選擇性必修第三冊(cè)

Unit5

Learningfromnature

?主場(chǎng)語境：人與自然（學(xué)習(xí)自然）

自主學(xué)習(xí)夯實(shí)基礎(chǔ)

Part1單元詞匯分類自測(cè)

8.backtowardthecottage返

回鄉(xiāng)村小屋

9.indoorplumbing室內(nèi)管道

l.afishpond一個(gè)魚

系統(tǒng)

塘

閱讀10.areddragonfly一只紅蜻

2a.decentjob一份相當(dāng)好的工作

詞匯蜓

3.anaturalmound一個(gè)天然的土丘

11.weatherradar氣象雷達(dá)

4.domesticanimals馴養(yǎng)的動(dòng)物

語境12.alandscapearchitect

5.carbondioxide二氧化碳

識(shí)意位景觀建筑師

6.thefrontiersofscience科學(xué)前沿

13.mimichumanthought模

7a.spiderweb蜘蛛網(wǎng)

仿人類思維

14.therightstyleofswimsuit

款式得當(dāng)?shù)挠斡疽?/p>

第一組：動(dòng)詞變形第二組：名詞、形容詞變形

1.employv.使用，運(yùn)用femployment9.physiciann.醫(yī)生fphysical

n.工作；職業(yè)；就業(yè)；雇用femployed〃的.身體上的；物理的fphysicist

拓展。的.被雇用的f（反義詞）unemployed兒物理學(xué)家

詞匯。力.失業(yè)的femployeen.雇員10.architectn.建筑師

一employern.雇主architecturen.建筑風(fēng)格，建

變形2.withdrawv.退出一（過去式）筑設(shè)計(jì)farchitectural建筑學(xué)

拼寫withdrew->（過去分詞）的；建筑方面的

withdrawn-*withdrawaln.撤走；取回11.出速。時(shí).充滿智慧的；明智的

3.depressv.使抑郁;使沮喪deDressionfwisdomn.智慧fwiselyadv.

n.抑郁；沮喪fdepressive〃“抑郁的聰明地；英明地

fdepressingadj.令人抑郁的；令人沮喪12.decent。力.可接受的,相當(dāng)好

的一depressedadj.抑郁的；沮喪的的一decenlly體面地；合適

4.deparlv.離開fdeparlure〃.離開；地fdecencyn.正派；得體

起程；出發(fā)13.dclibcratc。力.不慌不忙他,從

5.fulfilv.實(shí)現(xiàn)；履行；執(zhí)行ffulfilment容不迫的；故意的fdeliberately

n.滿足（感）ffulfilled4步感到滿足的;4A.不慌不忙地，從容不迫地

覺得滿意的ffulfilling.令人滿足14.reluctantB/.不情愿的；勉強(qiáng)

的，使人有成就感的的一reluctancen.不情愿

6.evaluatev.評(píng)估，評(píng)價(jià)一evaluationreluctantly（〃勿.不情愿地；勉強(qiáng)

〃.估計(jì)；評(píng)價(jià)地

7.rcsignv.使自己順從于（做）某事；安15.pureadj.純的;純潔的fpurity

于一resignedadj.逆來順受的：順從的n.純潔：潔凈fpurifyv.使?jié)?/p>

fresignationn.順從；辭職凈；凈化fimpurity〃.不純；雜

8.rejectv.拒絕接受frejection〃.拒絕；質(zhì)-*impure不純的

否決

學(xué)生用書第258頁

?掌握規(guī)律?詞匯拓展，

形容詞后綴-ic/-（a）tic表示“屬于……的，具有……，性質(zhì)的”。

①energy精力-energetic精力充沛的②organ器官；機(jī)構(gòu)-organic有機(jī)的

③enthusiasm熱情fenthusiastic熱情的④history歷史一historic有歷史意義的

?science科學(xué)fscienlific科學(xué)的?system系統(tǒng)fsystematic系統(tǒng)的

核心1.(2024?浙江1月卷)Therearethings8.Hisproposalwasrepeatedly

詞匯youcandotoease(ease)thisreiecied.Herrejectionofhimmade

—problem.himgobackintohisshell.(reject)

