/

第1講

動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)

/高考鏈接考點(diǎn)解讀實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練答案速查【聽】單句填空1.[2024·北京卷]

My

heart

went

out

to

him,

and

I

________(jog)

over

to

him.jogged[解析]

考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。句中and連接并列句，空處作后句謂語(yǔ)，根據(jù)句中went可知，此處描述過(guò)去發(fā)生的事，句子使用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，動(dòng)詞使用過(guò)去式形式j(luò)ogged。故填jogged。2.[2023·全國(guó)甲卷]

Carson

proves

that

a

simple

literary

form

that

has

been

passed

down

through

the

ages

can

still

_____________(employ)

today

to

draw

attention

to

important

truths.be

employed[解析]

考查動(dòng)詞語(yǔ)態(tài)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,從句缺少謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,所以空處為從句的謂語(yǔ),從句主語(yǔ)a

simple

literary

form與employ之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系,且情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can后接動(dòng)詞原形。故填be

employed。3.[2023·浙江1月考]

In

the

Ming

Dynasty…Citizens

of

higher

social

classes

_______________(permit)

to

live

closer

to

the

centre

of

the

circles.were

permitted[解析]

考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)和主謂一致。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空格處在句中作謂語(yǔ),和主語(yǔ)citizens

of

higher

social

classes構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系,用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),再根據(jù)in

the

Ming

Dynasty可知,此處是對(duì)過(guò)去事實(shí)的陳述,應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。主語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù),助動(dòng)詞用were。故填were

permitted。4.[2023·北京卷]

I

turned

up

at

the

appointed

hour

for

a

dinner,

only

to

find

that

no

other

guest

____________(arrive)

and

my

hostess

was

still

in

her

sleeping

suit.had

arrived[解析]

考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。從句中表示“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”，應(yīng)用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。故填had

arrived。5.[2022·全國(guó)乙卷]

Since

April

drinks

companies

______________________(force)

to

pay

between

18p

and

24p

for

every

litre

of

sugary

drink

they

produce

or

import,

depending

on

the

sugar

content.

have

been

forced[解析]

考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)和主謂一致。根據(jù)since

April

可知主句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),drinks

companies

與force之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系,且主語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù),故填have

been

forced。一般體考點(diǎn)一

一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)(動(dòng)詞用原形或第三人稱單數(shù))規(guī)則1

表示客觀規(guī)律或普遍真理(不受主句的時(shí)態(tài)限制)。The

geography

teacher

told

us

the

earth

moves

around

the

sun.地理老師告訴我們地球繞著太陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn)。規(guī)則2

表示經(jīng)?；蛄?xí)慣性的動(dòng)作(多用行為動(dòng)詞,且常與表頻率的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用)或現(xiàn)在的性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)、特征等。We

always

care

for

each

other

and

help

each

other.我們總是相互關(guān)心,相互幫助。規(guī)則3

少數(shù)用于表示起止的動(dòng)詞,如come,

go,

leave,

arrive,

fly,

return,

start,

begin,

open,

close,

end,

stop等,常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來(lái)時(shí),表示一個(gè)按規(guī)定、計(jì)劃或安排要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。The

shop

closes

at

11:00

pm

every

day.這個(gè)商店每天晚上11點(diǎn)關(guān)門。規(guī)則4

在時(shí)間、條件、方式及讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來(lái)時(shí)。Unless

it

rains

tomorrow,

I

will

call

on

you.如果明天不下雨,我就去拜訪你。［溫馨提示］

與一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)相對(duì)應(yīng)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有:often,

always,

usually,

seldom,

every

day等?？键c(diǎn)二

一般過(guò)去時(shí)(v.-ed或不規(guī)則變化)規(guī)則

表示在特定的過(guò)去時(shí)間里所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)或表示在過(guò)去一段時(shí)間內(nèi),經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。常與表示過(guò)去的具體的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用(或有上下文語(yǔ)境暗示)。A

thief

broke

into

his

house

last

night

and

stole

some

of

his

wife's

jewellery.昨晚一個(gè)小偷闖進(jìn)他家,偷走了他妻子的一些首飾。［溫馨提示］

與一般過(guò)去時(shí)相對(duì)應(yīng)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有:back

then,

yesterday,

last

week,

after

that,

ago,

the

other

day等。【技法訓(xùn)練一】1.[2024·北京卷]

