/第11講定語(yǔ)從句/●單句填空1.[2024·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷]…alongtheSilkRoutebroughttheplantsfromtheirnativehabitatinAsiatocometodefinemuchoftherichnessofgardeninginEngland.

2.[2024·新課標(biāo)Ⅱ卷]Chineseculturalelementscommemorating(紀(jì)念)TangXianzu,isknownas“theShakespeareofAsia”,addaninternationalcharactertoStratford-upon-Avon,WilliamShakespeare’shometown.

3.[2024·全國(guó)甲卷]…untilWrangell-SaintEliasinsouthernAlaska,becameanationalmonumentin1978,tookthehonoursasanationalparkin1980with12.3millionacres.

4.[2023·全國(guó)甲卷]Yet,theformofthefablestillhasvaluestoday,RachelCarsonsaysin“AFableforTomorrow”.

5.[2023·全國(guó)甲卷]TherewasonceatownintheheartofAmerica,alllifeseemedtoenjoypeacefulco-existencewithitssurroundings…

考點(diǎn)一關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系代詞先行詞句法功能例句who人主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)Somepeoplewhoaresuccessfullanguagelearnersoftenfailinotherfields.有些成功的語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)者在其他領(lǐng)域常常會(huì)失敗。whom人賓語(yǔ)Theauthorwhom/whoyoucriticizedinyourreviewhaswrittenareply.你在評(píng)論中批評(píng)的那位作者已經(jīng)回復(fù)了。(續(xù)表)關(guān)系代詞先行詞句法功能例句whose(=ofwhom/ofwhich)人或物定語(yǔ)Myeldestson,whoseworktakeshimallovertheworld,isinNewYorkatthemoment.我的大兒子目前在紐約,他的工作讓他全世界到處跑。that人或物主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)Thelittleproblemsthat/whichwemeetinourdailylivesmaybeinspirationforgreatinventions.我們?cè)谌粘Ｉ钪杏龅降哪切┬?wèn)題有可能會(huì)成為偉大發(fā)明的靈感。which物主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)ChinaTodayattractsaworldwidereadership,whichshowsthatmoreandmorepeopleallovertheworldwanttolearnaboutChina.《今日中國(guó)》吸引了世界各地的讀者,這表明世界上越來(lái)越多的人想了解中國(guó)。as人或物主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)Asisknowntousall,waterisnecessarytosupportlife.眾所周知,水是維持生命所必需的。注:關(guān)系代詞在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以省略。[溫馨提示]下列情況只用that不用which:①先行詞是all,something,everything,anything,nothing,little,much,few等不定代詞;②先行詞被all,any,every,no,little,much,some等詞修飾;③先行詞被序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)修飾或先行詞本身是序數(shù)詞;④先行詞被theonly,thevery(正是,恰是),thelast修飾;⑤先行詞中既有人又有物。考點(diǎn)二關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句when,where,why的先行詞分別是表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因的名詞,并且關(guān)系詞在從句中作狀語(yǔ)。特殊用法(1)當(dāng)先行詞為一些表示抽象地點(diǎn)的名詞,如point,situation,case,stage等時(shí),如果關(guān)系詞在從句中作狀語(yǔ),常用關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句;(2)當(dāng)先行詞way意為“方法,方式”,且關(guān)系詞在從句中作狀語(yǔ)時(shí),可用that,inwhich或省略關(guān)系詞這三種形式?？键c(diǎn)三“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句若介詞放在關(guān)系代詞之前,關(guān)系代詞指人時(shí)常用whom,指物時(shí)常用which。TradingleathershoesisthebusinesstowhichtheGreensaredevoted.皮鞋貿(mào)易是格林一家所致力的事業(yè)。LastSundayIboughtsomebooksfromthebookstore,threeofwhichwereEnglishnovels.上周日我從書(shū)店買(mǎi)了一些書(shū),其中三本是英文小說(shuō)。[溫馨提示]“介詞+which/whom”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句中介詞的確定:(1)根據(jù)從句中動(dòng)詞、形容詞等與介詞的習(xí)慣搭配來(lái)確定。Doyouknowthegirlwith/towhomtheteachertalkedjustnow?你認(rèn)識(shí)剛才和老師談話的那個(gè)女孩嗎?(talk意為“交談”時(shí),常與with或to搭配)(2)根據(jù)定語(yǔ)從句中先行詞與介詞的習(xí)慣搭配來(lái)確定。Theyarecollectinginformationinpreparationforthedayonwhichthetwosidessitdownandtalk.他們正在收集信息為雙方坐下來(lái)和談的那一天做準(zhǔn)備。(3)根據(jù)語(yǔ)義表達(dá)的需要來(lái)確定。Knowledgeisthewingswithwhichwerealizeourdreams.知識(shí)是我們借以實(shí)現(xiàn)夢(mèng)想的翅膀。(with表示用某種手段、工具)考點(diǎn)四as,which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句as作關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí),指代整個(gè)主句,意為“正如,正像”,as引導(dǎo)的句子可放在句首、句末或句中;which引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句指代整句話的內(nèi)容時(shí),只能位于句末。Thenumberofsmokers,asisreported,hasdroppedby17percentinjustoneyear.正如報(bào)道的那樣,吸煙者的數(shù)量?jī)H在一年內(nèi)就已經(jīng)減少了百分之十七。Hefailedintheexam,whichmadehisfatherveryangry.他在考試中失利,這使得他爸爸非常生氣。[溫馨提示]as常用在下列習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)中:as(it)oftenhappens,asIcanremember,asisoftenthecase,asisexpected,asisknowntous,asisshown等?！瘼駟尉涮羁?.Theenterprisesaroundusaregettingevenricher,secretis:don’tputallyoureggsinonebasket.