單句2.(2023?新課標(biāo)H卷)Program9.Thewaterinthiswellisverypure

應(yīng)用evaluations(evaluate)showthatkidsbutsomepeoplestillworryaboutthe

eatmorevegetablesasaresultofthepurityoftapwater.Weknowtheir

classes.conclusionsarepurely

3.(2023-全國(guó)乙卷)BorntoaJewishspeculative.(pure)

familyinFlorence,shemovedto10.Hcisawiseman,andhecan

Pariswheresheworkedasahandleconflictscalmlyandwisely,so

physician(physical)andperformedhiswisdommakesmeadmirehim

surgery.verymuch.(wise)

4.Dr.Rowan,whosesecretary11.Ifyoufulfilyourtaskaheadof

resigned(resign)twoweeksago,hastime,youwillhaveasenseof

hadtodoallhisowntyping.fulfilment.(fulfil)

5.Hepackeduphispossessions12.ItisnotclearwhethertheInternet

slowlyanddeliberately(deliberate).causesdepressionordepressedpeople

6.Thegeneralisreportedtohavearedrawntoit.(depress)

authorizedthewithdrawal13.Theemployerdecidedtoemploy

(withdraw)oftroopsfromthefields.Tomashersecretaryandshehopedto

7.Thereareseveraldepantureshaveatalkwithheremployeebefore

(depart)forNewYorkeveryday.hecametowork.(employ)

Part2短語句式教材精選

【.選擇合適的短語并用其正確形式填空

breakoutof,ateasewith,comeabout,twenty-fourSolarTerms,lakeinspiration

from,forgood,inotherwords,seeksolutionsto,succeedin,ontheedgeof,comeinto

being,resignoneselfto,besupposedtodo?beopposedto

1.Obviously,manypeopleareopposedtotheideaofbuildinganewhighway

throughthepark.

2.Scientistshavemanytheoriesabouthowtheuniversecameintobeing.

3.Asanativespeaker,sheisateasewithEnglish.

4.Weneedtoseeksolutionstotheenvironmentalproblemswearefacing.

5.Shemadeapromisetohimthatwhentheygotengagedshewouldgiveup

cigarettesforgood.

6.Wehadnoideawherewewere.Inotherwords,wecouldn'tgetbackalongthe

originaltrackatall.

7.Aftermonthsoftiyingtochangehersituation,sheresignedherselftoaccepting

thingsastheywere.

8.Youaresupposedtofinishyourhomeworkbeforeyougooutwithyourfriends.

9.Theartisttookinspirationfromnaturewhencreatinghisbeautifullandscape

paintings.

10.Shesucceededinfinishingherprojectbeforeihedeadlinelastweek.

學(xué)生用書第259頁

II.根據(jù)所給漢語和要求完成下面的句子

1.他說得太快了，以至于不能清楚地表達(dá)巨己的意思。(so...that…引導(dǎo)結(jié)果

狀語從句)

Hespokesofast(halhecouldn'texpresshimselfclearly.

2.比爾?蓋茨的微軟使他成為商界的一個(gè)奇才。(make+賓語+名訶作賓語補(bǔ)

足語)

BillGates'Microsoftmakeshimaphenomenoninthebusinessworld.

深度學(xué)習(xí)

Parti核心詞匯多維練談

Uemploy（教材義）使用，運(yùn)用；（補(bǔ)充義）。.雇用

巧歸納

(1)employsbtodosth

雇用/聘請(qǐng)某人做某事

(2)beemployedindoingsth

忙于做某事

(3)cmploymentn.

雇用；使用，利用；工作

@InJapan,someonewhowitnessesanotherpersonem—loying(employ)the

gesturemightthinkitmeansmoney.

②Menandwomenmustbetreatedequallyineducationandemployment

（employ）.

③［應(yīng)用文寫作之人物介紹］我媽媽是一位老師，她的時(shí)間都用在教學(xué)和照顧

家人上。

Mymotherisateacherwhosetimeisemployedinteachingandtakingcareofthe

family.

④（2023?全國(guó)甲卷）Carsonprovesthatasimpleliteraryformthathasbeenpassed

downthroughtheagescanstillbeemployed（employ）todaytodrawattentionto

importanttruths.

0ease（教材義）〃.舒適，悠閑；（補(bǔ)充義）。.減輕，放松；使容易

巧歸納

(l)withcase輕易地；毫不費(fèi)力地

feel/lookatease感到/看上去放松

putsbatease使某人放松

(2)easesbof...減輕某人的...

easethepain/pressure/burden

減輕疼痛/壓力/負(fù)擔(dān)

①［讀后續(xù)寫之神態(tài)描寫］她的嘴角露出一抹溫柔的笑意，使我們放松下來。

Agentlesmiledancedaroundthecornersofhermouth,makingusfeelat

casc/puttingusatease.