When

we

slow

down,

we

create

space

to

reflect

on

our

thoughts

and

emotions,

which

helps

us

identify

important

areas

of

our

lives

and

______(give)

us

the

opportunity

to

make

right

choices.gives[解析]

考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，根據(jù)helps可知，從句使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，which指代前邊的整個(gè)句子，所以從句謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)用第三人稱單數(shù)形式gives，gives與helps并列，作并列謂語(yǔ)。故填gives。2.[2023·新高考全國(guó)Ⅱ卷]

As

a

little

girl,

I

________(wish)

to

be

a

zookeeper

when

I

grew

up.wished[解析]

考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,本句缺少謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,所以空處為本句謂語(yǔ),再根據(jù)as

a

little

girl可知,用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。故填wished。3.[2023·浙江1月考]

In

the

Ming

Dynasty…The

large

siheyuan

of

these

high-ranking

officials

and

wealthy

businessmen

often

_________(feature)

beautifully

carved

and

painted

roof

beams

and

pillars(柱子).featured[解析]

考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空格處需要填謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,再結(jié)合上文in

the

Ming

Dynasty可知,此處應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。故填featured。4.[2022·北京卷]

Eventually,

the

man

________(catch)

up

with

her,

and

he

was

only

trying

to

return

her

wallet!caught[解析]

考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。結(jié)合語(yǔ)境可知空處應(yīng)填謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去,應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。故填caught。5.[2021·北京卷]

As

it

_________(connect)

things,

your

brain

turns

them

into

a

story,

and

you

get

a

dream.connects[解析]

考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)?？涨笆莍t,在從句中作主語(yǔ)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空處為謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。it與connect之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系,需用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。再根據(jù)句中的turns可知,此處用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。故填connects。完成體考點(diǎn)一

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)(has/have+過(guò)去分詞)規(guī)則1

表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響或結(jié)果,或說(shuō)話時(shí)剛剛完成的動(dòng)作。He

has

just

graduated

from

Harvard

and

is

trying

to

find

a

job

in

Beijing.他剛從哈佛大學(xué)畢業(yè),正努力在北京找份工作。規(guī)則2

表示從過(guò)去開始持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),往往和“for…”“since…”等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。It

is

the

most

instructive

lecture

that

I

have

attended

sinceI

came

to

this

school.這是我到這個(gè)學(xué)校以來(lái)聽過(guò)的最有教育意義的演講。［溫馨提示］(1)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)相對(duì)應(yīng)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有:

recently,

lately,

up

to/till

now,

so

far,

in/over/for

the

past/last

few

months/years…,

“for+時(shí)間段”,

“since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)”等;(2)下列句型常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí):It

is/has

been+一段時(shí)間+since

從句.This/That/It

is

the

first/second…+time+that從句(從句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)).This/That/It

is

the

best/finest/most

interesting…+that從句(從句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)).考點(diǎn)二

過(guò)去完成時(shí)(had+過(guò)去分詞)規(guī)則1

在by,

by

the

end

of,

by

the

time,

until,

before等后接表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)間的短語(yǔ)或從句時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻或某一動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)完成了的動(dòng)作,即“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”。By

the

end

of

last

year,

we

had

produced20,000

cars.到去年年底,我們已經(jīng)生產(chǎn)了20

000輛汽車。規(guī)則2

表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻開始,一直延續(xù)到過(guò)去另一時(shí)刻的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),即“從過(guò)去到過(guò)去”。When

Jack

arrived,

Mary

had

beenaway

for

almost

an

hour.當(dāng)杰克到達(dá)時(shí),瑪麗已經(jīng)離開快一個(gè)小時(shí)了。規(guī)則3

表示過(guò)去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的希望、打算、意圖、諾言等,常用had

hoped/planned/meant/intended/thought/wanted/expected等表示。I

had

intendedto

come

over

to

see

you

last

night,

but

someone

called

and

I

couldn't

get

away.昨天晚上我本想來(lái)看你的,但有人打電話給我,我脫不開身。規(guī)則4在“hardly/scarcely…when…”“no

sooner…than…”句型結(jié)構(gòu)中,主句用過(guò)去完成時(shí),且常用部分倒裝,從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí),意為“一……就……”。I

