6Works1867ThePoorManandTheLady1871DesperateRemedies1872UndertheGreenwoodTree1873APairofBlueEyes1874FarFromtheMaddingCrowd1878TheReturnoftheNative1886TheMayorofCasterbridge1887TheWoodlanders1891TessoftheD'Urebevilles1895JudetheObscure7WorksShortStories1888

WessexTales1894

Life’sLittleIronies…Poetry1904~1908

TheDynasts8大家有疑問的，可以詢問和交流可以互相討論下，但要小聲點(diǎn)9WorksHisnovelswerepublishedinserialformsinmagazinesandpopularinbothEnglandandAmerica.However,despitethepraiseHardy'sfictionreceived,manycriticsalsofoundhisworkstooshocking,especiallyTessoftheD'UrbervillesandJudetheObscure.TheoutcryagainstJudewassogreatthatHardydecidedtostopwritingnovelsandreturntohisfirstgreatlove,poetry.1011Theme&StyleThemefatalismandpessimism--man'slifecontrolledbyhostile,cruel,mysteriousfate--apessmisticveinrunsthroughouthisnovelssympathyforthepeasants12Theme&StyleStyleNaturalismpreviousRomanticEnlightenmentperiodsofliteratureanaturalistictendencyarchitecturalstructurepersonificationandsymbolism13Theme&StyleNaturalisminthenineteenthcenturyaproductofpost-DarwinianbiologyaliterarymovementasaccuratelyaspossiblewithoutartificialdistortionsRomanticduringthefirstthirdofthenineteenthcenturyartisticphilosophyrelianceuponemotionandnaturalpassionsuniquenatureoftheindividual14Position&EvaluationHispoetrymarksthetransitionfromtheVictorianAgetothemodernistmovementofthe20thcentury.15AnalysisonCharactersTessDurbeyfieldAlecd’UrbervilleAngelClare16TessDurbeyfieldIntelligent,strikinglyattractive,deepmoralsensitivity,passionateintensityamythicheroineSt.TeresaofAvila(圣女大德蘭)Theresa“DaughterofNature”inChapter18“Artemis”and“Demeter”inChapter2017TessDurbeyfieldamythicalincarnationofwomanhoodhereyesare“neitherblacknorbluenorgreynorviolet;ratheralltheseshadestogether,”like“analmoststandardwoman.”a“standard”story18TessDurbeyfieldthechangingroleoftheagriculturalworkersinEnglandinthelatenineteenthcenturyfinancialconstraintsaristocracyinTess'sbloodnotquiteuptothelevelofAlec’sorAngel’sasymbolofunclearandunstablenotionsofclass1920Alecd’UrbervillethenemesisanddownfallofTess’slifeAlexandertheGreatAlexanderStoke-d’Urbervillethesplitcharacterofhisfamilydividedduplicitous21Alecd’Urbervillediabolical殘忍的，惡魔的Thefirstpartofhissurnameconjuresassociationswithfieryenergies,asinthestokingofafurnaceortheflamesofhell.HeseducesherastheserpentinGenesisseducedEve.Alecdoesnottrytohidehisbadqualities.22“"IsupposeIamabadfellow—adamnbadfellow.Iwasbornbad,andIhavelivedbad,andIshalldiebad,inallprobability."23Alecd’UrbervilleHerepresentsalargermoralprincipleratherthanarealindividualman.LikeSatan,Alecsymbolizesthebaseforcesoflifethatdriveapersonawayfrommoralperfectionandgreatness.2425AngelClareafreethinkingsonbornintothefamilyofaprovincialparsonarebelliousstrivingtowardapersonalvisionofgoodnesssecularist

現(xiàn)世主義者，世俗主義者workforthe“honorandgloryofman”atypicalyoungnineteenth-centuryprogressiveHerejectsthevalueshandedtohim,andsetsoffinsearchofhisown.26AngelClareAngelisnotquiteofthisworld,butfloatsaboveitinatranscendentsphereofhisown.hisloveforTessmaybeabstract"DaughterofNature"or"Demeter"Angel’sidealsofhumanpurityaretooelevatedtobeappliedtoactualpeople.27Itisnottheangelwhoguidesthehumaninthisnovel,butthehumanwhoinstructstheangel,althoughatthecostofherownlife.2829MainIdeaTesscomesfromafarmer’sfamily,theDurbeyfields.Shehaslivedapoorbutpeacefullife.theyaredescendedfromtheD’Urbervilles.thegirlcomesincontactwiththeStoke,D’Urbervilles.ThereshemeetsAlecD’Urbervilles,whoshowsofftheestateandalwaysseducesher.Beinghumiliatedandresolute,Tessreturnshome,andgivesbirthtoababywhodiessoonTesshastoleavehomeandgoestoworkasadairymaidatadistantfarm,whereshemeetsAngelClaire.Theyfallinlove,butAngelabandonher.30MainideaAlecD’Urbervilles,theevilpersonappearsagain.HetakesadvantageoftheDurbeyfields’povertyandcontinuestotemptTess.AngelClaire,whoisremorsefulforhismercilessness,comesback,buttofindthecruelreality.AfterAngelleaves,shestabsAlecintheheartandkillshim.ThenshefollowsAngelandescapewithhimTheymanagetohideforawhileinawoodbeforetheycometoStonehenge,wheresheisarrested.Sheishangedlater.31TheplotofChapterLVIII32ChapterLIX33Thelastparagraph“Justice”wasdone,andthePresidentoftheImmortals(inAeschyleanphrase)hadendedhissportwithTess.Andthed’Urbervilleknightsanddamessleptonintheirtombsunknowing.Thetwospeechlessgazersbentthemselvesdowntotheearth,asifinprayer,andremainedtherealongtime,absolutelymotionless:theflagcontinuedtowavesilently.Assoonastheyhadstrengththeyarose,joinedhandsagain,andwenton.“死刑”執(zhí)行了，用埃斯庫羅斯的話說，那個眾神之王對苔絲的戲弄也就結(jié)束了。德貝維爾家的騎士和夫人們在墳?zāi)估锾芍?，對這件事一無所知。那兩個一言不發(fā)的觀看的人，把身體躬到了地上，仿佛正在祈禱，他們就那樣躬著，過了好久好久，一動也不動。黑旗繼續(xù)不聲不響地在風(fēng)中飄著。他們等到有了力氣，就站起來，又手拉著手往前走34IntheGreektragedianAeschylus’PrometheusBound,

Prometheusdaredtostealfirefromthegodsforthebenefitofmen,thusimprovinghumanlife,buthewaspunishedbyeternalagonysentbythepresidentofthegods.Aeschylus’sviewofthatdivinejusticewasironic—justasHardy’sjusticeisplacedinironicquotationmarks—sinceitseemeddeeplyunjusttopunishPrometheussoseverely.Analysis35AnalysisHowever,comparedwithPrometheus’sbravedeed,Tess’ssufferingseemssimplyagameor“sport”.ItishardtoknowwhetherTesshasbroughtanybenefitstoanyone.Inanycase,HardyhintsthatTess’slifemayhaveam