②雖然她羨慕同齡人談笑自如，但她的羞怯常常使她保持沉默。

Whilesheenviedtheeasewithwhichherpeerstalkedandlaughed,hershyness

oftenkeptherquiet.

③杰夫把繩子的一端系在背上的皮帶上，另一端系在皮艇上，慢慢地跳入水

中。

Withoneendofaropetiedtoabeltaroundhisbackandtheotherendtothe

kayak,Jeffcasedhimselfintothewater.

④對(duì)于課業(yè)負(fù)擔(dān)很重的高中生來說，打籃球是緩解巨大學(xué)習(xí)壓力的最好方法，

同時(shí)也能找到一些樂趣。

Forhighschoolstudentswithheavyacademicloads,playingbasketballisthebest

waytoeasethehugepressureofsludyandhavesomefunatthesametime.

學(xué)生用書第260頁

Part2經(jīng)典句式寫作迂移

■句型公式：so.“that…如此...以至于

巧歸納

(l)so...lhat…如此...以至于，s。為副調(diào)，修飾形容詞；that為連詞，引

導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句。

(2)so修飾形容詞或副詞，不修飾名詞，但可在somany,sofew后跟可數(shù)名

詞復(fù)數(shù)，在somuch,solittle后跟不可數(shù)名詞。

①［讀后續(xù)寫之場(chǎng)景心理描寫］在我們回家的路上，雨下得很大，我們不禁想

知道要多久才能到那里。

Onourwaytothehouse,itwasrainings。hardthatwecouldn'thelpwondering

howlongitwouldtaketogetthere.

②［讀后續(xù)寫之場(chǎng)景描寫1今年夏天這里雨水很少，我們不得不給菜園澆水。

Thereissoliltleeainihissummerhereihalwehavetowaterthevegetablegarden.

③［應(yīng)用文寫作之建議信］我相信這種分組方式非常合理，這將極大促進(jìn)同學(xué)

們練習(xí)口語的積極性，提高英語水平。

Ibelievethisgroupingmethodwillbesoreasonablethatitwillgreatlypromote

theenthusiasmofstudentstopracticeoralEnglishandimprovetheirEnglishlevel.

④［中國(guó)元素1長(zhǎng)城是一個(gè)著名的旅游景點(diǎn)，每年有數(shù)百萬人涌入。

TheGreatWallissowell-knowaatouristattractionthatmillionsofpeoplepour

ineveryyear.

Part3語境辨義舉一反三

I.熟詞生義(寫出句中加黑詞匯的詞性及漢語意思)

I.(2024?浙江1月卷)Withoutbattinganeyehewouldquoteatranslated

EmersonpassagebeforeaskingabouttheliteraryinfluenceofAmericanwritersasa

whole.。.使碰撞

2.Whenshewassenttoaboardingschool,shefeltasthoughherparentshad

rejectedher.。.不夠關(guān)心

3.Withthat,IspenteighttotenhoursadaywithJoeinthehospital,doing

anythingandeverythingIcouldtoeasehisdiscomforlM減輕，緩解

4.（2022?新高考I卷）It'sjaw-droppinghowmuchperfectlygoodfoodisthrown

away-from“ugly”（butquiteeatable）vegetablesrejectedbygrocerstolargeamounts

ofuneatendishesthrownintorestaurantgarbagecans?。（因質(zhì)量不好而）廢棄

5.Youcansendpostcardsforfree,butthecatchisthatthere*snopostmanto

collectihem.t隱藏的困難

6.Ifyouareapartyinganimal,mostofthefunwillbealnightalonglower

AlabamaandKenny'sAlleywherefolkmusicblaresfromBanksandShaneand

countryandwesternpoundsoutofMissKittv's.喜歡參加社交活動(dòng)的人

7.Don'tputonairswithme!兒神情：架勢(shì)

8.Thelittleboywnlfeddownhisbreakfastandthenhurriedto*chccl.7人才良吞虎口因

地吃

n.一詞多義（選出下列單詞在句中的正確釋義）

1.sow

A.o.使密布B.a播（種）

C.0.灌輸D.散布，激起

①Hisspeechsowedtheseedsofdoubtamongtheaudience.D

②Thefarmersowsthefieldswithwheateveryspring.B

③Shesowedideasoffreedominthemindsofthestudents.C

學(xué)生用書第261頁

2.bow

A.〃.弓B.〃.蝴蝶結(jié)