had

no

sooner

gotinto

the

room

than

it

began

to

rain.→No

sooner

had

I

gotinto

the

room

than

it

began

to

rain.我剛走進(jìn)房間天就開始下起了雨。考點(diǎn)三

將來(lái)完成時(shí)(will/shall

have+過(guò)去分詞)規(guī)則

表示到將來(lái)某一時(shí)間某一動(dòng)作將會(huì)完成,常用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)為:“by+將來(lái)某個(gè)時(shí)間”。I

expect

you

will

have

changed

your

mind

by

tomorrow.我預(yù)計(jì)明天你就會(huì)改變主意了。考點(diǎn)四

現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)(has/have

been

doing)規(guī)則1

表示某一動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)從過(guò)去某一時(shí)間開始,一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在或者仍然要繼續(xù)下去,常譯為“一直……”。He

has

been

waitingfor

his

friend

for

an

hour

but

he

still

hasn't

turned

up.他已經(jīng)等了他的朋友一個(gè)小時(shí)了,可他還沒(méi)來(lái)。規(guī)則2

表示到目前為止,多次重復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。I

have

been

telephoning

him

several

times

this

morning.今天早上我給他打過(guò)好幾次電話。［溫馨提示］

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的區(qū)別:現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)均可表示“從過(guò)去開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在”的動(dòng)作,但現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示動(dòng)作已完成,著重于結(jié)果;現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示的動(dòng)作可能已完成也可能未完成,更強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的持續(xù)進(jìn)行。比較:I

have

been

writingletters

for

an

hour.整整一個(gè)小時(shí)我一直在寫信。(已經(jīng)結(jié)束或仍將繼續(xù)寫下去)I

have

writtenletters

for

an

hour.我已經(jīng)寫了一個(gè)小時(shí)的信了。(已經(jīng)結(jié)束)【技法訓(xùn)練二】1.[2024·浙江1月考]

Over

the

last

two

years,

some

supermarkets

_____________(start)

selling

chicken

or

salad

in

packs…with

two

halves

containing

separate

portions

(份).have

started[解析]

考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)over

the

last

two

years可知，此處應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。故填have

started。2.[2022·全國(guó)甲卷]

In

the

last

five

years,

Cao

____________(walk)

through

34

countries

in

six

continents…h(huán)as

walked[解析]

考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)in

the

last

five

years可知,此處應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),且主語(yǔ)為單數(shù)形式,故填has

walked。3.I

____________________(dream)

of

studying

in

Beijing

Foreign

Studies

University

since

childhood,

which

is

the

best

university

to

learn

foreign

languages

in

China.have

been

dreaming[解析]

考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)since

childhood可知dream這一動(dòng)作從過(guò)去到現(xiàn)在一直在持續(xù)中,故用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。故填have

been

dreaming。4.Mary

was

pleased

to

see

that

the

seeds

she

____________(plant)

in

the

garden

were

growing.had

planted[解析]

考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知,“播種種子”這一動(dòng)作發(fā)生在“種子生長(zhǎng)”之前,應(yīng)用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。故填had

planted。5.I

am

sorry

that

I

cannot

meet

you

at

the

airport.

I

_____________(leave)

Tianjin

by

the

time

you

come

back

from

abroad.will

have

left[解析]

考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)by

the

time

you

come

back

from

abroad可知,主句應(yīng)使用將來(lái)完成時(shí),其基本構(gòu)成形式是:will

have

done。故填will

have

left。進(jìn)行體考點(diǎn)一

現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)(is/am/are+現(xiàn)在分詞)規(guī)則1

表示說(shuō)話時(shí)正在發(fā)生著的動(dòng)作或近期一直在做的事情,暗含動(dòng)作的“未完成性”和“暫時(shí)性”。I

know

Mr

Wang

is

writinga

new

novel

but

I

am

not

sure

whether

he

has

finished

it.我知道王先生正在寫一本新的小說(shuō),但不確定他是否已經(jīng)完成。I

don't

really

work

here;

I

am

just

helping

out

until

the

new

secretary

arrives.我不是真的在這里工作,只是在新秘書來(lái)之前幫幫忙。規(guī)則2

表示按計(jì)劃或安排即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。She

is

leavingfor

Beijing

tomorrow.她明天將動(dòng)身去北京。規(guī)則3

與always,

often,

forever,

constantly,

continually等連用時(shí),表示贊賞或厭惡等感情色彩,而非強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。He

is

always

helping

others.他總是幫助其他人。［溫馨提示］

與現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)相對(duì)應(yīng)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有:now,

right

now,

at

present,

at

this

moment,

these

days等?？键c(diǎn)二

過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)(was/were+現(xiàn)在分詞)規(guī)則1