2.ButSarah,hastakenpartinshowsalongwithtopmodels,wantstoprovethatshehasbrainsaswellasbeauty.

3.Wewillputoffthepicnicintheparkuntilnextweek,theweathermaybebetter.

4.Thereisnoeasywaytorememberprepositions,asitisoneareaofEnglishtherulesseemveryirregular.

5.Thebiggestchallengeattheinitialphasewastopersuadepeopletoworkforme,wastotallyoutsidemyexperience.

6.isreported,itismorethan100yearssinceBeijingUniversitywasfounded.

7.Goodadvertising,topeopleattachpositivemeaning,cancontributetothesalesofaproduct.

8.ThereasonIwritethislettertoyouisthatIhaveaprobleminrespectofthewritingstyle.

9.Ifeltveryhappytogetaone-monthbreakfromworklastyearIcouldtravelwithmyfamilytoParis.

10.WhatissurprisingtousisthatTom,forEnglishwasonceboring,canspeakEnglishfluentlyasthoughhewereanativespeaker.

11.Thereasonheexplainedwasthathewasillandunabletogotoschool.

12.Withregardtobrilliantperformances,theannualsportsmeetingservesasafabulousplatform,youareexpectedtocheertheathletesonbycheerleading.

●Ⅱ語(yǔ)法填空[2024·湖北襄陽(yáng)五中高三第二次適應(yīng)性測(cè)試]Incense(香)boastsalonghistory,1.itsrootsinmanycultures—ancientChina,ancientEgypt,Babylonandbeyond.Peoplefromallwalksoflifebenefitfromits2.(count)qualities,whethertheyuseitforpleasureorasmedicine.

SincetheTangandSongdynasties,burningincense,hangingpaintings,makingtea,andenjoyingmusichavebeenknownasthe“fourartsforliterati(文人)”.3.(make)fromseeds,leavesandflowers,incensehasbeenusedasanenjoyable4.(pursue)forscholars.

Moreover,medicalincenseisanessentialpartofTraditionalChineseMedicine,whichconsiderspreventativehealthcareas5.farsuperiorformoftreatmentwhenillnessstrikes.

6.(basic),medicalincensecankillbacteriaintheenvironment,protectingpeopleagainstinfections.Itisalsobelieved7.(possess)theabilitytobalancetheflowofQi,avitalenergyforcewithinthebody.Oncethemedicalelementswithinincensearebreathedin,theysoonfind8.(they)wayintothebloodstream.Fromtheretheygodirectlytotheorgans9.treatmentassistanceisneeded.Thespecifictypesofincense10.(choose)basedontheindividual’scondition,aimingtorestorebalanceandpromotewell-being.

●Ⅲ語(yǔ)法與寫(xiě)作—定語(yǔ)從句在寫(xiě)作中的運(yùn)用1.[2024·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷讀后續(xù)寫(xiě)]IfImissthislastbustoPrague,I’llbelatefortheconferencethatIcan’taffordtomissit!

如果我錯(cuò)過(guò)這趟去布拉格的末班車(chē),我參加會(huì)議就會(huì)遲到,這個(gè)會(huì)議非常重要,我不能錯(cuò)過(guò)它!2.[2024·全國(guó)甲卷書(shū)面表達(dá)]Secondly,theintroductionofhigh-speedtrainshasdramaticallyshortenedtraveltimesacrossthecountry,

.

其次,高鐵的引入極大地縮短了全國(guó)范圍內(nèi)的旅行時(shí)間,這使得旅行更加快速且更加舒適。3.[2024·全國(guó)甲卷書(shū)面表達(dá)],somenewtypesoftr