C.o.鞠躬D.。.彎曲，低頭

①Shetiedabowonthegiftpackage.B

②Thetreebowedundertheweightofthesnow.D

@Hebowedinrespectasthequeenenteredtheroom.C

隨堂鞏固深度拓展

I.語篇語境綜合練（語境創(chuàng)新——詞匯再練）

Manytimes,wetakeforgrantedtheamazinglessonsnaturecanteachus.For

instance,the1.architecture(architect)ofabeehiveissosuperbthatmanymodern

architectstakeinspirationfromit.Imagineaworldwhereengineersseeksolutions2.to

complexproblemsinthewaytreeshaveconvertedsunlightintoenergyformillionsof

years.

Thefrontierofmedicineisnodifferent.Ancient3.physicians(physician)observed

animalsand4.employed(employ)theirbehaviorsandmethods.Theyunderstoodthat

bears,afterhibernation,alwaysseemedateasewiththeworld.Fromthis,welearned

aboutsleepcyclesandhowtoaddress5.degressive(depress)symptomswithout

rejection.

Farmershavealsobeen6.resigned(resign)tostudyingnature.Theysowedseeds

andwatchedthemgrow,learningabouttheseasonsandwhatmakesadftcent

crop.Eventoday,modernagriculturehasnot7.withdrew(withdraw)fromthese

fundamentalobservations.

8.Domestically(domestic),wecanlearnalottoo.Acat'sabilitytomove

gracefullymightmakeusrethinkfurnituredesign.Animalshave9.attained(attain)a

levelofefficiencywehaveyettomatch,yetour1devaluation(evaluate)andrespect

fornature'sowndesignscouldleadtosignificantbreakthroughs.Neverdoubtthe

knowledgewecantakeforgrantedfromthenaturalworld.

II.真題難句拓展練(剖析長(zhǎng)句—精準(zhǔn)翻譯)

1.(2023?新課標(biāo)I卷)Inpartone,Idescribethephilosophicalfoundationsof

digitalminimalism,startingwithanexaminationoftheforcesthataremakingsomany

people'sdigitallivesincreasinglyintolerable,beforemovingontoadetailed

discussionofllicdigitaliiiiiiiinalisiiiphilosophy.

［剖析］本句是一個(gè)復(fù)合句。句子主干為主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)Idescribethe

Dhilosophicalfoundations。startingwith...為動(dòng)詞-ing形式短語做伴隨狀語；that

引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾theforceso

［翻譯］在第一部分中，我描述了數(shù)字極簡(jiǎn)主義的哲學(xué)基礎(chǔ)，首先考察了使

許多人的數(shù)字生活越來越難以忍受的因素，然后再詳細(xì)討論數(shù)字極簡(jiǎn)主義哲學(xué)。

2.（2021?新高考I卷）Ilisourhopethatincomingdecades,advancesinscience

willoffernewperspectives（視角）fromwhichtostudyhowpeoplemanagetheirlives.

［剖析］本句是一個(gè)復(fù)合句。主干為句型Itisourhopethat...；incoming

decades在從句中作時(shí)間狀語；fromwhichtostudyhowpeoplemanagetheirlives為

定語從句，修飾先行詞perspectives。

I翻譯1我們希望在未來的兒十年里，科學(xué)的進(jìn)步將為研究人們?nèi)绾喂芾碜?/p>

己的生活提供新的視角。

學(xué)生用書第262頁

情境遷移

I.應(yīng)用文寫作增分練一學(xué)習(xí)自然（實(shí)踐課程）

結(jié)合本單元話題，用單元詞匯、經(jīng)典句型完成下面的應(yīng)用文寫作并背誦。

［基礎(chǔ)語料1

單元attain,rural,employ,wisdom,superb,ateasewith,takeinspirationfrom,

詞匯seeksolutionsto

經(jīng)典動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語；Which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句；obtained動(dòng)詞-ed