表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻或某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作(這一過(guò)去時(shí)間需用時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)表示),暗含動(dòng)作的“未完成性”和“暫時(shí)性”。He

was

preparinghis

lecture

all

day

yesterday.昨天一整天他都在準(zhǔn)備他的講座。規(guī)則2

表示一個(gè)過(guò)去的動(dòng)作在另一個(gè)過(guò)去的動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)正在進(jìn)行,或者是以一個(gè)長(zhǎng)動(dòng)作作為背景,發(fā)生了一個(gè)短動(dòng)作,長(zhǎng)動(dòng)作常用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí),常用于be

doing…when…。They

were

still

working

whenI

left.我離開時(shí)他們還在工作。He

fell

down

and

got

his

ankle

injured

when

he

was

playingfootball.他踢足球的時(shí)候摔倒了,腳踝受了傷。規(guī)則3

用來(lái)描繪故事發(fā)生時(shí)的背景。The

wind

was

blowingand

it

was

raininghard.風(fēng)在吹,雨下得很大?？键c(diǎn)三

將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)(shall/will

be+現(xiàn)在分詞)規(guī)則1

表示在將來(lái)某個(gè)具體時(shí)間點(diǎn)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。I

shall

be

writingan

essay

at

8

o'clock.

Don't

come

then.8點(diǎn)那會(huì)兒我正在寫論文呢!別那時(shí)候來(lái)。規(guī)則2

表示將來(lái)的日程安排。The

train

will

be

leavingat

8

o'clock.

So

don't

be

late!火車將于8點(diǎn)離站。不要遲到了!【技法訓(xùn)練三】1.[2022·新高考全國(guó)Ⅱ卷]

Henry

___________(fix)

his

car

when

he

heard

the

screams.was

fixing[解析]

考查時(shí)態(tài)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,設(shè)空處是句子謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)空后的when

he

heard

the

screams可知,設(shè)空處表示當(dāng)時(shí)正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,故使用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)。故填was

fixing。2.The

Sami

that

live

mainly

in

the

northern

areas

___________(face)

an

existential

crisis

now,

whose

lives

and

culture

are

closely

linked

to

the

ancient

forests

and

the

reindeer

there.are

facing[解析]

考查時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。表示目前正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí),主語(yǔ)為the

Sami,謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。故填are

facing。3.My

wife

_______________(work)

on

the

night

shift

when

my

plane

arrives.

That's

why

no

one

is

to

meet

me

at

the

airport

today.will

be

working[解析]

考查時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)why

no

one

is

to

meet

me

at

the

airport

today可知,今天接機(jī)這件事還未發(fā)生。此處表示在“我”的航班到達(dá)時(shí)妻子將正在上夜班,所以無(wú)法接機(jī),因此主句的時(shí)態(tài)為將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)。故填will

be

working。4.[2021·天津3月考改編]

Currently,

about

35,000

works

___________________(display)

in

over

300

rooms

in

the

Louvre,

and

it

would

take

a

lifetime

to

see

everything.are

being

displayed[解析]

考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)和主謂一致。根據(jù)currently

和語(yǔ)境可知,此處表示目前正在發(fā)生的事,應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí);作品被陳列,應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài);主語(yǔ)about

35,000

works為復(fù)數(shù),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填are

being

displayed。將來(lái)體考點(diǎn)一

一般將來(lái)時(shí)(will/shall+動(dòng)詞原形)規(guī)則1表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)常用“will/shall+動(dòng)詞原形”。What

time

shall

we

meet?我們要什么時(shí)候見(jiàn)面呢?I

believe

I

will

makenew

friends

here.我相信我會(huì)在這里交到新朋友。規(guī)則2

be

to

do和be

going

to

do表示計(jì)劃或打算做某事,此外,be

going

to

do還可表示根據(jù)現(xiàn)在的跡象對(duì)未來(lái)進(jìn)行推斷。be

about

to

do表示眼前的將來(lái),即馬上要發(fā)生的事。Look

at

the

clouds.

