云南2025自考[海洋科學(xué)與技術(shù)]英語(yǔ)（二）模擬題及答案一、單項(xiàng)選擇（共20題，每題1分，計(jì)20分）directions:choosethebestanswerforeachquestion.1.ThestudyofmarineecosystemsinYunnan'sRedRiverDeltahasprovided______insightsintobiodiversityconservation.A)limitedB)extensiveC)superficialD)temporary2.ResearchersintheSouthChinaSeahavefoundthatcoralreefscanrecoverfrombleachingif______conditionsaremet.A)severeB)moderateC)optimalD)critical3.Marinebiotechnologyin云南hasfocusedondevelopingsustainableaquaculturepracticestoaddressfoodsecurity.A)potentialB)feasibleC)innovativeD)traditional4.TheMekongRiverestuary,avitalhabitatin云南,isthreatenedby______pollutionfromupstreamindustries.A)freshwaterB)industrialC)agriculturalD)marine5.OceanographicsurveysintheBayofBengalhaverevealedthat______fishstocksaredecliningduetooverfishing.A)small-scaleB)deep-seaC)commerciallyimportantD)rare6.Theestablishmentofmarineprotectedareasin云南'scoastalregionsaimsto______marinebiodiversity.A)preserveB)exploitC)degradeD)commercialize7.WaveenergyconvertersintheSouthChinaSeahavebeentestedto______renewableenergydemands.A)reduceB)meetC)ignoreD)postpone8.Theimpactofclimatechangeon云南'smarineenvironmentincludesrisingsealevelsand______watertemperatures.A)stableB)decreasingC)fluctuatingD)consistent9.Underwaternoisepollutionfromshippingin云南'swatersaffectsthecommunicationof______marinemammals.A)allB)someC)fewD)none10.Theuseofdronesinmarinemonitoringhasimprovedtheefficiencyof______in云南'sremoteislands.A)pollutiondetectionB)fishstockassessmentC)habitatmappingD)oilspillcleanup11.TheGreatBarrierReef,thoughoutside云南,sharessimilarchallengeswithcoralecosystemsintheSouthChinaSea.A)ecologicalB)economicC)politicalD)social12.Thesustainablemanagementofmangrovesin云南'sestuarieshelpsto______coastalerosion.A)exacerbateB)mitigateC)ignoreD)accelerate13.Oceanacidificationaffectstheshellsof______in云南'scoastalwaters.A)fishB)mollusksC)reptilesD)mammals14.TheintegrationofGIStechnologyinmarineresearchhasenhancedtheaccuracyof______in云南.A)navigationB)pollutiontrackingC)biodiversitymappingD)fishingoperations15.Theroleofphytoplanktonin云南'smarinefoodwebsis______totheentireecosystem.A)insignificantB)marginalC)crucialD)minimal16.Theenforcementoffisheriesregulationsin云南'swatershasledtoa______inillegalfishingactivities.A)decreaseB)increaseC)stabilizationD)fluctuation17.Thestudyofmarinesedimentsin云南'sdeepseahasuncoveredevidenceofancient______environments.A)terrestrialB)aquaticC)marineD)polar18.Thedevelopmentofartificialreefsin云南'scoastalareashas______fishpopulations.A)declinedB)stabilizedC)increasedD)remainedunchanged19.Theimpactofeutrophicationon云南'slakesandreservoirsincludesalgalbloomsand______waterquality.A)improvedB)unchangedC)degradedD)maintained20.Theuseofnon-invasivemethodsinmarinebiologyresearchhasminimized______onfragileecosystems.A)disturbanceB)destructionC)pollutionD)contamination二、閱讀理解（共5題，每題2分，計(jì)10分）directions:readthepassagebelowandchoosethebestanswerforeachquestion.Passage:Marinepollution,particularlyplasticwaste,posesasignificantthreattoecosystemsin云南'scoastalregions.Recentstudieshaveshownthatplasticdebrisaccumulatesinriverdeltas,suchastheRedRiverestuary,whereitisingestedbyaquaticorganisms.Thisnotonlyaffectsthehealthofmarinelifebutalsoentersthehumanfoodchain.Inresponse,the云南省governmenthasimplementedstricterregulationsonsingle-useplasticsandpromotedrecyclingprograms.However,thescaleoftheproblemrequiresinternationalcooperationtoaddressthesourceofplasticpollutioninland-basedindustries.Effortstoremoveexistingdebrisfromtheoceanhaveshownmixedresults,withsomesuccessintourist-heavyareasbutlimitedimpactinremoteregions.Scientistsemphasizethatpreventingfurtherpollutionismoreeffectivethancleaningupafterthefact.1.Whatisthemainproblemaddressedinthepassage?A)Overfishingin云南'swaters.B)Plasticpollutioninmarineecosystems.C)Climatechangeeffectsoncoastalhabitats.D)Decliningfishstocksduetoindustrialfishing.2.Accordingtothepassage,howdoesplasticpollutionaffectaquaticlife?A)Itprovidesahabitatformarineorganisms.B)Itisharmlessifingestedinsmallamounts.C)Itisingestedbymarinelife,causinghealthissues.D)Itpromotesbiodiversityinriverdeltas.3.Whatmeasureshasthe云南省governmenttakentocombatplasticpollution?A)Bannedallplasticproductsincoastalareas.B)Implementedstricterregulationsonsingle-useplastics.C)Encouragedtheuseofbiodegradablematerials.D)Focusedsolelyonrecyclingefforts.4.Whatistheauthor'sopiniononcleaningupplasticdebris?A)Itisthemosteffectivesolutiontotheproblem.B)Itislesseffectivethanpreventingpollution.C)Itshouldbeprioritizedoverprevention.D)Itisunnecessaryifregulationsareenforced.5.Whatdoesthepassagesuggestaboutinternationalcooperationinaddressingmarinepollution?A)Itisunnecessaryiflocaleffortsaresufficient.B)Itisessentialtotackleland-basedpollutionsources.C)Itismoreeffectiveintourist-heavyareas.D)Itshouldfocusonremoteregionsfirst.三、完形填空（共10題，每題1分，計(jì)10分）directions:fillineachblankwiththebestwordfromtheoptions.TheGreatBarrierReef,thoughnotin云南,sharessimilarchallengeswithcoralecosystemsintheSouthChinaSea.Inrecentyears,scientistshaveobserveda______(6)declineincoralcoverduetorisingseatemperaturesandoceanacidification.Thistrendhasraisedconcernsaboutthelong-term______(7)oftheseecosystems.Effortsto______(8)coralreefs,suchasassistedevolution,haveshownpromisebutrequirefurtherresearch.Meanwhile,theSouthChinaSea,a______(9)richinbiodiversity,facesthreatsfromoverfishingandpollution.Theintegrationof______(10)technologyinmarinemonitoringhasimprovedtheaccuracyofhabitatmapping.However,the______(11)ofthesetechnologiesinremoteareasremainslimited.Climatechangeexacerbatestheproblem,with______(12)sealevelsandincreasedstormintensity.Scientistsemphasizetheneedfor______(13)managementstrategiestoprotectmarinebiodiversity.Withoutimmediateaction,thefutureoftheseecosystemsin云南andbeyondhangsinthe______(14).6.A)steadyB)significantC)gradualD)minor7.A)stabilityB)destructionC)survivalD)decline8.A)restoreB)exploitC)damageD)neglect9.A)regionB)habitatC)ecosystemD)area10.A)GISB)AIC)remotesensingD)underwater11.A)availabilityB)costC)efficiencyD)effectiveness12.A)risingB)fallingC)stableD)fluctuating13.A)sustainableB)unsustainableC)ineffectiveD)uncoordinated14.A)balanceB)airC)questionD)question四、翻譯（共2題，每題5分，計(jì)10分）directions:translatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.1.云南的海洋科研機(jī)構(gòu)正在研究如何利用潮汐能解決沿海地區(qū)的電力需求。2.馬來群島的珊瑚礁生態(tài)系統(tǒng)對(duì)氣候變化極為敏感，需要立即采取保護(hù)措施。五、簡(jiǎn)答題（共3題，每題5分，計(jì)15分）directions:answerthefollowingquestionsconcisely.1.簡(jiǎn)述海洋酸化對(duì)云南海岸帶生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的影響。2.為什么云南的河口地區(qū)是海洋生物多樣性保護(hù)的重點(diǎn)區(qū)域？3.簡(jiǎn)述無人機(jī)在海洋監(jiān)測(cè)中的應(yīng)用及其優(yōu)勢(shì)。答案及解析一、單項(xiàng)選擇答案1.B2.C3.B4.B5.C6.A7.B8.C9.B10.C11.A12.B13.B14.C15.C16.A17.C18.C19.C20.A解析:1."extensive"(廣泛的)fitsbestasmarineecosystemsinYunnan'sRedRiverDeltaarestudiedcomprehensively.5."commerciallyimportant"(經(jīng)濟(jì)價(jià)值高的)iscorrectasoverfishingtargetsvaluablefishstocks.10."habitatmapping"(棲息地繪制)alignswithdroneuseinremoteareas.二、閱讀理解答案1.B2.C3.B4.B5.B解析:2.The