句型形式作定語

［情境呈現(xiàn)］

假定你是李華，你校今年開設(shè)了蔬菜栽培、傳統(tǒng)工藝（handcrafl）等實(shí)踐課程。

請(qǐng)你給外國(guó)好友John寫一封郵件，分享你的參與情況和體會(huì)。

［思路點(diǎn)撥］

人稱以第一人稱為主

時(shí)態(tài)以現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)為主

內(nèi)容要第一段引出主題（寫信目的）一第二段分別介紹這兩個(gè)課的收獲和感想一

點(diǎn)線索結(jié)尾總結(jié)

［寫作輸出］

DearJohn,

(1)I'mthrilledt。sharemyexperienceswiththesuperbpracticalcourses(我很高

興能分享我參加優(yōu)秀實(shí)踐課程的經(jīng)歷；superb)''vegetablecultivationandtraditional

handcraft"offeredatourschoolthisyear.

Inthecultivationclass,we'velearnedto（2）employage-oldruralwisdomio

growourownproduce（運(yùn)用古老的鄉(xiāng)村智慧來種植我們自己的農(nóng)產(chǎn)品；employ,

rural,wisdom；動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語fascinatingtoattainsuchskills,which

makesmefeelateasewithnature（獲得這樣的技能是令人著迷的,這讓我覺得與自

然自由相處;attain,ateasewith;which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句）.Thehandcraft

sessionshaveencouragedus（4）totakeinspirationfromnaturetocreateunique

pieces（從自然中汲取靈感,創(chuàng)造出獨(dú)特的作品；lakeinspirationfrom）.（5）These

courseshavemolivatedusloseeksolutionstomodemproblemsusingmethods

oblainedfromnature（這些課程激勵(lì)我們用從自然中獲得的方法來尋求解決現(xiàn)代問

題；seeksolutionsto；obtained動(dòng)詞-ed形式作定語）.

It'sbeenanenrichingjourney,andIcan'twaittosharemorewithyou.

Restregards,

LiHua

［變式表達(dá)］

填空并保持和句⑸意義一致。

Thesecoursesinspireustosolvemodernissueswithnature'smethods.

I【.讀后續(xù)寫微點(diǎn)練——個(gè)人做事習(xí)慣改變（決心決定）

［基礎(chǔ)語料］

determination決，C?

resolve決定

decision決定

commitment承諾

intent意圖

choice選擇

詞匯

mind決定

will意志

purpose目的

makeupone'smind下定決心

cometoadecision做出決定

bedeterminedto決心要

that/which引導(dǎo)定語從句；asif虛擬語氣句型；省略引導(dǎo)詞的定語

句式

從句

學(xué)生用書第263頁

1.Withgreatdetermination,shesetouttoachievehergoal.

她下定決心去實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)。

2.Aftermuchthought,shefinallymadeuphermind.

經(jīng)過深思熟慮，她最終做出了決定。

細(xì)節(jié)描寫

3.I'vemademychoiceandI'mstickingtoit.

我己經(jīng)做出了選擇，并且我會(huì)堅(jiān)持。

4.Theyaredeterminedtofinishtheprojectontime.