It

is

going

to

rain.看那些云,要下雨了。［溫馨提示］

與一般將來(lái)時(shí)相對(duì)應(yīng)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有:tomorrow,

next

week/month…,

in

an

hour,

in

the

coming/following

weeks等?？键c(diǎn)二

過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)(would+動(dòng)詞原形)規(guī)則

表示從過(guò)去某時(shí)看將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作、存在的狀態(tài)或過(guò)去的意圖、打算(主要用于賓語(yǔ)從句中)。She

was

sure

she

would

succeed.她確信她會(huì)成功。【技法訓(xùn)練四】1.As

you

go

through

this

book,

you

_________(find)that

each

of

the

millions

of

people

who

lived

through

World

War

Ⅱ

had

a

different

experience.will

find[解析]

考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境判斷,主句的時(shí)態(tài)為一般將來(lái)時(shí),故填will

find。2.I

thought

I

___________(tell)

the

farmer

about

it

the

next

day.would

tell[解析]

考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。此處用過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí),表示從過(guò)去某時(shí)看將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或過(guò)去的意圖、打算。故填would

tell。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成(以do為例)

動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成方式:be+過(guò)去分詞,口語(yǔ)中也用“get/become+過(guò)去分詞”表示。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的基本用法:不知道或沒(méi)必要提到動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰(shuí)時(shí)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài);強(qiáng)調(diào)或突出動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)常用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)(by短語(yǔ)有時(shí)可以省略)?，F(xiàn)在時(shí)過(guò)去時(shí)將來(lái)時(shí)過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)一般式am/is/aredonewas/weredonewill/shallbe

donewould/shouldbe

done進(jìn)行式am/is/arebeing

donewas/werebeing

done——完成式has/havebeen

donehad

beendonewill/shallhave

beendonewould/should

havebeen

doneNowadays,

there

is

a

sharp

increase

in

children's

creativity,

for

they

are

greatly

encouraged

to

develop

their

talents.如今,孩子們?cè)趧?chuàng)造力上有極大的提高,因?yàn)樗麄儽淮罅膭?lì)去發(fā)展自己的才能。The

plan

should

be

carried

outas

soon

as

possible.這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃應(yīng)該盡快被執(zhí)行。不能用被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)的情況規(guī)則1

所有的不及物動(dòng)詞或不及物動(dòng)詞詞組不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。規(guī)則2

表示狀態(tài)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,如:last,

hold,

contain,

fit,

cost等。規(guī)則3

表示歸屬的動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞詞組,如:have,own,

belong

to等。規(guī)則4

表示“希望、意圖、喜好”的動(dòng)詞,如:wish,

want,

hope,

like,

love,

hate等。規(guī)則5

賓語(yǔ)是反身代詞或相互代詞時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),不能用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。規(guī)則6

賓語(yǔ)是同源賓語(yǔ)、不定式、動(dòng)名詞等,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。［溫馨提示］

主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)含義:(1)當(dāng)feel,

look,

smell,

taste,

sound等后面接形容詞時(shí);當(dāng)cut,

read,

sell,

wear,

write,

wash等作為不及物動(dòng)詞,表示主語(yǔ)(通常為物)內(nèi)在“品質(zhì)”或“性能”時(shí);當(dāng)動(dòng)詞表示“開始、結(jié)束、關(guān)、停、轉(zhuǎn)、啟動(dòng)”等意思時(shí)。(2)want,

require,

need后面的動(dòng)名詞用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義。(3)be

worth

doing用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義。(4)在“be+形容詞+to

do”中,不定式的邏輯賓語(yǔ)是句子的主語(yǔ),用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義?！炯挤ㄓ?xùn)練五】1.[2024·新課標(biāo)Ⅱ卷改編]

In

2019,

a

six-metre-tall

pavilion,

…

by

The

Peony

Pavilion,

__________(build)

at

the

Firs

Garden,

just

ten

minutes'

walk

from

Shakespeare's

birthplace.was

built[解析]

考查時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)和主謂一致?？仗帪楸揪渲^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)in

2019可知，本句時(shí)態(tài)為一般過(guò)去時(shí)；主語(yǔ)a

six-metre-tall

pavilion是單數(shù)，和動(dòng)詞build之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。故填was

built。2.[2021·新高考全國(guó)Ⅰ卷]

Little

wonder

the

Federal

Duck

Stamp

Programme

________________(call)

one

of

the

most

successful

conservation

programmes

ever

initiated.has

been

called[解析]

考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。根據(jù)ever

initiated可知空處時(shí)態(tài)為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),且the