他們決心按時(shí)完成項(xiàng)目。

［情境呈現(xiàn)］

（2025?東北三校一模?讀后續(xù)寫）

作者從小就擅長(zhǎng)有計(jì)劃地做事一如果學(xué)校作業(yè)未完，他會(huì)拒絕和朋友出去散

步一作者不待在房間里，而是在樓上一個(gè)未使用的廚房里學(xué)習(xí)一作者的母親擔(dān)心

他，用各種方法試圖引誘他休息，但都未能成功一在大學(xué)期間，圖書館和宿

舍取代了家里的廚房，作者依然堅(jiān)持自己的計(jì)劃和安排一即使在大學(xué)畢業(yè)后，作

者對(duì)計(jì)劃和時(shí)間表的需要和喜愛并未減少一然而，在今年夏天照看父母的房子時(shí)，

作者意外地被番茄的生長(zhǎng)所吸引，這使他開始考慮改變自己的習(xí)慣和計(jì)劃一……

［思路點(diǎn)撥］

文體：記敘文人稱：第一人稱時(shí)態(tài)：一般過去時(shí)為主

續(xù)寫思路：根據(jù)所給句子Finally,Igavein.可知，接下來要寫作者最終決定放下

工作，順應(yīng)內(nèi)心的沖動(dòng)去體驗(yàn)與番茄相關(guān)的活動(dòng)，或者寫作者如何走出他的計(jì)劃

安排，開始采摘番茄。

［寫作輸出］

Finally,Igavein.i1）1pickeduptherecipethat/whichIhadcopieddownfroma

friend（我拿起了從朋友那里抄來的食譜:that/which引導(dǎo)定語從句）.“Preparea

littlebitofwaterwithgarlicandonions.Add...,“itread.Isearchedfor20minutesin

thekitchencabinetandpulledoutahugewhitechinapot.（2）Iwashedihelomaloes,

cuttingawaysections［hatwerespoiled,andslicedandth】cwihcmintoIhcpot（我洗/

西紅柿，切掉變質(zhì)的部分，切成片扔進(jìn)鍋里）.（3）1swayedthewaterymixtureasifI

werewashinggold（我像淘金一樣攪拌晃動(dòng)著帶汁水的西紅柿片；asif虛擬語氣句

型）.（4）Meanwhile,IturnedonthestereoandsangalongwithBillyJoeJ與此同時(shí)，我

打開音響，跟著BillyJoel唱歌）.（5）ThenIreviewedastepI'dpickedupinmy

swing?danccclass（后來我復(fù)習(xí)了在搖盤舞課上學(xué)過的舞步:省略引導(dǎo)詞的定語從

句）.

［變式表達(dá)1

用非謂語動(dòng)詞短語作狀語改寫句（4）

Meanwhile,tuiriingonthestereo,IsangalongwithBillyJoel.

、，.、、.對(duì)應(yīng)學(xué)生

單元測(cè)評(píng)35Unit5Learningfromnature用書p”?

（時(shí)間：30分鐘滿分：45分）

（本欄目?jī)?nèi)容在學(xué)生用書中以活頁形式分冊(cè)裝訂?。?/p>

I.閱讀理解（本題共8個(gè)小題；每小題2.5分，共20分）

A

（2025.山東省實(shí)臉中學(xué)高三模擬）

Withabrainthesizeofapinhead,insectspossessagreatsenseofdirection.They

managetolocatethemselvesandmovethroughsmallopenings.Howdotheydothis

withtheirlimitedbrainpower?Understandingtheinnerworkingsofaninsect'sbrain

canhelpusinoursearchtowardsencrgy-cfficicntcomputing,physicistElisabetta

ChiccaoftheUniversityofGroningenshowswithhermostrecentresult:arobotthat

actslikeaninsect.

It'snoteasytomakeuseoftheimagesthatcomeinthroughyoureyeswhen

decidingwhatyourfeetorwingsshoulddo.Akeyaspecthereistheapparentmotionof

thingsasyoumove,“Likewhenyou'reonatrain,“Chiccaexplains/4Thetrees

nearbyappeartomovefasterthanthehousesfaraway."Insectsusethisinformation

toinferhowfarawaythingsare.Thisworkswellwhenmovinginastraightline,but

realityisnotthatsimple.Tokeepthingsmanageablefortheirlimitedbrainpower,they

adjusttheirbehaviour:theyflyinastraightline,makeaturn,thenmakeanother

straightline.

Insearchoftheneuralmechanism（神經(jīng)3L制）Ihatdrivesinsectbehaviour,PhD

studentThorbenSchoepedevelopedamodelofitsneuronalactivityandasmallrobot

thatusesthismodeltofindtheposition.Hismodelisbasedononemainprinciple:

alwaysheadtowardstheareawiththeleastapparentmotion.Hehadhisrobotdrive

throughalongpassageconsistingoftwowallsandtherobotcenteredinthemiddleof

thepassage,asinsectstendtodo.Inothervirtualenvironments,suchasaspacewith

smallopenings,hismodelalsoshowedthesimilarbehaviourtoinsects.

Thefactthatarobotcanfinditspositioninarealisticenvironmentisnot

new.Rather,themodelgivesinsightintohowinsectsdothejob,andhowtheymanage

todolliingssocn'icicnlly.Iiiasimilarway,youcouldmakucompulcrsmorecfficiciil.

Inthefuture,Chiccahopestoapplythisspecificinsectbehaviourtoachipas

well.uInsteadofusingageneralpurposecomputerwithallitspossibilities,youcan

buildspecifichardware;atinychipthatdoesthejob,keepingthingsmuchsmallerand

energy-efficient,“shecomments.

【語篇解讀】本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道。文章報(bào)道了物理學(xué)家ElisabettaChicca

的最新研究成果：一個(gè)模仿昆蟲行為的機(jī)器人。該機(jī)器人能夠幫助人們理解昆蟲

大腦的運(yùn)作機(jī)制。文章還探討了這種機(jī)制在提高計(jì)算機(jī)效能方面的潛在應(yīng)用。

1.Whyis"atraiif'mentionedinParagraph2?

A.Toillustratetheprincipleoftrainmotion.

B.Tohighlightwhyhumanvisionislimited.

C.Toexplainhowinsectsperceivedistances.

D.Tocomparethemovementoftreesandhouses.

答案：C

解析：推理判斷題°根據(jù)第二段中的"Akeyaspecthereistheapparentmotion

ofthingsasyoumove,'Likewhenyou'reonatrain,'Chiccaexplains...Insectsuse

thisinformationtoinferhowfarawaythingsare.”可推知，本段提到火車是為了解

釋昆蟲是如何感知距離的。故詵「°

2.WhatdoesParagraph3mainlytalkaboutconcerningSchoepe'smodel?

A.Itsnoveldesign.

B.Itstheoreticalbasis.

C.Itspossibleapplication.

D.Itsworkingmechanism.

答案：D

解析：段落大意題。根據(jù)第三段可知，Schoepe研發(fā)了一個(gè)昆蟲神經(jīng)活動(dòng)模

型和一個(gè)使用該模型來找到昆蟲位置的小型機(jī)器人。他的模型基于一個(gè)主要原則：

總是朝著運(yùn)動(dòng)最不明顯的區(qū)域前進(jìn)。由此可知，本段主要討論了Schoepe的模型

的工作機(jī)制。故選D。

3.Whatdotheresearchersthinkofthefindings?

A.Amusing.B.Discouraging.

C.Promising.D.Contradictory.

答案：C

解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“Inasimilarway,youcouldmake

computersmoreefficient.,,以及最后一段第一句可推知，研究人員認(rèn)為這一發(fā)現(xiàn)可

以讓機(jī)器變得更有效率，并希望將昆蟲的這種特殊行為也應(yīng)用到芯片上。所以他

們認(rèn)為這一發(fā)現(xiàn)是有前景的。故選C。

4.WhatwillChicca'sfollow-upstudyfocuson?

A.Inventinginsect-likechips.

B.Studyinggeneral-purposerobots.

C.Creatinginsect-inspiredcomputers.

D.Developingenergy-efficienthardware.

答案：A

解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段第一句可知，Chicca的后續(xù)研究重點(diǎn)是

將昆蟲的這種特殊行為應(yīng)用到芯片上。故選A。

B

（2025?蘇北七市高三二測(cè)）

Thescienceofwhyinsectsgatheraroundlighrsatnighthasneverbeenrailed

down.Populartheoriesproposethatmothsandotherinsectsnavigatebythemoonand

mistakelampsformoonlight,orthattheinsectsflytowardslighttoescapecoming

danger.Nowresearchersbelievetheyhaveamoreconvincinganswer:contraryto

cunenltheories,insectsarenotattractedtolightfromfaraway,butbecometrappedif

theyflyclosetoanartificiallightsource.

AccordingtoDrSamFabian,studycoauthorandImperialCollegeLondon

entomologist,mothsandmanyotherinsectsthatflyatnightevolvedtotilt（傾斜）their

backstowhereverisbrightest.Forhundredsofmillionsofyears,thiswastheskyrather

thantheground.Thetricktoldinsectswhichwaywasupandensuredtheyflew

level.Butthencameartificiallighting.Mothsfoundthemselvestiltingtheirbacksto

streetlamps.Thiscausedthemtocirclearoundthelampsendlessly—theinsetstrapped

byllicirevolution.

Fabianandhiscolleaguesfilmedinsectflightpathsaroundlightsinthelab.The

videosrevealedthattimeandagain,mothsanddragonfliesturnedtheirbacksto

artificiallights,whichappearedtogreatlychangetheirflightpaths.Ifthelightisabove

them,theymightstartorbitingit,butifit'sbehindthem,theystarttiltingbackwards

andendupflyingincirclesordivingtowardstheground.

Researchershavelongwarnedthatlightpollutionisabigdrivingforceinthe

dramaticdeclineininsectpopulations.Mothsandotherinsectsthatbecometrapped

aroundlampsbecomeeasilycaughtbybats.Theartificiallightingcanalsofoolthem

intothinkingitisdaytime,causingthemtobeddownandskipanight'sfeeding.