Federal

Duck

Stamp

Programme與call

之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系,故填has

been

called。3.In

the

negotiation,

several

options

could

___________(offer)

to

reach

a

mutually

beneficial

agreement.be

offered[解析]

考查被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。動(dòng)詞offer意為“提供”，和主語(yǔ)構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系。在情態(tài)動(dòng)詞could后動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用原形。故填be

offered。4.This

course

____________(design)

for

beginners

who

want

to

learn

the

basics

of

computer

programming.is

designed[解析]

考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)和主謂一致。設(shè)空處在句中作謂語(yǔ),和句子的主語(yǔ)this

course之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系;根據(jù)后文want可知應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。故設(shè)空處應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),且主語(yǔ)為單數(shù)。故填is

designed。5.A

paper-cutting

exhibition

____________(hold)

tomorrow

morning,

which

aims

to

promote

traditional

Chinese

culture.will

be

held[解析]

考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。由時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)tomorrow

morning

可知時(shí)態(tài)用一般將來(lái)時(shí),a

paper-cutting

exhibition

與hold

構(gòu)成邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系,故填will

be

held。Ⅰ

單句填空1.It

was

the

first

time

that

he

___________(visit)

Xinjiang

and

he

was

amazed

by

the

breathtaking

scenery.had

visited[解析]

考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。此處為句型“It

was

the

first

time+that從句.”,表示“第一次……”,從句要用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。故填had

visited。2.I

____________(buy)

a

new

alarm

clock

the

other

day

at

Taylor's

when

I

heard

someone

singing

a

familiar

song.was

buying[解析]

考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。此處為句型“sb

be

doing

sth

when…”，表示“某人正在……這時(shí)……”。根據(jù)后文when

I

heard可知,應(yīng)用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)。故填was

buying。3.Confucius

is

honoured

for

setting

the

tone

for

much

of

traditional

Chinese

music

for

thousands

of

years,

who

___________(think)

to

be

a

great

educator.is

thought[解析]

考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。該句表示孔子現(xiàn)在被認(rèn)為是一位偉大的教育家,由此可知此處應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。故填is

thought。4.Pahlsson

and

her

husband

_________(search)

the

kitchen,

checking

every

corner,

but

turned

up

nothing.searched[解析]

考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。but后面的turned

up是與空處并列的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,故空處也要用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。故填searched。5.In

the

past

decades,

some

number

plates

______________(become)

extremely

valuable,

particularly

those

that

spell

out

words.have

become[解析]

考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。in

the

past

decades為時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),一般與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用,主語(yǔ)some

number

plates是復(fù)數(shù),故謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填have

become。6.My

washing

machine

_________________(repair)

this

week,

so

I

have

to

wash

my

clothes

by

hand.is

being

repaired[解析]

考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。此處表示“洗衣機(jī)正在被修理”,因此用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。故填is

being

repaired。7.She

hurriedly

ran

home,

never

once

looking

back

to

see

whether

she

___________________(follow).was

being

followed[解析]

考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)和主謂一致。整個(gè)句子描述的是過(guò)去發(fā)生的事,且此處表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻正在做的事,應(yīng)用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí),主語(yǔ)she和follow之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,表示“她正在被跟蹤”,應(yīng)用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。主語(yǔ)是she，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。故填was

being

followed。8.The

Xi'an

City

Wall

__________(build)

originally

to

protect

the

city

in

the

Tang

Dynasty

and

has

now

been

completely

restored.was

built[解析]

考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。根據(jù)句中時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)

in

the

Tang

Dynasty可知,用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。主語(yǔ)the

Xi'an

City

Wall與build之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系,所以用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。故填was

built。9.Evidence

of

a

powerful

volcano,

which

erupted

under

the

ice

sheet

of

West

Antarctica

around

325

BC

and

might

still

be

active

now,

____________________(confirm)

so

far

by

British

scientists.has

been

confirmed[解析]

考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)和主謂一致。so

far一般用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),主語(yǔ)evidence和confirm之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,故用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),且主語(yǔ)為單數(shù)。故填has

been

confirmed。10.Don't

worry.