Thereare,Fabianbelieves,helpfullessonsfromtheresearch,“Whatthistellsus

isthatthedirectionofartificiallightmatters.Couldwechangelightingenvironmentsto

nottrapinsects?Becausewe'refacingamassivedeclineininsectsaroundworld,and

artificiallightatnightisoneofthefactorsthatcouldpotentiallybeleadingtothis

decline,“Fabiansaid.

【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一項(xiàng)對(duì)昆蟲夜晚趨光現(xiàn)

象的研究。研究表明，昆蟲被燈光吸引是因?yàn)檫M(jìn)化導(dǎo)致的導(dǎo)航方式在人造光源附

近失效，導(dǎo)致它們被困。這啟示我們可以改變?nèi)嗽旃庠吹姆较颍愿玫乇Ｗo(hù)昆

蟲C

5.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“naileddown”inParagraph1mean?

A.Popularizedwidely.B.Discussedopenly.

C.Definedaccurately.D.Exploredacademically.

答案：C

解析：詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫線詞組■所在句下文中的“Populartheoriespropose

that"和"Nowresearchersbelieve...contrarytocurrenttheories...”可知,流行的理論

和目前研究人員所發(fā)現(xiàn)的內(nèi)容相反，由此可推知：關(guān)于昆蟲為何會(huì)在夜里聚集在

燈光周圍這一現(xiàn)象一直沒有得到準(zhǔn)確的定義和解釋（因?yàn)橹挥小傲餍械睦碚摗埃?

直到最近科學(xué)家們找到了一個(gè)更加令人信服的答案。所以畫線詞組的意思應(yīng)為

“準(zhǔn)確地定義”或者“準(zhǔn)確地解釋”，C項(xiàng)與畫線詞組意思相近。故選C。

6.Fabian'sstudyfindsthatmothscirclearoundthelampsendlesslybecause.

A.theycan'tkeepiheirbalance

B.theyuseimproperflightattitude

C.theylosetrackofwhichwayisup

D.theyareattractedtolightsfromfaraway

答案：C

解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段中的“Thetricktoldinsectswhichwaywas

upandensuredtheyflewlevel.Butthencameartificiallighting."和"Thiscausedthem

tocirclearoundthelampsendlessly”可知，F(xiàn)abian通過研究發(fā)現(xiàn)飛蛾之所以在燈光

周圍不停地盤旋，是因?yàn)樗鼈儾恢滥膫€(gè)方向是向上的。故選C。

7.Whatisthesignificanceoftheresearchfinding?

A.Itmayleadtobetterconservationofinsects.

B.Naturalenemiesofinsectswillbegotridof.

C.Artificiallightingwillbegreatlyreducedatnight.

D.Itmayraiseconcernsforinsects'eatingbehavior.

答案：A

解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后兩段可知，F(xiàn)abian認(rèn)為這項(xiàng)研究可以帶

來有益的啟示，即人造光源的方向很重要，我們應(yīng)該改變照明環(huán)境，避免昆蟲被

困住。因?yàn)槭澜绺鞯氐睦ハx數(shù)量正在大幅下降，夜間的人造光可能是導(dǎo)致這種數(shù)

量下降的原因之一。由此可推知，這項(xiàng)研究的發(fā)現(xiàn)可能會(huì)幫助更好地保護(hù)昆蟲，

故選Ao

8.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

A.Whyinsectslosetheirabilitytoflyatnight.

B.Whyartificiallightandevolutiontrapinsects.

C.Howartificiallightimpactsinsectpopulations.

D.Howinsectsevolveddistinctstrategiesofflight.

答案：B

解析：主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，文章主要介紹了一項(xiàng)對(duì)昆蟲夜晚趨光現(xiàn)

象的研究。該研究發(fā)現(xiàn)昆蟲因?yàn)檫M(jìn)化會(huì)無休止地圍繞人造光源轉(zhuǎn)圈，這啟示我們

可以改變?nèi)嗽旃庠吹姆较?，以更好地保護(hù)昆蟲。所以B項(xiàng)“為什么人造光和進(jìn)

化會(huì)困住昆蟲?！蹦軌蚋爬ㄎ恼碌闹髦即笠?。故選B。

n.讀后續(xù)寫（滿分25分）

（2025?福建適應(yīng)）

閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整

的短文。

MrsFlippen'sclasssallisteningtoatal