The

hard

work

that

you

do

now

______________(repay)

later

in

life.will

be

repaid[解析]

考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)later

in

life可知,應(yīng)用一般將來(lái)時(shí),主語(yǔ)the

hard

work與repay為被動(dòng)關(guān)系,故用一般將來(lái)時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。故填will

be

repaid。Ⅱ

語(yǔ)法填空［2024·江西贛州高三三模］

The

Sanxingdui

Museum

is

located

in

Guanghan

City,

Sichuan

Province,

and

features

one

of

the

world's

greatest

archaeological

(考古的)

findings

of

the

20th

century—the

Sanxingdui

Ruins

dating

back

3,000

to

5,000

years.12345678910

The

Sanxingdui

Museum

collects

and

displays

a

massive

1.________(mix)

of

objects

made

of

bronze

(青銅),

jade

(玉),

gold,

clay

and

so

on,

which

were

very

delicate

and

2._________(unique)

shaped.

The

bronze

heads,

golden

decorations

and

handicrafts

are

so

special

that

they

3.____________(refer)

to

as

“having

been

created

by

a

seemingly

alien

(外星的)

civilisation”.mixtureuniquelyare

referred12345678910

The

museum

officially

opened

to

4.____

public

in

October

1997,

integrating

the

collection

and

protection

of

cultural

relics

(遺跡),

academic

research

and

public

education.

Not

only

is

it

a

base

for

learning

about

the

ancient

Kingdom

of

Shu,

5._____

it

is

a

tourist

attraction

well-known

at

home

and

abroad.thebut12345678910

Over

the

decades,

it

6.______________(welcome)

more

than

10

million

domestic

and

foreign

tourists,

all

7.__________(travel)

to

Sanxingdui

to

get

the

full

on-site

experience

and

feel

the

charm

of

the

ancient

Shu

civilisation.

The

exhibition

halls

inside

the

museum

promote

the

spirit

of

the

8.____________(harmony)

relationship

between

mankind

and

Mother

Nature.has

welcomedtravellingharmonious12345678910

The

Sanxingdui

relics

have

played

an

important

role

9.___

changing

the

Western

perception

of

Chinese

civilisation.

People

around

the

world

now

realise

China

has

a

more

extensive

and

older

civilisation

than

previously

10._________(assume).inassumed【文章大意】本文為一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了三星堆博物館的基本情況和其在傳播中國(guó)文化中的作用。123456789101.________mixture[解析]

考查名詞。位于不定冠詞之后，需要填入單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞mixture“結(jié)合體，混合物”。故填mixture。2._________uniquely[解析]

考查副詞。修飾shaped需要填入副詞uniquely。故填uniquely。123456789103.____________are

referred[解析]

考查時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)和主謂一致。主語(yǔ)they與refer之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；根據(jù)主句中的are可知，需要使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。主語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù)，故填are

referred。4.____the[解析]

考查冠詞。the

public意為“公眾，大眾”。故填the。123456789105._____but[解析]

考查連詞。not

only…

but

also…為固定搭配，意為“不僅……而且……”；在本句中連接兩個(gè)句子，also可以省略。故填but。6.______________has

welcomed[解析]

考查時(shí)態(tài)與主謂一致。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)over

the

decades可知，要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)；主語(yǔ)為it，所以助動(dòng)詞用has。故填has

welcomed。123456789107.__________travelling[解析]

考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句子中已經(jīng)有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，所以需要填入非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，邏輯主語(yǔ)all與動(dòng)詞travel之間為主謂關(guān)系，需用現(xiàn)在分詞，構(gòu)成獨(dú)立主格。故填travelling。8.____________harmonious[解析]

考查形容詞?？崭裉幬挥诿~之前，因此需要填入形容詞harmonious“和諧的”修飾名詞relationship。故填harmonious。123456789109.___in[解析]

考查介詞。play

a

role

in

sth為固定搭配，意為“在……中發(fā)揮作用”。故填in。10._________assumed[解析]

考查狀語(yǔ)從句的省略。此處是一個(gè)省略句，省略主語(yǔ)和be動(dòng)詞，assume和主語(yǔ)China之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故填assumed。12345678910Ⅲ

語(yǔ)法與寫作—?jiǎng)釉~的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)在寫作中的運(yùn)用1.［2024·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷應(yīng)用文寫作］We

____________________

something

that

impressed

us

most.我們被要求畫一些我們印象最深刻的東西。were

asked

to

draw2.[2023·浙江1月考應(yīng)用文寫作]

Last

weekend,

I

______________

a

“Getting

to

know

the

plants

around

us”

activity

_________________________________.上周末,我參加了學(xué)生會(huì)組織的“了解我們周圍的植物”活動(dòng)。participated

in